Owled2011 Tutorial

Development of a knowledge-based
decision support system for identifying

adequate wastewater treatment for small
communities
J. Comas, J. Alemany
& M. Poch
A. Torrens & M. Salgot
J. Bou
Chemical and Environmental

Engineering Laboratory
Universitat de Girona
Laboratori dEdafologia
Universitat de Barcelona
Agncia Catalana de lAigua
Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

Sitges, febrero 2004
EDSS development: Problem analysis
3,482 agglomerations
800 municipalities
about 400,000 i.e.

Introduction
9 At the beginning 2001, Catalonia was planning to
implement the Small communities wastewater treatment Plan
9 Directive 91/271
For communities < 2000 i-e
defines adequate treatment

Introduction
9 At the beginning 2001, Catalonia was planning to
implement the Small communities wastewater treatment Plan
9 Directive 91/271
For communities < 2000 i-e
defines adequate treatment
9 recentlyWFD 2000/60
introduces fuzzy concepts like
ecological state
admissible impact
EDSS development: Problem analysis

Rank of population
< 20
20 50
51 200
201 1000
1001 2000
Percentage (%)
46.8
7.4
19.6
18.6
7.7
45.1% seasonal
27.2 % industrial WW
60.0
Percentage
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0-300
301-700
701-1000
Altitude above the sea level (m.)

>1000
EDSS development: Quality Objectives
N
20
20

40
60 Kilometers
Lmit de conca
Objectius de qualitat fsico-qumica
Rius no contemplats
Qualitat bona
Qualitat molt bona
Hipsometria
< 200 m
200 - 800 m
801 - 1400 m
1401 - 2000 m
> 2000 m
Introduction
In this context
new tools appear
that allow to integrate knowledge

from a panel of experts
Data from:
communities
environment
wastewater treatment
reasonable
proposals
EDSS
Introduction
EDSS
intelligent information systems that reduce the time
in which decisions are made as well as improves
the consistency and quality of those decisions

Introduction
EDSS
intelligent information systems that reduce the time
in which decisions are made as well as improves
the consistency and quality of those decisions
different tools
integrated in a
multi-layered architecture

EDSS development: Collecting data and

knowledge acquisition
Knowledge sources consulted and knowledge bases formed
during the knowledge acquisition phase
Interviews with Experts /
Knowledge
Data from the survey
Receiving media data /
sources to the communities / Experts Literature review / visits Applicable legislation / Experts
Knowledge
bases
Characteristics of
the small communities
Different alternatives
of wastewater treatment
Ecological state of
the receiving environment
KNOWLEDGE-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
USER
Decision making assessment in the
most adequate alternative of treatment
Proposal of different alternatives

(e.g. economical costs vs. environmental costs)

9 Data survey


Septinc tanks
settling-digestion tanks / Imhoff tanks
primary settlers
Conventional Systems
Extended aeration (AS)
Tricking filter
Rotating Biological Contactor
Sequencing Batch Reactor
Natural Systems
Aquatic-based
Land-based
Waste stabilisation ponds Intermittent sand filter
High-rate pond
Buried sand filter
Constructed wetland
Plant soil treatment

EDSS development: Knowledge implementation
9 Synthesis of the acquired knowledge in different ways

of representation:
decision trees
heuristic rules (IF < conditions > THEN < conclusions >)
for any nucli N upon nucli-actual
whenever the temp-mitjana of N receives a value and when the hab-equiv of
N > 200 and the hab-equiv of N <= 1000 and the nivell-tract of N = the
symbol se then invoke regles200-1000-se rules
matrices (favoured, disadvantaging & discarded)

equations (costs)
...implemented as...

< 200 h.e
> 500 h.e
> 300 h.e
aiges amunt embassaments

abans Camprodon ? (en Ter i
afluents)
si
tract. secundari
no
no
.........
..........
si
aiges amunt
embassaments a partir
de Camprodon ?
tract. primari
si
no
< 500 h.e. ?
reducci N i P
reducci N i P
si
no PEIN, ni AQ ni V-NO3
aiges amunt
embassaments ?
no
> 1000 h.e
Habitants equivalents
no PEIN ni AQ ni
V-NO3 aiges avall
embassaments ?
no
si
no
V-NO3-
tract. primari
reducci NO3-
Branch of a larger
Riu Ter tree
decision
si
no
abocament al Ges, Sorreig,

