PVT

Document number
PAZFLOR FPSO PVT TUNING
AO-040-PG-020-301012
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PAZFLOR PROJECT
SURFACE FACILITIES
BASIC ENGINEERING
Rev.
Status
Date
Revision memo
Issued by
Checked by
Approved by
00
IFI
13.01.06
Issue For lnformation
M. Ahmadian
E Olivier
M. Chiriac
T Gandrille
This document is the property of COMPANY. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
1.1. General ....................................................................................................................................3
1.2. Objectives ................................................................................................................................3
2. CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................3
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS .....................................................................................................5
4. MODEL CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................................5
4.1. Simulation Software.................................................................................................................5
4.2. Binary coefficients....................................................................................................................5
4.3. Reference Conditions ..............................................................................................................5
5. RESERVOIR FLUID PROPERTIES .........................................................................................7

6. PSEUDO COMPONTENT ADJUSTMENT..............................................................................8
6.1. ZINIA 1 DST1 .......................................................................................................................9
6.2. PERPETUA1 DST2 ..............................................................................................................9
6.3. HORTENSIA1 DST1 ............................................................................................................9
6.4. ACACIA1 DST1 ..................................................................................................................10
6.5. ACACIA1 DST2 ..................................................................................................................10
6.6. ACACIA2 DST1 ..................................................................................................................10
7. MIOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING ......................................................................................... 11

8. OLIGOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING.................................................................................... 16
9. ADJUSTMENT OF PSEUDO-COMPONENTS VISCOSITY CURVES ........................... 21
9.1. VISCOSITY OF RESERVOIR DRY OIL ...............................................................................21
9.2. VISCOSITY OF THE BLEND MIOCENE+OLIGOCENE....................................................23
9.3. VISCOSITY OF MIOCENE ONLY ......................................................................................24
9.4. VISCOSITY OF OLIGOCENE ONLY .................................................................................25
10. APPENDIXES : ......................................................................................................................... 26

Appendix-A: Minutes of Meeting dated on 14th October and 09th November 2005 ...............27
Appendix-B: Viscosity/Temperature charts (ASTM D341).......................................................28
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.
GENERAL
During the pre-project studies, a unique PVT model has been developed for the 4 reservoir
fluids.
At this stage of basic engineering three additional reservoir fluids (Acacia-1 DST1, Acacia-1
DST2 and Acacia-2 DST1) need to be taken into account.
In addition, the pseudo-components characteristics have been originally tuned using PROII
process simulator in order to simulate the fluid properties (saturation pressure, Rs Bo etc).
Therefore, the PVT model has to be revised to incorporate new pseudo components and
also to correct some characteristics of previous components further to the migration from
PROII to HYSYS.
1.2.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this report is to present the simulation basis and different adjustment performed
in order to match the simulation software (Hysys) calculation results with the field data (MW,
Psat, Rs, Bo, GOR, Viscosity)
These Tuning results will be used as basis for process Hysys Simulations during Basic Engineering.
This report needs to be approved by Company before starting the topside simulations in order
to ensure that subsea and topside contractors are working based on same simulation basis.
2. CONCLUSION
Tuning on MW, Psat, Rs, Bo and GOR
As shown in this report, after tuning, the deviation between Hysys calculation results (MW,
Psat, Rs, Bo and GOR) and field data for different reservoir fluids are in the acceptable range.
The deviation between Hysys and Field data are Summarized in the following table:
Zinia 1
DST-1
Parameter
Psat
Rs
Bo process
Tank oil density
@15C
Reservoir fluid MW
Tank Oil MW
Hysys Deviation with Field Data

