IV.

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
IV.II NEED ANALYSIS
1.) Residential Development
General
- The residential development addresses the vicinitys need for housing in order to accommodate
the additional population of the city.
- The development must provide other supporting structures that will meet the needs of the
residents of the proposed housing development. It should provide its users security and privacy
while at the same time integrating the project to the whole community.
- The development, while maximizing the use of the site, must also provide a homey feel to its users
since the development focuses on home. Not only should the development address the basic
needs of its users, the development must also consider the tradition and values of Filipinos in
creating the design.

Socialized Housing
- This development meets the need of the area for a proper housing to serve those who are less
fortunate residing within the vicinity.
- This development must uplift the spirit and lifestyle of the less fortunate and the structure itself
should be at par with other housing in the area.
High rise Condominium
- This development addresses the need of the site for additional housing while at the same time
providing economic boost to the area.

2.) Commercial Establishments

- This addresses the projects need for services offered commercially.
- This provides the area economic boost.
3.) Green Landscape with Flood Control
-This will rebuff pollution and lessen the spread of noise in the area.
- Green landscapes allow the surface water overflow in the site to be absorbed by the soil before it
goes to the sewage system. This lessens the amount of water that gets to the river thus minimizing
the possibility for river overflow.
4.) Open Spaces
-This address the need for socialization of the whole community.
IV.III BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS
MET School for the Performing Arts

IV.IV ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS

RESIDENTIAL TOWER ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

PERFORMING ARTS SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

COMMUNITY CHART

RESIDENTIAL TOWER
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
A group of individuals that are elected to act as representatives of stockholders to establish
management related policies and to make major decisions regarding company issues.
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
CEO is the highest ranking executive in the company who is responsible is developing and
implementing strategies, making major decisions, managing overall operations and resources of the
company, and acting as the main communication between the Board and the operations staff.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

This department is the part of the company that manages money and other financial transactions in
any form. Its responsibilities include planning, organizing, auditing, accounting for and controlling
finances. It also produces financial statements.
VICE PRESIDENT AND FINANCIAL CONTROLLER
This position oversees the day to day activities of the finance team and ensure the
companies finance function is organized and efficient and produces accurate financial and
management accounts.
DEPUTY CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
This position supports and assists the VP in managing financial planning and analysis.
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT
This department directs and delegates tasks to the staff, plans and organizes the scope of work for
every department and it oversees the progress assignments and projects.
SALES DEPARTMENT
Its function is to engage in a variety of activities with the objective to promote the customer
purchase of a product or the client engagement of a service.

ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
It is responsible for providing administrative aid in information management systems, human
resources, payroll, acquisition and communication. The goal of the administration department is to
keep all departments within a business operating at maximum capacity.

TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT

It is the part of the company that is responsible for planning, evaluation, coordination for projects,
installation and maintenance of administrative information systems, handling and maintaining data
on the host system, and coordinating of information and communication security affairs.
PERFORMING ARTS SCHOOL
PRESIDENT
It is the highest ranking position the school who is responsible to provide executive leadership the
development and achievement of the vision and goals of the colleges master plan.
DEAN
It is the position whose responsibility is to develop, administer and promote the academic programs
and academic support functions of the college. It is also responsible for developing and coordinating
educational policies, planning functions and physical facilities planning and utilization of the college.
COLLEGE SECRETARY
It is the position whose responsibility is to take care of legislative matters and some of
the College's main capital projects.
ASSOCIATE DEAN GRADUATE STUDIES
It works for designated campus sectors. This is intended to encourage the development of more indepth knowledge of issues and challenges facing graduate education in the different areas of the
school especially in Graduate Studies.

ASSOCIATE DEAN UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES

It works for designated campus sectors. This is intended to encourage the development of more indepth knowledge of issues and challenges facing graduate education in the different areas of the
school especially in Undergraduate Studies.

FISCAL OFFICER
It provides support for the Deans management of the fiscal operations of the school and provides
direct budgeting and accounting support, monitoring, and oversight of the general fund operating,
research, professional development and auxiliary.

DIRECTOR OF EVENTS
It is the position whose responsibility is to develop, produce and bring every event from proposal to
delivery. It is also responsible in communication and maintenance of timelines and priorities of every
event or project.

DIRECTOR OF THEATER
It is the position whose responsibility is to oversee the theater's organizational structure,
fundraising, marketing, budgeting, accounting and day-to-day operations.

FACULTY
It is the teaching staff of the school and observes academic regulations concerning the holding of
activities in class.
RESEARCH DIRECTOR
The Director of Research will have delegated responsibility for the development of research and
innovation in the School. The Director will play a strategic role in promoting and enabling research in
the School, working closely with the Head of School.

IV.V SPACE PROGRAMMING

FERRY STATION
Space Description

Entrance Area

Function

Gives access upon entering and leaving the terminal, provided with
turnstiles for passengers and log in area for the staffs and
employees

Ticket Window

Area intended for the staff to provide ticket counter

service and enter reservations into the computer
system, issue tickets and issue refunds if necessary.

Passenger Waiting Area

The part of the building where the passengers sit or

stand while waiting for the departure.

Head Information Desk

A small area for the head information staff to provide

travel assistance to passengers that may include
information on ferry routes, schedules and schedule
changes.

OIC (Officer In-Charge)Desk

Office-designed space intended for the official in

charge with the overall operations on the ferry
terminal.

