Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
l\.rrLrlW
Developing $houjo
Manga Techniques
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Face
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lllanga Techniques
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Shinichi lshioka
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nlt trtrE HlIi]ation may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means mrc.to*d" ildrlding photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and
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I 01 -0064
+81 (0)3-3292-041 0
Table of Gontents
1x: >r. +
-r', Tt I
:,:r:, .::.:
:-=::
Seer irom a Vailety of Angles/Balance Between Head and Neck/Let's try giving characters expressions!/How to Draw Hair
of Common Mistakes
Lines)
..........77
Special Effects Used in Girls' Comics 1/Appeal of Characters/Something only possible in a girls' comic! Demands made 0n the
coy!/Psychological Characterization
Choose a subject (genre)!/Example of Romance Comic/Hints for Siories/How to Make the Story Development lnteresting/Element of Surprise .
lAttracting the Reader)/Growth and Development ofthe Heroine/Special Effects Used in Girls' Comics 3
Manuscripts.....................
..........112
Writing a PloVStoryboarding/lnner Margin and Bleeding/Speech Balloons and Letter Size/How to Draw a Two-Page Spread/Borders, Speech
Balloons, and Drawn Letters/Frame Allocation/Picture Composition/Shift of Scenery/Page Turningishot Types,A/antage Point and Angle in Scenes
Pen Work
t-
v\1
Chqpfer
FlowbDrqw
Position of Ears
Good
[*l"arle
t!-.
be
-
female
Front Side
Not good
ffi-m
Draw outline.
The lenqth ot
lhe face ie
aboul lhe
same ae thaL
of the handl
--e
s
:pposrte cheekbone
-rrf,Cefl bY
the
nOSe.
The
eyebrows
TA{
,
-,)
arenot\/
visible. (
\
I
?I
;i::i[l /"1 \
Iffi,il\
Neither the'
eyelashes nor
the nose is
visible.
is
not
visible.
The mouth
position.
wrong!
Face in Profile
Line around
eyebrow
Line under
nose
thin.
Looking Back
Her neck is
to the
point of being
scary!
Not good
Looking Up
YAAHH
i
T
-/
[fl
Looking Down
t/1
Not good
qq$ffirs
The far eye is smaller.
,'kt"
-/
@
.
'.f
:l
<-The tails
of ------>j
the eyes and
. -- rk
cheeks are
:-l
thin people.
--e amount of hair
:ioreases with age.
low.
Middle-aged woman
line.
wrinkles.
The shoulder
line is also
lower.
Neck muscle
Elderly woman
Middle-aged man
Smile
<-- He appears to
be bursting out
laughing.
Grin
?)
,l
rnese ora/wn
Standard smile
\,
letters convey
an outburst of
laughter.
dY
v
AHH
r'
Teary eyes
Add slanted
lines and tone
to the iace.
Looking down
Tears of joy
\_-_,
Troubled look
10
'' makes
Adding a
the character
,ngr.
' 1/"\
=-..*'
----,<;.look
i -\i,
i'tut/{' \
lfL,
Jl
Turn-down of
the mouth
-11
''
aan
--2
:::h.
1\
,t\1
\
A
hQ..
.Hmph
tried
drawing
fangs.
EE?
Vertical lines on
face (turn ashen)
Cold sweat
Oamn il,l
-'is
The eyes
are dots.
:-rnking.
Absentminded
\\ou
can do irl
11
Straight Hair
Adding a few stray hairs
will make the hair look
natural
iro@il
\
Lurse head
rri'
',\
k;;-.,
',\,
?en f,o uee
ia the
Kound-pen
Act
-..-r^
\
/T\-
Not good
12
-=-,
("re
it appears to be
wrapping around
the other side.
narrow).
drawn in Step 2. A
thin brush is best.
Use a stiff
brush where
@@
No
sheen
-*-
Add white or
leave some
white in the
shape of the
sheen.
Animation style
13
Permed Hair
Hold the pen lightly and draw in a relaxed
and nimble fashion in order to get the fluffy
look of a perm.
it\\
Hair is thin
at ends.
Hold the pen lightly
and draw with a flick
the closer you get to
the end of the hair.
The lines will be
Shaded portion
igni'e:
It is also good to
add tone to some
parts.
portion
- Shon Halr
---
The facial
expression
differs
depending on
the forelocks.
Sheen like
an angel's
halo.
l
::
sheen by scraping
tone.
and
15
Other Hairstyles
be gure to
keep uV wiLh
Ihe lateef,
hairetyleol
Make sure the
hair looks braided.
Pay attention
tofie - -a
tro*oilnrna,i
/'
,z jA.
It is best for females to have a headtobody ratio of 1:7 or 1:8 (the character
The hair volume is
separate from the headto-body ratio,
below is 1:7).
/atlhe
ltfllllilillr
f|ia
iltLlllllli
[iifr]
l.rirtiE
-A
.a--.<-
-&"<S>so
-@_.
a-2?-
'./+>
,r'-5
>)--;3
aa)2v.rt,
V2
".r47
ffi
:o"
z
Are you
ourprioed?
school
1:7)
Center of Gravity
This shoulder is
raised.
It
ia
true
Weight rests on
lhat lhere
are ?oeaa
Nhaf, are
only poeeible
tn comtce,
20
i:3)
ilE\
sta
'
:afss a
rlct r
rda
+.-
[l
lrlnde
Center
oraw a rough
sketch. @
6
5
4
3
2
1
,mn:,ffiI'w9!
l- "..........
4..
.. a a. a a.
o. a a. a a. a t..
a...
a....
a..
a. a 3
21
[eft
Pay attention to
the movement
of the chest.
(t
X\
l?)
VLJ
tfl
H1
\1\
W
\il
N
tr
The hair
---*
sEeams back.
fie
is running
character
fa$.
tn ;
wr[in-s
Both knees
locked.
'l|li'
l)lill lllllllillli*
ri::r lilIi
'llrriililrii
lllLl
ri*
:*
llllrilii!Ji:
rrurlfT.
is on the
ground at all
times.
When takinq a
f
{'y
\
Lheee
tha|
lor
walkinq
looke
uncoordinated,
.t
streams back.
\
This looks unnatural.