Perpetua1
Hortensia1
Acacia1
DST-2
DST1
DST1
Acacia1
DST2
Acacia2
DST1
0%
-1.58 %
-4.10 %
0.2 %
-0.2 %
2.5 %
-2.6 %
0.8 %
-0.2 %
-1.6 %
-2.7 %
0.3 %
3.5 %
5.2 %
-1.3 %
2.1%
-1.0 %
5.4 %
-0.2 %
3.2 %
- 0.1 %
-1.2 %
- 2.7 %
1.4 %
0%
-0.54 %
0%
- 0.1 %
0%
- 0.3 %
0%
0.5 %
0%
1.5 %
5.1 % (1)
8.7 % (1)
(1) These deviations to be confirmed by Company based on PVT calculation results.
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Note: Preliminary Topside simulation results based on tuned reservoir fluids shows that the Hysys results are close to those obtained during pre-project calculations.
Tuning on viscosity
The tuning on viscosity has been performed on the stabilised blends and not the reservoir crude
oil. Three blends have been studied: Miocene+Oligocene, Miocene only and Oligocene
only. For each blend, deviation between Hysys and experimental data have been calculated at
three various temperatures. Results are summarized in the following table:
Blend
Miocene + Oligocene
Miocene only
Oligocene only
Deviation at temperature 1
0.9% (at 35C)
0% (at 50C)
3% (at 35C)
-0.8% (at 50C)
1.4% (at 60C)
3% (at 40C)
0% (at 60C)
-0.4% (at 70C)
4% (at 50C)
Note: The viscosity tuning has been performed using the viscosities calculated for the blends
given in the pre-project process report. If composition of blends changes then viscosity data
need to be adjusted accordingly.
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3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Following references have been used during tuning study.
[1] Pre-project Studies FPSO Process Report Rev0 dated on 04 Nov 2005.
[2] Minutes of Meeting dated 14th October and 09th November 2005. Refer to AppendixA for
details.
4. MODEL CHARACTERISTICS
4.1.
SIMULATION SOFTWARE
The Simulations are carried out using Hysys version 2004 with the following thermodynamic
setups:
4.2.
Property Package: Peng Robinson
Peng Robinson Options: Standard
EOS Enthalpy Method Specification: Lee Kesler
Liquid Densities: Smooth Liquid Density option has been selected.
BINARY COEFFICIENTS
Binary Coefficients (Kij) used for different components are presented in the table presented in
the next page.
Note: Binary coefficients provided by PVT model gives a better match of fluid characteristics
rather than Kijs generated by Hysys.
4.3.
REFERENCE CONDITIONS
Standards conditions are 15.6 C and 1 atm.
Stock tank conditions are 15 C and 1 atm.
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BINARY COEFFICIENTS (Ref[2])
H2O
N2
CO2
H2O
-0.32
0.0445
0.5
N2
--
-0.02
0.04
--
0.1
--
CO2
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
CN1
CN2
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
0.5
0.5
0.05
0.08
0.13
C7
C8
C9
C10
CN1
CN2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.48
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.09
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0853
0.0943
0.044
0.05
0.07
0.07
--
0.08
0.085
0.06
0.06
0.09
0.06
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
--
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5. RESERVOIR FLUID PROPERTIES

Different reservoir fluids original compositions (before tuning) are given in the following table
(Ref. [2]).
Zinia-1
Reservoir
TC
Reservoir
P bara
Cut
N2
CO2
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
CN1
CN2
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
Hortensia1
DST-1
61.6
Acacia 1
Acacia 1
Acacia 2
DST-1
65.8
Perpetua1
DST-2
63.5
DST-1
113.1
DST-2
93.3
DST-1
104.9
189.8
197.3
189.6
370.62
349.9
359.7
%mole
0.036
1.042
37.146
0.271
0.017
0.007
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.023
0.126
0.293
0.77
1.405
28.205
0
19.72 (1)
10.928
0
0
%mole
0.165
1.228
37.64
0.308
0.03
0.023
0.024
0.028
0.024
0.291
0.871
1.205
1.753
2.107
26.381
18.925
0
8.997
0
0
%mole
0.04
1.45
36.95
0.13
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.036
0.93
1.43
2.28
3.06
30.25
14.78
0
3.14
5
0
%mole
0.27
1.34
40.827
7.448
6.654
1.261
3.244
1.579
1.754
3.389
3.481
3.216
2.721
2.076
11.415
9.325
0
0
0
0
%mole
0.354
0.832
55.826
4.054
5.011
1.157
2.762
1.434
1.430
2.695
2.733
2.471
2.128
1.469
8.694
6.949
0
0
0
0
%mole
0.169
0.734
40.322
6.635
6.955
1.421
3.585
1.709
1.833
3.449
3.576
3.183
2.794
2.261
8.416
0
0
0
0
12.969
(1) The CN2 and CN3 pseudo component characteristics are exactly the same (except for Binary coefficient). For Zinia fluid, the CN2 composition has been transferred to CN3 in order to
be able to make the Psat tuning of this reservoir.
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The Pseudo Component Characteristics obtained after tuning are presented in the following table. Those characteristics modified during tuning are in BOLD and the original values are presented between brackets.
Cut
MW
Tc
Pc
Omega
Vc
SG
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
CN1
CN2
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
85.11
98.62
112.8
125.6
138.5
187.3
397.8
397.8
500
500
410
242.3
278.8
306.1
340.8
367.5
495 (480)
570
850 (570)
630
670 (630)
635 (614)
33.24
31.0
28.54
27.48
26.10
22.8
13.2
13.2
13.05
13.05
12.9
0.2556
0.2808
0.3257
0.3489
0.4189
0.57
0.72
0.72
0.95
0.95
0.81
0.38
0.43
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.88
1.36
1.36
2.45
1.81
1.47
0.7149
0.7387
0.7538
0.7743
0.788
0.8185
0.915
0.915
1.189
1.189
0.8904
6. PSEUDO COMPONTENT ADJUSTMENT

