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Documentos de Profesional
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A Research Paper
Presented to
The Panel of Evaluators of
Special Science and Technology Class
Capiz National High School
In Partial Fulfilment
Of the Subject Research II
By
Kimberly Ann Alcazaren
IV-Curie
July 5,2012
Introduction
Environmental
confronting
the
degradation
world,
and
is
the
rampant
major
use
threat
of
chemical
carbon
resources.
dioxide
It
leads
(CO2)
to
and
loss
of
contamination
soil
of
fertility
water
due
to
is
ecological
growing
and
realization
sustainable
that
farming
the
adoption
practices
can
of
only
to
depletion
the
of
deterioration
fossil
fuels,
of
the
generation
environment
of
carbon
through
dioxide
3
The increase in generation of wastes can be harmful if
not disposed properly. Most of these organic residues are
burned currently or used as land fillings. This process not
only reduces the available fertile land, which was used to
produce
food
and
raw
materials,
but
also
pollutes
air,
became
petrochemical
predominant
based
with
feedstock.
extensive
The
damaging
use
of
long-term
environmental impacts and resource depletion indicate unsustainability of the current methods. Attention is once
again
on
biochemical
appropriate
pathways
biological
with
organisms.
the
intervention
There
are
of
numerous
and
only
intermittently
fraction
processed
in
(less
mechanical
than
compost
10%)
is
plants.
(Shekdar, 1999).
Nowadays,
due
to
the
increasing
cost
of
chemical
4
practices lead to an in-depth search for an economically
viable
alternative.
The
primary
solution
to
convert
the
with
It
regard
also
to
proved
industrial
itself
as
and
economical
natures
wonder
ability
to
convert
elements
such
as
minerals,
excretion
that
contains
the
vastest
amount
of
plant
is
called
Vermicast
or
Vermicompost.
as
the
closest
resemblance
of
balanced
and
Vermicomposting
compost
with
the
is
use
a
of
method
of
earthworms.
preparing
It
is
one
enriched
of
the
5
easiest
methods
to
recycle
produce
quality
compost.
agricultural
Earthworms
wastes
consume
and
biomass
to
and
growth
promoting
substances,
beneficial
soil
physicochemical
useful
in
enriches
and
raising
soil
biological
seedlings
quality
by
properties.
and
for
improving
It
crop
is
its
highly
production.
farming
system.
(ICAR
Research
Complex
for
NEH
6
Statement of the Problem
Chicken
(Gallus
gallus
domesticus)
Manure
on
the
of
the
African
Night
Crawlers
(EudriluseugeniaeK.)?
2. Is there a significant difference in using the Broiler
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Manure and the Layer
Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Manure on the amount
of
Vermicast
produced
by
the
African
Night
Crawlers
(EudriluseugeniaeK.)?
3. What is the Macro Analysis of the Vermicast that will be
produced
by
the
(EudriluseugeniaeK.)
using
African
the
Night
Broiler
Chicken
Crawlers
(Gallus
7
4. What is the Micro Analysis of the Vermicast that will be
produced
by
the
(EudriluseugeniaeK.)
African
using
the
Night
Broiler
Crawlers
Chicken
(Gallus
1. There
is
no
significant
difference
in
using
the
2. There
is
no
significant
difference
in
using
the
produced
by
(EudriluseugeniaeK.)
the
using
African
the
Night
Crawlers
Cultured
Chicken
8
(Gallus
gallus
domesticus)
Manure
and
the
Native
produced
by
the
(EudriluseugeniaeK.)
(Gallus
gallus
African
using
domesticus)
the
Manure
Night
Crawlers
Cultured
Chicken
and
the
Native
Vermicomposting
is
an
eco-friendly,
economical,
opportunities
for
self-employment
for
rural
plant
protection
practices
and
recommendations
for
9
such
as
(Follet,
compost
1981).
or
Vermicompost
Therefore,
the
for
crop
sustainability
production
has
to
be
from
the
inexpensive
cost,
nutritional
and
eco-
environmental
benefits
of
Vermitechnology
of
harmful
micro
organisms;
10
Definition of Terms
Physico-chemical
refer
to
those
characters
altering
the
chemical
properties,
material's
chemical
properties
composition
on
properties
reaction;
established
only
of
the
that
that
by
that
Physical
can
the
be
hand,
becomes
is,
changing
any
a
observed
substance
other
properties
is
evident
quality
without
while
any
the
of
during
that
substance's
can
a
a
be
chemical
internal
structure
must
be
affected
for
its
11
In this study, it refers to the physical properties
like pH and the amount of vermicast produced and chemical
properties
like
presence
of
nitrogen,
phosphorus
and
potassium.
enzyme
involving
the
acts. Enzymes
substrate(s).
catalyzechemical reactions
In
the
case
of
single
into
one
or
more
products,
which
are
then
released from the active site. The active site is now free
to accept another substrate molecule. In the case of more
than one substrate, these may bind in a particular order to
the
active
site,
before
reacting
together
to
produce
different
organic
In
this
study,
it
refers
to
the
12
In this study, it refers to the fecal matter produced
by the African night crawlers.
this
study,
it
refers
to
the
process
by
which
African
Night
Crawlers
(EudriluseugeniaeK.)
study
was
limited
using
four
treatments:
13
(7500 organic materials, 1500g Broiler Chicken manure and
1000g garden soil). The study was conducted within the span
of 90 days. The efficiency of the treatments was evaluated
using the following parameters: physical properties like pH
and amount of Vermicast produced and chemical properties
which include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium level in
it. The physico-chemical analysis of Vermicast was done at
the Department of Agriculture- Region VI, Iloilo City.
