LFovt: Load factor to use for overturning stability check. More information.

LFULS: Load factor to use for calculating bending moment, shear and reinforcement at ultimate limit state analysis.
P: Unfactored vertical column load. A positive value of P denotes a downward force; use a negative value for uplift.
Hx and Hy: Unfactored horizontal loads at the top of the stub column (top of the base if no stub column).
Mx and My: Unfactored moments in the X and Y-directions.
Some guidelines for input:

Do not include the own weight of the base in the entered loads. The program automatically calculates the own weight of th
All loads are applied at the centre of the columns. A column is positioned at the centre of the base unless you enter values f
The horizontal forces Hxand Hyare applied at the top of the stub column. Keep in mind that this will cause a moment on the

For the case of a concrete column extending to the slab above, no stub column should be entered, i.e. the value for X shoul
For a steel base plate bearing directly on the base, enter the plate dimensions for the column dimensions C and D, and use

Stability Checks

The program calculated stability values for overturning, slip and bearing pressure at both ultimate limit state and serviceabilit

Overturning: When considering overturning at ultimate limit state, the applied loads are multiplied by the entered load fact
Slip: At ultimate limit state, all forces are multiplied by their ULS load factors. The safety factor for slip is calculated by divid
Bearing pressure: Entered loads are multiplied by their respective ULS load factors before calculating the bearing pressure.

Analysis approach

Modern design codes tend to consider stability checks like overturning at ultimate limit state. Depending on your own prefer

Checking overturning at ultimate limit state: The ratio of the cumulative effects of factored destabilising loads to the effect
Checking overturning using working loads: The older method requires the ratio of the cumulative effects of destabilising loa

Checking slip at ultimate limit state: The program uses the entered load factors for ultimate limit state, LF uls,to evaluate slip

ate limit state analysis.

negative value for uplift.

tub column).

ly calculates the own weight of the base and the weight of the soil cover (if any) and adds it to each of the entered load cases during the a
the base unless you enter values for the offsets E and/or F.
t this will cause a moment on the base.

entered, i.e. the value for X should be left blank.

mn dimensions C and D, and use zero for the stub column height X.

timate limit state and serviceability limit state. The following general principles apply:

multiplied by the entered load factors for overturning to calculate the ratio of destabilising to stabilising effects. At serviceability limit stat
actor for slip is calculated by dividing the resisting passive soil pressure and friction by the horizontal forces causing slip. The same calcula
calculating the bearing pressure. The unfactored loads are used at serviceability limit state.

e. Depending on your own preference, you can "force" the program to check stability at ultimate limit state or using the older method of

d destabilising loads to the effect of the factored stabilising forces should not exceed unity. In this ratio, all forces are multiplied by the ap
mulative effects of destabilising loads to stabilising loads to be greater than an appropriate safety factor, typically 1/0.7or 1.5. When using th

te limit state, LF uls,to evaluate slip. The safety factor for slip would thus typically be set to unity.

he entered load cases during the analysis.

effects. At serviceability limit state calculations are performed using the entered unfactored working loads.
ces causing slip. The same calculation is performed at serviceability limit state using unfactored forces.

tate or using the older method of working loads (permissible working stress) by adjusting the various load factors:

all forces are multiplied by the appropriate ULS factors that exceed unity and only the self-weight components of stabilising forces by the
typically 1/0.7or 1.5. When using this approach, you should enter unity values for all load factors for overturning and specify relevant safety

onents of stabilising forces by the minimum ULS load factor that does not exceed unity. When using this approach in the program, you w
turning and specify relevant safety factors for overturning.

s approach in the program, you will likely want to set the load factors for overturning for all stabilising components of self-weight to the m

omponents of self-weight to the minimum prescribed ULS dead load factor, typically between 0.9 and 1.0. For all other loads, a ULS load f

0. For all other loads, a ULS load factor of between 1.2 and 1.6 (depending on the relevant code) will be appropriate.

appropriate.

Base Length,A
Base Length,B
Columns(s)
C (m)
D (m)
E (m)
F (m)
Stub Column Height X (m)
Base Depth Y (m)
Soil Cover Z (m)
Concrete Density Kn/m3
Soil Density Kn/m3
Soil friction angle
Base friction Constant
Rebar detpth top X , mm
Rebar detpth top Y , mm
Rebar detpthBottom X , mm
Rebar detpth Bottom Y , mm
ULS. OVT LF: SELFWEIGHT
ULS. LF: SELFWEIGHT
Max.SLS bearing pr. Kn/m2

S.F.Overturning (ULS)
S.F.Slip(ULS)
fcu base
fcu columns
fy

Base dimensions in the X and Y-directions (m or ft)

Base dimensions in the X and Y-directions (m or ft)
Col1

Col2

25
16.5
24.5
0.5
50
60
50
60
1
1.5
200

1
1
20
20
415

Column dimensions in the X and Y-directions (m or ft)

Column dimensions in the X and Y-directions (m or ft)
Column distance from the centre of the base in the X and Y-direction
Column distance from the centre of the base in the X and Y-direction
Stub column height (m or ft)
Base thickness (m or ft)
Depth of soil cover on base (m or ft)
Concrete density
Soil density
Internal friction angle for calculating passive soil stress
Coefficient for calculating horizontal friction between the base and s
Depth of reinforcement steel from top concrete surface (mm or in)
Depth of reinforcement steel from top concrete surface (mm or in)
Depth of reinforcement steel from bottom concrete surface (mm or
Depth of reinforcement steel from bottom concrete surface (mm or
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE OVERTURNING LOAD FACTOR; SELFWEIGHT
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE LOAD FACTOR; SELFWEIGHT
MAX.SERVICEABLITY LIMIT STATE;Bearing pressure: Entered loads ar
multiplied by their respective ULS load factors before calculating the
bearing pressure. The unfactored loads are used at serviceability limi
Safety factor for overturning
if working method put 1.5
Safety factor for slip
if working method put 1.5
Charactristic strength of concrete
Charactristic strength of concrete
Charactristic strength of steel

rections (m or ft)
rections (m or ft)

-directions (m or ft)
-directions (m or ft)
of the base in the X and Y-direction (m or ft)
of the base in the X and Y-direction (m or ft)

ng passive soil stress

tal friction between the base and soil
m top concrete surface (mm or in)
m top concrete surface (mm or in)
m bottom concrete surface (mm or in)
m bottom concrete surface (mm or in)
NING LOAD FACTOR; SELFWEIGHT
TOR; SELFWEIGHT
Bearing pressure: Entered loads are
load factors before calculating the
loads are used at serviceability limit state.
if working method put 1.5
if working method put 1.5