As shown in the table above, Critical pressure and temperature of pseudo components (CN1 to
CN6) have been adjusted in order to match the Hysys results with the experimental key properties.
Adjustments have been performed based on following procedure:
CN1 critical temperature has been adjusted in order to match the ACACIA1 DST1&2
Saturation pressure
CN6 Critical temperature in order to match the ACACIA2 saturation pressure
CN3 critical temperature has been adjusted in order to match ZINIA saturation pressure
CN5 critical temperature for the Hortensia saturation pressure tuning
Comparison between tuned Hysys calculation results and experimental data (Ref [2]) are summarized in the following tables:
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Bo process
Tank oil density
@15C (55C)
Reservoir fluid
MW
Tank Oil MW
13.01.06
Page 9 of 28
bara
Sm3/Sm
3
m3/Sm3
kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
182.0
46.2
182.0
45.48
0%
-1.58 %
1.123
949.4
(924.6)
195.8
1.077
951.3
(926.8)
195.8
-4.10 %
0.2 %
(0.2%)
0%
308.47
306.8
-0.54 %
PERPETUA1 DST2
Perpetua DST2 Upper
Parameter
Psat
Rs
Bo process
Tank oil density
@15C (50C)
Reservoir fluid
MW
Tank Oil MW
6.3.
IFI
ZINIA 1 DST1
Zinia 1 DST-1
Lower
Parameter
Psat
Rs
6.2.
Status
Rev Date
6.1.
00
bara
Sm3/Sm
3
m3/Sm3
kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
180.27
47.8
180.0
48.98
-0.2 %
2.5 %
1.121
929.3
(907.1)
184.1
1.091
936.8
(911.9)
184.1
-2.6 %
0.8 %
(0.5 % )
0%
292.06
291.7
- 0.1 %
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
180.4
51.5
180.0
50.7
-0.2 %
-1.6 %
1.13
922.5
(906.7)
172.8
1.10
925.1
(907.4)
172.8
-2.7 %
0.3 %
(0.1 %)
0%
270.92
270.1
- 0.3 %
HORTENSIA 1 DST1
Hortensia DST1 Upper
Parameter
Psat
Rs
Bo process
Tank oil density
@15C (40C)
Reservoir fluid
MW
Tank Oil MW
bara
Sm3/Sm
3
m3/Sm3
kg/m3
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ACACIA1 DST1
Parameter
Psat
Rs
Bo process
Tank oil density
@15C (40C)
Reservoir fluid
MW
Tank Oil MW
bara
Sm3/Sm
3
m3/Sm3
kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
222.9
148
230.8
155.7
3.5 %
5.2 %
1.4537
832.8
(816.7)
92.1
1.435
850.2
(831.3)
92.13
-1.3 %
2.1%
(1.8 %)
0%
191.43
192.4
0.5 %
ACACIA1 DST2
Acacia1 DST-2
Parameter
Psat
Rs
Bo process
Tank oil density
@15C (35C)
Reservoir fluid
MW
Tank Oil MW
6.6.
IFI
Page 10 of 28
Acacia1 DST-1
6.5.
Status
Rev Date
6.4.
00
bara
Sm3/Sm
3
m3/Sm3
kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
349.5
237.9
345.9
241.0
-1.0 %
5.4 %
1.671
827.8
(814.9)
75
1.641
849.6
(834.5)
75
-0.2 %
3.2 %
(3.7 %)
0%
189.03
191.9
1.5 %
ACACIA2 DST1
Acacia 2 B525
DST
Parameter
Psat
Rs
Bo process
Tank oil density
@15C (40C)
Reservoir fluid
MW
Tank Oil MW
bara
Sm3/Sm
3
m3/Sm3
kg/m3
Experimental
Calculated
Relative deviation
224.4
135.99
224.2
134.4
- 0.1 %
-1.2 %
1.4027
839.1
(827.5)
98
1.364
850.7
(832.9)
103
- 2.7 %
1.4%
(0.7%)
5.1 %
197.05
214.2
8.7 %
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7. MIOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING

