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ABSTRACT
In an attempt to provide solution to the environmental
pollution resulting from indiscriminate dumping of by-product
of rice milling in Nigeria and to also provide an alternative
source of energy, a rice husk gasifier was designed,
constructed and tested. The machine comprises of a hopper,
burner, reactor cylinder, char chamber and fan housing. The
gasification of the machine was done by fan powered by
electric motor at speed of 450rpm through belt and pulley. The
husk is lighted with fire and air blown into the reactor through
the fan to the husk which was in a whole form; it was gasified
through air forced into it by the fan and the atmospheric air
from the secondary holes around the burner for proper
oxygenation. The performance of the machine was evaluated
after it was tested the result showed that the machine is 65%
efficient. The product from this machine could be used as a
raw material in cement and fertilizer processing industries.
The machine can be employed to reduce environmental
pollution by enhancing the process of burning of rice husk.
The efficiency of the reactor or gasifier could be increased, if
connected to continuous flow of rice husk source that will
enhance faster loading and eases the operator form the stress
of manual loading.
Keywords: Gasifier, reactor, rice husk secondary holes,
oxygenation
INTRODUCTION
Due to energy crisis and constant increase in the price of fossil
fuels, the worlds trend changes to renewable sources of
energy like solar, wind and biomass gasification (Mirani et al.,
2013). Rice husk is one of the biomass gasification materials.
The rice-husk has heat content of 15MJ/kg and it constitutes
30% of the rice production. There are two ways to get energy
from rice husk: by direct burning or combustion and by
indirect combustion with small amount of oxygen, called
biomass gasification. Direct combustion increases green house
gases and produced global warming effects whereas
gasification by indirect combustion is the thermo-chemical
process which changes biomass into useful and environmental
friendly energy. By-products
70
200 x
200kg of paddy rice requires
1300
260kg
1000
15 x10 6
1x
0.06MJ / kg
250
1kg of rice husk will give
Therefore, 1kg of rice will generate 0.06MJ/kg of heat
50
x 260 130kg
Adding 50% Excess water 100
QH M W CW DT Where
Xkg
1x188697600
3144.96kg
6 x10 4
Volume
20
x157248000 31449600 J
100
mass
3144.96
31.45m 3
density
100
16
S a
kb M b 2 k t M t 2
d3
71
16
d
6
x 40 x10
3
2 x12.91 0 14.87mm
x1500 x0.9
60
70.695
m/s
D1 N1
D2 N 2 Where
900 1500
2610
N2
d2
N1 xd 1 1500 x900
2610mm 26.1cm
N2
500
N2
This showed that the ratio between the sizes of the shaft pulley
to the motor was 3:1
2610 x1500
4350m / s
900
l 2c
TS
d1 d 2 d 2 d1
4c
P Where
2N 2 x3.142 x1450
151.86
60
60
SB
S R Where
2005) Where,
TS
2610 900
l 2 x120 900 2610
2
4 x120
l 240 1.571x3510 3.563 5750.7mm
xN 1 xd 1
60
70.695
0.016
4350
P 0.016x151.86 2.5kW
72
Fig1: Reactor with the grate placed it with the loading funnel
73
Q 10.5x26.23xT2 T1
Q 10.5x26.23x123 33876.045J
CONCLUSION AND
The rice husk was fed into the reactor through the funnel while
the stopper was opened with the burner removed and the grate
well positioned at the bottom of the inner reactor to prevent
the rice husk from falling into the char chamber. The burner
was removed and the husk lighted with aid of paper. The
burner was placed on top of the reactor, with the char chamber
closed and the fan switched on to blow in air into the char
chamber which was air tight and helps direct air to the reactor
containing the rice husk. The air provided by the fan and the
atmospheric air that enters into the reactor through the
secondary holes helps burn the husk.
REFERENCES
Temperature (oC)
160
200
270
390
500
RECOMMENDATION
74
75