The next article talks about the artificial diamonds but the process that Im

going to describe in the chart is in this video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PILlP_yDZ2o

Manufactured Diamonds
Because they are the hardest substance found in nature, diamonds can be useful in many
applications. However, the rarity of diamonds makes it cost prohibitive to use natural diamonds.
Nevertheless, the market system has prompted companies to find ways to create artificial diamonds
for use in industrial applications.
Artificial diamonds are made in a factory that mimics the natural production of diamonds. Just as in
nature, the process begins with carbon. The artificial production of diamonds began with a man
named Henri Moissan in 1893 who created the first primitive man-made diamonds. In 1892,
Moissan theorized that by crystallizing carbon under pressure from molten iron he could make
diamonds. To this end he designed and developed the electric-arc furnace, which could attain
temperatures up to 3,500 C. With this he was able to make tiny artificial stones. 1
Tremendous as this discovery was, large scale production of artificial diamonds was still in the
future. Many scientists and engineers replicated these ideas, making adjustments to produce better
quality results. It was not until 1954 that the first commercially available man-made diamonds were
produced. This development amazed the general public. In spite of the greater availability of
diamonds, however, the prices did not rapidly decline as might have been expected, because the
man-made diamonds were manufactured primarily for industrial applications and because the size
of man-made diamonds have for many years been very small.

High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT)

Even so, a great demand for artificial diamonds spawned a plethora of companies to mass produce
them. Today there are two primary ways companies produce artificial diamonds. The most obvious
is the High Pressure High Temperature method, or HPHT. This is the least expensive method. As
might be expected, HPHT replicates the natural process of the earth by putting very high
temperatures and pressures onto carbon. Since this process is so highly temperamental,
companies have studied and fine-tuned the process over a period of many years. A belt press is
normally used; anvils bring the required pressure and a heating current. Steel bands maintain the
internal pressure that is needed.

Chemical Vapor Deposition

The second process used to make artificial diamonds is called Chemical Vapor Deposition or
CVD. This is a revolutionary form of diamond making that has been turning a lot of heads. It
involves sending carbon and hydrogen gases into a chamber. The chamber contains heating
elements such as filaments and microwaves. The gas is broken down. Then the usual heat and
pressure are applied. CVD has been generating excitement in the diamond making field because it
allows manufacturers more control over the process. Also, larger diamonds can be made using this
method.

Although it sounds quite simple, applying heat and pressure, Making diamonds is a highly
complicated process that requires the right chemistry to be applied. A lot of research goes on
behind the scenes to perfect the artificial diamond making process. CVD is also a fairly costly
process, which causes companies to return to the less appealing HPHT process.
Nevertheless, new processes like CVD, and using seed diamonds grafted with molten graphite put
under pressure, have begun to produce gem sized artificial diamonds. This may create a revolution
in the diamond industry. Today the argument is rising over the relative value of artificial versus
mined diamonds. In fact, there is no real difference on the chemical and structural levels. The
difference is in how they are acquired. Manufacturers of diamonds are trying to get away from the
term "artificial". They want to call these new gems "cultured".
In an interesting sidenote: artificial diamonds may even replace silicon in microchips because
diamonds will not overheat under almost any condition that a computer might be put through.

http://www.indepthinfo.com/diamonds/artificial.htm

NON-NOMINALIZED STEPS
1 A diamond seed enveloped in
graphite and ceramic is introduce
in a machine
2 The junker inside the machine
apply a pressure of 58000atm to
graphite
3 The graphite in the interior is melt
increasing up of temperature
4 Carbon atoms bind to the surface of the
diamond seed.
5 Four days after cover is removed
6 The external ceramic layer is broken
7 Metal is removed with hydrochloric acid

NOMINALIZED STEPS
Introduce of a diamond seed
enveloped in graphite in a machine
Apply of the Junker inside the machine
a pressure of 58000 atm to graphite
Increase of temperature graphite in
the interior is melt
Bind of the carbon atoms to the
surface of the diamond seed
Remove of cover four day after
Broke of the external ceramic layer
Remove of metal with hydrochloric acid