The experimental Rs are not consistent with the flowrates of the gas production profile (cf table
below for Year 1 simulation case).
Therefore it is necessary to adjust the reservoir fluid composition in order to obtain the required
gas flowrate by following the herebelow procedure.
The following procedure is detailing the Year1 production case GOR tuning for different wells
of Miocene Field.
Step 1:
Three independent streams are created to represent the 3 reservoir fluids of Upper Miocene
with the compositions given in 3.1.
The flow rate of each reservoir fluid at the inlet of the flash cascade is adjusted so that each
reservoir contributes to the Stock Tank oil production according to the following break down:
Vol percentage in stock

tank oil
Vol flowrate
ZINIA
13
PERPETUA
77
HORTENSIA
10
TOTAL
100
BOPD
17 810
105 490
13 700
137 000
The cascaded flashes of different reservoir fluids are defined as follows:

st
1 Stage bara/C
nd
Stage bara/C
Stock Tank bara/C
ZINIA
13.0 / 55
PERPETUA
8.6 / 52.6
HORTENSIA
11.6 / 63.9
1 / 55
1 / 50
1 / 40
1 / 15
1 / 15
1 / 15
As an example, Perpetua PT flashes are presented in the following figure:
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The inlet mass flowrate (dry) of the reservoir fluids obtained as well as the overall gas flow rate
produced are given in the following table:
Specific contribution of reservoirs
ZINIA
PERPETUA
HORTENSIA
TOTAL Gas
flowrate
(G1+G2+G3)
STOCK TANK OIL
BLEND
MSm3/d
0.129
0.822
0.110
1.061
BOPD
17810
105490
13700
137000
Step 2: Determination of the GOR adjustment on Miocene reservoir fluids

The gas make-up required to stick to the gas flowrate of the reservoir production profile is determined and split between the reservoir fluids.
The Miocene oil production flowrate for year 1 given in the production profile ACACIA WATER
AND GAS INJECTION (Ref [2]) is 130 KBOPD.
With a plant availability of 95%, the operating stock tank production flow rate shall be 137
KBOPD.
The gas flow rate given in the profile for year 1 is 1.8 MSm3/d.
With a plant availability of 95%, the operating gas flow rate for year 1 shall be 1.89 MSm3/d.
As the gas production resulting from the reservoir fluid is only 1.061 MSm3/d, a gas make up of
0.829 MSm3/d is required to stick to the gas flow rate of the production profile (1.89 MSm3/d).
This make-up represents a gas production increase of 78.2%.
Therefore, the GOR of each reservoir fluid shall be increased by 78.2%. As a consequence,
the re-adjusted gas flowrate of each reservoir shall be as presented in the following table:
TOTAL Gas flowrate

(G1+G2+G3)
MSm3/d
ZINIA
PERPETUA
HORTENSIA
0.230
1.464
0.197
A make up gas stream will be added to each reservoir fluid stream (Refer to stream Make-up
Gas in the figure above).
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Step 3: Determination of individual Gas make-up on each Miocene reservoir fluid

