Republica De Colombia
Director:
Csar Antonio Molina
Secretario:
Joaqun de la Infiesta greda
Director de Gabinete:
Javier Lanza Garca
Director de Cultura:
Xos Luis Garca Canido
Presidente de la Repblica
lvaro Uribe Velez
Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores
Fernando Arajo Perdomo
Viceministro de Asuntos Multilaterales
Adriana Meja Hernndez
Secretaria General
Mara Del Pilar Ordoez
Directora de Asuntos Culturales
Mara Claudia Parias Durn
Asesora, Direccin de Asuntos
Culturales
Mercedes Rodrguez De Gaitn
NIPO. 503-07-006-7
Febrero 2007
Nadn Ospina, para cuya organizacin hemos podido contar con la colaboracin
del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Colombia, por la que quiero expresar
formalmente nuestro agradecimiento institucional.
El trabajo de Nadn Ospina, que goza de una alta estima en los medios ms
prestigiosos del circuito artstico internacional, nos permite apreciar la forma ms
sutil de violencia de la representacin: la capacidad de apropiacin y superposicin
de los acervos y tradiciones culturales por parte de los ncleos de poder de la
imagen y la comunicacin, en esta era de cultura global. Lo que Nadn Ospina pone
de manifiesto en sus obras es cmo la imagen Disney, o todas las formas actuales
de dibujos animados con su esquematismo y eficacia comunicativa, contaminan y
se funden con los universos rituales y religiosos de la imagen, destruyendo sus
sentidos originarios, y llevndolos a un nico cdigo de representacin.
Pour son organisation, nous avons pu compter sur la collaboration du Ministre des
Affaires trangres de Colombie, une collaboration pour laquelle je tiens manifester
formellement nos remerciements institutionnels.
Le travail de Nadn Ospina, qui jouit dune grande considration dans les milieux les
plus prestigieux du circuit artistique international, nous permet dapprcier la forme
la plus subtile de violence de la reprsentation : cette capacit dont font preuve les
centres dcisionnels qui contrlent limage et de la communication sapproprier et
superposer les patrimoines et les hritages culturels, et ce, notre poque, celle de
la culture globale. Ce que Nadn Ospina met en vidence dans ses uvres, cest la
faon dont limage Disney , ou toutes les formes actuelles de dessins anims, avec
leur schmatisme et leur efficacit communicative, contaminent les univers rituels et
religieux de limages et se fondent avec eux, au point de dtruire leurs sens originels
et de les mener un seul code de reprsentation.
Lexposition que Nadn Ospina ralise Paris, spcifiquement conue pour notre Salle
dExpositions comme un nouveau dveloppement de sa srie Colombialand, met
tout particulirement laccent sur la critique des visions topiques et des strotypes
qui, depuis lextrieur, sont appliqus la Colombie. Dans ce cas prcis, les images
lego, subverties de faon critique et ironique, nous permettent de mieux voir et de
mieux comprendre le monde dans lequel nous vivons, une des missions les plus
importantes de lart. Dans Colombialand, avec une grande intensit dans la synthse
plastique, ce qui nous est rvl cest la faon dont les clichs et les strotypes
contaminent tout, mme ce qui est prtendument le plus innocent : lunivers des
jouets, o, ds lenfance, se gnre et prend forme une conception du monde.
Jos Jimnez
Directeur de lInstituto Cervantes de Paris
Tout comme Nadn Ospina, qui le fait depuis lart, jai frquemment rflchi sur
les rfrents qui ont cours sur la Colombie dans les mdia, la presse, et les
productions cinmatographiques ltranger. Cest pour cette raison que je
trouve lexposition Colombialand particulirement intressante, dans la mesure
o elle aborde et questionne les stigmatisations qui dnaturent les regards
ports sur ce pays.
Selon les propos de lartiste lui-mme, ce projet remonte au jour o il a observ
avec intrt sa fille jouer avec des bonhommes Lego quil lui avait lui-mme
offerts. Ces pices faisaient partie de la srie Aventuriers de lentreprise danoise.
Le jeu reposait sur le voyage dexploration dun professeur et dun dtective dans
des pays exotiques dAmrique latine. Les personnages se prsentaient sous la
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11
est un facteur qui estompe le poids des cultures. Elle invite galement
rflchir sur la manire dont ce phnomne, utilis comme thme par lart,
peut servir aux trangers, voire aux Colombiens eux-mmes btir des
lectures pleines de prjugs sur notre ralit complexe.
