UGC NET 2014 DECEMBER EXAMINATION

PAPER II & III (PART A & B)

INFORMATION SOCIETY / KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY

Information Society Definition: A post-industrial society in which information
technology is transforming every aspect of cultural, political and social life.
Agricultural economy Agricultural society
Industrial economy

Industrial Society

Information economy/ Knowledge economy Information /Knowledge society

Also called: Post-industrial society, Networked society, Information Revolution,
Global village, etc.
Characterised by economic exploitation of information / knowledge
Characteristics: (1) Information/ knowledge intensive
(2) knowledge generated by knowledge based procedures & tools
(3) Networked society (Knowledge networks)
(4) Widespred distribution and use of information/knowledge
(5) People do immaterial labour (Antonio Negri)
(6) Large-scale growth of information (295 hexabytes or 60 CDs per person in
2007) 25% annual growth
(7) Information /knowledge led society with information/knowledge workers
(8) Fritz Machlup (1962) introduced the concept of Knowledge Industry with five
sectors: Education, R&D, Mass media, IT and Information services
(9) Peter Drucker: There is a transition from an economy based material goods to
one based on knowledge
(10)

More than half of the GNP is produced by Information Economy

(11)

Majority not involved in the production of tangible goods (Daniel Bell)

(12)
Digital Capitalism/ high-tech capitalism or information capitalism
prevail
World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) a UN sponsored conference held to
bridge global digital divide

KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
KS emerged in 1990s and the term was adopted by UNESCO
In KS emphasis is on economic agents, who are qualified to exercise work (maturity)
KS generates, processes and shares knowledge to all members; Knowledge is
considered as key economic resource
Knowledge is primary resource for production rather than capital and labour
KS transforms information into a resource; generates, processes, and make
available as knowledge; shares
Peter Drucker introduced the term: Knowledge workers in 1969
Knowledge economy / Knowledge managed systems
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR), COPYRIGHT & CENSORSHIP

Intellectual Property Rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to

creations of the mind;

Owners are granted exclusive rights by variety of intangible assets, i.e.,

musical, literary and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; words,
phrases, symbols and designs

Common types:
Copyright
Trade marks
Patents
Industrial design rights
Trade dress
Trade secrets (in some jurisdictions)
IP Laws provide: incentives are created for inventors/ authors for creating and
disclosing their work; main objective is to promote progress; economic growth;
encourage innovation; social value/ recognition.
Legal protection to the work
The WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook gives two reasons for IP laws: 1) Economic
growth and (2) Morality (Moral and material interests to authors)
Breach of IPR is a civil law/ criminal law (Enforcement)
Infringement (using without permission): reproduction, distribution, etc.
Misappropriation (trade secrets)

IPR Conventions:
(1) WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS): Uruguay in 1994
(2) The Berne Convention for Protection of Literary and Artistic works
(3) The WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT)
(4) Trademark Law Treaty (1994)
(5) Patent Law Treaty (2000)

COPYRIGHT
Exclusive right given by the law for a certain terms of years to author, composer etc
for his assignee to print, publish and sell copies of original works (OED)

60 years plus life of the author

International conventions:
(1) Berne Convention (1886: Switzerland) : revised 5 times latest is Paris
Revision in 1971; 117 countries are participants as of 1996
(2) Universal Copyright Conventions (and protocols) (UCC was signed in 1952
and revised in 1971 at Paris
(3) Rome Convention (1961) : protection to performers, producers of
phonograms and broadcasters; 50 countries (India is not a member)
(4) Geneva Convention for the Protection of Producers of phonograms against
unauthorised duplication of their phonograms (1971)
(5) Brussels Convention (1974)
(6) WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT); 1996 (India is not a member)
(7) Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual performances (2012)
(8) Marrakesh Treaty to facilitate access to published works for persons who are
blind, visually impaired or otherwise print disabled (MVT) 2013

INDIAN COPYRIGHT ACT 1957

(Amended 5 times: 1983, 1984, 1994, 1999 and 2012)
Rights are given to creators of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works and
producers of cinematograph films and sound recordings
2012 Amendment is an extension of copyright protection in the digital environment
such as penalties for circumvention of technological protection measures.