The composition of the make-up gas will be considered as identical to the gas composition obtained in the first stage flash. This operation is carried out separately for each reservoir fluid.
It has to be noticed here that using a gas make-up composition consistent with the gas produced by the first flash will not impact the compositions of the gas and liquid phases produced
by the first stage but only the gas flow rate.
With Gas
Make-up
Without
Make-up
As a consequence, the conditions of the flash composition and flow rate observed at the second and third stages will remain identical.
STOCK TANK OIL

TOTAL Gas flowrate
(G1+G2+G3)
Required gas increase
Required Gas Makeup
TOTAL Gas flowrate
(G1+G2+G3)
STOCK TANK OIL
BOPD

ZINIA
PERPETUA
HORTENSIA
17810
105490
13700
BLEND
137000
MSm3/d
0.1288
0.8215
0.1103
1.061
78.2
78.2
78.2
78.2
MSm3/d
0.101
0.642
0.086
0.829
MSm3/d
0.230
1.464
0.197
1.89
BOPD
17810
105490
13700
137000
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Step 4: Determination of the composition of the re-adjusted Reservoir Fluids

Miocene reservoir fluid compositions after GOR adjustment are presented in the following table.
Zinia-1
Cut
N2
CO2
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
CN1
CN2
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
DST-1
%mole
0.05
1.36
50.95
0.34
0.02
0.01
0
0
0
0.02
0.1
0.23
0.59
1.08
21.68
0
15.16
8.40
0
0
Perpetua1
DST-2
%mole
0.23
1.62
51.28
0.40
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.23
0.68
0.93
1.35
1.61
20.19
14.48
0
6.89
0
0
Hortensia1
DST-1
%mole
0.06
1.91
50.62
0.17
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.29
0.73
1.11
1.76
2.35
23.23
11.35
0
2.41
3.84
0
NB: The properties of the Stock tank Oil resulting from these new compositions are identical. But the properties of the new fluids at the reservoir conditions will no more stick to original ones (Psat at reservoir conditions for example).
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8. OLIGOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING

As for Miocene fluids, the experimental Rs for Oligocene are not consistent with the flowrates of
the gas production profile (cf table below for year1 production).
Therefore the same GOR adjustment methodology as for Miocene has been followed.
The following procedure is detailing the Year1 production case GOR tuning for different wells
of Oligocene Field.
Step 1:
ACACIA 1
DST 1
ACACIA 1
DST 2
ACACIA 2
DST 1
TOTAL
46
23
31
100
BOPD
43700
21 850
29 450
95 000
Vol percentage in
stock tank oil
Vol flowrate
The cascaded flashes of different reservoir fluids are defined as follows:
st
1 Stage bara/C
nd
Stage bara/C
Stock Tank bara/C
ACACIA 1
DST 1
13.1 / 48C
ACACIA 1
DST 2
23.1 / 66
ACACIA 2
DST 1
21 / 50
1 / 40
1 / 35
1 / 40
1 / 15
1 / 15
1 / 15
The gas flow rate adjustment principle is identical to Miocene. The difference is that for Oligocene, gas has to be removed instead of adding.
As an example, Acacia1-DST1 PT flashes are presented in the following figure:
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The inlet mass flowrate (dry) of the reservoir fluids obtained as well as the overall gas flow rate
produced are given in the following table:
ACACIA 1
ACACIA 1
ACACIA 2
DST 1
DST 2
DST 1
TOTAL Gas flowrate
(G1+G2+G3)
STOCK TANK OIL
BLEND
MSm3/d
1.082
0.837
0.629
2.548
BOPD
43700
21 850
29 450
95 000
Step 2: Determination of the GOR adjustment on Oligocene reservoir fluids

The Oligocene oil production rate for year1 given in the production profile ACACIA WATER
AND GAS INJECTION (Ref [2]) is 90 KBOPD.
With a plant availability of 95%, the operating stock tank production flow rate shall be 95
KBOPD.
The gas flow rate given in the profile for year1 is 2.2 MSm3/d.
With a plant availability of 95%, the operating gas flow rate shall be 2.32 MSm3/d.
As the gas production resulting from the reservoir fluid is 2.548 Msm3/d, a total gas flowrate of
0.228 Msm3/d shall be removed from the blend in order to stick to the gas flow rate of the production profile (2.32MSm3/d).
This gas offtake rate represents a gas production DECREASE of 8.96%.
Therefore, the GOR of each reservoir fluid shall be decreased by 8.96%. As a consequence,
the re-adjusted gas flowrate of each reservoir shall be as presented in the following table:
TOTAL Gas flowrate

