Vocabulary for the Introduction Part:

Presentation
Type
diagram / table /
figure /
illustration /
The given / The graph / figure /
supplied / The chart / flow chart /
presented / The picture/
showed / The
presentation/ pie
provided
chart / bar graph/
line graph / table
data/ data /
information
Starting

Verb

Description

shows /
represents / depicts The comparison of .
/ illustrates /
The differences .
presents/ gives / The number of .
provides /
Information on .
describes /
Data on .
compares/ shows / The proportion of.
figures / gives data The amount of .
on / gives
Information on....
information on

Example :
1. The provided diagram shows data on employment categories in energy producing
sectors in Europe starting from 1925 to 1985.
2. The given pie chart represent the proportion of male and female employee in 6 broad
categories, divided into manual and non-manual occupations.
3. The chart gives information on expenditures of 4 European countries on six consumer
products namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France.
Vocabulary for the General trends Part:
In general, In common, As is presented, Generally speaking, As is observed.
Example:
1. In general the employment opportunities has increased till 1970 and has dropped
down afterward.
2. As is observed , the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned countries no
overall pattern of increase or decrease rather shows the considerable fluctuation from
country to country.
3. Generally speaking, USA had far more standard life than all the other 4 mentioned
countries.
Vocabulary to show the changes:
Trends
Increase
Decrease
Steadiness

Verb form
Noun Form
rise / increase / go up / uplift /
a rise / an increase / an
rocketed / climb / upsurge / soar. upward trend / a growth
fall / decrease / decline /
a rise / an increase / an
plummet / plunge / drop / reduce upward trend / a growth
unchanged / level out / remain
a fall / a decrease / a
constant / remain steady / plateau / reduction / a downward
remain the same / remain stable / trends /a downward

remain static
Gradual Increase
Gradual decrease

Standability

tendency / a decline/ a drop

an upward trend / an upward
tendency / a ceiling trend
a down ward trend / a down
ward tendency / a
descending trend

----------leveled off / remained constant /

remained unchanged / remained
stable / prevailed consistency /
plateaued / reached a plateau /
stayed uniform /immutable /
leveled out

--------

Examples:
1. The overall sale of the Company has increased by 20% at the end of the year.
2. The expenditure of the office remained constant for the last 6 months but the profit
rose by almost 25%.
3. There was a 15% drop in the student enrollment of the University.
4. The population of the country remained almost the same as it was 2 years ago.

Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:

Type of
Change
Rapid
change

Adverb form

Adjective form

dramatically / rapidly / dramatic / rapid / sharp /

sharply / quickly /
quick / hurried /

Moderate
change
Slight
change

hurriedly / speedily /
speedy / swift
swiftly
moderately / gradually
moderate / gradual /
/ progressively /
progressive / sequential
sequentially
slightly / slowly /
slight / slow / mild /
mildly / tediously
tedious

Example:
1. The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2006.
2. There was a sharp drop in the industrial production in the year 2005.
3. The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2004.
Vocabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs:
Type of
Change

Verb form

Noun form

waves / fluctuations /
Rapid ups and wave / fluctuate / oscillate oscillations /
downs
/ vacillate / palpitate
vacillations /
palpitations
Example:
1. The price of the raw materials fluctuated for the first three months.
2. The graph shows the oscillations of the price of fuel from 1998 to 2002.
Vocabulary to represent highest and lowest point in graphs:

Type

Verb

Noun

peak / culminated / climax / reach

Highest
a peak / hit a vertex / get a
a peak / hit a peak / touch the
Point
vertex / get the highest point
highest point / reach the vertex
Lowest
Point

the lowest point /the lowest

touched the lowest point / get the
mark / bottommost point / rock
lowest point /
bottom point/ bottommost mark

Example:
1. The price of the oil reached a peak amounting $20 in February and again
touched the lowest point amounting only $10 in July.
2. Student enrollment in foreign Universities and Colleges increased
dramatically hitting a peak of over 20 thousand in 2004.

Vocabulary to represent comparison in graphs:

Type

Word(s) should be used

Similar

about / almost / nearly / roughly / approximately /

around / just about / very nearly /

Just over

just above / just over / just bigger / just beyond /

just across

Just short

just below / just beneath / just sort / just under / just

a little

Much
more

well above / well above / well beyond / well

across / well over

Much less well below / well under / well short / well beneath
Example:
1. The number of high-level women executives is well beneath than the
number of male executives in this organization where approximately 2000
people works in executive levels.
2. About 1000 people died in the highway car accident in 2003 which is well
above than the statistics of all other years.
3. The number of domestic-violence cases was just below 500 in March which
is just a little over than the previous months.