Fernando Arajo Perdomo. Ministre des Affaires trangres
Approuv par Adriana Meja, Vice-ministre des Affaires Multilatrales
Prpar par MCP.
13
La serie del Grand rve amricain (Gran sueo americano), que Nadn Ospina
present en Lyon en el marco de la exposicin Partage dexostimes (Compartiendo
exotismos) en el 2000, se inscribe de forma emblemtica en aquel culto del
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15
16
17
19
daventures sur fond dexotisme. Cest dans ce contexte que Nadn Ospina
repre un certain nombre de thmes troitement lis lAmrique Latine : des
pyramides sur fond de paysage luxuriant, des statues prcolombiennes, des
squelettes, mais surtout des personnages patibulaires, au regard froce et
arms jusquaux dents de fusils, pistolets, poignards et machettes Ospina
met immdiatement en relation cette srie de strotypes avec un numro
de la revue National Geographic du mois de juillet 2004, titrant : Colombie,
pays de la cocane , montrant en couverture une guerillera exhibant
un fusil-mitrailleur. Nadn Ospina dcle entre ses deux vnements
une construction idologique qui identifie dsormais lAmrique Latine,
et singulirement la Colombie, un nouvel exotisme post-colonial faisant
cohabiter guerre rvolutionnaire, prostitution et narcotrafic sur un fond de
vieux clichs paradisiaques.
Nadin Ospina voit dans cette collusion dun jeu enfantin avec lidologie
20
22
dispense par les mdias, une manire denfermer lAmrique Latine dans
une imagerie o la violence fait dsormais office de nouveau strotype. En
se rappropriant certains personnages (typs sud amricains ) du jeu de
Lego, en les agrandissant physiquement, en renforant certains traits, Nadn
Ospina donne voir le cynisme implicite qui les traverse. Car en dpit de leur
aspect apparemment bienveillant et inoffensif, ces jouets transportent une
idologie perfide et perverse transformant les habitants des contres latinoamricaines en protagonistes caricaturaux dun spectacle daventures qui
charrie les pires imageries racistes et xnophobes. A la manipulation perverse
opre par les crateurs de ces jouets, Nadn Ospina oppose ses propres
manipulations visuelles, qui font affleurer un point de vue dlibrment
critique et politique. Le grossissement du jeu de construction, le passage de la
matire plastique originelle, au polyester, la peinture, voire la cramique,
opre une mise distance qui met en exergue et en lumire les arrire-plans
28
31
32
35
36
39
40
42
43
48
51
TEXTOS EN INGLS
TEXTES EN ANGLAIS
of pictures and merges into them, to the point that it destroys their original
meanings and leads them to a single code of representation.
Nadn Ospinas Paris exhibition, especially designed for our Exhibition Room as
a new development of his Columbialand series, lays particular emphasis on an
indictment of the commonplace and stereotypical vision which, from outside of
Columbia, is applied to that country. In this particular case, the critically and
ironically subverted Lego imagery allows us to see and understand better the
world in which we live, thus fulfilling one of arts most important missions. In
Columbialand, what is revealed to us, through highly intense and synthetic plastic
work, is the way in which clichs and stereotypes contaminate everything, even
what is supposedly the most innocent, that is to say the world of toys, a place
where, from childhood, our world vision develops and takes its shape.
Jos Jimnez
Director of the Cervantes Institute in Paris
In the context of this programmes interest for Latin-American talent, today sees
a fantastic opportunity to exhibit the work of a great Columbian artist. For its
organisation, we have been able to rely on the collaboration of the Columbian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a collaboration for which I wish to formally express
here, on behalf of the Institute, our warmest thanks.
Nadn Ospinas work, which is well-considered in the most prestigious circles
of the world art circuit, raises our awareness to the most subtle form of
representational violence, that is to say the communication and media-controlling
authorities tendency, in our time of globalised culture, to appropriate and
superimpose different cultures and historical backgrounds. What Nadn
Ospina highlights in his work is the way in which the Disney imagery (or
any other current types of cartoons for that matter), with its oversimplification
and communicative efficiency, contaminates the ritual and religious universes
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61
As Nadn Ospina does from the angle of art, I have often mulled over the
stereotyped images of Columbia circulating abroad and discernible in the
media, in the major newspapers, and in the movies. That is why I find Columbia
Land particularly interesting, as an approach tackling and questioning a
stigmatisation which distorts the way people look at Columbia.