(G1+G2+G3)
MSm3/d
ACACIA 1
DST 1
ACACIA 1
DST 2
ACACIA 2
DST 1
0.985
0.762
0.573
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Step 3: Determination of individual Gas off-take rate on each Oligocene reservoir fluid
The composition of the withdrawn gas will be considered as identical to the gas composition obtained in the first stage flash. This operation is carried out separately for each reservoir fluid.
It has to be noticed here that using a gas withdrawal composition consistent with the gas produced by the first flash will not impact the compositions of the gas and liquid phases produced
by the first stage but only the gas flow rate.
As a consequence, the conditions of the flash composition and flow rate observed at the second and third stages will remain identical.
Without
Make-up
STOCK TANK OIL

TOTAL Gas flowrate
(G1+G2+G3)
BLEND
95000
MSm3/d
1.082
0.837
0.629
2.548
8.96
8.96
8.96
8.96
MSm3/d
0.097
0.075
0.056
0.228
TOTAL Gas flowrate

(G1+G2+G3)
Sm3/d
0.985
0.762
0.573
2.320
STOCK TANK OIL
Sm3/d
43700
21850
29450
95000
Required gas increase

Required Gas off-take
With Gas
Make-up
BOPD

ACACIA 1
ACACIA 1
ACACIA 2
DST 1
DST 2
DST 1
43700
21850
29450
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Step 4: Determination of the composition of the re-adjusted Reservoir Fluids

Oligocene reservoir fluid compositions after GOR adjustment are presented in the following table.
Cut
N2
CO2
C1
C2
C3
iC4
nC4
iC5
nC5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
CN1
CN2
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
ACACIA 1
DST 1
ACACIA 1
DST 2
ACACIA 2
DST 1
DST-1
%mole
0.26
1.29
38.98
7.19
6.62
1.28
3.32
1.64
1.83
3.56
3.67
3.39
2.87
2.19
12.06
9.85
0
0
0
0
DST-2
%mole
0.34
0.81
54.00
3.96
5.01
1.18
2.83
1.49
1.49
2.84
2.90
2.63
2.27
1.57
9.27
7.41
0
0
0
0
DST-1
%mole
0.16
0.70
38.23
6.42
6.98
1.45
3.69
1.78
1.91
3.62
3.77
3.36
2.95
2.39
8.88
0
0
0
0
13.69
NB: The properties of the Stock tank Oil resulting from these new compositions are identical.
But the properties of the new fluids at the reservoir conditions will no more stick to original
ones (Psat at reservoir conditions for example).
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9. ADJUSTMENT OF PSEUDO-COMPONENTS VISCOSITY CURVES

The purpose of this section is to adjust the viscosity curves of the pseudo-components defined
in Hysys to match with the experimental viscosities (Ref[2]).
Viscosity adjustments have been performed for three different operating cases: 1. Oligocene+Miocene blend, 2. Oligocene alone and 3. Miocene alone.
Basic engineering simulations will be performed based on Oligocene + Miocene blend. Later
on, other simulations will be developed for degraded cases including Oligocene alone and Miocene alone with correct viscosity adjustments, as presented in this section.
ENGINEER will pay attention during degraded cases studies to use relevant viscosity values
and to use correct viscosity tuned simulation files.
9.1.
VISCOSITY OF RESERVOIR DRY OIL

Viscosity of Acacia.
Acacia is a blend of Acacia 1 DST 1 (46%), Acacia 1 DST 2 (23%) and Acacia 2 (31%). Experimental viscosities are available in the PVT report (See Ref [2]) at 15C and at 35C or 40C.
As ACACIA has a non Newtonian behaviour below 35C (Acacia Wax Appearance Temperature is 35C), the measurements made at 15C will not be used to determine the viscosity of the
blend.
ACACIA 1 DST 1
ACACIA 1 DST 2
ACACIA 2
Temperature
(C)
40
35
40
Dynamic viscosity (cP)