Compare and contrast

One syllable
Adjectives with one syllable form their comparatives and superlatives :
cheap cheaper cheapest || large larger largest || bright
brighter brightest etc.
Exceptions:
good better best || bad worse worst etc.
Two syllables
Some adjectives with two syllables form their comparatives and superlatives :
pretty prettier prettiest || happy happier happiest etc.
But many form their comparatives and superlatives using 'more':
striking more striking most striking || common more common
most common || clever more clever/cleverer most clever/cleverest

etc.
Three or more syllables
All adjectives with three or more syllables form their comparatives and
superlatives using 'more' & 'most':
attractive more attractive most attractive || profitable more
profitable most profitable || expensive more expensive most
expensive
Using Appropriate Prepositions:
You must use the right preposition in the IELTS writing task 1 to get a high score.
Be accurate about the uses of to, by, of, off, in, on, for etc.

Example :
Papers are sold by the ream.
Oranges are purchased and sold by the dozen.
Students enrollment in the University has increased by 2% this year.
Eggs are counted in dozens.
Rice is measured in kg.
He is junior to me by 4 years.
The employees are paid per week in this factory.
Words to make a comparison / contrast:
a bit / slightly / a little / only just / approximately / about / almost / precisely / quite / nearly /
considerably / a huge / a great deal / quite a lot / completely / exactly
Example:
This year population growth of the country is slightly larger than the previous year.
This year population grown is almost twice than 2007.
Sale of the company has increased quite a lot this year.
Vocabulary to write the Conclusion part:
To draw the conclusion : In conclusion / To conclude / On the whole
To Summarize : In short / In brief / To sum up / In summary
Examples:
In conclusion, third world countries have improved their production sectors like: garments,
over the last 10 years whereas the first world countries have improved their technology and
research sectors in the same period.
In brief, the overall sale of the company has improved in the last 5 years except 2005 when
the sale reduced significantly due to retrenchment.

Noun:

Increase:
A growth: There was a growth in the earning of the people of the city at the end of the year.
An increase: Between the noon and evening, there was an increase of the temperature of the
coast area and this was probably because of the availability of the sunlight at that time.
A rise: A rise of the listener in the morning can be observed from the bar graph.
An improvement: The data presents that there was an improvement of the traffic condition
between 11:00 am till 3:00 pm.
A progress: There was a progress in the law and order of the city during the end of the last
year.
Rapid Increase:
A surge: From the presented information, it is clear that there was surge on the number of
voter in 1990 compared to the data given for the previous years.
A rapid increase/ a rapid growth/ a rapid improvement: There was a rapid growth in the
stock value of the company ABC during the December of the last year.
N.B: Following adjectives can be used before the above nouns to show a rapid growth/
increase of something:
Rapid, Sudden, Steady, Noticeable, Mentionable, Tremendous, huge, enormous, massive,
vast, gigantic, monumental, incredible, fabulous, great etc.
(The above list is the words which are actually adjective and can be used before nouns to
show the big changes)
Highest:
A/ The pick: The number of visitors reached to the pick in 2008 and it exceeded 2 million.
Top/ highest/ maximum: The oil prices reached to the top/ highest in 1981 during the war.
N.B: Some of the words to present the highest/ top of something are given bellow:
Apex, pyramid, zenith, acme, obelisk, climax, needle, spire, vertex, summit, tower, most,
greatest, max, tops, peak, height, crown,
Changes:
A fluctuation: There was a fluctuation of the passenger numbers who used the railway
transportation during the year 2003 to 2004.
A variation: A variation on the shopping habit of teenagers can be observed from the data.
A disparately/ dissimilarity/ an inconsistency: The medicine tested among the rabbits
shows an inconsistency of the effect it had.

Steadiness:
Stability: The data from the line graph show a stability of the price in the retail market from
January till June for the given year.
A plateau: As is presented in the line graph, there was a plateau of the oil price from 1985 to
1990.
Decrease:
A fall: There was a fall of the price of the energy bulbs in 2010 which was less than $5.
A decline: A decline occurred after June and the production reached to 200/day for the next
three months.
A decrease: After the initial four years, the companys share price increased and there was a
decrease of the loss it was bearing.

