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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT-I
SL.NO
1.
PART-A
QUESTION AND ANSWERS
State the law of conservation of energy.
The energy neither can be created nor destroyed but one form of energy can be converted
into another form. The energies may cross the boundaries.
2.
Define specific heat capacity and write their types with an example.
It is the amount of heat required to raise or lower the temperature of the body or substance
to through 1C.
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4.
What do you understand from the thermodynamic system and boundaries, surrounding.
Thermodynamic system is defined as a definite space or area on which the study of energy
transfer and energy conversion is made.
The system and surroundings are separated by boundary. It may be affixed or movable
and imaginary.
Anything outside the boundary which affects the behavior of the system is called
surroundings.
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
What do you understand from Kelvin blank statement?
11.
It is impossible to construct a device working on a cyclic process which produces no other
effect than the extraction of energy as heat from single thermal reservoir and performs an
equivalent amount of work.
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The quantities which are independent on the process or path followed by the system is
known as point functions.
Example: Pressure, volume, temperature, etc.,
The quantities which are dependent on the process or path followed by the system is
known as path functions.
Example: Heat transfer, work transfer
Define quasi-static process.
15.
The process is said to be quasi static, it should proceed infinitesimally slow and follows
continuous series of equilibrium states. Therefore, the quasi static, it should proceed
infinitesimally slow and follows continuous series of equilibrium states. Therefore, the
quasi static process may be an reversible process.
What is meant by irreversible process? Write the example.
If a system does not pass through continuous equilibrium state, then the process is said
to be irreversible.
16.
What is meant by isentropic process? And write the significance of isentropic process.
Isentropic process is also called as reversible adiabatic process. It is a process which
follows the law of pV = C is known as isentropic process. During this process entropy
remains constant and no heat enters or leaves the gas.
17.
Write the definition of enthalpy. Also write the formula to calculate the change in enthalpy.
Enthalpy is a combination of flow energy and internal energy.
H=U+ pv Kj
The formula to calculate the change in enthalpy
H= m Cp ((T2 T1) kJ
18.
What is the relation between the gas constant and specific heat capacities?
Cp Cv = R
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
Define control volume and steady flow process.
Control volume
If a fluid passes through a specified area in steady flow process is called control volume.
Steady flow process
During the process the rate of flow of mass and energy across the boundary remains
constant, is known as steady flow process.
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Derive the SFEE for steam nozzle. What is the function of nozzle?
Nozzle is used to increase the velocity of fluid by dropping the pressure of the fluid.
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SFEE of nozzle is C2 = 2*Cp(T1 T2) + C1
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What is the reason for change in entropy is zero in reversible adiabatic process.
Adiabatic process is very rapid process, in this process there is no heat transfer so
change in entropy is zero.
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT-II
PART-A
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Define entropy.
Entropy is measure of disorder or index of unavailability of energy.
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
What is loss of availability? How it is related to the entropy of universe?
It is the difference between the maximum work and actual work obtained by the process is
called loss availability.
12.
What is the principle increase of entropy?
For any infinitesimal process under gone by a system change in entropy dS dQ / T, for
reversible process dQ = 0, so dS = 0. For irreversible dS>0 so, the entropy of an isolated
system would never decrease it will always increases and remains constant if the
pressure is reversible is called as principle increase of entropy.
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State the Second law of thermodynamics. Also write its physical significance.
It states that heat can flow from hot body to cold without any external aid but heat cannot
flow from cold body to hot body without any external aid.
15.
What is a process involved in a Carnot cycle, sketch the same in P-V and T-S diagram.
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ii.
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iv.
16.
Isentropic compression
Isothermal heat addition
Isentropic expansion
Isothermal heat rejection.
The coefficient of Performance of a heat pump is 5. Find the COP of refrigerator if both are
reversible devices interacting between same source temperature and sink temperature.
COP ref =4
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What are the two major conclusions deduced from the Carnot principles?