3.19
3.24
3.7
Density
(kg/m 3)
816.7
814.9
827.5
Kinematic viscosity
(cSt)
3.9
4.0
4.5
The slope of the viscosity straight line of each ACACIA fluid in the viscosity chart has been considered has identical to the slope of the ACACIA 1 DST2 determined from the chemistry report
data in the Newtonian zone (i.e above the Wax appearance temperature: 5.3 cSt at 40C and
3.6 cSt at 60C).
For each Acacia fluids, the viscosity values at 35C and 50C have been extrapolated from the
available experimental viscosity point and the straight line slope.
The results are given in the following table:
Temperature
ACACIA 1 DST 1
ACACIA 1 DST 2
ACACIA 2
C
cSt
cSt
cSt
35
4.3
4
5.0
50
3.3
3
3.7
Then, the viscosity of the ACACIA blend is calculated at 35C and 50C using the equation 1
presented below :
V1 ln 1
V n ln n
+ ... +
ln 1000
ln( 1000 1 )
ln( 1000 n )
= exp
(equation 1)
V
ln
V
ln
1
1
1
n
n
+ ... +
ln(
1000
)
ln(
1000
1
n
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where :
? is the kinematic viscosity of the blend,
?i is the kinematic viscosity of the crude i in the blend,
Vi is the volume fraction of the crude i in the blend.
(viscosities are at the same temperature)
Viscosities of ACACIA blend at 35C and 50C are summarized below :
Temperature
ACACIA BLEND
C
cSt
35
4.4
50
3.3
Experimental viscosity of MIOCENE reservoir dry oil.

For each MIOCENE reservoir, the dynamic viscosity of the dry oil is available in the PVT report
(See Ref [2]). To calculate the kinematic viscosity, the density has been determined using Hysys. Resevoir oil viscosities are summarized in the following table:
PERPETUA
ZINIA
HORTENSIA
Temperature
(C)
15
55
15
55
15
40
Dynamic viscosity
(cP)
557.6
47.7
1550
75
131.29
32.606
Density
(kg/m 3)
936.8
908.8
951.3
926.9
925.1
908.3
Kinematic viscosity
(cSt)
595.2
52.5
1629.3
80.9
141.9
35.9
Viscosity of MIOCENE and OLIGOCENE reservoir at 35C and 50C.

For each reservoir, the viscosity of the dry oil is known at two different temperatures.
Thus, using the chart from ASTM D341, the viscosity of each reservoir oil has been determined
at 35C and 50C (see appendix).
Viscosities for both MIOCENE and OLIGOCENE (ACACIA) oil at 35C and 50C are presented
in the following table:
Temperature
PERPETUA
ZINIA
HORTENSIA
ACACIA BLEND
C
cSt
cSt
cSt
cSt
35
145
280
45
4.4
50
65
105
24
3.3
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VISCOSITY OF THE BLEND MIOCENE+OLIGOCENE

Viscosity of the blend Miocene+Oligocene at 35C and 50.
The viscosity of the blend Miocene+Oligocene (40.9% Acacia, 5.9% Hortensia, 45.5% Perpetua, 7.7% Zinia) is calculated at 35C and at 50C, respectively, using equation 1. In addition
a third point has been extrapolated at 60C using the viscosity chart.
Temperature
Kinematic viscosity of
the Blend
Density
Dynamic viscosity of
the Blend
C
cSt
35
25.2
50
15.0
60
11.0
Kg/m3
cP
888.1
22.4
877.3
13.2
870.1
9.6
Adjustment of viscosity curves for the pseudo-components in Hysys for the blend Miocene+Oligocene.
In order to obtain a calculated stock tank viscosity as close as possible to the data of above table, the viscosity of the pseudo components from C6 to CN6 has been adjusted by trial and error (using a unique curve for all the pseudo).
The viscosity of the stock tank oil calculated by HYSYS takes into account the presence of the
light components as IC4, NC4, IC5, and NC5.
The viscosity points for the pseudo-component are given in the following table:
Temperature
(C)
35C
50C
60C
Viscosity of the blend

from estim ation
(cP)
22.4
13.2
9.6
Viscosity of the
blend calculated
by Hysys (cP)
22.6
13.1
9.6
Error
Hsys/Estimation
0.9%
-0.8%
0%
Viscosity of
pseudocomponents (cP)
25
16
10
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VISCOSITY OF MIOCENE ONLY

