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Sign Convention
F = 0 = R
+ RB P = 0
L
M A = 0 = RB (L ) P 4 M O = 0
P M
3P M O
RB = + O
RA =
4
L
4
L
To the left of the midpoint:
F = 0 = RA P V = 0
V =
P MO
4
L
L
L
0
M
R
P
=
=
+M =0
L2
A
2
4
PL M O
M=
8
2
F = 0 = RA P V = 0
V =
P MO
L
4
L
L
=
=
+
M
R
P
0
+ M MO = 0
L2
A
2
4
PL M O
+
M=
8
2
The shear force does not change (because the vertical force acting on the free body do not
change) but the bending moment increases by an amount equal to MO.
F = 0 = RA V = 0
V=
P MO
L
4
L
=
=
M
R
0
+M =0
L4
A
4
PL M O
M=
16
4
3P M O
L
4
PL M O
+
8
2
PL M O
16
4
PL M O
8
2
P MO
L
4
qO L
2
Find the shear force and bending moment at a
distance x from the free end of the beam.
2
L
3
qO L
q L
RB = O
=0
2
2
qO L 2 L
(
)
0
M
R
L
=
=
+ MB = 0
A
B
2 3
F = 0 = RB
qO L2
MB =
6
At a distance x
Intensity of the distributed load.
qO x
q=
L
V(x)
qO L
2
M(x)
qO L2
F = 0 = R
RA + RB = 20000lb
RB = 9000lb
RA = 11000lb
F = 0 = 11000 200 x V = 0
V = 11000 200 x
x
(
)
M
0
M
200
x
=
=
+
11000( x )
2
M = 100 x 2 + 11000 x
From the concentrated load P to B: 9<x<24ft
x
2
M = 100 x 2 3000 x + 126000
x
Then for x=15ft
Vertical
= 0 = V qdx (V + dV ) = 0
dV
= q
dx
dx
M = 0 = M qdx 2 (V + dV )dx + (M + dM ) = 0
Vertical
= 0 = V P (V + V1 ) = 0
dM
=V
dx
V1 = P
+
+
+
=
0
1
1
moment does not change as we
2
pass through the point of
dx
M 1 = P + Vdx + V1dx
application of a concentrated load.
2
Vertical
= 0 = V (V + V1 ) = 0
V1 = 0
The shear force does not change at the point
of application of a couple.
M = 0 = M + M
M1 = M O
(V + V1 )dx + (M + M 1 ) = 0
qO x
q=
L
qO x
dV
qO x
q=
= q =
L
dx
L
qO x
qo x 2
dV =
dx V =
+ C1
L
2L
For __ x = 0 __ then __ V( 0 ) = 0 C1 = 0
qo x 2
V =
2L
dM
qO x 2
qo x 3
= Vx =
M =
+ C2
dx
2L
6L
For _ x = 0 _ then _ M ( 0 ) = 0 C2 = 0
qo x 3
M =
6L
Shear-force and bending moment diagrams for a simple beam with several concentrated loads.
Reactions
dV
= q
dx
dM
=V
dx
V = qdx = qx + C1
V = qx
M = Vdx = ( qx )dx
q
M = x 2 + C2
2
q 2
M = x
2
For x=L then
qL2
M =
2
dV
= q
dx
V = qdx = qx + C1
qL
V = qx +
2
dM
=V
dx
qL
M = Vdx = qx +
dx
2
q
qL
M = x2 +
x + C2
2
2
q
qL
M = x2 +
x
2
2
dV
= q = 0
dx
0 x a1 C1 = RA
a1 x a2
V = qdx = C a x a
2
3
a3 x a4
C2 = RA P1
C3 = RA P1 P2
C4 = RA P1 P2 P3
dM
=V
dx
M = Vdx = (C )dx
M = Cx + D
