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Documentos de Profesional
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SESSION OPT-2053
OPT-2053
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Agenda
Storage Networking Technology Review
iSCSI and IP Storage Networking
Designing the iSCSI Network
High Availability
Network Boot
iSCSI Network Security
Network Management and Administration
Configuring iSCSI
Summary
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IP Network
Servers
Win2k
Linux
Win2k
FC
Linux
Unix
FC
SCSI
Applications
Raw
File System
Block Device
SCSI Generic
TCP/IP
Stack
NIC
Driver
Ethernet
NIC
Adapter Driver
SCSI Adapter
SCSI
Initiator
Half-Duplex
SCSI
I/O Channel
SCSI
SCSI
Target
Host System
Initiator
SCSI
Networked
I/O Channel
Channel
Controller
Network
Initiator
SCSI
Fibre
Channel HBA
Fibre Channel
Fabric
Initiator
SCSI
IP Channel
Adapter
IP Network
Target
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IP Storage Networking
IP storage networking provides solution to carry
storage traffic within IP
Uses TCP: a reliable transport for delivery
Applicable to local data center and long-haul applications
Two primary protocols:
iSCSIInternet-SCSIused to transport SCSI CDBs and data
within TCP/IP connections
IP
TCP
iSCSI
SCSI
Data
IP TCP
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FCIP
FC
SCSI
Data
10
What Is iSCSI?
A SCSI transport protocol that operates over TCP/IP
Encapsulates SCSI CDBs (operational commands: e.g. read
or write) and data into TCP/IP byte streams
Allows IP hosts to access IP-based SCSI targets (either natively
or via iSCSI to FC router)
Standards status
RFC 3720 on iSCSI
Collection of RFCs describing iSCSI
RFC 3347iSCSI Requirements
RFC 3721iSCSI Naming and Discover
RFC 3723iSCSI Security
11
SCSI Stream
Commands
FCP
SCSI over FC
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iSCSI
SCSI over TCP/IP
TCP
Layer 3
Network
Transport
Layer 2
Network
IP
Parallel SCSI
Interfaces
Fibre Channel
12
Preamble
8
Type
Well-Known Ports:
21 FTP
25 SMTP
80 HTTP
3225 FCIP
3260 iSCSI
IP
TCP
Data
FCS
4 Octet
iSCSI Targets
Will Listen on
This Port (by
Default)
Opcode-Specific
Fields
Opcode
Destination Port
Sequence
Sequence Number
Number
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgment Number
Window
Initiator-Task Tag
Offset
P S
R FS F
Offset Reserved
Reserved UUA AP R
Opcode-Specific Fields
Checksum
Urgent Pointer
Checksum
Options and Padding
Data Field
TCP Header
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iSCSI Encapsulated
13
IP access to open
systems iSCSI and
Fibre Channel storage
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
Array
(Target)
iSCSI
IP
Network
iSCSI
Router
SN5428 or
MDS9000
with IPS
Module
FC
Fabric
FC HBAAttached
Host
(Initiator)
Storage
Pool (Target)
14
Site A
IP
WAN
Site B
Remote
Mirrors
iSCSI
Device
FC
Fabric
Storage
Pool
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iSCSI Naming
Initiator and target require iSCSI names
Name is location independent
iSCSI node name = SCSI device name of iSCSI device
Associated with iSCSI nodes, NOT adapters
Up to 255-byte displayable/human readable string
(UTF-8 encoding)
Use SLP (Service Location Protocol) V2, iSNS, or query
target for names (SendTargets)
16
Type
iqn
Type
Date
Unique String
Organization
Subgroup Naming Authority or
Naming Authority String Defined by Organization Naming Authority
iqn.1987-05.com.cisco.1234abcdef987601267da232.betty
iqn.2001-04.com.acme.storage.tape.sys1.xyz
Date = yyyy-mm When
Domain Acquired
eui
Type
eui.02004567a425678d
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Network
Portal
10.1.30.4
TCP
iSCSI
Session Session
Network
Portal
10.2.30.3
IP Network
TCP
Portal
Groups Session
Network Portal
Network Portal
Network Portal
10.4.40.21
Port 3260
10.5.40.22
Port 3260, 5000
10.6.40.25
Port 3260
18
iSCSI Sessions
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Discovery:
Contact Target
and Negotiate
Security and
Session
Parameters
DataPDULength=; MaxBurstSize=;
Discovery:
Solicit Available
Targets
Normal Login
