Smoking

Tobacco has a large impact in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the big tobacco producer in world, and
tobacco becomes a major commodity giving effect in the Indonesian economy. Tobacco also provides job opportunities and
contributes to government income. There
manufactures. Although

are many people working as tobacco farmers and labourers in cigarette

tobacco has a positive impact but the government should restrict the development

of tobacco in Indonesia.
Tobacco is used to make a cigarette containing more than 7,000 chemicals and more 70% of them are
known to cause cancer. The effect of smoking a cigarette is very serious especially for our health. It can
harm our vital organs. When we are smoking, we inhale many chemicals that harm our vital organs like

lungs, trachea, bronchus, esophagus, oral, cavity, lip, etc. The worst effect of smoking causes a
death.
Based on evidence of carcinogenicity study reported tobacco contains many chemicals which are
known to cause cancers. (Report on Carcinogens 2005, 408). Tobacco kills more than the combination of
AIDS, legal drugs, illegal drugs, road accidents, murder and suicide. (Mackay & Eriksen 2002, 36).
Moreover according to the World Health Report 1999 a considerable number of deaths would be
prevented and tobacco related deaths would be halved if most of the adult smokers quit smoking over the
next 20 years. People who begin smoking early have a greater risk of lung cancer compared to those who
begin smoking at a later age as a result of the cumulative exposure. (Colditz & Hunter 2000, 7.)
Tobacco causes an addiction because it contains a nicotine. Addiction is a condition that results when a person
ingests a substance (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, nicotine) or engages in an activity (e.g., gambling, sex, shopping) that
can be pleasurable but the continued use/act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life
responsibilities, such as work, relationships, or health. (http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/addiction). Many
smoker do not know that they are addicted to tobacco. They think they can stop smoking easily, but the fact it is very
hard to stop smoking. Smokers have an uncontrolled desire to smoke by this addiction.

Nicotine is like heroine and cocaine addiction in some ways because it is a psychoactive drug. It is also
considered as a reinforcing drug, which is the reason why the smoker finds it hard to quit. Due to the
reinforcing effect, most smokers may find it difficult to stop smoking. Cigarette smoking can be described
as a physical and psychological addiction. (Becket 2004, 12.)

Nicotine causes reliance by providing centrally mediated reinforcing effects, by controlling elements
such as body weight and mood in a manner that is considered useful or pleasing by the tobacco user and
by causing a physical reliance such that abstinence may result in unpleasant symptoms (Jiloha 2008, 129).