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8.7
Dilations
Identify dilations.
Use properties of
dilations to create a real-life
perspective drawing in
Ex. 34.
GOAL 2
RE
FE
To solve real-life
problems, such as estimating
the height of the shadow of
a shadow puppet in
Example 3.
AL LI
GOAL 1
IDENTIFYING DILATIONS
1. If P is not the center point C, then the image point P lies on CP . The scale
CP
factor k is a positive number such that k = , and k 1.
CP
2. If P is the center point C, then P = P.
6
3
C
R
CP
CP
3
6
1
2
CP
CP
Reduction: k = }} = }} = }}
5
2
Enlargement: k = }} = }}
PQ
PQ
EXAMPLE 1
Identifying Dilations
b.
P
3
2
2
P
STUDENT HELP
Look Back
For help with the blue to
red color scheme used in
transformations, see
p. 396.
506
SOLUTION
CP
2
2
a. Because = , the scale factor is k = . This is a reduction.
CP
3
3
CP
2
b. Because = , the scale factor is k = 2. This is an enlargement.
CP
1
Chapter 8 Similarity
1
C
Page 2 of 8
In a coordinate plane, dilations whose centers are the origin have the property
that the image of P(x, y) is P(kx, ky).
EXAMPLE 2
Draw a dilation of rectangle ABCD with A(2, 2), B(6, 2), C(6, 4), and D(2, 4).
1
2
Use the origin as the center and use a scale factor of . How does the perimeter
of the preimage compare to the perimeter of the image?
SOLUTION
D
C
D A
A(2, 2) A(1, 1)
1 A
B(6, 2) B(3, 1)
O
C(6, 4) C(3, 2)
D(2, 4) D(1, 2)
From the graph, you can see that the preimage has a perimeter of 12 and the
image has a perimeter of 6. A preimage and its image after a dilation are similar
figures. Therefore, the ratio of the perimeters of a preimage and its image is equal
to the scale factor of the dilation.
ACTIVITY
Construction
Drawing a Dilation
C
1
locate P on CP so that
CP = 2(CP). Locate Q
CONSTRUCTION DRAWING
and R in the same way.
2
C
3
A D I L AT I O N
In the construction above, notice that PQR ~ PQR. You can prove this by
using the SAS and SSS Similarity Theorems.
8.7 Dilations
507
Page 3 of 8
GOAL 2
EXAMPLE 3
FOCUS ON
APPLICATIONS
RE
FE
L
AL I
SHADOW
PUPPETS
Some experienced
shadowmaster puppeteers
can manipulate over 20
carved leather puppets at
the same time.
S
C
shadow
puppet
light
source
shadow
P
The shadow puppet shown is 12 inches tall (CP in the diagram). Find the height of
the shadow, SH, for each distance from the screen. In each case, by what percent is
the shadow larger than the puppet?
a. LC = LP = 59 in.; LS = LH = 74 in.
b. LC = LP = 66 in.; LS = LH = 74 in.
SOLUTION
12
59
=
a.
SH
74
CP
LC
}} = }
SH
LS
S
C
59(SH) = 888
SH 15 inches
To find the percent of size increase,
use the scale factor of the dilation.
SH
CP
scale factor =
P
H
15
= 1.25
12
b.
66(SH) = 888
SH 13.45 inches
Use the scale factor again to find the
percent of size increase.
SH
CP
scale factor =
13.45
1.12
12
Notice that as the puppet moves closer to the screen, the shadow height decreases.
508
Chapter 8 Similarity
Page 4 of 8
GUIDED PRACTICE
Concept Check
Vocabulary Check
? to its preimage.
1. In a dilation every image is
2. ERROR ANALYSIS Katie found the
P
4
P
CP
4
5. If = , then PQR is (larger, smaller) than PQR, and the dilation is
CP
3
(a reduction, an enlargement).
Use the following information to draw a
dilation of rectangle ABCD.
Extra Practice
to help you master
skills is on p. 818.
IDENTIFYING DILATIONS Identify the dilation and find its scale factor.
8.
9.
6
14
P
24
P
FINDING SCALE FACTORS Identify the dilation, and find its scale factor.
Then, find the values of the variables.
10.
11. A
STUDENT HELP
16
HOMEWORK HELP
K y
32
28
x
K
25
10
14
A
8
D
B
8
E
10
8.7 Dilations
509
Page 5 of 8
13. k = 2
y
J
1
14. k = 31
15. k = 4
y
1
2
U
1
17. k = 3; Center: G
1
18. k = ; Center: H
2
19. k = 2; Center: E
H
G
F
SIMILAR TRIANGLES The red triangle is the image of the blue triangle
after a dilation. Find the values of the variables. Then find the ratio of
their perimeters.
20.
21.
C
12
30
9
Chapter 8 Similarity
C
9
15
510
9.6
12
8.4
Page 6 of 8
INT
STUDENT HELP
NE
ER T
HOMEWORK HELP
You are projecting images onto a wall with a flashlight. The lamp of the
flashlight is 8.3 centimeters away from the wall. The preimage is imprinted
onto a clear cap that fits over the end of the flashlight. This cap has a diameter
of 3 centimeters. The preimage has a height of 2 centimeters, and the lamp of
the flashlight is located 2.7 centimeters from the preimage.
24. Sketch a diagram of the dilation.
25. Find the diameter of the circle of
By adjusting the distance between the negative and the enlarged print in the
photographic enlarger shown, you can make prints of different sizes.
In the diagram shown, you want the enlarged print to be 7 inches wide (AB).
The negative is 1 inch wide (AB), and the distance between the light source and
the negative is 1.25 inches (CD).
C
light
source
negative
print
A
CD
AB
AB
29.
1.2 in.
7.2 in.
0.8 in.
30.
14 cm
2 cm
12 cm
31.
2 in.
10 in.
8.5 in.
8.7 Dilations
511
Page 7 of 8
FOCUS ON
CAREERS
32.
33.
34.
given steps.
RE
FE
L
AL I
ARCHITECTURAL
RENDERING An
INT
CAREER LINK
www.mcdougallittell.com
Test
Preparation
Connect the
preimage to the
image by darkening
the segments
between them.
Erase all hidden
lines.
enlargement; k = 2
1
3
enlargement; k =
1
reduction; k =
3
1
reduction; k =
2
D
2
C
E
F
reduction; k = 3
Challenge
3%
1
33%
3
12%
J
M
K
2
10
20%
300%
L
M
scale factor k. Describe the size and shape of this new image.
512
Chapter 8 Similarity
Page 8 of 8
MIXED REVIEW
USING THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM Refer to the
triangle shown to find the length of the missing
side by using the Pythagorean Theorem.
38. a = 5, b = 12
39. a = 8, c = 26
5
40. b = 2, c = 55
41. b = 1, c = 5
0
42. Find the geometric mean of 11 and 44. (Review 8.2 for 9.1)
DETERMINING SIMILARITY Determine whether the triangles can be proved
similar or not. Explain your reasoning. (Review 8.4 and 8.5)
43. A
34
44.
P
S
34
L
QUIZ 3
(Lesson 8.6)
AC
AB
1. =
CE
?
?
BD
2. =
CG
BF
EG
DF
3. =
AG
?
?
GA
4. =
DA
EA
B
D
C
E
In Exercises 5 and 6, identify the dilation and find its scale factor. (Lesson 8.7)
5.
6.
P
5
C
P
21
5
H
C
42
H
CJ
5
7. JKL is mapped onto JKL by a dilation, with center C. If = ,
CJ
6
513