Gurri o riera de St. Mart?
nucli dins PEIN,

AQ o I-NH4+
no
eliminaci NH4+
Tract. secundari

si
si

Habitants
equivalents
Nivell de
Tractament
Capacitat del medi

receptor
Superfcie disponible
Primari
50-200
PR
SE
Abocament
gens
poca o mitjana
molta
FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS

Aboc. distribut FIS IT
poca
poca o mitjana
molta
FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS
FS IMH
Aboc Puntual
molta
50-200
Tractament proposat
Tractament
Tractament
principal
d'afinament
gens
poca
molta
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distribut FIS
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
IT FV
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distr.
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Distr.
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Puntual
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Puntual
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Puntual
Aboc zero


WT
LLAC LAR LA
IP
Si Nucli en Aqfers i Vulnerable-NO3
Si alada sobre nivell mar >= 500 m.

!
!
!
!
!
!
X
!
Si pendent parcella > 5%
Si T mitj.gener <= 12C

Si nucli en franja costanera
X* X*
X* X*
Si estacionalitat (h.e.estac./h.e.fixe > 1)

Si T mitjana mes gener <= 5C
FA SBR FP FiS IT

Si previsi Abocaments Industrials
BD
X
X
Si Aqfers <1.5 m. i pous de captaci
Si glaades durant >= 10 dies
FV
X X
Si pendent parcella >= 12%

Si dist. ltima casa > 150 m. i < 200 m.
Si dist. ltima casa <= 150 m.
Si hab.equ. 2010 >= 1300
Si hab.equ. 2010 < 100
Si hab.equ. 2010 < 250
Si hab.equ. 2010 >= 700
Si hab.equ.
2010Tratamiento
< 700
Mesa
Espaola
de Aguas (META)
!
X
X
!
X
X
X
!
X
!

9 allow economic evaluations of investment and
operational costs
mathematical functions
Wetland operational costs
180000
4500
160000
4000
140000
3500
120000
3000
PTA/hab.equ.
PTA/hab.eq.
RBC investment costs
100000
80000
60000
2500
2000
1500
40000
1000
20000
500
0
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
habitants equivalents

200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
a KB-EDSS composed by:

9 a Knowledge-Based System in two steps:
- first one, selection of the treatment level
- second one, selection of the most appropiate specific
type of treatment
linked to
9 a cost estimation model
9 geographical information (GIS)
9 database connectivity and menu-based enduser interface
DECISION SUPPORT
EDSS application: A real Case Study

USER
Economic &
Environmental constraints
Operating costs
Impact to the media
Detriment of water
User interface
Identification, explanation and

evaluation of the alternatives for
the adequate treatment
< 200 h.e

> 500 h.e

afluents)
si
aiges amunt
de Camprodon ?
no
si
no
V-NO3-
tract. primari
reducci NO3-
no
nucli dins PEIN,

AQ o I-NH4+
Capacitat del medi

receptor
gens
poca o mitjana
molta
poca
poca o mitjana
molta
molta
50-200
reducci N i P
no PEIN ni AQ ni
V-NO3 aiges avall
embassaments ?
PR
tract. primari
no
< 500 h.e. ?
Nivell de
Tractament
Primari
50-200
si
reducci N i P
si
Habitants
equivalents
si
tract. secundari
no
no
.........
..........
si
aiges amunt
embassaments ?
no
> 1000 h.e
> 300 h.e
DIAGNOSIS
Other environmental
constraints for certain
treatments
geographical data
climatic data
stationality
ADEQUATE TREATMENT
Level
of
teatment
SE
gens
poca
si
molta
si
Riu Ter

no
eliminaci NH4+
Tractament proposat
Tractament
Tractament
principal
d'afinament
Abocament
FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS

FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS

Aboc Puntual
FS IMH
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distribut FIS
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
IT FV
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distr.
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Distr.
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Puntual
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Puntual
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Puntual
Aboc zero
DATA GATHERING
Tract. secundari
Knowledge Base
for the receiving
media
Knowledge Base for

the different
wastewater treatments
Features of the small communities

9 Main characteristics of a real case study solved by the KB-DSS

(community named Malavella Parc)
Characteristics of the small community
Catchment
La Tordera
Region
La Selva
Inhabitant equivalents 2010
389
Seasonal inhabitants
313
Level of treatment
C removal
Altitude (m.)
84
Average T in colder months (C)
6
Length of sewers (m.)
700
Industry (% i.e.)
0
Type of industry
-

Charact. of the receiving environment

Abundance of water
Nothing
Natural pools
No
Nitrate polluted zone
No
Aquifers
Yes
No. of wells
2
Protected zone
No
Charact. of the site to build the WWTP
Surface available
Large
Average slope (%)
0
Distance to the community (m.)
180
DECISION SUPPORT