_"+-
--r-:-
I
I
-.1
---"
-,
-l
="::iView
-a
,/
A Variety of Actions
24
Middle finger
lillllru{flflfirrrlmtturry
1lluffififltilrflqili rMtrrMT'Ii
Itlffillffif,ill
Little finger ,
-l
l-x
a{/ni---{.t
/\
/\
-{
indicates joints.
ryr.qntrmwff*e
]llllln]l''lilffilm
exception).
sised
r,'ell.
,lir*
25
Common Mistake
Male hande have
oharV
joinlo and
muscles.
The lonq,lhin
finqero ol
females are
beauLiful,
t,1l
26
il@nmlmtmrn of
milmn
mmrmtakes
r ./
It is unnatural for
the left shoulder
to be higher than
the right one.
:.
-n'ilh.'ry'
,,mi*-=:,
\Lz^ *
j -\- if
f-*
*^'
,,'r.==:4
=
e line/l,\\
Correct
- _:
fr;_."-',', i
flffiH, mrmt^A;i'
Position of Shoulders
Not good
Good
(
(
[)
The thighs
\
/
hl/
/\
The shoutder is
T toohish.
Raised Arm
Not good
The elbow is
too high.
It looks like
there is no
shoulder joint.
27
differs
B6
f'lN=/
q#*J
";;\
r\"$M1"
\,li.r-27
of
AN
Corsage
Kimono (long-sleeved
The
left o
right.
Enlarged
illustration
l1-l:=:ilTl
,l
I1 ' ,.'.::',l:rr.l
I
ll
tt
tt
|
::, ::l
Print
Fur, imitation
fur
Gingham check
-/-
Sleeve
tr
-t-/
v
"
I tr
:]ililt1ittt!,iltr
llllll
-rlt
-/' -.-
l!: /i:en
the
flrrr*:
Steeve
---t
^
'\
t+
t
rr3?[
@
An
{,Ul
\/
)-jI
r-1
Faf
Jeans rendered
with a pen.
Striped T-shirts
1'-qi
I" q,,
7'
",:
::pes
Good
29
Wrinkles in
\__._
to use too
many wrinkles. lt will look
overdone.
Be careful not
Tight-fitting slacks
will have fewer
wrinkles. There will
be some near the
knees.
30
-,Jn
s{. dS
''rtfi::*
-.II'
I lXrrnllilllilll llliil
straight up.
Sitting on heels
Sun glasses/GIasses/Caps
Do
theee
took
Draw the
stems so
that they
lean toward
the eyes.
tame?
32
\F4
4q
33
^^
.2)
|
I
Think abouL
.aa 5'nave
1a araw a
e
Whala
VeroVecNive
?erc?e:.
when drawinq
<.--.ch?
backgrounde.
'R.
D,l
almoophere.
You can also
look af,
pho\oe.
Teropecbive ie lhe Nechnique ol
reVreeenting the opaiial relaNion
ol
nearby biqqe"
and objecto n
away omalle'
.-$'a-UUHH
)
i -i
to'can
ta
/ ,/
J4
ffiUrmrrrrffi
I will explain
il in a way
lhat io eaoy
tro undersland.
--lffiipum
+
You can see in perspective
A t all pereon ie
in Lhe back.
ffi
to comprehend.
oint
oint
perepealive, and threect|ve:
er ep
erep ealive, tw o-
on
e - p
perepealive.
-_=___
is
35
Gre-Paint Perspective
This is convenient for drawing pictures that show depth. You
establish one vanishing point and draw depth lines toward the
vanishing point (it is called one-point perspective because the
lines all converge on one point).
JO
Good example
By way of experiment, draw characters in
perspective with the eyes of the characters at
eye level (assuming they are the same
height). The position of the eyes stays the
same no matter how small the character is.
Poor example
lf you draw a character in perspective relative
to the hallway and eye level and the
character do not go together, the character
will look very tall.
ffit
ffi
;t
iffi lliilrll"riimmr
size of characters.
]mm
rffiliillrliiiii:illlll,,
-ll-:r-
-l
\---/
(t
1t,
i-
4LTi
-:
-:
\"\ \
The lines will meld
;<!l
Good Example
Ceiling Lights
lillll0l
lr[
37
For insNance,
takeLhetoV of
lhe desk.lN will
look oquaehed
if the depth
lines are nol
correcN.
r----
/R;x"',
J-W Ps,",'
"_f".
,/
l\./ )j,
,,
,,+D.
oCube
Before we move on to twopoint perspective, let's
fam liarize ourselves with
low and high angles.
i
0ne-point perspective
[_l
!=J
Lowangte
High angle
I
38
mry1
i1611fl, llflllt,lsrrrilflfllifq
-l-t;
t-qlfi -:r:
llllllltl'ttqlg11ffiilllllllllllllnp
F
:':i[,, r,.
-'
:llit"rfir'
,l -
.111,.."-"'l:rIullll
.dL
rrilrfllt]
rrrllllii
rl
Ong@
3O1l
;: _ ^.
:,--
:e nned
haS
r -"-:-
ald62;
-t! I
rl11r
llil
-.r_
:,.
,1, ri
:,-
,,r:11!lllllil illill,
:,1
-f
' I :,
.,1:
-Cer, think of
;-::-ally
being
.Cylinder
- :r:':: af0und.
rlLli.
Eye level
(n0flz0n)
B
_u/
39
Good example
Poor example
ln the case of two-point perspective, there is a tendency to
want to include two vanishing points in a frame, but if you do
so the drawing will look very different from what the human
eye would see.
used to make it look like a wide-angle lens has been used (it is
normally best for the perspective to look natural).
+(-j
trffilirp
trfttA
Vanishing
point
da
ffi.
rfi
The
re
b fie horizon),
B
,r"'
Eye level
Eye level
42
Ir",ffirr
rttfltilliltliltuttutlititiiirttlEl,[
]?r,r
-t
perspective. ln other
*'
,rrrrrrfilllilluru,, tlltlttrh",:rl
:enpective can be used for
lilrilririiirflrts,,;
ffiM&mullltll
;ii- I sQuare that is parallel to
'$1, illllillllxllllillll,l :rur,t*:i- rt perspective is used for
,iMuriilrNil iilil Urlril[
:]rrE*:i:
lillfi(tllr|::iullfi illlllliiiiiifll
liiifll]]tl|ltnlfluflrititr
illl
'1,::;iilllllllllllrlllllll
firi-T
tLr{
E',:
rlillll[illlillllllliiiiillTlT lllri
llllr' :rl
:E-i['*::Ve
Seem tO be
ltililii:ar[ il:,_c of drawing, but
.n]ilfi
ilrLrr
fllflllllllilillrrr
ifr
I'r'i
: faWi
g.