Login to Each
Target and
Negotiate
Security and
Session
Parameters
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This
Sequence Is
Repeated for
Every Target
Available to
this Initiator
20
iSCSI Session
iSCSI GW
Device
iSCSI
iSCSI
Host
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iSCSI Discovery
Small networks
Static configuration, initiators, and targets
SendTargets command makes configuration easier
Medium-sized networks
Service Location Protocol (SLP multicast discovery)
Large-sized networks
iSNS (Internet storage-name service)
Includes soft-zone domains
Includes database for ongoing management
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Applications
File System
iSCSI GW Device
Block Device
SCSI Generic
iSCSI GW Module
SCSI Driver
TCP/IP Driver
FC HBA
GigE NIC
iSCSI
TCP/IP
Stack
NIC
Driver
IP Network
SCSI Adapter
NIC
Fibre Channel
iSCSI Path
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Adapter Driver
Conventional
SCSI Path
23
Applications
File System
Block Device
SCSI Generic
iSCSI
TCP/IP Stack
NIC Driver
NIC Adapter
Adapter
Driver
SCSI
Adapter
24
File System
Block Device
SCSI Generic
TCP/IP
Stack
iSCSI
Driver
NIC
Driver
TOE
Driver
TCP processing16-bit
checksum per packet
iSCSIoptional 32-bit
header and data digests
(CRC32C)
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TCP/IP
Stack
HBA
Driver
Adapter
Driver
iSCSI
SCSI Adapter
TCP/IP
Stack
TCP
iSCSI
Offload and TCP
Offload
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
25
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27
Design Considerations
Know your application I/O profile
Know your application throughput
Determine needed availability
Best performance achieved from local
(no latency) dedicated (no competing traffic)
IP storage network
Distance considerations
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iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
Campus
Access
Internet
Campus
Distribution
Campus
Core
Data Center
IPS
IPS
MDS
Web
Servers
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
MDS
FC
Fabric
iSCSI
MDS
MDS
Apps
Servers
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FC
FC
FC
FC
FC
FC
FC
29
Internet
Router/FW
DMZ
LDAP
Slave
DNS
Server
Web
Servers
Mail
Server
Router/FW
App
Servers
MZ
Web
App
Servers
Mail
G/W
Mail
Stor
Router/FW
iSCSI
iSCSI
Area 51
LDAP
Primary
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DNS
Primary
CE
ERP
30
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
Trunking
Port channeling
IPS
IPS
Manageability
VRRP
E
N
D
Shared
Storage Pool
31
Separate logical
IP network but not
necessarily separate
physical network
Can use a VLAN of
existing Ethernet
network
Recommend use of
dedicated NIC on
host for iSCSI
Minimized potential for
bandwidth contention
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Clients
iSCSI
iSCSI
Catalyst
Switches
iSCSI
iSCSI-Enabled
Hosts
Dedicated
IP Storage
Network
iSCSI
Routers
FC
Fabric
Storage
Pool
iSCSI
FC-Attached
Hosts with HBAs
32
Trunking
iSCSI
802.1q trunking
Standard technology, frames
tagged (12 bit for VLAN id) and
multiplexed
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
VLAN 1-4095
Load balancing available based
on IP address, MAC
VLAN termination
Gig2/8.100
Gig2/8.200
Gig2/8.300
Create subinterfacesVLANs
One IP address to each
subinterface
33
GE PortChannel
iSCSI
IPS
MDS
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iSCSI
Catalyst
Increase HA for
large deployment
iSCSI
iSCSI
oooooooo
Static PortChannel
Two adjacent GEs on the
same IPS module form one
PortChannel
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
Vlan 20
Vlan 10
switch(config-(iscsi-init))#vsan 10
switch(config)#vsan database
IP
Network
vrrp
switch(config-vsan-db)#vsan 10
interface iscsi 2/3
VLAN termination
Sub-interface
iSCSI
Clients
iSCSI
IPS
iSCSI based
IPS
sw(config-(iscsi-tgt)#pwwn .
Access control
VLAN and VSAN
mapping
Management
Troubleshooting
sw(config-(iscsi-tgt)#initiator ip
add 51.51.51.51 permit
SAN
Zone based
Sw(config)#zone name marketing
vsan 10
Sw(config-zone)#member ip-add ..
