Ans: It is defined as: the ratio between the size of image and size of object is called linear magnification. Q.2: Define angular magnification. Ans: It is defined as: the ratio between the angle formed at the eye by an object when it is seen through a lens and the angle formed by the object at the unaided eye. Q.3: How convex lens is used as magnifier? Ans: A convex lens of short focal length can be used as a magnifier if object is placed within its focal length. Q.4: What is resolving power of an instrument? Ans: The resolving power of an instrument is its ability to disclose the minor details of the object under observation. Q.5: Why would it be advantageous to use blue light with a compound micrscope? Ans: Because blue light is of short focal length, so it produces less diffraction, increases resolving power and more details of the object can be seen easily. Q.6: Why the image seen in a cheap microscope has coloured edges? Ans: The image seen in the cheap microscope has colored edges due to defect of the lens known as chromatic aberration. Lens is like a prism, when a white light is passed through a convex lens, it is dispersed into seven colors and makes the image colored. Q.7: If a person is looking through a telescope at a full moon, how would the appearance of the moon be changed by covering half of the objective lens? Ans: When objective lens is half covered the intensity of light becomes half. The person will be able to see the full moon but its brightness will reduce. Q.8: How the signal is transmitted through optical fibre. Ans: The signal of light through optical fiber can be transmitted in two ways: Total internal reflection Continuous refraction Q.9: What is least distance of distinct vision? Ans: The minimum distance from an eye at which small objects are clearly visible, is called least distance of distinct vision. It is denoted by d. Q.10: What is index of refraction? Ans: It is defined as the ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. Medium could be air, glass, water etc. Q.11: Define critical angle. Ans: It is the angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the rare medium is equal to 90o. Q.12: Define total internal reflection. Ans: When the angle of incidence becomes greater than the critical angle of that medium, the incident ray is reflected in the same medium, it is called total internal reflection.