43
Eye level
height.
! , ,fr
Eye level
WJ'
H
Fii
i:
raqq.:
lffi
window drawn in
perspective.
rlilMfllllilrflffirilflMm6
llllllllfiifiIllrilllllllllffi
rflmTrulr
6 opened...
s-
Think
about the
thickness
of the
wall.
View <-----,-
lncorrect Example
|---]----l
Not good
tl
\
rllrltilillil$frtilTflillllliltlllrr
Good
milriruuf,xlllilmilii
{ttflllffimrrlntrm
iflm!1rililrilllllllfl
*N*K*K-il
f
rMmiftr,illtmm
3
i,mtffi
rffiilrm
lmlfim m
t
lvt
/t\l *M*M-ru
"1-7
---"'"4
truun
mp*
equal
EIEItr
Low Angle
Eye level
Leads to point C.
46
il,ll'$rt*"
lli"'lfli'll1l|l
'rll[{ti;.li l
olllll' lfllll
flrllJlii
Lhr e e- ? oi nt,
e r a e ctiv e, Ih e
?
?
van\eh\nq ?olnLo lA,, b, and C)
never fall wilhin tha frame.You
rllll'
'
lnll
ra
.--x :.-.,t'',
,rl
have
ii
ftnee-Poi nt Perspective
:r
I m :e ow the picture.
Eye level
-) -
- -^il
':a
place vaniohing
47
F.h.stafrphs
lc
.+8
473
-./-/'
.Ll"n
in the lines, fill in the solids, and make corrections with correction
Then apply tone and you are finished.
'ud.
49
fr
um
50
ril|ffIl,fl,lrtiltrlIlt]]lltnilItiltfl',*rqre
E?ra
lel Perspective)
These lines do
not converge
on a vanishing
point. They are
parallelwith
eye level.
lf you think of
this section as
being depicted
in one-point
perspective, it
can be said to
be the same
as Figure 1.
These lines
converge 0n a
vanishing poini
Figure 3
r,,'.--:,e
rrr li 1 ;:
r, r ft l-r -
Point A
COrfeCtS it.
stare
will look
,ri
,:'r
riiir':.iirii
"
il
::
'1
.-: 6 The
Point
Figure 5
/\
/ I 4et it, The \
I brain
\
\ compenoatee
l
\on the fly. /
-------L---'/
rrealitythe
r:lre
tt
looking up at
the ceiling.
looks likg
theory
nr
Ir ,,
, : ,,:iry about as
' ,il
:,:
iS natufal.
Figure 6
5t
Vanishing point
Draw an oval by
drawing a line
(B) that crosses
at a right angle
the perspective
line (A) that
leads to the
vanishing point.
---^\-6---qr-Z
] --'--,--
tl)
-!/-
To
@
\a]
*
={,p {'r'
vanishing
point
\- -\
To vanishing poi
Poor Example
52
I had be:'
drawin4
circles
a'
Point C
Background Technigues
lncorrect Example
Many people
cannot draw this
curved porlion.
*'-
*n*
\l,
,,
:]
'
l
lr
rrrrllr
they
55
56
rmml[hkrilnFmfit
,,",1$1-,rt*
Lmrmul
mFluil0flillllm
ilmllnlllllMr
IEWdrve
MA
ffifitm
Iltumllllmffi
twtr d
oval.)
rc
-
@
ffimmfl$r fte angle that you want the door to
ilo'
Llmmn
tllllillfrr
rd
mrr
d he
circle.
line touches
lllllllfiP
m.
57
Thickness
@Oraw
of door
flfor
riir
the thickness.
door).
thickness here.
l/
To
point
Eye level
58
Tc point
LiillllMmmrffi
l{@nil 6t $rould be
r
rxtlnffi'tflililr
liitllt
dr#
hdf he height of
mCIh).
Point
*{lllllllltru
flnlllllllfllfltr,@
tffiflfllF
lhus
in
;Wnese
Ms
nrnmbrs
d!
59
Look aN
lhe
VicNure on
the
determine Nhe
anqle of
riirlllxu
liit!)rulr-
'ir x-l
it;rlliilllurililtil-1gf
-!
To vanishing
point
To point D
To point C
To point
,lliuil
:i:]r:
ln Ine
To vanishing
point B at
eye level
Vertical lines converge
on vanishing point c.
61
Vertical line
Horizontal line
other.
Horizontal line
Eye
level
This pad is
visible becar
ln the case of low-angle stairs, pay
attention to the pafts that are not visiblel
overlapping
---'-_-.=\
il ie eaey once
you learn the
lheory.
t\
\_\_,___-/
"1'
"liutitlir:,,
I
Liili
"
:e
height of
lliir'"''"
lir1,:r":: nkaboutthe
and the vertical
,-r"'-'nding the vanishing
'"*
-,-1 being obsessed with
lri,
it, ',r i""Y :'the sloping road.
ir
r,
'r
:-
-\x\ ->
/
tel
ln(
0ne-Point Perspective
63
i How
to Draiiu:,Natural'sbieet$l
You need
to
-?
-N"ffrr
..r\\$
C*"*,
33.\Y--?
.*l
.)i,\!Jrs {
Not good
\Sr*t
\\\\\
Not sood
'rr\\r .
--\1,t\\\\
.ll],t
Good
easier to rendi'
softness.
Think of a thicket as a
single mass while being
"/"-
When drawing : m
adding rhythn .:;
variation make.
Realistic Tree
Comical Style
1.. j
l: )..''.i,1
ilr],:j-.,i:;:-
.,,;\r
,i
'
'-',,.;,;,:.
.'':.1:;', ,r':.
l"
It is boring when
symmetrical or ti'
"
shape is repeate:
"ahrral touch.