Shared
Storage Pool
Sw(config-zone)#member pwwn
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VSAN 20
VSAN 10
35
Proxy Initiator
iSCSI
Transparent modedefault
10.10.10.1
pWWN-1
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
Proxy initiator
iSCSI
Clients
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
IP
Network
Proxy Initiator
pwwn-proxy
nn:nn:nn:nn:nn:nn:nn:nn
IPS
I0.10.10.10
pWWN-10
Proxy Initiator
IP Address:
10.10.10.100
SAN
Proxy-initiator mode
sw(config)#int iscsi 2/3
sw(config-if)#switchport proxy-initiator nwwn pwwn
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Shared
Storage Pool
36
IVR in iSCSI
Inter-VSAN routing
VSAN 30
VSAN 40
H2 H3
iSCSI
H4 H5
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
H1
iSCSI
H6
iSCSI
IPS
S1
S2
Ivr zones/zoneset
T1
VSAN 50
37
iSNS
iSCSI
iSCSI
Clients
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSNSP
IP
Network
IPS
iSNSP
NS in MDS
iSNS
Server
iSNS Client
SAN
Shared
Storage Pool
38
Application
Application
GPFS
GPFS
Application
GPFS
iSCSI Driver
iSCSI Driver
iSCSI Driver
IP Network
IPS
Metadata
Server
SAN
39
iSCSI
WAN
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
Core
Core
iSCSI
Campus Network
iSCSI
Data Center
Wide-Area Network
40
Rate limiting
Drop packets when limit is reached
Both inbound and outbound
CAR
41
QoS on IPS
iSCSI traffic to be marked as high priority traffic in
the IP networktcp port 3260
DSCP value set for iSCSI traffic on each iSCSI port
Apply to both control and data frames
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iSCSI Read
Target
Initiator
IP Network
Fibre Channel
FC
SAN
iSCSI
iSCSI Data-in
iSCSI Data-in
FCP Data
FCP Data
43
iSCSI Write
Target
Initiator
IP Network
If R2T
Required,
Then iSCSI
Data Out
Must Wait
Fibre Channel
FC
SAN
iSCSI
r)
R2T (Ready to Transfe
iSCSI Data Out
iSCSI Data Out
iSCSI Status=good
Transfer Ready
FCP Data
FCP Data
Two Round
Trips for
FCP Write
SCSI Status=Good
44
Throughput in iSCSI
SCSI controls data movement
Latency impact on throughput
Throughput is calculated:
total data transmitted/
end-to-end latency
Factors contribute to latency:
equipment, protocol, distance
The larger the distance,
the longer the latency
1ms/300km
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Time
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Slow Start
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Congestion Avoidance
46
47
48
49
iSCSI
iSCSI
IPS
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
Campus Network
50
IPS
IPS
Web services
iSCSI iSCSI iSCSI iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
Core
IPS
IPS
NAS
Filer
GPFS
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NAS
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
NFS Server
51
Blade Servers
Blade Servers
Ethernet
Switch
Ethernet
Switch
Ethernet
Switch
Ethernet
Switch
iSCSI
IP
DHCP Server
TFTP Server
IPS
End Users
SAN
RADIUS Server
Boot Image
for Diskless
Servers
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MDS
LUN 0
LUN 1
LUN 2
LUN 3
LUN 0
LUN 1
LUN 2
LUN 3
LUN 0
LUN 1
LUN 2
LUN 3
LUN 0
LUN 1
LUN 2
LUN 3
Shared Storage
Pool
2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
52
iSCSI
Metro
Network
iSCSI
IPS
IPS
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
53
iSCSI
iSCSI
WAN
Heterogeneous OS and
storage array
Distance impact
Transport be Sonet, lease line, FR, etc.