From what the artist has himself said, the idea for this project dates back from
the day where he watched with interest his daughter play with Lego figurines
he had himself bought for her. These pieces belonged to the Danish firms
Adventurers series. Its theme revolved around the expedition of a scholar
and a detective to faraway Latin-American countries. The characters appeared
as filthy and violent wild men, the landscapes evoked that of the impenetrable
jungle, while parrots and pre-Columbian items added up to the atmosphere.
about the use of violent stereotype-engendering images which not only leave
their imprints on the collective unconscious, but also shape numerous LatinAmerican artworks. This is what Nadn has expressed in the following terms:
Violence, one of the seams of our culture and our media that we export and
which foreign countries are the most eager to mine, bases its success on the
ingenuity, the puritanism and the guilty feelings of an audience craving heartwrenching pictures, as well as on the paternalistic streak of a critique craving
victimised artists and victims documented in art, with the hope that these victims
be real and authentic, as in these snuff movies which give you goose-bumps.
The work of Nadn Ospina which the Columbian Ambassy in France introduces
to the public is an invitation to think over the way the creation of stigmata
weakens the weight of a given culture. It also invites our reflection on the way
this phenomenon, here turned into an artistic theme, can sometimes be used
by foreigners, or even by the Columbian themselves, to elaborate prejudiceridden readings of a complex reality.
Fernando Arajo Perdomo. Foreign Minister
One can appreciate the result of the reflections Nadn undertook, with this private
family experience as his starting point, in the Columbia Land exhibition it is our
immense privilege to present today at the Cervants Institute in Paris. This
exhibition is doubly important. One the one hand, this artistic contribution is
particularly evocative: it seeks to demystify the choice of violence as an element
which could be used to characterise cultures as varied, rich and complex as those
of Latin-America. On the other hand, it gives one of the most outstanding Columbian
artists of our time the opportunity to exhibit his latest work in Europe.
Prepared by MCP.
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63
The Great American Dream series that Nadn Ospina presented in Lyons,
France, as part of the 2000 Shared Exoticisms exhibition, is allegorically
in line with this generalised cult of the cargo of signs which makes up
arts political economy in these times of globalisation (whose effects are
discernible in art works as different from one another as that of the Belgian
Wim Delvoye or the Anglo-Nigerian Yinka Shonibare). In this series, the
Columbian artist turns North-American popular cultural icons (e.g. Mickey
Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Goofy, Donald Duck or the Simpson family) into
Moche ceramics or Chac Mool sculptures. This transmigration (the term
is N.O.s) of the comics iconography into pre-Columbian statuary, achieves a
hybridization, or rather, a creolisation, both from a material and an ideological
point of view. Indeed, it is about simultaneously subverting set figures (see
the passage of 2D to 3D) from the yankee popular imagination and some
cultural clichs from Latin-America. The creolisation achieved by Ospina
fulfils two aims, for his work is about pointing, in an ironic and critical way,
to the pre-eminence of the American model --which ultimately imposes
itself as the universal model (N.O. talks about pop-colonialism)-- and
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stereotype. By re-appropriating some Lego characters (labelled as SouthAmerican), by enlarging their dimensions, exaggerating some of their
features, N.O. brings to light the implicit cynicism which informs them. For
in spite of their seemingly benevolent and harmless aspects, these toys
convey a pernicious and perverse ideology, turning the inhabitants of LatinAmerican countries into the caricatural protagonists of an adventure show
fuelled by the most despicable racist and xenophobic prejudices. Nadn
Ospina pits the perverse manipulation achieved by the designers of these
toys against his own visual manipulations where one senses a deliberately
critical and political point of view. The enlargement of the Lego blocks, the
transition from the original plastic to polyester, painting or ceramics achieve
a distancing which exhibits and highlights the ideological preconceptions
behind these toys.
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67
TRAYECTORIA
TRAJECTOIRE
Nadn Ospina
Bogot, Colombia. 1960
2000
. Arqueologa y turismo. Galera El Museo. Bogot.
. Refiguraciones. Biblioteca de la Universidad EAFIT. Medelln.
1999
. Viaje al fondo de la tierra. Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogot.
Exposiciones Individuales
2007
. Colombialand. Instituto Cervantes. Pars. Muestra itinerante.
2006
. Trnsitos. Centro Cultural Skandia. Bogot.