Registrar of Copyrights is appointed by Central Government; Copyright office is in

New Delhi;
Indian Reproduction Rights Organization (IRRO) is a collective copyrights licensing
agency for reproduction of foreign publications (Federation of Indian publishers)

CENSORSHIP
Suppression of speech or other public communication,
IT Rules 2011
Objectionable content that threatens the unity , integrity, defence, security or
sovereignity of friendly relations with foreign states or public order
Central Board of Film Certification
The Official Secrets Act 1923
Banned films (Eg: Gulabi Aaina- Pink Mirror); Books (Lazza)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
A medium through which a message is transmitted to its intended audience such a
print media or broadcast (electronic ) media.
Types: format & informal channels; analog vs. digital channels;
Formal channels: upward, downward and horizontal
Model of Communication: Linear, Interactive and Transaction models
Linear Model: Lasswell, Shannon-Weaver, George Gerbner and Schramm

SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL
Created in 1948 by Claude Elwood Shannon and published in Bell Systems
Monograph; Review in Scientific American in 1949; Warren Weaver translated the
Shannon's Theory into less formidable language (simplified); Warren also identified
technical, semantic and effectiveness problems

It is a down-to-earth model; Based on a study on telephonic conversation over a

very lengthy 2 years period
It deals with mechanics of message; Quantifies the amount of information
communicated in amessage; Entropy is the amount of uncertainity in a message

COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

Difficulties involved in the process of communication which distort the

message being property understand by the receiver

Prevent communication being effective.

Types: 1) Physical; Rural areas; buildings; location

2) Physiological: blind, hearing impaired
3) Psychological: mindset, background, image/status block , attitude
4) Language/ semantic
5) Organization structure: rules & regulations
6) Cross-cultural: distrimination of gender/ race/ language

TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Medium

Distance

Max speed

Bandwidth

Twisted pair

2 km

100 mbps

300 MHz

9 km

40mbps

35 MHz

Optic fibre

60 km

2.4 gbps

2 GHZ

Wifi

50M (indoor)

54 mbps

5 GHz

Wimax

10 km

70 mbps

11 GHz

Blue tooth

10M

0.72 mbps

2.5 GHz

Satellite

30,000 km

1.2 gbps

60 GHz

Coaxial

cable

LIE EDUCATION INDIA

FOUR PHASES: Early period, Period of Acceptance, Period of growth and period of
modernization
EARLY PERIOD
1) National Library: 1901-1906 Library training

2) Baroda school: 1911 Sayaji Rao Gaekward invited Allenson Borden to develop
public library system and offer library training program
3) Punjab University: 1921 Asa Don Dickinson (libn) 3 months course and
written book: Punjab Library Premier
4) Andhra Desa Library Association 1914
5) Bangalore 1920 Library training (Dewan of Mysore state )
6) Madras Library Association (MALA) 1929-30
PG Diplomas in Universities:
1) PG Diploma course by SR Ranganathan at Madras University in 1938
2) BHU (1941)
3) Bombay University 1943 part-time
4) University; of Calcultta 1945
5) University; of Delhi 1947 (BLSc 1949; MLSc 1951; PhD to DB Krishna Rao
6) DRTC in 1962 at Bangalore; INSDOC/NISCAIR 1977 New Delhi-- Associateship

LIS Education Committees:

1) Review Committee for LIS Education/ SRR in 1961 (Recommendations 1965):
Separate faculty for teaching; Delinking CLSc from universities
2) Curriculum Development Committee (CDC)/ PN Kaula: 1992
3) UGC Model curriculum for LIS/ CR Karisiddappa in 2001
4) National Knowledge Commission (2006): 1:10 teacher-student ratio; Institute
for Advanced training and research; National Mission on libraries

OPEN DISTANCE EDUCATION

1985 APOU/ BRAOU: BLISc; 1989- IGNOU( 5 OUT OF 14 Open universities offer LIS)
Present Status: 105 Universities: BLISc; 78 MLISc; 21 two-year integrated course; 16
Mphil; 46 PhD; 2 Dlitt); 755 PhD theses 1993-2012
PGDLAN in UoH and IGNOU; PGDDIM in OU and Pondicherry (part-time)
LIBRARY LEGISLATION
Sl
No

Act

Year

Library
Cess

Authority

Tamil Nadu Public Libraries Act

1948

Y (5ps)

State Library Committee

Andhra Pradesh Public Libraries Act

1960

Y (8ps)

Granthalaya Parishad

Karnataka Public Libraries Act

1965

Y (3ps)

State Library Authority

Maharashtra Public Libraries Act

1967

State Library Council

West Bengal Public Libraries Act

1979

State Library Council

Manipur Public Libraries Act

1988

State Library Committee

Kerala Public Libraries Act

1989

Y (5ps)