Realistic Style
ilr;l .i
r\
/tr
Ju
/,L,;,',,,
i,,;l:,t
. "'
:\
;t_trD
fr
"\\
I r?:
ri
65
lc 244
ln the morning and afternoon, it is
darker indoors. Clouds reflected
window panes can be drawn bV
scraping.
in [g
6
ffi
Afternoon -The
clouds v,n
scraped using the middle or r
of the cutter blade.
Letra 121 1, 61, 684, 704, ar,:
tc 244
66
m{l
:.
",.,
'.
1.
.'"
.';
:,-
.,"
::< designish.
.
t.'
.':d
0r
Near (light)rFar (dark)
Objects far away are often lightened when blurred.
Letra 1210, 684,and754
lC 418 and 244
t'
r'
,ty
,r,^')
-v
;4
"f
1_i
,,,Y,
/-,
)Iy
i ti
fl
i'
'i /,,i
"t
/.
::|
ii
.t i
:._
illliiiiil.::"
-:
";,"asplacedinanofthodoxmanner.Nearbyobjectsareclearwhileobjectsinthedistancearelightorblurred,
I
picture perspective. Objects very nearby were made light in this drawing, but it is alright to
67
:.y'
I rr,
'. ;'t:.
.r.-.r.i:._: i. .
L4-
.fit
I
., \ ,+*f'-4
)lw'
;tr
otl
,,,it,i
d:l
.1,f
gt:
^_f,
LV
',_:: :'at
::. :':--a
--
--E sun's rays are intense in the summer, so make the shadows darkish. The sky
s :so dark. Clouds are white and clear. We wanted to make the sky high and
"ra
1-
!77 and676
69
ffiF
r
t-)
fu I
&
fi
4
:,.---'
B
ffi
F}.
C LJr'
-?
---_-_- -l
Fall
I
I
f::
The sun's rays in the fall are soft and shadows are long.ln this
Orawing, mesh was used forthe shaded portions of the buildings to
create a soft feeling.
Letra 1210 and 61
lC 418, 452, 477, and 676
'r)r
Double gradation was applied for the sky and clouds. Pla
seasonal flower in the foreground.
Letra 786
lC 418 and 477
71
rely on dialog.
:)
T
I
t\
.1,\i
,-(
Jr(
.4\ i'
i .'
'u
l,i
,r(
l^ \\'
|
Depiction of soms'
drenched by rain.
i ,.t ----..
l/ut(Ntr,r\
2
d\
Sag3";
due
weig-
wate'
7A
Depiction of State of Mind Using Wind
is effective if used in a comic way for
:mes when things do not turn out as
:xpected or when a cold draft blows through
:e heart of the character.
kp
'rihis
\ry-7
at
Winter Feeling
a
Have the character hunch over
to depict the cold.
73
'
r'r:harulef.
. Triple Mesh
How to Draw the
Double Mesh
. Single
-l
Mesh
Good Example
Poor
Example
I-YII
l'l
- .I
'-...
,l
Ii''r''-r\i' ri]!. fl
[;
l
I
equal distance
apart. The
thickness of the
lines should also
be the same.
the lines
lines, make
sure
do
unltorl
I
I
t__
I
. Ouadruple
Mesh
Completed Mesh
(Triple Mesh-r0uadruple Mesh)
Poor Example
Draw lines at a
90-degree angle to
:le single mesh
two lines.
Double Mesh
Good Example
ffi
W
:;:dom
Mesh
- --'.li<r:
_
l'rt;
-rir!-'
by
ly staggering each line.
,:-a
-,
r this example).
Bad Example
ln this kind of situation, you should fill in the
gaps between squares later.
"
r,
75
Make the
lines the
same
___>-
:-
thickness and
as parallel as
possible.
t
Draw by
staggering
lines lightly at
an angle less
than 45
degrees.
t
o Gradation from Solid Black to Rope
You are free
to choose the
flow of the
rope pattern.
t
It will look
nice if the
tone matches
throughoui.
Use of rope. Gradually make it lighter by widening the
gap between lines.
lrregular Ropee
76
"
: ! ack Flashes
'
'..
lines in a
in the direction
itl
r ,,:
,
:n
lhtl!fromthe
-"e flash will be
"
Parallel Lincs
fluid.
Relax
at
and
E.
t
When you use a drafting
pen or ink pen, always
turn the ruler upside
down (wipe any ink off
Good
Not good
77
1,,
i//
lt ///
,ll
,/
' /rt-
-?7
__-:
-::
Cutting
Bad Example
Tone Flash
ruler 1oo.
78
E-
slainless ekl
A curved rule was used for this drawing. Make sure the
width of the streamlines is not too orderly.
Good Example
Poor Example
''ltl
This effect was created using finetip pens (0.8, 0.3, 0.1,
and 0.05). The solid black portion was determined in
advance. We drew dots starting with a thick pen and
gradually changing to thinner and thinner pens. The solid
black was applied last. You can add correction fluid later if
you want.
*See
the following page.
79
SLipVlin4
lakeo lime.
but il is fun
Things to Prepare
Round-pen-lt
takes a long
time, but you
can draw a very
detailed picture.
Who dio
this to
is smooth, but be
careful because it
dries slowly.
drawin4l
my
Drawing Pen
(0.05 - 0.1 mm)You can draw
relatively round
dots in a uniform
manner.
Trick to Mastering
f/akelhe
Dots drawn with
\
Aiatance between \ a Round-pen
Stippling
dola and lhe aize
of dots aa
Enlarged View
I
uniform aa
/
Voeeiblel
/
Good Example
Dots drawn
with a drawing
pen
Poor Example
'
/t\
Oh, my.
NexN
are
eome
exarrt/ee
\
ol"
Black to Stippling
1
SLt9altna. /
"/
\_-/
:I
dots are
closer
a
7he io crawlinq
und,er a rock.
"
togetherthe
closer they
get to the
solid black.
iiti;
lluriiiir
ll1ll
:,:::
fnages.
An
atr
i;:
l:'
il
a LI A
makes interesting
tr . !dialogue
balloons.
Atr
au i
];i:
..t,,t
11'r
'
'I
was
":
mist in
" :.nple.
,ir .:":C,)
B1
Good Example
Watch
Poor Example
for
l;
pat:
that yoL
forgot
complc*
filled in
mlll
black.