1998
. Instinto caribe. Galera Nina Menocal. Mxico D.F.
. Espacio y Color. Biblioteca Pblica Piloto. Medelln.
1996
. El gran sueo americano. Galera Arte Contemporneo. Mxico D.F.
2005
. Colombia Land. Galera Mundo. Bogot.
1993
. Fausto. Galera Arte 19. Bogot.
. Bizarros y Crticos. Galera Arte 19. Bogot.
2004
. Colombia Land. Centro cultural de la Universidad de Salamanca. Bogot.
1992
. Nadn Ospina. Galera Astrid Paredes. Caracas. Venezuela.
2003
. El ojo del tigre. Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogot.
1991
. Nadn Ospina. Galera Arte 19. Bogot.
2002
. The Ground & the Real by Nadin Ospina Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde
(Museo Nacional de Etnologa). Leiden. Holanda.
1990
. The Strategists. Art Gallery of Western Australia. Perth, Australia.
2001
. Pop Colonialismo. Fundacin Teortica. San Jos de Costa Rica.
. One-person show. FIAC 2001. Galera El Museo. Porte de Versalles. Pars.
70
1985
. Collages. Nuevos Nombres. Casa de Moneda. Bogot.
71
Exposiciones Colectivas
2007
. dis Place. Galera Glynn Vivian de Swansea. Reino Unido.
2006
. Primera Bienal del aire. Museo de Arte Contemporneo de Caracas.
. Mickey dans tous ses tats. Artcurial. Pars
. Stilbiuti. Centro de Arte Contemporneo Zamek Ujazdowski. Varsovia. Polonia.
. Java Fest Art in Public Places .City of Aurora. Colorado. U.S.A.
2005
. The Hours. Visual Arts of Contemporary Latin America. IMMA. Irish Museum
of Modern Art.
. Ecos y contrastes. Arte contemporneo en la Coleccin Cisneros. Museo de
Arte y Diseo Contemporneo, San Jos, Costa Rica.
. Zaragoza latina. Cantos Cuentos Colombianos - Arte colombiano contemporneo.
Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza.
2004
. Cantos cuentos Colombianos. Daros-Latinamrica. Zrich. Suiza.
2003
. ev+a Exhibition of visual art. Limerick City. Ireland.
. Comic Release: Negotiating Identity for a New Generation. Carnegie Mellon
University, Tour to travel to 4-5 other venues. Contemporary Arts Center:
New Orleans.
. Time Capsule. Art in General. New York.
. In the realm of the absurd. Contemporary Art Gallery, Sacred Heart
University, Fairfield, Connecticut.
72
2002
. Rayuela/Hopscotch: Fifteen Contemporary Latin American Artists. University
Art Gallery, The University of Scranton. Mahady Gallery, Marywood University.
Pennsylvania.
. Transit. UECLAA. Universidad de Essex. Inglaterra.
2001
. Mondial. Gallery Hyundai Do Hyung-teh. Seoul. Chosun Ilbo Art Center in
Gwanghwamun and the Gallery Hyundai in Jongno. Korea. Enrico Navarra
Gallery. Paris. Grimaldi Forum. Monaco.
. El Final del eclipse. Fundacin Telefnica, Madrid, Spain. Itinerancia: Palacio
de los Condes de Gabia, Salas Caja General e Instituto de Amrica.
Universidad de Granada and Santa Fe de Granada, Espaa (2001); Museo
Extremeo e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporneo MEIAC, Badajoz,
Espaa (2002); Universidad de Salamanca, Espaa. (2002); Museo de
Arte Moderno, Mxico D.F., Mexico (2002); Museo de Arte Contemporneo
MARCO, Monterrey, Mexico (2003); Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes,
Buenos Aires, Argentina (2003); Fundacin Telefnica, Santiago de Chile,
Chile (2004); Pinacoteca de So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil (2004). Centro
Cultural de San Marcos. Lima. Per.
. IV Bienal Barro de Amrica. Museo de Arte Contemporneo de Caracas Sofa
Imber. Caracas. Venezuela.
. 39 Bienal de Venecia. Venecia. Italia.
2000
. 7 Bienal de la Habana. Cuba.
. Partage DExotismes. 5e Biennale dart contemporain de Lyon. Halle Tony
Garnier, Lyon, France.