(i) In all the reversible engine operating between the two given thermal reservoirs with
fixed temperature, have the same efficiency.
(ii) The efficiency of any reversible heat engine operating between two reservoirs is
independent of the nature of the working fluid and depends only on the temperature of the
reservoirs.
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
22.
What is meant by reversible and irreversible process? Give two examples of reversible process.
Reversible process
A process is said to be reversible, it should trace the same path in the reverse direction
when the process is reversed. It is possible only when the system passes through a
continuous series of equilibrium state.
Irreversible process
If a system does not pass through continuous equilibrium state, then the process is said
to be irreversible.
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT-III
PART-A
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Find The Saturation Temp And Latent Heat Of Vaporization Of Steam At 1mpa.
From steam table of 1 Mpa or 10 bar
saturation temperature =179.880c
Latent heat of vaporization =2013.6 KJ/Kg
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
DRYNESS FRACTION =
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What is the function of feed water heaters in the regenerative cycle with bleeding?
The main function of feed water heater is to increase the temperature of feed water to the
saturation temperature corresponding to the boiler pressure before it enters into the boiler.
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT-IV
PART-A
1.
Determine the molecular volume of any perfect gas at 600N/m2 and 30oc.Universal gas constant
may be taken as 8314J/kg mole-K.
GIVEN DATA:
p=600N/m2
T= 300c= 30+273 = 303K
R= 8314J/kg mole-K
SOLUTION:
Ideal gas equation, pV = mRT
V = mRT/p
= 1*8314*303/600
= 4198.57m3/kg-mole
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How does the vandar walls equation differ from the ideal gas equation of the state?
Intermolecular attractive study is made.
Shape factor is considered.
These assumptions are not made in ideal gas equations of state.
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
Define co-efficient of volume expansion and isothermal compressibility.
co-efficient of volume expansion:
Co-efficient of volume expansion is defined as the change in volume with change in
temperature per unit volume keeping the pressure constant.
Isothermal compressibility:
It is defined as the change in volume with change in pressure per unit volume by keeping the
temperature constant
What is compressibility factor? What is its value for ideal gas at critical point?
13.
We know that, the perfect gas equation is pv=RT. But for real gas, a correction factor has to be
introduced in the perfect gas equation to take into account the deviation of real gas from the
perfect gas equation. This factor is known as compressibility factor(Z) and is defined by
Z = pv/RT
At, critical point ,the vanderwall's equation
pcVc/RTc = 1 for ideal gases
What is equation of state? write the same for an ideal gas?
14.
pv= RT or pV = m RT
What is the significance of compressibility factor?
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SIGNIFICANCE:
All gases whose mass is equal to its mole occupy the same volume with at normal
temperature and pressure
At NTP, Pressure p=1.013bar
Temperature=0oc
Mv = constant
where, M - Molecular weight of the gas
v - specific volume of the gas
Write down the vandar walls equation of state. How does it differ from the equation ideal gas
equation of the state?
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
State tds equation
Tds equations are
Tds= CpdT-T(dv/dT)pdp
Tds= CvdT+T(dv/dT)Tdv
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
UNIT-V
PART-A
What is psychrometry?
The science which deals with the study of behavior of moist air is known as psychrometry.
u=
What is dew point temperature? How is it related to dry bulb temperature at the saturetion
condition?
It is the temperature at which the water vapour present in air begins to condense when the air is
boiled.
for saturated air, the dry bulb, wet bulb and dew point temperature are all same.
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ENGINNERING THERMODYNAMICS
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State the effects of very high and very low bypass factor.
very high bypass factor:
1. It requires more air. Larger fan and motor required.
2. It requires less heat transfer area.
Very low bypass factor:
1. Higher adp is employed.
2. It requires less air. Fan and motor size reduced
15
What are the assumptions made while mixing two air streams?
1.surrounding is small
2.process is fully adiabatic
3.there is no interactions
4. Change in potential or kinetic energies are negligible.
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