'
--t
Use correction
background
and drawn
correctin-
letters overlap
fluid for
and are
difficult to see.
spilled c$fll
lrregular black
area.
into
ang1rli*
is no good.
Oil on you'
Apply ink
hands repel
evenly.
ink.
Paint the
edges with a
thin brush.
old
up
Note
Prepare separate
ln order io extend
and conection
the longevity of
on the
Do not use
with a thick
brush.
because
settle
bottom.
Conection fluid t
dries easily, so
conection fluid if
:,:r
'ii
'
a"
Note
Not good
good
\\
..6
ryt
'- :
-.
ffii
\xx
r)\
too thick.
barely visible.
persistently.
:i,uid Black
Lettering sol (lt
dries quickly.)
Kaimei lndia ink (lt
Choose an ink to
is a very smooth
which conection
fluid can be
to use.)
& ilffiii',lI--oE'
l'""::*, -'
Brushpen
&
applied.
}n'H
"/
{h:Pning
Correction ink (lt is designed
Glass rod
easy to use.)
tr**e1{
.:,;';;{11
r\NDNI
Line brush (thin)
mEr,,
83
applyinglcul,ting
pointinq
the blade
here, riqhL?
ltl:,:,::t:t::l:: ::l:l::t:::tll:l:1:l:!:i(
ts After
pressing down
on it lightly, cut
girl's uniform,
carefully
without
Do not remove
Not good
i\
,,"\
t___l
lf you
accidentallY
El
tr
the
back paPer.
Rub hard
with a spatulate
-;-
object to finish.
lf you rub lightlY
...you can
on the middle of
remove lt using
the clothing in
adhesive taPe.
84
-:l,r'ls to N0te
:i:
.. .r
For blurring, cut diagonally just like mesh at about an angle of 20-30
degrees. The mesh gets finer as it nears the white area,
:i
l-.
o Points to Note
after Tone
Scraping
'::d.
.
tt
- nof, overuge
-rc.Think abouf,
:-zcf,s LhaL
"-tch
lhe elyle of
apply correction
fluid.
re:
85
-.', .-, * :: ,. ci tne cutter blade or the wide back of the blade was used to scrape the tone. First, the general
:-a:.,',::.i'aced
:::. ,':-:
usrngwidestrokes(atthisstagethereisnoneedtowonyaboutunevenness).Then,usingthe
Clouds
using a kind of hitting and scratching motion. Special attention was paid to
:;r:,er
:a-,1
Gauze
m;:
li: , masking film and cut out the shape of a heart. Put
I ':e lndia ink on a toothbrush, spread it lightly with
rr:r;-'ngel, and cover with a tissue. Use paper when you
'rE,i 1o masking film.
ffi
ffi
r-::tively.
87
Put tone
is <l
bright.
:"a:a:icaily
'
r.al-:
Roses
--tes
(p
::"
hy
.t;,1 -ti.r
-ii'r
-ti*
-t:n
X
Uf
',
' !\r
i\',"
"a
':) I l'
\r-{
{ ,:{\-.
Peonies
lc s-679
@x .ru
'o\-
" ln)
'
\ti\l
\!' \rr.
)1)(--r- "^lV"\
-\
v'\-u
-\.-.\'
\ -)-
"k (Se,qP:
@ )\t'( F
\-\,":
" \s--
1'-==- -
89
Chqpter
3
WilMwn-,
b*\v*w(
w@5,)0'N
w\
-{
o,o
,h
/f-u)) -./\
,i-'1
f
/
lFl
,----'(
,a/ --'
wanl to
d,raw a
inspiration you
cute
need.
(cool) qirl
(orv)!
"
Preh^,
.,1"
",Le,
wom._ "
would
be
adversity in sports,
toa
Car auch a
lhinq
't
lo
be allowt
hapVen?
l,
I
.:
R
d
decided on the
characters, think aboul
parameters and
characteristics of the
characters.
t,
',,,\,,
Yi
f:+
St character parameters.
,r,,1-r
,:t'1r
rlu
Can draw.
Example of Gir!
Name:
Problem:
I've keep
Lellinqyou
LhaNlhave
nalurally
curly hair,
Element of Surprise
The element of surprise can
involve the dreams, personality,
hobbies, or environment
surrounding a character. Making
use of one of these areas in the
lf you go overboard with
character parameters, the
story will end up just being a
narrative. Do not use any
more parameters than are
necessary to the story.
lNlurns out
lhal sheis
bad al
oVof,o,
93
Example of
Name: John Doe
a-:
Personality: He is energetic
cheerful. 0n the
Element of
Surprise
He is a fan of the
outside he appe:":
Takarazuka Revue.
truth he has
optimistic, but ri
a
nervous disposi: : -
Problem:
:r
divorcing.
Depicting
Characters
Think about the
inner
characteristics of
characters and not
just physical
attributes.
SpecialSkills
of
4.-r
D99999V9V99999999VVa
> Special Effects Used in Girls' c
c
Comics 1
3
D A6A6AA6a6AAA6ooooo
ti"'
r:
*,
-:"
l:S
,',
/-/-'\\
u)t
Clooe
^(ff)
your
eye0,
\
,/,
',;, 1
{.'.:
..,:,
lavinq
is ng in any Location
aevera
//4
=l:t
t,\
95
Appeal of Characters
Once you have set simple parameters for a
character, think about the appeal of the character.
Appeal lies in the personality and actions of the
character.
1.
-
r/
l
ideas may be
--\'
different, but...
uui,,,n
shFfltlH
uffi*
'-mt' \
f$e4Sf,=-fl I
't!/
Types of Males
who are Popular
rOrthodox Type
This type is good at
sports, gets good
grades, and is
popular with the
in Girls' Comics
oirls. He understands \
I
the feelings of
the
leading character. He
will protect only one
person.
fi,,
{ K/
ir(
\/
after me.
fruryon,
.,,be
fashionable,
and have
Anyway, a
boy ohould
look good...
96
more
humaniLy
Nhan a qirl.
: :- : I I tIT999V9V09VV99V9
C
!":'*e:hing only possible in a girls'
::* :l Demand made on the boy!