USER
Economic &
Operating costs
Impact to the media
Detriment of water
User interface

< 200 h.e

> 500 h.e

afluents)
si
aiges amunt
de Camprodon ?
no
si
no
V-NO3-
tract. primari
reducci NO3-
no
nucli dins PEIN,

AQ o I-NH4+
Capacitat del medi

receptor
gens
poca o mitjana
molta
poca
poca o mitjana
molta
molta
50-200
reducci N i P
no PEIN ni AQ ni
V-NO3 aiges avall
embassaments ?
PR
tract. primari
no
< 500 h.e. ?
Nivell de
Tractament
Primari
50-200
si
reducci N i P
si
Habitants
equivalents
si
tract. secundari
no
no
.........
..........
si
aiges amunt
embassaments ?
no
> 1000 h.e
> 300 h.e
DIAGNOSIS
Other environmental
treatments
geographical data
climatic data
stationality
ADEQUATE TREATMENT
Level
of
teatment
SE
gens
poca
si
molta
si
Riu Ter

no
eliminaci NH4+
Tractament proposat
Tractament
Tractament
principal
d'afinament
Abocament
FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS

FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS
FS IMH
Aboc Puntual
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distribut FIS
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
IT FV
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distr.
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Distr.
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Puntual
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Puntual
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Puntual
Aboc zero
DATA GATHERING
Tract. secundari
Knowledge Base
for the receiving
media
Knowledge Base for

the different

9 List of possible alternatives
primary1
Imhoff
Imhoff
Imhoff
main treatment
stabilisation ponds
constructed wetland
RBC2
SBR2
extended aeration2
tricking filter2

effluent discharge
punctual
punctual
distributed
distributed
distributed
distributed
DECISION SUPPORT

USER
Economic &
Operating costs
Impact to the media
Detriment of water
User interface

< 200 h.e

> 500 h.e

afluents)
si
aiges amunt
de Camprodon ?
no
si
no
V-NO3-
tract. primari
reducci NO3-
no
nucli dins PEIN,

AQ o I-NH4+
Capacitat del medi

receptor
gens
poca o mitjana
molta
poca
poca o mitjana
molta
molta
50-200
reducci N i P
no PEIN ni AQ ni
V-NO3 aiges avall
embassaments ?
PR
tract. primari
no
< 500 h.e. ?
Nivell de
Tractament
Primari
50-200
si
reducci N i P
si
Habitants
equivalents
si
tract. secundari
no
no
.........
..........
si
aiges amunt
embassaments ?
no
> 1000 h.e
> 300 h.e
DIAGNOSIS
Other environmental
treatments
geographical data
climatic data
stationality
ADEQUATE TREATMENT
Level
of
teatment
SE
gens
poca
si
molta
si
Riu Ter

no
eliminaci NH4+
Tractament proposat
Tractament
Tractament
principal
d'afinament
Abocament
FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS

FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS
FS IMH
Aboc Puntual
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distribut FIS
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
IT FV
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distr.
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Distr.
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Puntual
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Puntual
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Puntual
Aboc zero
DATA GATHERING
Tract. secundari
Knowledge Base
for the receiving
media
Knowledge Base for

the different


9 List of possible alternatives with favouring, disadvantaging
and discarding reasons
1
primary
Imhoff
Imhoff
Imhoff
punctual
number of
favouring
reasons
2
number of
disadvantaging
reasons
1
number of
discarding
reasons
0
punctual
distributed
distributed
distributed
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
distributed
main
treatment
effluent
discharge
stabilisation
ponds
constructed
wetland
RBC2
SBR2
extended
aeration2
tricking filter2


and discarding reasons
1
primary
Imhoff
Imhoff
Imhoff
punctual
number of
favouring
reasons
2
number of
disadvantaging
reasons
1
number of
discarding
reasons
0
punctual
distributed
distributed
distributed
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
distributed
main
treatment
effluent
discharge
stabilisation
ponds
constructed
wetland
RBC2
SBR2
extended
aeration2
tricking filter2
this community presents an important contribution of the seasonal population (seasonal

population/permanent population = 4.118)
this community belongs to a region with suitable climatic conditions for optimal
performance of ponds
DECISION SUPPORT

USER
Economic &
Operating costs
Impact to the media
Detriment of water
User interface

< 200 h.e

> 500 h.e

afluents)
si
aiges amunt
de Camprodon ?
no
si
no
V-NO3-
tract. primari
reducci NO3-
no
nucli dins PEIN,