Large distance
Latency impact on operators/end users
from user-experience stand point
Latency impact on applicationsfrom
performance and throughput stand point
IPS
IPS
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
54
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Storage
Controller
Application
Link
Failure
Controller or
Interface Failure
Disk
Failure
56
57
Application
Multipathing
Active
iSCSI Driver
pWWN a
Active
pWWN b
Multipathing
Software Balances
i/o over Available
iSCSI Interfaces
Primary Path
Application
Multipathing
iSCSI Driver
Active
pWWN a
Passive
pWWN b
Multipathing
Software Monitors
Active iSCSI Path
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Real GigE
Address
IP: 10.0.0.2
MAC: 00000f123456
Switch A
Storage Array
IP
Network
10.0.0.200
Virtual Address
IP: 10.0.0.1
MAC: 00000fabcdef
iSCSI
Initiator Configured
to See Targets at
Virtual Address
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pWWN a
Switch B
59
LUNs must be visible over both ports (e.g. pWWN a and pWWN b)
Some targets require receipt of a Trespass command to invoke the export of LUs
to the passive port
iSCSI Virtual Target = abc
Primary Access = pWWN a
Secondary Access = pWWN b
Storage Array
pWWN a
iSCSI
10.0.0.200
10.0.0.1
pWWN b
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LUN Must
Be Visible
Through Both
Controller Ports
60
10.2.2.2
Virtual IP
10.1.1.1
Fibre
Channel
Fabric
iqn.email.tgt2
VRRP
iqn.email.tgt1
iSCSI
iqn.email.tgt1
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62
Network Boot
Typical iSCSI client (e.g. host server)
loads in the following order:
1. Operating system (e.g. Windows 2000, Linux)
2. Network
3. iSCSI client driver
63
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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DHCP
Server
iSCSI
Driver
ROM
Extension
Network
Driver
2
4
UNDI
Driver
NIC
9
System
BIOS
iSCSI Server
e.g. SN5428 or
MDS9000 IPS-8
TFTP
Server
Fibre Channel
C:
D:
E:
Fibre Channel
Attached
Storage Array
64
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
iSCSI
IP Address
DHCP Server
TFTP Server
Information
TFTP Server
Inbp.com
IPS
Master Server
iSCSI Disks
as Boot
Disks
Boot Image
for Diskless
Servers
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Shared
Storage
Pool
65
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67
iSCSI Host
IP Access
Target
Cisco
MDS 9000
Family
ACLS
VLANs/PVLANs Host
IPSec VPN
Firewalls
iSCSI Authentication
LUN Masking/Mapping
Zoning
Advanced Zoning
LUN Zoning
Read-Only Zoning
RADIUS
SAN Management
AAA Authentication
SSH, Radius,
SNMPv3, SFTP
68
LUN masking
Defining relationship between iSCSI hosts and
storage devices
Detailed into LUN level
Performed at array controller
iSCSI hosts can be represented by proxy initiator in MDS
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70
User1/pwd1
User2/pwd2
/
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Initiator Name:
iqn.really.bigserver1
Username: iscsiuser1
iqn.target1
username: User1
iqn.target2
username: User2
FC
FC
71
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IPSec VPN
VPN tunnel for iSCSI remote access
Port security
Allow, block, or restrain access to Ethernet based on
MAC address
73
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75
76
iSCSI Hosts
in Default
Zone
Dual-Homed
iSCSI Hosts
FCIP Links
Fibre
Channel
Hosts
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Logical Representation
and Mapping on MDS
IP Addr 10.1.1.1
iqn.initiator.abc
IP Addr 10.1.1.2
iqn.target.abc
IP Network
pWWN 12:3478
fcid 0x550002
iSCSI
Fibre Channel
Fabric
pWWN 12:3456
fcid 0x550001
FC Targets Presented
as iSCSI Targets
iqn.def.123
iqn.ghi.456
pWWN a
iSCSI
FC
IP
iSCSI
iqn.abc.123
iqn.jkl.555
pWWN c
pWWN b
ip Addr 10.1.1.1
iqn.initiator.abc
ip Addr 10.1.1.2
iqn.target.xyz
FC
pWWN A
fcid 0x550001
pWWN B
fcid 0x550002
FC
Fibre Channel
Fabric
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IP Network
iSCSI
81
IP Addr 10.1.1.2
iqn.target.abc
FC
pWWN 12:3478
fcid 0x550002
FC
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FC
MDS1(config-iscsi-tgt)# pWWN
12:34..78 (Real pWWN of Target)
pWWN 12:3478
fcid 0x550002
MDS1(config-iscsi-tgt)# initiator
iqn.initiator.abc (Initiator iqn.xxx or ip
Address that Can Access this Target)
FC
MDS1(config-iscsi-tgt)# advertise
interface gig 2/1 (Interface to Be
Advertised, Default Is All GE Ports)
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iSCSI
pWWN 12:3456
fcid 0x550001
84
iSCSI
pWWN 12:3456
fcid 0x550001
MDS1(config-iscsi-init)#