Small pantry

Area used for storage or from which food is being

prepared used by staff and employees only

Locker Area
Provides space for lockers to be used by the staffs
and employees

sCashier/Treasury Area

Part of the building necessary for the treasurer to

complete ticket sales transactions, calculate and
collect appropriate fees, hold the funds which are
received, kept, managed, and disbursed

Comfort Room

A washroom or area intended for staff or passengers

whether men, women or persons with disability(PWD) for

defecation or urination

Electrical Room

Space in a building dedicated to electrical equipment

Utility Room

A room with the equipment needed in the ferry terminal

Ferry Deck/Platform

a structure of planks or plates, approximately

horizontal, extending across the terminal intended
upon arrival and departure of the ferry boat, also
served as platform for the users

PWD Lift Area

An area for hydraulic lift equipment which is used to

give assistance to persons with disability(PWD) upon
going to the platform before the barge.

References:https://at.govt.nz/media/310396/ATCOP_Section_22_Public_Transport_Ferries_and_Wh
arves.pdf https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch4en/conc4en/ch4c1en.html
http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/F5735A06-1A07-44A6-83B876FE997785EA/0/AnacortesPreDesignPkg.pdf

RESIDENTIAL TOWER
Environmental Requirements
SPACE

DESCRIPTION

Temperature/
Lighting

Acoustics

Utility
Ventilation

Administration
Office
Administrator

A room for the OIC

ambient,

room with

air-

or OICs Office

or the head

task and

absorbent

conditioning

administrator of the

accent

ceiling,

with

internet
connection,
network,
building.

lighitng

floors and

temperature

office

control,

furniture

natural

smoke
detector,
sprinkler,
ventilation if
CCTV
needed
Managers

Room for the

ambient,

room with

air-

Office

General Manager to

task and

absorbent

conditioning

do transaction with

accent

ceiling,

with

internet
connection,
network,
the employees,

lighitng

floors and

temperature

other managers,

office

control,

and clients.

furniture

natural

smoke
detector,
sprinkler,
ventilation if
CCTV
needed

Record Room

A private room that

ambient,

room with

airinternet

holds the record of

task and

absorbent

conditioning
connection,

activities and

accent

ceiling,

with

transactions.

lighting

floors and

temperature

office

control,

network,
smoke
detector,
furniture

natural
sprinkler,
ventilation if
CCTV
needed

Storage/ Stock

A room for storing

ambient

Room

equipment and

lighting

materials.
Marketing and

A room designated

ambient,

room with

air-

Sales Office

for advertising and

task and

absorbent

conditioning

internet
connection,
promotion works.

accent

ceiling,

with

lighting

floors and

temperature

office

control,

network,
smoke
detector,
furniture

natural
sprinkler,
ventilation if
CCTV
needed

Conference

A private room with

ambient,

room with

air-

internet

Room

a big space for

task and

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

conducting group

accent

ceiling,

with

network,

gathering and

lighting

floors and

temperature

smoke

office

control,

detector,

furniture

natural

sprinkler,

meetings.

ventilation if

CCTV

needed

Accounting

Room designated

ambient,

room with

airinternet

and Finance

for collection and

task and

absorbent

conditioning

Office

auditing of the

accent

ceiling,

with

company expenses

lighting

floors and

temperature

connection,
network,
smoke
and profits.

office

control,
detector,

furniture

natural
sprinkler,
ventilation if
CCTV
needed

Courier Room

A room where

ambient,

room with

airinternet

incoming and

task and

absorbent

conditioning

outgoing mails are

accent

ceiling,

with

processed and

lighting

floors and

temperature

connection,
network,
smoke
sorted.

office

control,

furniture

natural

detector,
sprinkler,
ventilation if
CCTV
needed
Human

Room designated

ambient,

room with

air-

internet

Resource

for hiring and other

task and

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

Office

related works for

accent

ceiling,

with

network,

employees and

lighting

floors and

temperature

smoke

office

control,

detector,

furniture

natural

sprinkler,

ventilation if

CCTV

applicants.

needed

Utility and

In-charge for the

ambient,

room with

airinternet

Maintenance

maintenance of the

task and

absorbent

conditioning

Office

building.

accent

ceiling,

with

lighting

floors and

temperature

connection,
network,
smoke
office

control,
detector,

furniture

natural
sprinkler,
ventilation if
CCTV
needed

Security Office

A room designated

ambient,

room with

airinternet

for the safety and

task and

absorbent

conditioning

accent

ceiling,

with

lighting

floors and

temperature

connection,
network,
smoke
office

control,

furniture

natural

detector,
sprinkler,
ventilation if
CCTV
needed
Residential
Units
Studio Type

A small type of

ambient,

room with

air-

Unit

residential unit.

task and

absorbent

conditioning

Intercom,

Most residential

accent

ceiling,

with

telephone,

condominium

lighting

floors and

temperature

network

furniture

control,

buildings have

studio type unit.

natural
ventilation if
needed

Two Bedroom

A residential type

ambient,

room with

air-

Unit

unit which have two

task and

absorbent

conditioning

bedrooms for a

accent

ceiling,

with

small family.

lighting

floors and

temperature

furniture

control,

Intercom,
telephone,
network
natural
ventilation if
needed
Family Type

A large type of

ambient,

room with

air-

Unit

residential unit for

task and

absorbent

conditioning

family.

accent

ceiling,

with

lighting

floors and

temperature

furniture

control,

Intercom,
telephone,
network
natural
ventilation if
needed
Common Area

An area for the

ambient,

room with

air-

residents to gather

task and

absorbent

conditioning

and interact.

accent

ceiling,

with

lighting

floors and

temperature

furniture

control,

Intercom,
telephone,
network

natural

ventilation if
needed

Sky Garden
Executive

An area or space for

ambient

room with

internet

Lounge

the high-rank

and accent

absorbent

connection,

people relax while

lighting

ceiling,

network,

floors and

smoke

furniture

detector,

the view is nice.

sprinkler,
CCTV
Garden

A garden in the

natural

no

natural

internet

upper level of the

lighting,

acoustic

temperature

connection,

base part of the

outdoor

treatment

and ventilation

network,

building.

lightings at

smoke

night

detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Swimming

A pool area

natural

no

internet

Pools

designated for

lighting,

acoustic

connection,

relaxation and

outdoor

treatment

network,

recreation. Pools

lightings at

smoke

should be adjacent

night

detector,

to the spa and

sprinkler,

nightclub.