State Library Council

Haryana Public Libraries Act

1989

State Library Council

Mizoram Public Libraries Act

1993

State Library Council

10

Goa Public Libraries Act

1993

11

Odisha Public Libraries Act

2001

State Library Authority

12

Gujarat Public Libraries Act

2001

State Library Council

13

Uttaranchal Public Libraries Act

2005

State Library Authority

14

Rajasthan Public Libraries Act

2006

State Library Council

(excise)

State Library Authority

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LIBRARY MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION

Library Management: The art of getting things done; It involves planning, organisation and
decision-making, etc.
Administration (a broader term) involves mainly in policy making

SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT
Scientific schools:
i) Scientific Management School/ FW Taylor (Father of SMS)
ii) Classical or Traditional or Universalist School: Henri Fayol (Father of CS): 14 principles
iii) System School: Max Weber; Luther Gullick POSDCORB

Human Relations Schools:

i) Human Behaviour School
ii) Social System School: Peter Drucker (MBO); Douglas McGregor (Theory X & Theory Y);
Abraham Maslow (Need Hierarchy theory)

Decision Theory Schools:

Historical Periods:
1) Pre-Scientific Period: pre-1880
2) Scientific Management: 1880-1927
3) Human Relations period: 19271950
4) Synthesis period: 1950 onwards

HENRI FAYOL: 14 Principles of Management

1) Division of work
2) Authority and Responsibility
3) Discipline
4) Unity of Command
5) Unity of Direction
6) Subordination of individual interest to general interest
7) Remuneration to personnel
8) Centralization
9) Scalar chain (hierarchy)
10)Order
11)Equity (no discrimination)
12)Stability of tenure of personnel
13)Initiative
14)Esprit de corps (sense of loyalty)
Other concepts: Span of control; Line & Staff; Accountability

Organizational structure: a graphic representation of an organizational set up:

Models: vertical, horizontal and circular
BOOK SELECTION PRINCIPLES
1) Drury's principle: To provide the right book to the right reader at the right time
2) Dewey's principle: The best reading for the largest number at the least cost
3) McColvin's principle: Book selection is based on the principle of Supply and
Demand; Books are of no use or value unless they are made serviceable by demand;
What is best versus what is demanded
4) Ranganathan's Five laws
BOOK SELECTION TOOLS
1) National Bibliographies (INB, BNB, NUC of LC)
2) Book Trade periodicals
3) Trade Bibliographies: Books in Print; Indian Books in Print
4) Book Reviewing periodicals/ Book reviews
5) Publishers' / Book Sellers' catalogues
6) Government publications
7) Websites
LIBRARY BUDGETING: An estimation of revenue and income of an organization in a year
Methods: 1) Line by line (fixed heads)
2) Planning Programming Budgeting System (PPBS): Charles Hitch (1961: US DoD)
based on goals
3) Zero Based Budgeting (ZBB) Peter Phyrr (1970): based on hierarchy of functions;
priorities/ ranking; zero onwards)
4) Site Budgeting: Equal funding to each reader; Equitable distribution to each unit.
STANDARD ALLOCATION IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES:
Salaries/Allowances: 50%; Books 20%, Periodicals 13%; Binding 7%; Others 10%
MARKETING OF INFORMATION SERVICES
Marketing is the management process, responsible for identifying, anticipating and
satisfying customer requirement profitably
Information is considered as a resource and commodity;
Information Services (intangible) & Products (tangible)
Characteristics of Information services:

1) Intangibility
2) Inseparability
3) Heterogeneity
4) Perishability (eg: news)
5) Ownership (eg: access to e-resources)
Philip Kotler(1985): Marketing Management, 5th ed. New Delhi; Prentice Hall of India.
4 Ps of Marketing Programme (Marketing Mix):
Product, Price, Place and Promotion (3 more added later: People, Physical environment
and Process policy)
Marketing concepts: Market Analysis, Marketing strategy, Market Research
Market Segmentation, Market positioning, Consumer Analysis, Marketing programme
and Evaluation and implementation of Marketing programme
Project Monitoring Techniques: Operations Research (OR) and Network Analysis
PERT /CPM
Program Evaluation and Review Technique/ Critical Path Method
PERT developed by US Polaris Missile Programme team
CPM developed by E.I.Dupont Company and Remington Rand Univac Division
CPM is the shortest route to reach/ accomplish the goal; construct the network of
activities

PERT

CPM

Event oriented

Activity oriented

Probabilistic

Deterministic

Concerned with time

Concerned with time and cost

Used for new project

Used for repetitive projects

Gantt Chart developed by Henry L. Gantt for short-term job planning. A graphic
representation of a work on a time scale. Schedule of activities on horizontal bars and
their actual progress by horizontal arrows.