Vocabulary for the opinion Part:

According to the writing category use one of the following sentence formats to write down
the opinion part. However remember that if the question does not ask you to give your
opinion but to compare advantages and disadvantages, then you should not strongly express
your opinion.
In my opinion......
I strongly opine that........
I strongly agree with the idea that.......
I strongly disagree with the given topic....
I think.....
My opinion is that..... etc.
Example:
1) But in my opinion, giving the access of mobile phone & internet to each and every
unemployed person is a matter of great dispute. I believe, this idea can help the countries who
have sufficient funds for the whole fiscal year and already adopted technologies like internet
for a very long period. But this might turn out as a complete loss for an undeveloped
country..........
Vocabulary for the 2nd paragraph Part:
It is true that, First, first of all, Firstly, Initially, To begin with, To start with, Though it
is true that, Some people believe that, Many people think that, etc.
Example:
1) It is true that, an unemployed persons having a mobile phone with internet connection can
get more access to the local and foreign job sectors and can use these technologies to get a
job or become self-employed........
Vocabulary for the 3rd,4th ... paragraph Part:
Second(ly), Third(ly), Then, Next, After that, Again, Also, Besides, In addition,
Furthermore, Moreover, Other people think that, Other people believe that , etc.
Example:
1) Besides, unemployed persons living in urban areas; can easily get the information related
to the job-offering companies with these technologies................ Furthermore, the use of these
technology give them advantages than others.......
Vocabulary to show comparison:
In the same way, Likewise, Similarly, Like the previous etc.
Example:
1) Similarly, all the companies and offices are becoming automated and using computers,
internet and other technologies vastly than any other time in history.......
Vocabulary to show contrast:
On the other hand, On the contrary, Oppositely, Alternatively, Unlike, while, Whilst, In
contrast to this, Then again etc.

Example:
1) On the contrary, poor countries suffer from the lack of sufficient budgets to ensure some
very basic needs of people like health, education, medicines etc. Then again, those countries
don't have a chance to spend a lot of money to initiate a superficial project........
Vocabulary to show an example:
As an example, for instance, for example, like: as, such as, particularly, in particular,
namely, to show an example, as an evidence etc.
Example:
1. For instance, there is no guaranty that all unemployed person will use the technology
positively........
2. As an example, many Government of the first world countries have initiated other
projects like:.........
Vocabulary to show consequence or result:
As a result, Consequently, As an effect, Thus, So, therefore, Hence etc.
Example:
1. Therefore, we should avoid using our budget in an uncertain project........
2. As a result, people are struggling much to lead a healthy and secure life.........
Vocabulary to sum up:
To sum up, in short, In a word, to put it simply, that is to say, etc.
Example:
1. In a word, I think , the idea can be very useful for the developing countries but for us,
it might be a sinister.
2. That is to say, we must ensure the safety of our children first...........
Vocabulary To make a point strong:
Although, thought, nonetheless, nevertheless, still, yet, after all, even if, therefore, thus
etc.
Example:
1) Although, Parents are important teachers in our lives and none can deny their invaluable
role to make us what we are, but they aren't always the best teachers.......
Other transitional words / connective words:
Then, else, otherwise, besides, as soon as, as much as.
Example:
1. They take care of the children as much as parents do.
2. As soon as we realize the problem ..................

Vocabulary for the conclusion part:

In conclusion, in summary, to conclude, to sum up etc.
Example:
1.

In general, even though it is preferable to study English in an English-speaking

country, a reasonable level of English can be achieved in one's own country, if a
student is gifted and dedicated to study.

2.

To sum up, if the population explosion continues, many more people will die of
starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent nations, will
become increasingly difficult.

3.

To conclude, I recommend that the only sensible way to solve this problem is to
educate young people about the dangers of drug use, and to take steps to reduce the
pressure of competition placed upon them.

4.

In conclusion, nuclear technology certainly has positive uses but is nonetheless

dangerous. However, it would have been better if it had never been used to create
nuclear weapons. If life on Earth is to continue, all the nuclear nations of the world
should agree to disarm as soon as possible.

5.

To conclude, there are no alternative to adopt the technology and to ensure their
moral uses for our own betterment.

Many
People

However I strongly
In fact. /For these
disagree that.
I find it hard to agree./ reasons. / Considering all
the issues.
Others
May argue/opine I totally disagree..
Those who that.
Perhaps this is true but it cannot be denied that /
disagree
Point out that. This is partially true but then again.
Think/believe
that