CCTV

Night Club

An area for people

ambient

internet

to relax and enjoy

and accent

connection,

while they are at

lighting

network,

the top of the base

smoke

part of the building.

detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Restaurants

High-class fine

ambient

room with

internet

dining restaurants

and accent

absorbent

connection,

at the top that

lighting

ceiling,

network,

serve gourmet

floors and

smoke

dishes.

furniture

detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Observation

An observation area

natural

internet

Deck

for the people

lighting,

connection,

views the

outdoor

network,

surrounding area of

lightings at

smoke

the building or

night

detector,

tower.

sprinkler,
CCTV

Spa

An area or space

ambient

internet

designated for the

and accent

connection,

people to relax and

lighting

network,

relieved stresses.

smoke

detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV
Public Toilet

An area which

accent

no

contains water

lighting

acoustic

closet, lavatory and

treatment

urinals available for

general public
(including PWD)
use, usually
separated by
gender or common
single occupancy.
Basement 2
Air

A room separated

ambient,

room with

air-

conditioning

from the air-

task and

absorbent

conditioning

plant room

conditioned rooms

accent

ceiling,

with

internet
connection,
extra
which contains a/c

lighting

floors and

temperature

components such as

office

control,

condenser,

furniture

natural

electric
supply,
smoke
compressor,

ventilation if

thermostatic

needed

detector,
sprinkler,
expansion valve and
CCTV
evaporator.

Mechanical

A room which

ambient,

room with

air-

internet

room

contains HVAC

task and

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

systems, plumbing,

accent

ceiling,

with

extra

electrical,

lighting

floors and

temperature

electric

automation system

office

control,

supply,

controllers and

furniture

natural

smoke

other utility lines

ventilation if

detector,

proportional to the

needed

sprinkler,

size of the building.

CCTV

Electrical &

An area used to

ambient

open-plan

air-

telecom room

connect horizontal

lighting

room

conditioning

cabling and

with

backbone cabling

temperature

enclosed

and other

control,

area

telecommunications

natural

equipment.

ventilation if
needed

Office

A room that houses

ambient,

room with

air-

internet

the mechanical,

task and

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

electrical, plumbing,

accent

ceiling,

with

extra

telecom and

lighting

floors and

temperature

electric

automation

office

control,

supply,

personnel.

furniture

natural

smoke

ventilation if

detector,

needed

sprinkler,

CCTV

Rainwater

A room that

ambient

open-plan

air-

collecting

contains devices

lighting

room

conditioning

room

used to intercept,

with

collect and store

temperature

enclosed

storm-water runoff

control,

area

for future use.

natural
ventilation if
needed

Grey water

An area that

ambient

open-plan

air-

&rainwater

contains necessary

lighting

room

conditioning

treatment

equipment for the

with

room

processes of

temperature

enclosed

recycling storm-

control,

area

water runoff and

natural

greywater to later

ventilation if

beneficial use.

needed

Equipment

A room used to

ambient

open-plan

air-

storage

store necessary

lighting

room

conditioning

equipment for

with
enclosed

mechanical,

temperature

electrical, plumbing,

control,

telecom and

natural

automation

ventilation if

area

maintenance.

Parking

needed

An area for
disengaged vehicles
to be left unused.

Basement 1 &
2nd-4th floor
Core

A portion of the
building (usually at
the center) that
commonly contains
the ventilation
shafts, electrical
shafts and stairwell
that serves all users.

Parking

An area for
disengaged vehicles
to be left unused
for the tenants use.

Refuge Floors
(15th, 30th &
45th)
Restaurant

High-class fine

ambient

room with

internet

dining restaurants

and accent

absorbent

connection,

at the top that

lighting

ceiling,

extra

serve gourmet

floors and

electric

dishes.

furniture

supply,
smoke
detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Sky Lounge

An area or space for

ambient

room with

internet

users to relax, dine

and accent

absorbent

connection,

and chill with a

lighting

ceiling,

extra

panoramic view of

floors and

electric

the city.

furniture

supply,
smoke
detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Core

A portion of the
building (usually at
the center) that
commonly contains
the ventilation
shafts, electrical
shafts and stairwell
that serves all users.

SCHOOL FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS

Environmental Requirements
Temperatur
SPACE

DESCRIPTION
Lighting

Acoustics

e/

Utility

Ventilation
Public or
Common Area
Grand Foyer

An open area that

ambient and

room with

air

internet

serves as the primary

accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

and formal entrance

lighting

ceiling,

system

extra electric

of the whole building

floors and

supply,

usually adjacent to

furniture

smoke

the main

detector,

performance hall.

sprinkler,
CCTV

Mezzanine

A second level

ambient and

room with

air

internet

Promenade

entrance hall or

accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

and Foyer

other open area in a

lighting

ceiling,

system

extra electric

building used by the

floors and

supply,

public usually

furniture

smoke

adjacent to the main

detector,

performance hall.

sprinkler,
CCTV

Courtyard

An area within the

natural

no

natural

internet

building, enclosed by

lighting,

acoustic

temperatur

connection,

walls, that is open to

outdoor

treatment

e and

extra electric

the sky.

lightings at

ventilation

night

supply,
smoke
detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Ticket Booth

An area where tickets ambient and

room with

air

internet

and passes are sold

accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

to the public for

lighting

ceiling,

system

extra electric

admission to an

floors and

supply,

event.

furniture

smoke
detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Information

An area in the

ambient and

room with

air

internet

Desk

building where

accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

people can ask for

lighting

ceiling,

system

extra electric

particular

floors and

supply,

information.

furniture

smoke
detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Toilet

An area which

accent

no

contains water

lighting

acoustic

closet, lavatory and

urinals available for

treatment

general public
(including PWD) use,
usually separated by
gender.
Administration
Administration

A room used to

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Office

perform daily

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

activities within the

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

administration such

floors and

temperatur

supply,

as financing, record-

office

e control,

smoke

keeping, logistics and

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

planning.