AQ o I-NH4+
Capacitat del medi

receptor
gens
poca o mitjana
molta
poca
poca o mitjana
molta
molta
50-200
reducci N i P
no PEIN ni AQ ni
V-NO3 aiges avall
embassaments ?
PR
tract. primari
no
< 500 h.e. ?
Nivell de
Tractament
Primari
50-200
si
reducci N i P
si
Habitants
equivalents
si
tract. secundari
no
no
.........
..........
si
aiges amunt
embassaments ?
no
> 1000 h.e
> 300 h.e
DIAGNOSIS
Other environmental
treatments
geographical data
climatic data
stationality
ADEQUATE TREATMENT
Level
of
teatment
SE
gens
poca
si
molta
si
Riu Ter

no
eliminaci NH4+
Tractament proposat
Tractament
Tractament
principal
d'afinament
Abocament
FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS

FS IMH
Aboc. distribut FIS

Aboc Puntual
FS IMH
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distribut FIS
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
IT FV
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Distribut
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Distr.
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Distr.
Aboc zero
poca
FS IMH
BD FP
Aboc Puntual
mitjana
FS IMH
WT BD FP
Aboc Puntual
molta
FS IMH
FS IMH
WT BD FP
FV FIS
Aboc Puntual
Aboc zero
DATA GATHERING
Tract. secundari
Knowledge Base
for the receiving
media
Knowledge Base for

the different


and discarding reasons and economic calculations
primary
Imhoff
Imhoff
Imhoff
main
treatment
effluent
discharge
number of
favouring
reasons
number of
disadvantaging
reasons
number of
discarding
reasons
investment
cost ()
stabilisation
ponds
constructed
wetland
RBC2
SBR2
extended
aeration2
tricking
filter2
punctual
236,800
operational
cost (,
first year)
3,915
punctual
301,200
5,631
distributed
distributed
distributed
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
398,000
380,900
380,900
6,894
8,710
8,710
distributed
347,700
7,218

5th Specialist Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems

24-26 September 2002, Turkey, Istanbul
EDSS application
Applied to 3,482 small communities grouped in 20 river catchments
Garona
Noguera
Ribagorana
Noguera
Pallaresa
Muga
Fluvi
Ter
Rieres
Costa Brava
Segre
El Llobregat
Foix
Francol
Ebre
La Snia
Tordera
Bess
El Gai
Rieres
Bisbal
Meridionals

Garraf
Rieres
Maresme
Conclusions
Selection of WWT for small communities involve not just
aspects of technical optimisation, but also environmental,
economic and social factors
9 characteristics of the community
9 the receiving environment
9 the available treatment technologies
to face this complex problem knowledge-based DSS
satisfactory results according to the pool of experts.


Owled2011 Tutorial

Cargado por

Información del documento

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Owled2011 Tutorial

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Development of a knowledge-based

decision support system for identifying

Chemical and Environmental

Agncia Catalana de lAigua

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Problem analysis

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Problem analysis

Altitude above the sea level (m.)

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Quality Objectives

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

that allow to integrate knowledge

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Collecting data and

KNOWLEDGE-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Proposal of different alternatives

EDSS development: Collecting data and

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Collecting data and

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Knowledge implementation

9 Synthesis of the acquired knowledge in different ways

matrices (favoured, disadvantaging & discarded)

EDSS development: Knowledge implementation

> 300 h.e

aiges amunt embassaments

< 500 h.e. ?

> 1000 h.e

abocament al Ges, Sorreig,

nucli dins PEIN,

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Knowledge implementation

Capacitat del medi

Aboc. distribut FIS

Aboc. distribut FIS

Aboc Distribut FIS

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Knowledge implementation

Si Nucli en Aqfers i Vulnerable-NO3

Si alada sobre nivell mar >= 500 m.

Si pendent parcella > 5%

Si T mitj.gener <= 12C

Si estacionalitat (h.e.estac./h.e.fixe > 1)

Si alada sobre nivell mar >= 750 m.

Si Aqfers <1.5 m. i pous de captaci

Si glaades durant >= 10 dies

Si pendent parcella >= 12%

EDSS development: Knowledge implementation

RBC investment costs

Mesa Espaola Tratamiento de Aguas (META)

EDSS development: Knowledge implementation

a KB-EDSS composed by:

EDSS application: A real Case Study

Identification, explanation and

< 200 h.e

aiges amunt embassaments

nucli dins PEIN,

Capacitat del medi

< 500 h.e. ?

> 1000 h.e

abocament al Ges, Sorreig,