0 x a1 C1 = RA M x = RA x + D1 D1 = 0
M x = RA x
a1 x a2
C2 = RA P1 M x = RA x P1 x + D2 D2 = P1a1
M x = RA x P1 x + P1a1
a2 x a3 C3 = RA P1 P2 M x = RA x P1 x P2 x + D3
D3 = P1a1 + P2 a2 M x = RA x P1 x P2 x + P1a1 + P2 a2
a3 x a4
C4 = RA P1 P2 P3
M x = RA x P1 x P2 x P3 x + D4
x = L M L = 0 D4 = (RA P1 P2 P3 )L
M x = RA x P1 x P2 x P3 x (RA P1 P2 P3 )L
F
M
Vertical
C
= RB + RC (1.0)(4) = 0
RB = 5.25k
RC = 1.25k
Reactions
FVertical = RA + RB (2)(5.0kN / m)(2m) = 0
Simple beam
@B
RA = 7.5kN
dV
= q
dx
RB = 12.5kN
dM
=V
dx
V( x ) = qdx = 5 x + C1
M ( x ) = 2.5 x 2 + 7.5 x + C2
7.5kN
M ( x = 0 ) = 0 C2 = 0
-2.5kN
M ( x ) = 2.5 x 2 + 7.5 x
20.0kN-m
-12.5kN
15.0kN-m
5.0kN-m
M ( x = 2 ) = 5kN m C3 = 10
0.0kN-m
M ( x =1.5 ) = 5.625kN m
M ( x = 2.0 ) = 5.0kN m
M ( x ) = 2.5 x + C3
5.6kN-m
0kN-m
V( x ) = 5 x + 7.5
M ( x ) = 2.5 x + 10 M ( x = 4 ) = 0
M ( x ) = 2.5 x + C4
M ( x = 4 ) = 20kN m C4 = 30
M ( x ) = 2.5 x + 30 M ( x = 6 ) = 15kN m
For 6<x<8
V( x ) = 5 x + C5 V( x = 6 ) = -2.5
V( x ) = 5 x + 27.5
M ( x ) = 2.5 x 2 + 27.5 x + C6
M ( x =8 ) = 0 C6 = 60
M ( x ) = 2.5 x 2 + 27.5 x 60
Method of Superposition
Thetotalshearforcediagramisthesumoftheindividualshear forcediagramsforeachcase.
Thetotalbendingmomentdiagramisthesumoftheindividualbendingmomentdiagrams
foreachcase.
RA = 7.5kN
Reactions
RB = 12.5kN
0 x2
2 x4
Vx =
4 x6
6 x8
0 x2
2 x4
Mx = 4 x 6
6 x8
Vx =
Mx =
Vx = 7 . 5 5 x
Vx = 2.5
Vx = 2.5
Vx = 2.5 5( x 6 )
M x = 7.5 x 2.5 x 2
2
M x = 2.5 x 2 + 27.5 x 80.0
0 x2
2 x4
Vx = 0
Vx = 0
4 x6
6 x8
Vx = 0
Vx = 0
0 x2
2 x4
4 x6
6 x8
M x = 20
M x = 20
Mx = 0
Mx = 0
Vx =
0 x2
2 x4
4 x6
6 x8
Vx = 2.5
Vx = 2.5 5( x 6)
0 x2
2 x4
Mx = 4 x 6
6 x8
Vx = 7.5 5 x
Vx = 2.5
Vx =
M x = 7.5 x 2.5 x 2
2
M x = 2.5 x 2 + 27.5 x 80.0
0 x2
2 x4
Vx =
4 x6
6 x8
Vx = 7.5 5 x
Vx = 2.5
Vx = 2.5
Vx = 2.5 5( x 6 )
Mx =
0 x2
Vx = 0
2 x4
4 x6
6 x8
Vx = 0
Vx = 0
Vx = 0
Mx =
0 x2
2 x4
Mx = 0
Mx = 0
4 x6
M x = 20
6 x8
M x = 20
0 x2
M x = 7.5 x 2.5 x 2
M x = 2.5 x + 10.0
M x = 2.5 x + 30.0
2 x4
4 x6
6 x8
RB = 5.25k
Reactions
RC = 1.25k
Vx = 0
0 x4
Vx = 4 x 12 Vx = RB = 5.25kN
12 x 20 V = R = 5.25kN
x
B
Mx = 0
0 x4
M x = 4 x 12 M x = RB ( x 4 ) = 5.25 x 21
12 x 20 M = R ( x 4 ) = 5.25 x 21
x
B
0 x 4 Vx = qx = x
Vx = 4 x 12 Vx = q (4 ) = 4
12 x 20 V = q (4 ) = 4
x
qx 2
x2
=
Mx =
0 x4
2
2
M x = 4 x 12 M x = q(4 )( x 2 ) = 4 x + 8