Security Office

Workshop

A room used to

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

perform daily

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

activities relating to

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

maintaining the

floors and

temperatur

supply,

safety of the

office

e control,

smoke

building.

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

An area for training,

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

meeting or other

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

activities that is

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

equipped with

necessary tools and

office

e control,

smoke

equipment for the

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

particular activity.

Conference

A large room used for ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Hall

meetings, forums or

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

gatherings.

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Resource

An area that contains

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Center

several information

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

sources within an

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

institution.

Toilet

An area which

accent

no

contains water

lighting

acoustic

closet, lavatory and

urinals available for
administration use,

treatment

usually separated by
gender.
Academic
Areas
Music Rooms

Rooms that provide a

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

nurturing

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

environment for

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

students to engage in

floors and

temperatur

supply,

the finest performing

office

e control,

smoke

arts particularly in

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

music.

Instrument

A room that houses

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Storage

musical instruments

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

and other devices

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

needed in learning.

Music Studios

Rooms that provide a

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

nurturing

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

environment for

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

children and adults

floors and

temperatur

supply,

to engage in the

office

e control,

smoke

finest performing

furniture

natural

detector,

arts particularly in

ventilation if

sprinkler,

music equipped with

needed

CCTV

equipment and
devices needed in
performing with
different
instruments.
Rehearsal

A space that serves

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Rooms

as an area for

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

practicing

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

performances that

floors and

temperatur

supply,

require speeding up

office

e control,

smoke

and making noises.

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Storage and

A room used to stock

ambient

Supply Room

other materials.

lighting

Dance Studios

Rooms that provide a

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

nurturing

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

environment for

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

students to engage in

floors and

temperatur

supply,

the finest performing

office

e control,

smoke

arts particularly in

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

performing arts.

needed

CCTV

Ballroom

An area that serves

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Events Hall

as events place that

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

involves dancing and

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

other performing

floors and

temperatur

supply,

arts.

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Lecture Rooms

An area used for

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

instructing and giving

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

lessons to students.

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Creative

An area conducive to

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Writing Rooms

produce literature

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

output.

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

Toilet

An area which

accent

no

contains water

lighting

acoustic

closet, lavatory and

needed

CCTV

treatment

urinals, usually
separated by gender.
Executive and
Faculty
Director's

A room used to

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Office

perform daily

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

activities to manage

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

the full range of

floors and

temperatur

supply,

responsibilities and

office

e control,

smoke

tasks that need to be

furniture

natural

detector,

undertaken for the

ventilation if

sprinkler,

effective running of

needed

CCTV

the institution.
Office of the

A room used to

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Chairperson

perform daily

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

activities to manage

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

the responsibilities

floors and

temperatur

supply,

and tasks of the

office

e control,

smoke

chairperson.

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Office of the

An area that that

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Instructors and

serves as offices to

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

Lecturers

the faculty and

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

academic staff for

floors and

temperatur

supply,

maximized learning

office

e control,

smoke

of all students.

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Lounge

An area or space for

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

the users to relax and

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

unwind.

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Conference

A large room used for ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Room

meetings, forums or

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

gatherings.

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Terraces and

An open area or

natural

no

natural

internet

Verandas

space for the users to

lighting,

acoustic

temperatur

connection,

relax and unwind.

outdoor

treatment

e and

extra electric

ventilation

supply,

lightings at
night

smoke
detector,
sprinkler,
CCTV

Theater
Stage

An elevated platform
where performances
take place.

Audience Seats

Portions of the
theater designated
for viewing
performances for the
audience (balcony
and lodge seats).

Orchestra

An area where

Seats

orchestra is located,
usually at lower level.

Backstage

Areas that contain

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

dressing rooms,

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

lockers, storage,

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

shower, toilet, green

floors and

temperatur

supply,

rooms, dimmer

office

e control,

smoke

rooms and off-stage

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

areas.

Org Office

A room that serves as

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Resident

office for performers.

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Performers

Projection

A room that contains

ambient

room with

air-

internet

Room

machineries

lighting

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

necessary for better

ceiling,

with

extra electric

production.

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Storage Rooms

A room used to stock

ambient

other materials.

lighting

Maintenance

A room for theater

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Office

maintenance

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

personnel.

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Service
Mechanical

A room which

ambient

smoke

Room

contains HVAC

lighting

detector,

systems, plumbing,

sprinkler

electrical,

system

automation system
controllers and other
utility lines
proportional to the
size of the building.
Maintenance

A room that houses

ambient, task

smoke

Office

the mechanical,

and accent

detector,

electrical, plumbing,

lighting

sprinkler

telecom and
automation
personnel.

system

Electrical &

An area used to

ambient

smoke

telecom room

connect horizontal

lighting

detector,

cabling and backbone

sprinkler

cabling and other

system

telecommunications
equipment.
Equipment

A room used to store

ambient

smoke

storage

necessary equipment

lighting

detector,

for mechanical,

sprinkler

electrical, plumbing,

system

telecom and
automation
maintenance.
Air

A room separated

ambient

smoke

conditioning

from the air-

lighting

detector,

plant room

conditioned rooms

sprinkler

which contains a/c

system

components such as
condenser,
compressor,
thermostatic
expansion valve and
evaporator.
Amenities

Souvenir Shop

An area where

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

products relating to

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

the institution are

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

sold.