nWWN 22:22..56
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Interface Configurations
First enable iSCSI
sw(config)# iSCSI enable
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Use Switch
WWN Pool
to Keep
pWWN
Persistent
System
Dynamic
Assign Without
Persistency
Can Be Multiple
VSANs for
Trunking
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Useful If All
LUNs in FC Are
to Be Available
to iSCSI
LUN Mapping
Provides
Flexibility When
not All FC Luns
Are Exposed
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Enable Trespass
to Allow Standby
Link to Become
Active in the Even
of Primary Failure
89
MDS9000 Configuration:
iscsi virtual-target name iqn.email
pWWN 20:00:07:63:00:c5:87:52
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MDS Switch
Target
iqn.email
LUN 0
LUN 0
LUN 1
LUN 1
LUN 2
LUN 3
Serial# 00118874
90
Target-Only
Target
Email
Local Disk (D:)
Local Disk (E:)
Local Disk (F:)
Local Disk (G:)
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MDS Switch
Mapping
WWPN: 20:00:07:63:00:
c5:87:52 Loopid: 129
Serial# 00018874
LUN 0
LUN 0
LUN 1
LUN 1
LUN 2
LUN 3
Serial# 00118874
91
MDS Switch
WWPN: 20:00:07:
63:00:c5:87:52
LUN 0
Target
iqn.email
LUN 0
LUN 1
Serial# 00018874
Serial# 00118874
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Target Web
LUN 0
Target DB
LUN 0
Target-only
Mapping
WWPN: 20:00:07:63:00:bb:cc:dd
LUN 0
LUN 0 Serial# 00019876
LUN 1
LUN 1 Serial# 00119876
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Access Control
iSCSI-based
sw(config)# iscsi virtual-target iqn.com.cisco.target.abc
sw(config-(iscsi-tgt))# initiator <name> permit
Or sw(config-(iscsi-tgt))# initiator <ip address> permit
Or sw(config-(iscsi-tgt))# all-initiator-permit
sw(config-(iscsi-tgt))# advertise interface <interface>
Zone-based
sw(config)# zone name iscsi-zone vsan 100
sw(config-zone)# member pwwn 21:00:00:20:37:4b:9a:bc
sw(config-zone)# member ip-address 10.10.10.1
sw(config-zone)# member symbolic-nodename
iqn.com.cisco.initiator.abc
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Summary
Leverages the existing IP infrastructure
Hence the intelligence, capacity, and best practice design
can be leveraged in the iscsi infrastructure
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Reference Materials
http://www.t10.org/
http://www.t11.org/index.htm
http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html on RFC 3720
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/hw/p
s4159/index.html
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Associated Sessions
OPT-1051Introduction to Storage Technologies
and Applications
OPT-2051Fibre Channel Storage Area Network
Design
OPT-2052FCIP Design and Implementation
OPT-2054Storage Networking Security
OPT-3052Troubleshooting MDS 9000 IP Storage
Area Networks
Refer to the session listing on the Networkers
Speaker website at:
http://wwwin.cisco.com/Mkt/events/nw/2004/speaker.html
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Appendix
SCSISmall Computer
System Interface
iSCSIinternet SCSI
DMZDemilitarized Zone
FCFibre Channel
MZMilitarized Zone
CDBCommand Descriptor
Block
IVRInter-VSAN Routing
R2TReady To Transfer
LUNLogical Unit Number
SLPService Location Protocol
IQN iSCSI Qualified Name
99
Appendix: (Cont.)
CQCustom Queuing
FIFOFirst In First Out
WFQWeighted Fair Queuing
DSCPDifferentiated Services
Code Point
SSSlow Start
CACongestion Avoidance
MWSMaximum Window Size
SACKSelective
Acknowledgment
RPMRotations Per Minute
RAIDRedundant Arrays of
Inexpensive Disks
DWDMDense Wavelength
Division Multiplexing
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CWDMCoarse Wavelength
Division Multiplexing
DRDisaster Recovery
VRRPVirtual Router
Redundancy Protocol
BIOSBasic Input/Output System
ROMRead-only Memory
SNMP v3Simple Network
Management Protocol, version 3
SSHSecure Shell
SSLSecure Socket Layer
AAAAuthentication
Authorization Accounting
RADIUSRemote Authentication
Dial-in User Service
100
Appendix: (Cont.)
TACACS+Terminal Access Controller Access
Control System
RBACRole-Based Access Control
CHAPChallenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CFMCisco Fabric Manager
CDMCisco Device Manager
SPANSwitched Port Analyzer
MDSMultilayer Director Switch
IPSIP Service (module)
PAAPort Analyzer Adapter
CS+Terminal Access Controller Access Control System
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Q AND A
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WHY:
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