1

Power System Protection Coordination

with Redundant Relay Application
in Switchgear and MCC
Presenter
Shefian Bin Md Dom (HGE120021)
Supervisor
Dr. Ab Halim Bin Abu Bakar

:: Presentation Outlines ::
Introduction
Problem Statement
Research Objectives
Result & Discussion
Conclusion

:: Introduction ::
The operation of the protection system should be fast and should
isolate only the faulty section in the shortest possible time to achieve
minimum disturbance to the system.

Failure of a protective relay can result in devastating equipment

damage and prolonged downtime as fault travel further deep into
power system structure from the actual fault location.

This

can be prevented by having optimum

coordination between protection equipment.

protection

:: Introduction ::

:: Introduction ::

Old-Timer
Tools !

:: Introduction ::

Old-Timer
Tools !

:: Introduction ::

Old-Timer
Tools !

:: Introduction ::

Old-Timer
Tools !

:: Introduction ::

Today
Tools !

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:: Problem Statement ::
Generally, optimum protection coordination study will ensure
nearest protection devices to response against fault in shortest
possible time within acceptable grading margin.

Protection coordination study require complicated analysis and

long duration of time will involved as short-circuit analysis and
protection grading must be complete together.

In the even of faulty on main protection relay, there must be a

redundant relay with proper protection coordination to ensure

complete isolation of fault from travel further into power system
network.

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:: Research Objectives ::

1.

To describe methodology required to achieve protection

coordination in power system network.

2.

To perform full analysis using SKM software in order to achieve

protection coordination between protection devices.

3.

To evaluate the suitability of introducing redundant relay in

the existing power system network from the aspect of proper
protection coordination.

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:: Methodology ::
1
2
3
4
5
6

Study Protection Coordination Concept

Familiarization of Power System Analysis Software
Technical Data Collection
Perform Protection Coordination Analysis
Review with Industrial Expert & Professional
Produce Protection Coordination Report

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:: Result & Discussion ::

Network Modelling
Coordination Basis
Fault Level Analysis
Device Plug Setting
Protection Coordination

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Network Modelling
The network modelling is replication of actual network
parameters from few different projects.
Lynas Phase 2 (LampsUp), Onshore Malaysia.
PKN PTA, Wloclawek, Onshore Poland.
Petrofac FPSO Berantai & Wellhead, Offshore
Malaysia
Petronas Platform Bekok C, Offshore Malaysia
The analysis approach consist of real parameters from
listed projects dedicate for conceptual study purpose
and no commercial value.
Divide into Upstream (Switchgears) and Downstream
(MCC)

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Network Modelling

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bbb

Network Modelling (Upstream 33/11kV)

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Network Modelling (Upstream 33kV)

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Network Modelling (Upstream 11kV)

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Network Modelling (Downstream 0.4kV)

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Network Modelling (Downstream 0.4kV)

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Network Modelling (Downstream 0.4kV)

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Network Modelling (Downstream 0.4kV)

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Network Modelling (Downstream 0.4kV)

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Network Modelling (Downstream 0.4kV)

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Coordination Basis
Coordination basis is set of information to show initial criteria and
assumption of respective power network under discussion.
Sample of Coordination Basis:
The coordination margin between relays in series will be minimum
0.30s

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Coordination Basis

Coordination
Basis

MCC
Modules

General

Coordination
Margin

Plug Setting

Discrimination

Load Type

Starting
Method

Transformer

Protections

Apparent
(VA) Loaded

Discrimination

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Fault Level Analysis (Comprehensive)

Fault Level
Analysis

IEC

ANSI

IEC60909

Comprehensive

IEC61363

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Fault Level Analysis (Comprehensive)

Sources of
Fault Current

Utility

Generator

Synchronous
Motor

Induction
Motor

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Fault Level Analysis (Comprehensive)

Maximum Fault

Design Fault

Three-Phase RMS

Three-Phase RMS

Fault (kA)

Fault (kA)

2LV8551A

62.121

80kA

2LV8551B

58.729

80kA

4MV8552

10.327

25kA

4MV8501

9.743

25kA

Switchboard

The maximum fault levels will be used in coordination as

discrimination margin point.
The definition of maximum fault levels condition includes full load
capacity, bus tie momentary close during synchronization between
all buses under Auto Transfer Switch (ATS) and generator operated.

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Device Plug Setting (ANSI 51 OC IDMT)

SKM

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Device Plug Setting (ANSI 51 OC IDMT)

SKM

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Device Plug Setting (ANSI 50 OC DT)

SKM

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Starter

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Starter

Protection: ANSI 49 Thermal Overload

This function is used to protect equipment such
motors and transformers against overloads based
on measurement of the current consumed.

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Starter

The cold curve defines the

protection tripping time based on
zero heat rise.

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Starter

The hot curve defines the

protection tripping time based on
100 % nominal heat rise.

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Starter

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Starter

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Starter

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Starter

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Feeder

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

MNSiS Feeder

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

REF542+ R-2LV8551A

Protection: ANSI 50/51 Phase Overcurrent

The phase overcurrent protection function is
three-pole. It picks up if one, two or three of the
phase currents reach the operation set point.

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

REF542+ R-2LV8551A

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Protection Coordination (LV/MCC)

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

REF542+ R-2LV8551A

Protection Grading with

Full Discrimination Technique

REF542+ 4TR8560

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

Protection Grading with

Full Discrimination Technique

REF542+ R-2LV8551A
Wellhead
Platform

FPSO Berantai Vessel

6.6kV MV SWGR
0.4kV LV SWGR

0.4kV LV SWGR

FPSO Vessel
A floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO)
unit is a floating vessel used by the offshore oil and
gas industry for the production, processing
of hydrocarbons and for storage of oil

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

REF542+ R-2LV8551A

Protection Grading with

No Discrimination Technique

REF542+ 4TR8560

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

Protection Grading with

No Discrimination Technique

Substation 4

Substation 1

Substation 2

Substation 3

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

Full Discrimination

No Discrimination

1) Suitable for implementation where

MV and LV substation location very
far from each other.

1) Suitable for implementation where

MV or LV substation exist in the
same building or area.

2)

2) Total time margin will be shorter

Total time margin will be longer

3) Fault isolation on either transformer

primary or secondary with respect
to fault location.

3)

Fault isolation on both transformer

primary and secondary regardless
fault location.

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

Redundant Relay of ABB SACE PR123/P

Self-supplied (No external power required)

Use microprocessor with Rogowsky Coil Sensor
Simulation secondary injection using 5V USB EKIP
CB Remote Open / Close using Modbus RTU
Robust Design and Compact in size

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

Redundant Relay of ABB SACE PR123/P

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

Protection Grading with

Mix Discrimination Technique

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

Protection Grading with

Mix Discrimination Technique

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Protection Coordination (LV/MV)

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:: Conclusion ::

1. At the end of this project, the complete methodology of

protection coordination process using SKM software can be

described step by step. Technical data at dedicated power system
must be collected and later will be modelled in SKM software to
replicate the actual system. Then further analysis of short-circuit
current and protection components coordination required. Once
complete the protection coordination report will be produced for
distribution purpose.

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:: Conclusion ::

2. The tedious analysis process of protection coordination study

can even further simplified in SKM software. Engineer can use SKM
Dapper for short circuit analysis then followed by SKM Captor for
protection coordination analysis. Therefore protection coordination
studies completely achieved with the help of SKM software.

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:: Conclusion ::

3. Based on SKM simulation, it was concluded that redundant

relay can be introduced in the existing power system to maximize

reliability of the system. It was also proven in SKM Captor that
redundant relay successfully achieve desired protection
coordination.