Cafeteria

A dining room where

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

users serve

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

themselves.

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Exhibit or

A convention area

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

Gallery Area

where students and

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

others could

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

showcase and

floors and

temperatur

supply,

promote common

office

e control,

smoke

interests or artworks.

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

Stores

Clinic

An area where other

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

products are sold.

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

floors and

temperatur

supply,

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

An area where

ambient, task

room with

air-

internet

outpatients are given

and accent

absorbent

conditioning

connection,

medical treatment

lighting

ceiling,

with

extra electric

and immediate

floors and

temperatur

supply,

attention.

office

e control,

smoke

furniture

natural

detector,

ventilation if

sprinkler,

needed

CCTV

V. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

V.I STRUCTURAL
A. PRECAST CONCRETE
> is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or
form
Which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction
site and lifted into place. In contrast, standard concrete is poured into site-specific
forms and cured on site.
1. WALLING
1.1. SANDWICH PANELS (Simple parts and partitions)
Precast sandwich panels provide a superior energy-efficient solution for exterior
walling, whilst also being durable and fire resistant. Precast sandwich panels are
typically made of an external concrete layer (non-loadbearing), an insulation layer
and an internal concrete layer (loadbearing). These 3 layer are then connected using
connectors that are placed during casting. The sandwich panel can be used as the
entire wall structure (interior and external) with no need to plaster line internally
(due to their high quality) to maximize thermal mass benefits. A range of external
finishes is available.
ADVANTAGES
High R-values
Excellent thermal and acoustic properties
Thermal mass and sustainability benefits
Faster construction time

Quick installation by highly skilled crews

Immediate access below for following trades

Less weather dependent

Simplified and safer construction process

Less trades on site

Less exposure to OHS and industrial relations risks

Less waste

Less materials handling

Design flexibility

Many surface finishes and patterns available

Smoother design process

Quality product
Services (for power, water, etc.) can be cast in
Can be loadbearing or non-loadbearing
Fire resistant
Durable

High strength, factory produced, precast concrete offers the ultimate outcome with minimal
maintenance

APPLICATION
Commercial offices
Retail and bulky goods
Multi-unit residential
Housing
Education
Health and aged care
Clubs, libraries, churches and community centers

Hotels
Industrial- warehouses and factories
Airports
Railways
Correctional facilities
Cinemas and theaters

2. FLOORING

HOLLOW CORE
> also known as voided slab or hollow core plank, is a precast slab of prestressed concrete
typically used in the construction of floors in multi-story apartment buildings. Hollow core is
economical. Modular precast concrete floor and roof slabs are machine manufactures under
controlled conditions in modern precast plants. Most slabs are 1220 mm (4-0) nominal
width and 203 mm (8 in) deep other sizes are available for special applications.

ADVANTAGES
High load capacity
A sustainable solution

Significant sustainability advantages through de-materialization

Thermal mass benefit not available with the other light weight flooring options

Reduction in formwork and propping

Faster construction time

Quick installation by highly skilled crews

Immediate access below for following trades

Less weather dependent

Simplified and safer construction process

Less trades on site

Less exposure to OHS and industrial relations risks

Less waste

Less materials handling

Superior structural outcome

Longer spans (up to 17m)

Thinner structural depth

Reduction in building weight offers savings in vertical structure and in foundations

Services can pass through hollow cores

Cores can be used for energy efficient air-conditioning
Quality product

Off-site manufacture means high quality

Durable

High strength, factory produced, long life prestressed concrete offers the ultimate
outcome with minimal maintenance

Fire, thermal and acoustic advantages

High quality surface finishes

3. FOUNDATION SYSTEM
A. COMBINED PILE RAFT FOUNDATION
High rise buildings are usually founded on some form of piled foundation which is
subjected to a combination of vertical, lateral and overturning forces. Combined pileraft foundations can be a particularly effective form of foundation system for tall
buildings because the raft is available to provide a reasonable measure of both stiffness

and load resistance. The piled-raft foundation is a recent design concept as one of the
effective methods of foundation to reduce settlements of structures (international
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 10, No.2 June 2012). The piled raft foundation allows
reduction of settlements and differential settlements in a very economical way
compared traditional foundation concepts. In recent development of piled raft
foundation design, the piles are usually required not to ensure the overall stability of the
foundation but to act as a settlement reducers. The raft in this system has adequate
bearing capacity and therefore, the main objective of introducing these pile elements is
to control or minimize the average and/or differential displacements of the piled raft
system, rather than to carry the major portion of the loads (Design methods for pile
groups and piles rafts by Randolph M. F. (1994)). The system will limit the damage to be
caused by an earthquake since the raft will act as a barrier for horizontal or lateral forces
while the pile will support all vertical forces. Also, this CPRF reduces the cost for piles by
more than 60% compared to a conventional pile foundation.