. Amigo Racism: Mickey Mouse Meets the Taco Bell Chihuahua. Galera de la
raza. San Francisco. Art Americas Gallery. Fresno.
73
1999
. Latinoamrica Actual. Generous Miracles Gallery. New York.
. II Bienal de Mercosur. Portoalegre. Brasil.
1998
. Mouse: An American Icon. Alternative Museum New York.
. The Garden of Forking Paths. Kunstforeningen. Copenhagen. Dinamarca.
Edsvik Konst & Kultur. Stockholmo. Suecia. Helsinki City Art Museum.
Helsinki, Finlandia. Nordjyllands Kunstmuseum, Aalborg. Dinamarca.
. Transatlntico. Centro Atlntico de Arte. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Espaa.
. Double Trouble. The Patchett Collection. Museum of Contemporary Art, San
Diego. Instituto Cultural Cabaas, Museo de las Arte, Guadalajara, Mxico,
Auditorio de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Espaa. Instituto de Amrica.
Centro Damin Bayn. Granada. Palacio de los Condes de Gavia. Granada.
Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporneo CAAC (Sevilla)
1991
. San Sebastin en Colombia hoy. Galera de La Oficina. Medelln.
. Diez maestros escultores colombianos. Museo de Museos Colsubsidio. Bogot.
1989
. XX Bienal Internacional de Sao Pablo. Parque do Ibirapuera. Sao Paulo. Brasil.
1986
. Cien aos de arte colombiano. Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogot. Palacio
Imperial. Ro de Janeiro. Brasil. Instituto Italo - Latinoamericano, Roma
1982
. VIII Saln Atenas. Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogot.
1995
. Por mi raza hablar el espritu. Museo del Chopo. UNAM. Mxico.
. II Bienal Barro de Amrica. Museo de Arte Contemporneo. Caracas. Venezuela.
. Saln Pirelli. Museo de Arte Contemporneo. Caracas. Venezuela.
1981
. Ier Saln Arturo y Rebeca Rabinovich. Museo de Arte Moderno de Medelln.
1994
. Die 5 Biennale von Havanna. Ludwig Forum. Aachen. Alemania.
. 5 bienal de la Habana. Casa de Bolvar. La Habana. Cuba.
Distinciones
1992
. Encountering the Others. University GH Kassel. Alemania.
1990
. Los crticos y el arte de los 90s. Museo de Arte Moderno de Medelln.
Museo de Arte de la Universidad Nacional. Bogot.
74
2006
. Invitacin cerrada arte pblico en los parques biblioteca. Medelln.
2004
. 1er premio XVIII Saln del Fuego. Fundacin Gilberto Alzate Avendao Bogot.
. Jurado XXXIX Saln de Artistas Colombianos.
75
2001
. Invitado de Honor a la Feria Internacional de Arte de Caracas. FIA.
1981
. Mencin de honor. 1er Saln Arturo y Rebeca Rabinovich. Museo de arte
Moderno de Medelln.
1997
. Invitado. Festival Internacional de Arte Ciudad de Medelln.
1996
. Beca de creacin para obras de arte pblico: Umbrales para la Ciudad.
Alcalda Mayor de Bogot.
1996
. Finalista Premio Luis Caballero. Galera Santa Fe. Planetario de Bogot.
. Invitado. Festival Internacional de Arte Ciudad de Medelln.
. Beca de la fundacin Guggenheim de Nueva York.
1994
. Invitado especial. Saln Pirelli. Museo de Arte Contemporneo. Caracas.
1993
. Seleccionado para el Almanaque Propal 1994.
1992
. Primer Premio. XXXIV Saln Nacional de Artistas Colombianos. Instituto
Colombiano de Cultura. Corferias. Bogot.
Colecciones pblicas
Holanda.
. Daros Latinamerica Collection. Zrich. Suiza.
. Coleccin de arte latinoamericano de la Universidad de Essex (UECLAA).
Colchester. Inglaterra.
. Art Gallery of Western Australia. Perth. Australia.
. Patchett Collection. Los Angeles. E.E.U.U.
. Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas. Venezuela.
. Bass Museum. Miami. Florida.
. Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango del Banco de la Repblica. Bogot.
. Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogot.
1988
. Segundo Premio. Concurso de arte Ciudad Salitre. Bogot.
1988
. Beca Francisco de Paula Santander. Instituto Colombiano de Cultura.
76
77
NDICE
INDEX
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15
59
Trayectoria / Trajectoire
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69