, . --.---::laaa6a0006a0(JaJ(J(Jac
r
:
:
all riqhi,
The male
understands
her appeal
(or her
weaknesses).
But, the heroine has
\
,'ot''
'.
nett'*
....
'.f;i * -
don't, remember
-,ellinq
ycu I don'r"
;ike you.
'o/d
!i,
n'
l:u ,,[:
ii " e/thetr:jii
,ilo
tr
?,umph
97
Psychological Characterization
Psychological characterization is an indispensable
part of girls' comics. Characters live and die by
their subtle emotional swings.
/t\
aan
sLill
we
be
I
i
frtende?
\/\_
Ir
/
___-/
iLIi
\t\\\
( *un,r *,\
jueL
\ kid,dina I
rnyrry. I
\
\/
t) @1
b.rtll
/ llnew
I shouldnt
\ have
\
\
.EiE
confidence. She
cannot believe
her ears. She is
in a state of
denial.
Tleaoe look
at my eyeo
There are many examples like these.
and pick uV
The psychological characterization
an rny
fee)inqe for
differs depending on the personality o'
you.
.1)
g8
cffi
rsiohotogical
Energetic and
cheerful
-l
r,, i.=-le, Iet's
-:''l ie WantS
'*u
lndependent and
say
earnest
tO
rr i-:rentpeople
- :--erent ways.
-l'*-: : a mental
-.1"
.,-,j
0
a//
-:.]
-''.
-:-:
a:"aiir\ tt'ie
ne CfeateS
: ::
r
.
-:
boy. Use of
, ,,a,a ai,,i e
:.
,:<t:z
):
t,ta: -n
l,
ia r
Net
teeLia
har,4lnq
ner riba.
"'-
,l
NU[/D
ir{
rli
,1"i,
l,i
I
ni
Jl,
,t
What, if he haLee me
rr :-aracterSthink
,Lr:
ur;t:
:;
after I confees my
r facial
il
,f t aan'r, confess
love?
-:r:s cns
will differ
:,:",:
I don'L
care if
he
.,-^\-
rF:*-,:19 on their
rur
('i/
lties.
)il-' z
\\0j''g
Maybe it'e
beLter if
we
lli
-t2eur?
juel
sLay friende,
I like hlrn
ae he
io
now,
99
El",fihooss a theme!
lt is
the ideas and opinions you want to convey to
A theme is the objective for writing a comic.
4I
\l-
readers.
-\
Urtt
\\
'
lf you
r-1
.*</ ili'ffffi'JilI,,
\--\
think (
story \
draw, a
and theme will
come to you
\
A
l/aybe
Ehouli
t:.
il off ar;
inaenit
laler,
There are different types
of love stories, i.e., love
comedies, tales of tragic
love, campus love stories.
Never do
thatl
(Don't kid
yourself.)
Girls' :c
il
Lilll
',ll
' rN\l
'i
\T,'i/x\i
Y,
r
fiq.ltlhy Troubled
--E
:-,:.
L*ti
:r :'0p
'
s to draw
0f
uli i--
Pressured
\\
Feverish
Draw it so that sweat is
springing forth from all over
the body.
,. -g it comically is interesting
"'.,',,n letters are also effective.
as well.
101
:[[:l]lffi{g a storyl
Even if the drawings are good, a comic is not
going to be interesting if the story is not sound. lt
all begins with the logical process of introduction,
development, turn, and conclusion.
Choose a subject
A campus story with
a normal girl as the
heroine is the
\t\
N,
\
\,,
\i il
\\
\\''
'..l'
''l
'
''
,-t,;:,ii'
";
-.}i
"r'r..
,..,,';
;,
r i.e -_r.'.
r.;-.
-. ,
i'
.. .:;
l ..i
tl
tl
102
"m
wy
is
uu,emed witr
:irllsent episodes
trumrb).
we.The
readers
mLud be left
m-ffi'g
(by leaving
mmefiing
mrnuted).
103
Romance
1)
t>
l4
_u \al^;
vou.
..'o/
Y
CL
v/
Main
characLer
, -.c
':
.?ris,
\;
Oope
\,
ir
No way
e'e my
l7l
Circumstances
These are
emotional
circumstances
such as family
reiations, human
relations, a
or jealousy.
x\
\\\\\.
@f secrecy
L.,r had
This could be
something from
your past that you
no
idea.
o\,'nj'
Resulting in...
[f
5-E-C-R-E-T
Foreshadowing
CI
\--
YI
(kl
J.-\\
flForeshadowing
These are events
that happen
without any
foreshadowing
(which is more
effective).
/)
I,,q^rY
'i
ru
I ritl
rlli
105
Element of Surprise
is...
is... +
The house is
occupied by a very
mean-spirited sister...
,\
tl
mn
\:> 'w
'?n;-
He may be a
descendant of
ninja.
What is the fate of the heroine who
has gotten mixed up with them?
Dream Endings
The readers will feel betrayed if in
the end you say the whole story was
a dream. lt is best if the story
progresses in the present.
Significance of Episodes
For
Long Comics
,E
\:---------
Poor Example
Make sure that the
finale is not left
unfinished.
Short Comics
\
\.\ ..
r\
\f,(
""..\
rl
-","
-:-: -:
..,1.-a
*: - -
-:
II
CannOt
to*
:a end.
fi' rl
f't
z
l'm shy in fronl
of strangers
I don't know \
what I want to
\"1
eye.
\_-/
Parl2
A friend appears on
the scene.
not be dramatic if the heroine
Episode
';
107
,Th"y
"un't
,i!f,$!j#",
Add characters
fiat fit in with
he
story.
Ill,,i:,!:1,a
beautiful red
roses. These
drops must be
from this
morning's rain.
And what a
lovely aroma!
108
D9VV9VV9VV9VVVV9999VVV9999V9V99
Girls' :
aaaaaaaaaAAA6aa6ao6oo6a6ouuuuo
_.-'v'l
,\-
r \i
\,i.
- //---'ll
_
\'\ ]
I
\,
"r'lil
-Y ,(lil
\\\
-*'1 /r{.1[
/1t\n/
?6 ll (r(t (
;
ti
Comical
This is the
l(z
//
type of person
who is moved
to tears and
I,Iil
1l
It
\G
-i
(\,
cannot be
stopped by
6Y
any0ne.
l:r:::
"l',Yill beCOme
llr: -
any,
*e-T.,, if there
are
l, Zh
\'i1tr
ft,,U"l
\r
",\r\\.,'
/.\\\s
I
Single Tear Builds Up
Choking down tears.