Disaster and Earthquake Resistance

SEISMICALLY ISOLATED BUILDINGS
Devices are installed between the building and the ground. And they absorb energy of
vibration during the quake. They can reduce vibration of building. Building vibration is very slow;
there are few possibilities of the foresaid situations.
Base isolation, also known as seismic base isolation or base isolation system, is one of the
most popular means of protecting a structure against earthquake forces. It is a collection of
structural elements which should substantially decouple a superstructure from its substructure
resting on a shaking ground thus protecting a building or non-building structures integrity.
Base isolation is one of the most powerful tools of earthquake engineering pertaining to the
passive structural vibration control technologies. It is meant to enable a building or non-building

structure to survive a potentially devastating seismic impact through a proper initial design or
subsequent modifications. In some cases, application of base isolation can raise both a structures
seismic performance and its seismic sustainability considerably. Contrary to popular belief, base
isolation does not make a building earthquake proof.
V.II ELECTRICAL
Emergency Power Supply System
In the past decade, electrical prerequisites for critical building systems have grown rapidly. As the
demand for these generator systems grows, more facility operators must face the complex risks of
large-volume, combustible liquid-fueled systems. This crucial risk management liability is highlighted
by the increasing demand on emergency and back-up generating systems. One common example is
a diesel fueled system.
Most basic business functions have been dependent to electricity even the ever-growing reliance on
computing power and massive data storage. At the same time, evolving building codes have need of
emergency power that can supply for longer durations for more building systems in more building
types and more occupancy classifications. In medical facilities, where life safety must be supported
when public electrical power is interrupted, emergency demand is always an issue. The emergency
need is accelerating for high-rise residential and commercial buildings.
Facilities which are dependent on limited-duration, back-up battery systems, such as a UPS
(uninterruptible power supply), encounter moderate risks if the UPS is properly installed and
maintained. For facilities with higher demands for back-up or fire safety systems, such as emergency
exit lighting, a modest fuel-powered, engine-driven emergency generator will often suffice. The
electrical demands on these types of Emergency Power Supply (EPS) are relatively moderate,
involving an electrical rating of a few hundred kilowatts (kW). The fuel supply for these smaller

generators is limited and presents an easily managed property exposure. On the other hand, larger
fuel-powered systems present significantly greater challenges.
To store greater amounts of fuel needed to supply higher capacity systems, the size of the tanks
used are increased. Furthermore, locating these larger tanks in areas separate from the EPS has
introduced the additional property risk of fuel-filled transfer lines running through the building area.
This increased fuel-supply requirement has intensified both the potential risk of fire and the extent
of a property loss. A number of equipment design features, operational safety controls and fire
protection systems are recommended to help limit the fire and property loss exposure. These
equipment design and protection parameters should be applied to the main EPS system room, fuel
storage room and any internal fuel supply pipe system.
Standard fire protection design considerations for the generator room include:

Source: Strategic Outcomes Practice Technical Advisory Bulletin, January 2011

1. The room enclosure should have a minimum fire rating of one hour.

2. The generator and any in-room fuel storage should be provided with a separate leak and spill
control and containment curb. Newer tanks may be designed to be self-contained (double-wall
construction).
3. Leak detection alarm devices should be installed in these curbed areas along with an emergency
drain directed to a safe location.
4. The day tank size should be no larger than needed.
5. The generator room should be provided with automatic sprinkler protection designed to protect
the Room and fuel storage occupancies. If room drainage cannot be provided, then foam type
sprinklers may be employed for quicker fire control and to limit fire spread.
6. An automatic fire detection alarm system should also be installed.
7. The generator fuel supply lines should be rigid metallic pipe, rated for the maximum fuel pump
pressure. The fuel line from generator day tank to the generator set should be a flexible metallic
line. This will help limit potential stress or fatigue failure of the fuel line due to engine vibration.
8. Fusible link-operated Safety Shut-Off Valves (SSOV) should be provided on:
a) lines from the remote tank to the generator room tank and
b) the line from the tank to the generator set.
9. A manual Emergency Safety Shut-Off (E-Stop), which will shut down both the generator and any
remote fuel supply pumps, should be located outside the generator room. On critical power
systems, this E-Stop may need to be secured or protected against accidental activation.
REMOTE FUEL STORAGE TANK AND FUEL DELIVERY SYSTEM

Source: Strategic Outcomes Practice Technical Advisory Bulletin, January 2011

1. If extended generator operation requires a bulk storage tank, this tank may be located in another
area, such as in basements, mechanical rooms or outside the building. These remotely located fuel
storage tanks can be relatively large. This presents a large fire exposure, which needs to be
evaluated.
2. Fuel transfer lines may run both vertically and horizontally from the storage tank outside or
through the building. These fuel lines should be
a) rigid, metallic type pipe,
b) run as directly as possible to the EPS room and
c) protected from potential internal building fire exposures, ignition sources or areas of high fire
exposure and not pass through critical or sensitive areas.
3. The fuel transfer pipe to the generator room should be double-walled. Concentric piping provides
containment in the event of transfer piping failure. These fuel transfer lines should be located in a
fire rated pipe chase or enclosure with a minimum one-hour fire rating.

4. The condition of the transfer pipe should be monitored via a leak detection system. This leak
detection system should be located at either
a) the base of the fuel system supply piping (for concentric pipe) or
b) the bottom of the rated pipe enclosure.
5. A small capacity fuel pump is normally provided to transfer fuel from a remote storage tank,
through the building (fuel transfer lines) to the day storage tank in the EPS room. The fuel transfer
pump should be located in the same room as the remote fuel tank and both should be protected
with sprinklers.
6. Ideally, to help limit the fire exposure, the remote fuel tank supply system should be located
outside the building or in a separate fire rated vault.
7. The piping in the fuel storage tank room should meet the same design criteria as the EPS and
transfer pipe connections.
8. Fusible link operated SSOVs should be installed on the fuel lines from the tank to the transfer
pump and on the discharge side of the pump. A pressure relief valve, piped back to the fuel storage
tank, should be provided on the discharge (pressurized) side of the transfer pump.
FUEL STORAGE TANK
The main fuel storage tank, preferably a dual-walled tank with internal leak detection, should be
approved for fuel storage. If the tank is single-walled, the remote tank room should have a floor
drain piped to a safe location.
An appropriately sized fill line, emergency vent line and breather vent line, which are designed
according to the tank manufactures specifications, should be provided. The tank should have a level
indicator. To prevent accidental overfilling, the tanks level sensor should be connected to an overfill
alarm that operates a shut-off valve on the tank fill pipe.