Completely
Randomized
Design
(CRD)
was
used
having
ANOVA,
and
the
Tukey
Simultaneous
Comparison
for
14
Table 1 below shows the treatments and replications in this
investigation.
Replicates
Duration of
Treatment
90 days
90 days
90 days
90 days
Control Variable
Garden Soil
1
90 days
15
Table 2: Treatments and Replicates.
Treatments
Treatment A
Organic Materials 7500 g
Pig manure 1500 g
Garden Soil 1000 g
Treatment B
Organic Materials 7500 g
Chicken manure 1500 g
Garden Soil 1000 g
Treatment C
Organic Materials 7500 g
Goat manure 1500 g
Garden Soil 1000 g
Replicates
Duration of
Treatment
30 days
30 days
30 days
Treatments
Weight Gain
Mean
Treatment A
R1
R2
R3
R1
R2
R3
R1
R2
R3
Treatment B
Treatment C
16
Table 4: Amount of Vermicast produced
Treatments
Amount of Vermicast
Mean
produced
A
R1
R2
R3
R1
R2
R3
R1
R2
R3
Table 4: pH-value
Treatments
Amount of Vermicast
produced
R1
R2
R3
R1
R2
R3
R1
R2
R3
Mean
17
Table 5: Chemical Components of Vermicast
Determination(%)
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorous(P2O5)
Potassium (K2O)
Treatment A
Treatment B
Treatment C
18
Chapter 2
earthworms
is
known
as
Vermicomposting
(Dominguez
et
is
involving
an
the
important
use
of
aspect
of
earthworms
for
Vermicomposting
helps
to
process
wastes
to
change
polluted,
costly
chemical
farming
to
it
into
great
natural
fertilizer
called
19
vermicompost.
Vermi compost
contains:
worm
castings
is
obtained
from
finely-shredded,
most
of
peat-like
the
organic
material
with
media.
Atiyeh
et
al.
(2000a,
b)
showed
increase
in
pepper
plant
leaf
area,
shoot
amendment.
The
end
result
is
called
20
vermicompost,wormpoop
or
worm
castings
(Padma
et
al.,
2002).
Earthworms
As
explained
by
Edwards
(1995),
earthworms
ingest
through
grinding
gizzard
that
they
all
process
feet
deep
layers
of
suitable
organic
on
the
process
by
which
earthworms
transform
resulting
stabilized
compost.
material,
casts,
Orozco
but
compared
(1996)
to
very
few
synthetic
investigated
were
based
fertilizers
the
on
and
ability
to
enrich
coffee
pulp
through
21
originally, but a minimum of 178 ppm of available nitrogen
and 0.86% extractable C were found in the casts, along with
higher P, Ca and Mg values, with a decrease in K content
only.
Earthworms
(Pashanasi,
1992).
increase
nitrogen
mineralization
1992; Parmelee,
rate
1988; Ruz-Jerez,
to
the
increase
in
oxidized
due
to
soil
day,
but
under
ideal
conditions,
they
are
able
to
with
the
possible
exception
of
rabbit
manure
both
the
solid
and
liquid
composts
is
remarkable
22
Physico- Chemical Composition
Vermicast
Compost
pH
6.5-7.5
Organic carbon % 20.43 30.31
N %
1.8 2.05
P %
1.32 1.93
K %
1.28 1.50
Carbon : Nitrogen 14-15 : 1
Ca %
3.0 4.5
Mg %
0.4 0.7
Na %
0.02 0.30
S %
Traces to 0.40
Fe %
0.3 0.7
Zn %
0.028 0.036
Mn %
Traces to 0.40
Cu %
0.0027 0.0123
7.7
16.93
2.79
0.49
3.48
6
1.36
0.68
0.61
0.19
0.016
0.008
0.015
0.00004
Chicken
Manure
5.8
4
1.6
3.25
3.25
0.7
0.07
0.5
0.19
0.0052
0.52
0.007
is
in
the
P2O5 plant
available
format.
K+,
vermicomposting
SO42-S
is
and
Mg2+ after
significantly
higher
process
than
that
of
of
23
Chapter3
Methodology
Materials
These are the following materials used in the study:
10 sacks ofroiler and Layer Chicken manure, bamboo slabs, 3
kg. Earthworms, organic materials (rice straw, non-colored
papers, shredded dried leaves and grasses,plastic cover,
and garden soil)
General Procedure
The organic materials are composed of a mixture of
shredded dried rice straw, leaves and papers. The shredded
organic material was transferred to a suitable bed to allow
them to undergo anaerobic decomposition for at least 14
days. It was covered first with a plastic sheet to minimize
aeration; a little amount of water was used sprinkled on
the heap. Then it was transferred to the Vermicomposting
bin
where
animal
manure
was
crawler (EudriluseugeniaeK.).
added
with
African
night
24
The
ratio
of
the
vermicompost
heap
was:
75:15:10,
For
euginae
every
was
10
kg
used.
sprinkled
(at
moisture
required
of
The
least
vermicompost
vermicompost
once
by
the
week)
heap,
heap
with
earthworms
was
tap
for
kg
of
E.
regularly
water
growth
for
and
for
the
whole
duration
of
the
vermicomposting
When
90
100%
of
the
organic
materials
was
from
the
vermicompost.
The
earthworm
was
transferred to a suitable medium for future use. Newlyharvested vermicompost was air-dried for 3-7 days or when
the moisture content of the vermicompost was about 15% and
then be passed through a 2 mm sieve. Materials that did not
pass through the sieve was returned to the vermicompost
beds for the next production cycle.
25
A chemical analysis of the vermicompost was conducted
at the Regional Laboratory of Department of Agriculture,
Iloilo City following the standard methods.
Statistical Procedure
Results were
26
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Wani,
Why