,el\
t\
t-l)
Streaming Tears
One tear after another spills out.
The eyes were left out on purpose to show only the tears.
Tone was applied to the
assimilated.
109
This is where the story comes to a climax. lt is where the characters' true
feelings and actions are expressed. This is the high point of the comic, so
use large frames and let the pictures do the talking.
Not
I love you,
rl
{
l-)"fr,
{<
-,r
'!)
-4*
Example: Use Christmas to make the scene
more romantic. Use the background effectively
as well. Create a memorable scene!
1"t0
t
-:re
Props
A prop is any object that can be picked up like a magazine or food. Use of
props can eliminate the need for excess explanations and play a large hole
in advancing the story.
She is fixated
on the picture
I wonder
how Taro
io doinq
[g
Lheee
dayo?
You
[g
can
'\
,J A one-yen
riiu
"oi,
io my tucky
day.
@y'
\
I'e io Light-fiobed.
o Props can give you ideas for a
story. You want to make good use of
interesting ideas in your story.
. Collect information from a variety of
sources to find hints for stories.
't'11
Chopter 4
Howto
Creqne
fvtqngq Mqnuscripts
o6fla'ut''
. fx-.\
,hl
:tf*
ru
112
r{
Writing a Plot
A plot is an outline of a story. For instance, the heroine and another character may fall
in love. After deciding on the central pafi of the story, you flesh it out with an
introduction, episodes, a main scene, and an ending scene.
Turn it into an enjoyable composition, paying attention to the following:
. ls the setting fully explained?
. Is the foreshadowing effective?
. ls the climax exiting?
. Is the story left unfinished?
Example
Plot
Title Page
Picture of the heroine arriving at school
in the morning.
114
Storyboarding
:['.,'D0arding is allocating frames based on the plot, drawing rough sketches, and
r,: -g dialogue in pencil 0n any old paper.
: , not always easy to fit the entire plot into the predetermined number of pages. Try
-a-:iving down the story to the most important episodes. Discard any unnecessary
.": s!'des. Think about the composition in terms both left and right pages.
--'r'r yoU compose and present a work is important.
\_s
aopa /
Morning,
Mioe A!
3orry,
, wae lokinq.
I gof, my
hair
cul
Loo short,.,
lnbelivablv
Ng
U\
cut e,
4?
fr,
lhis is how
ley, you
qoL your
ohe alwayo
hair cut.
0qA7-_
)h.no,
'trr*tn,iu1
lnbtaclswith
hin
basLardl -
).t)-
{;r16
t'.y'tu
Left page
Right Page
115
Magazine
tmr
lnner margin
)<The inner margin is hard to see,
so do not put drawings and
dialogue there.
Left page
Right Page
24-30 mm (0.96-1.2
7(
in.)
+
1
f_$
l2
+-
will not be
BOm^
X 270^*
(7.Zin.x 10.8
in.)
standard border
line.
lnner Line
24-30 mm (0.96-1.2
Bleeding Techniques
. Use bleeds when you want to emphasize
the impact.
r Use bleeds to make a frame stand out
from the rest.
116
in.)
trnnnrtr
tr[nxnn
trnrtrntr
nntrnnn
!trnnrn
nnxntrn
nntrtrtrn
trnf,ntrn
rnnntrn
trtrntrntr
Itrnnnn
trntrtrtrn
Aon'a uee
letler?' in a
omall epeech
balloon and
don'L pack Loo
Tleaae
don'L draw
a clooe'up
of my face
or any
dialoque in
the
,^4"\r h '
}[ilr)
O,\ IJ
? llt)
i N""'""'--l '-\"1'/'
ll
117
uniform lines.
Pigma Graphic (Brand Name)
w,,"*
.il.
/4n
t ry
'Qd "oat
border of
tor the
eVeech
balloone,
The atmosphere
willdiffer
depending on
how drawn
letters are used.
o.
c''HK'ib.r,:i}^-*
,**,,v1il^i
Attention
Using Water-Based Pens
:<They will smear and soil the paper if rubbed when not
completely dry and the color will become lighter if an
eraser is used on them (choose water-resistant ones
since they are vulnerable to water).
118
Ven
'.
"@0
uo
\77$Eq\
Use a Round-
t,nrrrffiW
t"u-'orr, \ertA
Draw letters so
*They
ue
*ame Allocation
1:r-e allocation is very impoftant to the
'
:,nu
*:
-mes
;r: 3ages.
l,:"*t
Frame Allocation
ln the Japanese
style, frames are
read from top to
bottom and from
The average
number of frames
per page is 6 to B,
Too Simple
EE
TT
TT
hard to read.
l':
TreeenL
ueinq
:esed on dialogue.
:-=ent the story using
:,,::ires, thinking about
:r
:a:2.
-:ge frames are
KBru
Swoon
lmprovement
119
FrcUre Composition I
It is hard to discern
where characters are
and what they are
doing if you always
ln this position, it is
hard to tell whether it
is Joe or his friend
who is talking.
Poor Example
*Make
ThaN's
lhe
laol Nhirq
neeA.
}H,,C\Wffi
s\
\-=
--,
-t"/
+,.
il
s''%
--:2
=:
Joe!!
ir,
=
Z
\\"l'
,/,
'
'
'r
120
S
s
I 'tli \ttttt'
IhatPtq!
'c,
1\
wide-angle shot.
#/lri\\)
b?^ 'i
!-"
th n*
-r'\'r.
\d
s;
..
I K\AW.
Hahaha
*A
i,-r-T of ScenerV I
*:
" ji-,-'
"
such as a building.
Night is falling.
.
,;,i:r:
rx
wide-angle background.
It is now night.
of time.
Retrospective Scene
)Kl Letr's do
it Noniqht.
There is an
explanation using
dialogue as well.
121
PagE
Ttming
oomehhirq
lron
lime,
i,'rrr,,yr,*\ S;
tu',,t*litr'
)rr:d
ffi
Use a large
frame for the
high point.