ADDITIONAL
CONSIDERATIONS
1. Some EPS systems may be located in areas subject to earthquakes. Systems in buildings located in
an earthquake zone should be reviewed and addressed according to the relative exposure and local
code requirements. All equipment, piping and fuel tanks should be properly anchored to help
prevent excessive movement during a seismic event.
2. For some specific building occupancies, the application of these property SSOV with fusible link

V.III MECHANICAL
A. ELEVATOR
1. Zoning
In low-rise buildings I is possible for all elevators to stop at all floors without
compromising performance, or by keeping performance to acceptable levels, however
for buildings higher than 15 storeys in order to maintain appropriate service levels the
number of elevators required would imply a very large core thus making the building
inefficient due to decrease on NRA. One way that has proven to be very effective in
tackling this issue is the adopting of elevator zones to serve different floors, thus limiting
the total number of stops, named zoning. Through zoning can be applied in ways, for
example elevators stop only in odd or even numbered floors, the usual arrangement
involves zoning according to height.

2. Call destination

Call destination or Hall Call Destination Dispatching is one of the most relevant
technological innovations addressing elevator control systems creating substantial
benefits in the reduction addressing elevator control systems thus optimizing elevator
use. Conventional systems allow passengers to choose whether they want to go up or
down and only after entering the elevator cabinet choose the specific floor, this results
in heavily loaded cars where usually the number of floor buttons pushed is only slightly
less than the number of passengers (Jong, 2008). Call destination allows for passengers
to enter their intended destination in a Destination Operation Panel before entering
the elevator pod, the requests are then processed using complex algorithms and
elevator travels are optimized towards gathering passengers who are going to the same
floor.
3. Machine room less
Machine Room Less (MRL) was enabled due to the introduction of the Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) combined with variable voltage, variable frequency
(VVVF) drive. The change reduced the size, weight, heat output and energy
consumption of traditional Ward-Leonard traction systems by up to one-half therefore
the machine room became expendable.
V.VII LANDSCAPE
A. Xeriscaping
Xeriscaping refers to the conservation of water through the creative landscaping. Originally
developed for drought-afflicted areas, the principles of xeriscape today have an ever
broadening appeal. With water now considered an expensive and limited resource, all
landscaping projects, residential or commercial, can benefit from the alternative. Xeriscapes
do not have a single look and is flexible to any landscaping style.

 Benefits

Pollution Free. Fossil fuel consumption from gas mowers is minimized or eliminated with
minimal turf areas. Small turf areas can be maintained with reel mower.

Provides Wildlife Habitat. Use of native plants, shrubs and trees offer a familiar and varied
habitat for local wildlife.

Less Maintenance. Aside from occasional pruning and weeding, the maintenance is
minimal. Watering requirements are low, and can be met with simple irrigation systems.

Saves Water. Xeriscapes can reduce landscape water use by 50-75%.

Improves Property Value. A good Xeriscape can raise property value which more than
offset the cost of installation. Protect your landscaping investment by drought proofing it.

V.XI GENERAL

INTEGRATED BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

A Building Management System (BMS) is a computer-based control system installed in
buildings that controls and monitors the buildings mechanical and electrical equipment such as
ventilation, lighting, power systems, fire systems, and security systems. A BMS consists of a
software and hardware; the software program, usually configured in a hierarchical manner, can be
proprietary, using such protocols as C-bus, Profibus, and so on. Vendors are also producing BMSs
that integrate using Internet protocols and open standards such as DeviceNet, SOAP, XML, BACnet,
LonWorks and Modbus.

a. Characteristics
Building Management Systems are most commonly implemented in large projects with
extensive mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. Systems linked to a BMS typically
represents 40% of a buildings energy usage; if lighting is included, this number approaches 70%.
BMS systems are believed to account for 20% of building energy usage, or approximately 8% of
total energy usage in the United States.
In addition to controlling the buildings internal environment, BMS systems are sometimes
linked to access control (turnstiles and access doors controlling who is allowed access and egress
to the building) or other security systems such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) and motion
detectors. Fire alarm systems and elevators are also sometimes linked to a BMS, for monitoring.
In case a fire is detected then only the fire alarm panel could shut off dampers in the ventilation
system to stop smoke from spreading and send all the elevators to the ground floor and park
them to prevent people from using them in the event of a fire.
b. Functions of Building Management Systems
b.1. Four basic functions of a central, computer-controlled BMS are:

Controlling

Monitoring

Optimizing

Reporting the buildings facilities, mechanical, and electrical equipment for comfort,
safety, and efficiency.

c. BMS normal composition

Illumination system

Plumbing system

Electric power control system

Burglar alarms, CCTV

HVAC system

Trace heating

Security and observation system

Other engineering systems

Magnetic card and Access system

Home automation system

Fire alarm system

Manage the sensors of alarm

Lifts, elevators etc.

Benefits of BMS

Building tenant/occupants

Good control of internal comfort conditions

Possibility of individual room control

Increased staff productivity

Effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption

Improved plant reliability and life

Effective response to HVAC-related complaints

Save time and money during the maintenance

Higher rental value

Flexibility on change of the building use

Individual tenant billing for services facilities manager

Central or remote control and monitoring of building

Increased level of comfort and time saving

Remote monitoring of the plants(such as AHUs, Fire pumps, Plumbing pumps, Electrical
supply, STP, WTP etc.)