Viscosity of the blend Miocene only at 35C and 50.
The viscosity of Miocene only (13% Zinia, 77% Perpetua, 10% Hortensia) is calculated at
35C and 50C using equation 1. Using the ASTM chart, we have also determined the viscosity
at 60C and 70C (see appendix).
Temperature
Kinematic viscosity of
the Blend
Density
Dynamic viscosity of
the Blend
C
cSt
35
138.1
50
62.2
60
39
70
27
Kg/m3
cP
923.9
127.6
913.4
56.8
906.3
35.3
899.3
24.3
Adjustment of viscosity curves for the pseudo-components in Hysys for the blend Miocene only.
For each pseudo-component, the same viscosity curve has been given in Hysys and adjusted
by trial and error so that the viscosity of the stabilized blend given by Hysys is equal to the viscosity of the blend estimated using the ASTM chart (see table above).
Temperature
(C)
50
60
70
Viscosity of the
blend from estimation (cP)
56.8
35.3
24.3
Viscosity of the
blend calculated
by Hysys (cP)
56.8
35.8
24.2
Error
Hysys/Estimation
Viscosity of pseudocomponents (cP)
0%
1.4%
-0.4%
56.8
35
24
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VISCOSITY OF OLIGOCENE ONLY

Viscosity of Oligocene only at 35C and 50.
The viscosity of Oligocene only at 35C and 50C is available in section 9.1 for Acacia blend
and reported below. Using the ASTM chart, we have determined the viscosity at 40C (see appendix).
Temperature
Kinematic viscosity
Density
Dynamic viscosity
C
cSt
Kg/m3
cP
35
4.4
833.7
3.7
40
4.0
830.0
3.3
50
3.3
822.4
2.7
Adjustment of viscosity curves for the pseudo-components in Hysys for Oligocene

only.
For each pseudo-component, the same viscosity curve has been given in Hysys and adjusted
by trial and error so that the viscosity of the stabilized blend given by Hysys is equal to the viscosity of the blend estimated using the ASTM chart (see table above).
Temperature
(C)
35C
40C
50C
Viscosity of the
blend from estimation (cP)
3.7
3.3
2.7
Viscosity of the
blend calculated by
Hysys (cP)
3.8
3.4
2.8
Error
Hysys/Estimation
Viscosity of pseudocomponents (cP)
3%
3%
4%
4.9
4.2
3.5
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10. APPENDIXES :
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APPENDIX-A: MINUTES OF MEETING DATED ON 14TH OCTOBER AND 09TH

NOVEMBER 2005
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APPENDIX-B: VISCOSITY/TEMPERATURE CHARTS (ASTM D341)

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Issue For lnformation

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5. RESERVOIR FLUID PROPERTIES .........................................................................................7

7. MIOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING ......................................................................................... 11

10. APPENDIXES : ......................................................................................................................... 26

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Hysys Deviation with Field Data

(1) These deviations to be confirmed by Company based on PVT calculation results.

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0.9% (at 35C)

-0.8% (at 50C)

1.4% (at 60C)

-0.4% (at 70C)

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Property Package: Peng Robinson

Peng Robinson Options: Standard

EOS Enthalpy Method Specification: Lee Kesler

Liquid Densities: Smooth Liquid Density option has been selected.

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5. RESERVOIR FLUID PROPERTIES

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6. PSEUDO COMPONTENT ADJUSTMENT

CN6 Critical temperature in order to match the ACACIA2 saturation pressure

CN5 critical temperature for the Hortensia saturation pressure tuning

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7. MIOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING

Vol percentage in stock

The cascaded flashes of different reservoir fluids are defined as follows:

Stock Tank bara/C

As an example, Perpetua PT flashes are presented in the following figure:

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Step 2: Determination of the GOR adjustment on Miocene reservoir fluids

TOTAL Gas flowrate

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Step 3: Determination of individual Gas make-up on each Miocene reservoir fluid

STOCK TANK OIL

Specific contribution of reservoirs

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Step 4: Determination of the composition of the re-adjusted Reservoir Fluids

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8. OLIGOCENE BLEND GOR TUNING