12 x 20 M = q(4 )( x 2 ) = 4 x + 8
x
0 x 4 Vx = 0
Vx = 4 x 12 Vx = 0
12 x 20 V = 0
x
Mx = 0
0 x4
M x = 4 x 12
Mx = 0
12 x 20 M = 12
x
Vx = 0
0 x4
Vx = 4 x 12 Vx = RB = 5.25kN
12 x 20 V = R = 5.25kN
x
B
0 x 4 Vx = qx = x
Vx = 4 x 12 Vx = q(4 ) = 4
12 x 20 V = q(4 ) = 4
x
Vx = x
0 x4
Vx = 4 x 12 Vx = 5.25 4 = 1.25
12 x 20 V = 5.25 4 = 1.25
x
0 x 4 Vx = 0
Vx = 4 x 12 Vx = 0
12 x 20 V = 0
x
Mx = 0
0 x4
M x = 4 x 12 M x = RB ( x 4 ) = 5.25 x 21
12 x 20 M = R ( x 4 ) = 5.25 x 21
x
B
qx 2
x2
=
Mx =
0 x4
2
2
M x = 4 x 12 M x = q(4 )( x 2 ) = 4 x + 8
12 x 20 M = q(4 )( x 2 ) = 4 x + 8
x
Mx = 0
0 x4
M x = 4 x 12
Mx = 0
12 x 20 M = 12
x
qx 2
x2
=
Mx =
0 x4
2
2
M x = 4 x 12
M x = 5.25 x 21 4 x + 8 = 1.25 x 13
12 x 20 M = 5.25 x 21 4 x + 8 12 = 1.25 x 25
x
Reactions
F
M
Vertical
@B
Loading
x=0
P = 10kN M O = 22kN m
x = 1m
P = 4kN
x = 2m qO = 3kN / m
MA
RA
0 x 1
10kN
V = 1 x 2
10kN 4kN = 6kN
2 x 4 6kN (3kN / m )( x 2 ) = 12 3 x
V (0 ) = 10....V (1 ) = 10....V (1+ ) = 6...V (2) = 6....V (4) = 0
0 x 1
M = 1 x 2
22 + 10 x
22 + 10 x (4 )( x 1) = 18 + 6 x
2 x 4 18 + 6 x 1.5( x 2 ) = 24 + 12 x 1.5 x 2
2
F = 0 = R (8)(3) 10 = 0 R = 34kips
M = 0 = (8)(3)(12) + 20 (5)(10) + M B = 0
B
M B = 318kips ft
dV
= q
dx
0 x8
dM
=V
dx
11 x 16
8 x 11
dV
= q = 3 V = 3x + C1
dx
V(0) = 0 C1 = 0 Vx = 3x
dV
= 0 V = C2
dx
V(8) = 24C2 = 24V = 24
dV
= 0 V = C3 V(11) = 24
dx
V(11+) = 34C3 = 34V = 34
Mx = 1.5x2 + C4
Mx = 24x + C5
M( x) = 34x +C6
M(0) = 0 C4 = 0 Mx = 1.5x2 M(8) = 96C5 = +96Mx = 24x + 96 M(11+) = 168+ 20C6 = 226M( x) = 34x + 226
0 x8
3x
V = 8 x 11
3(8) = 24
11 x 16 24 10 = 34
V (0 ) = 0....V (8) = 24....V (11 ) = 24...V (11+ ) = 34....V (16) = 34
0 x8
1.5 x 2
M = 8 x 11
24( x 4 )
11 x 16 24(x 4 ) + 20 10( x 11)
M (8) = 96....M (11 ) = 168....M (11+ ) = 148...M (16 ) = 318
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown.
dV
= q
dx
dM
=V
dx
wo a
wa
+ RC RC = o
2
2
w a
a
w a
a
= 0 = o L + MC = 0 MC = o L
2
3
2
3
Vertical
MA
@C
=0=
0 xa
RC
wx = wo
wo x
a
dV
wo x
wo x 2
= wx = wo +
Vx = wo x +
+ C1
dx
a
2a
wo x 2
V(0 ) = 0 C1 = 0 Vx = wo x +
2a
w0 x 2 wo x3
Mx =
+
+ C2
2
6a
w0 x 2 wo x3
M (0 ) = 0 C2 = 0 M x =
+
2
6a
wa
VB = o
2
wo a 2
MB =
3
axL
dV
= 0 V = C3
dx
woa
woa
woa
V(a) = C3 = Vx =
2
2
2
wa
Mx = o x + C4
2
woa2
woa2
woa woa2
M(a) =
C4 = +
Mx = x +
3
6
2
6
wo a
VC =
2
wo aL wo a 2
+
MC =
2
6