Maintenance companies

Ease of information availability problem

Computerized maintenance scheduling

Effective use of maintenance staff

Early detection of problems

VI. DESIGN FRAMEWORK

VI.I DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

The Timeless Way of Building
Quality without a name, quality itself
-

Christopher Alexander

We have come to think of buildings, even towns as creations again thought out, conceived
entire, designed. All this has defined the task of creation, or design, as a huge task, in which
something gigantic is brought to birth, suddenly in a single act. Imagine, by contrast, a system of
simple rules, not complicated, patiently applied, until they gradually form a thing. The mastery of

what is made does not lie in the depths of some impenetrable ego; it lies, instead in the simple
mastery of the steps in the process. (Christopher Alexander). In the designing world of today,
creations continually evolve, whereas nature remains constant. Designing is a process that gives
solution to problems, problems that have occurred, occurring and will occur. Therefore, designing is
process that allows continuity, a process that considers the existence of infinity of patterns that
relates to the whole. Creation of design starts like any other thing in existence, it starts with the
most basic of pattern that gradually grows into a more complex being. The growth of any being
depends on the influence of outside forces and its internal needs. Designing a building is like
creating a living creature that is to house humans; a guardian. There are his needs and there are the
needs of the users. There are also outside forces that limits his growth and elements that forces him
to strengthen himself in some areas. It is vital to create all of those to create this complete
architecture. Completeness is defined only by ones vocabulary of today, having said that one must
create a pattern that can sustain the state of completeness of the architecture in infinity.
In the proposed project, the major goal is to create a timeless way of building by providing
an interactive urban ecosystem to the community with the integration of technology while
considering the continuous pattern of the area. The project will create an ecosystem that will act
as a whole in order to sustain the needs of the general public.
VI.II PROJECT CONCEPT
Creation of the Complete Urban Ecosystem through the Integration of the Pattern of Time and
Space
The major concept of the design of the project is to create a living urban ecosystem
through the introduction of the pattern of the area and the general pattern of space. In order to
transform a community to a living urban ecosystem the design subdivided the areas to different
categorize that signifies the different elements of an ecosystem. Each element addresses the needs

of a community. The following area the needs of the community that are to be provided by the
development.
Social
o

Where will the users of the community socialize with each other?

This should give the users variety when it comes to public spaces. A busy type of
public space (community center, malls, etc) and a more quiet type of space
(parks)

This spaces should be accessible to all. If there are laws regulating the use of the
space (arroceros forest park, needs to have permission from the admin to have
access) then it should at least be visually permeable.

Cultural
o

What is the root of the area?

This space/s should educate the people of their cultural heritage.

Necessities
o

Where do they get their necessities?

This area/s should be able to provide the basic necessities of the users.

Security
o

Can the users walk at night and still be relaxed?

This should provide the users comfort through the thought of being safe from
harm.

The most important goal of architecture is to provide a well-organized, secured and

comfortable place to the users, all of which continually evolves with time. A different take in the
definition Timeless will be the output of the design concept. The overall design of community will
melt the past, present and future in order to create a community without time. The structures are
not to be classified into any categorize, it will not be modern or any other architectural styles. The
design aims to be its own self by incorporating modern, traditional Filipino style, and contemporary
style of architecture into one design.
Minor Concept:
Secured environment
One of the needs of a community is a secured environment. Security allows its users to be
more relaxed. The design of the community will provide security with the concept of community
within a community. This concept is the creation of controlled communities within the open
community. Different security measures will be given to the controlled community. Smart
technology is to be integrated to the design of the closed communities. Surveillance cameras are to
be placed on strategic areas to provide an optimal view on the surrounding.

Morally Responsible Design

To design morally is to design inexpensively. It is the task of the designer to implement
balance and create a design that will consider the money to be spent in the creation of such design.
The whole idea of this concept is to create a structure that will look more but will actually cost
less.
Sustainability: Design Considerations

The items listed below gives a basic insight into some of the available possibilities for energy saving
and the use of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials and products in building projects.
External building design

Incorporate rainwater butts in downpipes and use permeable surfaces around buildings

Use vitrified clay pipes which have a less harmful production process than PVC and can
be recycled at a later date. PVC is less easily disposed of.

Use recycled or new concrete slabs rather than asphalt paving

Use of recycled grinded tires on landscaping instead of purchased pebbles or stones.

The use of tires creates limit on the growth of grass, grass or any other vegetation
doesnt grow on a grinded tire surface, which means less maintenance. Using recycled
material also means less carbon footprint.

The building fabric

Use recycled materials- second hand bricks/ tiles/ slates, crushed concrete hardcore etc.

Increase insulation beyond the minimum requirements of the Building Regulations in

walls roof and floors

Mineral wool and expanded polystyrene insulation uses less production energy and
softwood timber frame construction requires less materials than traditional construction

Use local materials that do not have to be transported long distances

Use draft excluders to reduce heat loss through doors and windows

Use solar shelves on windows to allow natural lighting

Use argon filled double glazing which has lower emissivity for less solar heat gain.

Water based or natural paints and stains will not threaten the painters health or the
quality of the air

Use high quality untreated softwood rather than hardwood for doors and windows
(preferably one with a Forest Stewardship certification)

Use wood windows and doors rather that UPVC

Building services

Install dual flush WCs

Use low energy lighting

Consider installing a greywater recycling system

Design for air-condition

*House designs that depends on full air-conditioning for comfort are not very suitable for our
tropical climate nor environmentally sensitive.
1. Energy costs will be high when air-conditioning is running and comfort levels will be low when air
conditioning is switched off. Occupants can have difficulty acclimatizing to outside temperatures.
2. The better your house seals and is insulated, and the less glass area, the less energy in airconditioning will be used.
3. Keep the heat and moisture out and the cool in.
4. Shade walls and choose the highest wall R-value (lowest U-value) possible.
Windows
1. Medium sized with the greatest possible open able area per window.

2. A square floor plan minimizes external wall area and therefore reduces cooling energy loss
through walls.
3. Exposed heavy construction materials (e.g. concrete and bricks) inside insulation barrier
store cooling energy.