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Equation a
Then, by definition
Equation b
Equation c
The transformation equations for the moments and product of inertia may be
rewritten by introducing double-angle trigonometric relations in the form
Equation C.12a
Equation C.12b
Equation C.12c
Equation d
Equation C.13
Here p represents the two values of that locate the principal axes about which
the principal or maximum and minimum moments of inertia occur.
When Eq. (C.12c) is compared with Eq. (d), it becomes clear that the product of
inertia is zero for the principal axes. If the origin of axes is located at the
centroid of the area, they are referred to as the centroidal principal axes. It was
observed in Section 3.2 that the products of inertia relative to the axes of
symmetry are zero. Thus, an axis of symmetry coincides with a centroidal
principal axis.
The principal moments of inertia are determined by introducing the two values
of p into Eq. (C.12a). The sine and cosine of angles 2p defined by Eq. (C.13)
are
Equation e
where
(C.12a), we obtain
Equation C.14
Figure C.7. Example C.5. (a) Angle section; (b) Mohrs circle
for moments of inertia.
Solution
Location of centroid: The x, y axes are the reference axes through the
centroid C (Fig. C.7a), the location of which has already been
determined in Example C.2. Again, the area is divided into
rectangles A1 and A2.
Moments of inertia: Applying the parallel-axis theorem, with reference
to the x and y axes, we have
Thus, the two values of p are 35.54 and 125.54. Using the first of
these values, Eq. (C.12a) results in I x = 1184(104) mm4. The principal
moments of inertia are, from Eq. (C.14),
Solution
Using the X, Y axes as reference (Fig. C.7a), Eqs. (C.3) yield
Equation f
Equation g
Equation h
Similarly,
Equation i
Equation j
and