Shot Types
Wide-Angle Shots
. Used to depict places and tt*iu
FullShots
Middle Shots
Close-Ups
Bust Shots
. This is a shot of the upper
body.
122
Point and
l,:
EHighAngle
ffi
lfl-^-
ffi
=t"",t't.-4t''
This is a normal
angle. It has a
quiet feel. This
angle is used
often.
This is a
slightly
high angle
view of a
close-up.
123
hrt-Back
Thls ls a method by which
two or more different cuts
are alternately inserted to
build up tension or a
sense of impending crisis.
Golf,a run.
lryd
What is happening at
the same time at two
different places is
depicted here,
124
Hints
fh::efie)
in the comic.
/'W@
r.:r mf,
#i
M
Movie Titles
You
F>
\S:..
\-\ ,-\
N-.
\\'r \
\l
),r\
1'
,i.
t\
EIUr
truul
A close-up of
the heroine
in the middle
of the page
is mundane.
the story.
125
tErasers
Basic Tools
M(}NO
IPaper
We recommend manga paper
to 2B).
best.)
marketed by Too.
fij
.,,,ri.
'''t'r''
j:t,{
L*rr*
8Cm
/A-.-
:lr:r
ir'i
'
;*i: j'
.-'
*rf
d',j'
+ rr
*4'"
x?/0iii
<- ,/
+r.'
can
of each other.
eyeleteer.
tFeather Dusters
Used for sweeping away
8qs,*$s 1st*
\lll? /
-ru
r0ontainers for
Washing Brushes
Any containers will do as
long as you have separate
126
Round-pen
Here /
,,,@"-@)verheadView of
Holder
?en
iLrrffin r,
rRulers
5F
r:
''ayJing
-q
,/l
P\
//
t\
,/4
-----v\
Edge
lTemplates
Convenient for
circles and ovals..
ffi
Curved Rule
lTone
lC
Scrapers
tone scrapers
rCutters
Convenient
for minutiae.
This paft can be used
for scraping tone.
I r ,.lndia lnk
Lettering Sol
(Dries QuicklY)
Used for Whitening
Correction ink for comics and illustrations
(The Conection lnk manufactured by Art
Color dries quickly, is water-resistant, and is
rltems
-z,r -g lnk
:--;- PeF (Both lndia
-. .-d ink.)
ffii*,
r -ght
Table
-: ,', fl$S.
Poster Colors
!,:clies
:'.
Provided bY
aido lnc.
127
Spoon-pen
Round-pen
G-pen
l; rstered ,\
T-,!e / \
/r \
/t
U
This pen cannot create the
dynamics of the G-pen, but it
can be used to draw thin lines.
Though the shape is similar,
the lustered type can be used
to draw thick lines.
Main lines of
character (G-pen)
Plants (Round-pen)
Wrinkles in clothing
(Round-pen)
Background lines
(Spoon-pen)
128
,=.fl
-*_-*-^-r
: .-r i -'-l-
:r:-;-
=
:J
=
r,
Create a rough
storyboard on a
separate sheet of
- r- -g Touches (Completion)
Storyboard
Sxetch
-,_- t --.
-r fr-\
ri/l][
paper.
:e
@ Rough Sketch
Transfer the storyboard to
drawing paper. There is no
need to copy the
storyboard faithfully. Slight
alterations are common
(page changes are not
allowed).
*-+-
A r/r
/l
0t
lt
fr\*t 1
&'l:
tiL
t?
will be
?''
5
Y
?
/:
;4;.
B {-l'
to
./7
i
,-.cr
;'--
*L
\-t I
.\
f,r'
'd
129
Ii rililr
*-E
ru r:i:rl ilas
ora\',,n from a rough sketch after the character was penned in.
are dfficuft to draw without being corrected at this stage, use
:::r3::,:,. iurd. Farts that will be solid black are sometimes marked with an X
3:i as a flag during the finishing touch stage.
::r
:Er=
:al
_-]-
Ad)
j-?
irq
D\v),
t*t) *
I qc
lz t"
2
Y
Tone
will be
effect lines.
(f' \-\
-)
t-=-
,!
/---\,'
,t
-l' /,
+-'
{9'l
rJ{
n
f+'
p'E*h
t&i'2? LrK
/=
z)
?v
'lv
Supplement
rstart
by penning in the characters. Some people start with the main lines (contour lines)
while some people begin with the thin lines (eyes and hair).
lPen work should be done from left to right (in the case of a right-handed person), so as
not to rub ink lines that have not dried yet with your hand.
ruse the different types of pens in a suitable manner, and carefully draw the accents and
minutiae.
lDraw the
130
main pictures more clearly than backgrounds and effect lines. lf the lines are
all the same thickness, it will look flat.
,,,,,l qllmmlmrmry
lrlllilr,f
lI
iliilLilIi
illuii|
ui
iruCnes t C,ompletion)
l*'rll llili
tt
;)
4>
f
2
*.
t-*
b?
'].
ii':
'i ^,
,,
r1
ld
aa
[u1]*:- - :lily erasing the pencil lines that have been penned in, pen in converging lines and other
.t.,.-
--^Jq
l[ ur - ]f -lt the solid black parls. After they have dried, use correction
:t' "-
lr*::::
r";:
- :--^),^^
-dl\uS,
l"-::. :i
and solid black, attach tracing paper and write letters on it.
make sure the pages are numbered and you are
done.
are
l3l
@ flae rough
sketchee
been compleL.ely eraeed?
tu iN dirty
(runover,
eoilinq from
hande, tone
residue, elc.)?
?'ave you
for7of,ten
dialogue?
tu Nhe uVVer
riqhL corner
numbered?
lo
whiLeouL
anylhin4?
@ tave
you
forqolLen lo
forgotf,en
draw
anytrhinq or
lracinq
forgoNLen
any finiehinq
to attach
vaper?
The End
??l
Ito+/tomAv
1 JuCo
Chapter 2 Karate
Chapter 3 Kendo
Chapter 4 Boxing
Chapter 5 Streei Battles
rsBN4-88996-082- l
sffi
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Lr
@oo
e*2"5-49
SBN
t+
-88811h-081,-3
Iffiil||
i4889 96081 5
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rqri
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