1

P
l

l P

lr Fr Er:
E F
P
P
Kr

...... r r
l r r l r
lr
Kr>0.5MN/mm

lm Fm Em

E F
P
P
Km

...... m m
l m m l m
lm
Km=0.15~0.20MN/m Km<Kr

1943 Whithey

Em

1
1
P
1 P2
P m P

2
2 Km 2 Km

Er

1
1 P
1 P2
P r P

2
2 Kr 2 Kr

E mE r K rK m

K r

E r Pu

1
u 2 K r
2

E m Pu

1
u 2 K m
2

E m E r

1
1

E m E r

2
1966 CookHojem
1980
2
1

2
MTS
1971
1994 RMT-64
2

1
1-3
1OA
2AB OA OB
3BD
4DE

5EF

2
1
2
3
4

3
1 B
2 D
3 E

4
1OB

2BD
3OD
4DE

5DE

1-4
2
1
2
3
4
5
3

1-5

 ISRM

d
1
S c E d

1
S c E

1
Sc
2

1
Sc
2

3
20~50Gpa
24~50Gpa
206Gpa
2

V (1 1 )h [(1 2 )r ] 2 hr 2
v

(1 1 )(1 2 ) 2 1 2 2 1 (2 1) 1
2
V0
hr
u 0.15 ~ 0.35 v 0

0.5 v (2 1) 1 0

1
2
3
3
1

1
1 2 3

1
2
3
5

 1-6

2
1 2 3 1 2 3
1-6

1-7
1
2
3
4

1
2
6

~ 1-8
1

1
Sc E u
2

1 2.5~3
2
3

1
C

1 3

2
1-13

3
S t kI s (50) k

P
D2

I s ( 50) 50mm
P
D
K0.79~0.90

S c ( 22.8 ~ 23.7) I s ( 50 )

1
St
2

1-9

 1-10

St

P
D
T

2P
Dt

2
1-11

3

P
(cos f sin )
A
P
(cos f sin )
A

MPa
(MPa)

P(N)
9

A(mm2)
-;
f-, n,
d(cm)
f

nd

1-12

1
1

1-14

10

3
1

1
2
3
4

1
Coulomb 1773

f tan
f C tan
f f
~ 115 1 ~ 3

11

1
2

1
2

2
1900 Mohr
f f ( )

116
1-17

1
2
3Drucker-Prager
Drucker-Prager
~
f I 1 J 2 K 0

I1 1 2 3 x y z

12

1
J 2 [( 1 2 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 ( 1 3 ) 2 ]
6
1
2
2
2
[( x y ) 2 ( y z ) 2 ( x z ) 2 6( xy yz xz )]
2
2 sin

3 (3 sin )
6C cos
K

3 (3 sin )

I 1
4
1

2
1
2
3
4
5
3

1-18
xy ab

1 3 3 x t

2 1 1 x t
2

3 1 2 t
4 t
t

1 3

cos 2 1
2 1 3

5 t

13

 1~4

4
1 3 3 0

( 1 3 ) 2
St
8( 1 3 )

1 3 3 0 3 S t

1 1 S c 0 2 3 0 S c 8S t
1963 Murrell S c 8S t
S c (8 ~ 12) S t
2 1 ~ 3 1-19

2
7

14


1
1
21

2

2-2

2
1
2
3
4

15

~
~

(t ) 0 (t ) (t ) (t )

V
(t ) 0 (t ) Vt (t )
9

1Hook
2-3

1 K
2 Const Const ()
2
2-4

16

 1
2 Const
3 Const
3
2-5

f
0

f
(t )
2 Const Const ( )

St. Venant

17

s,

s ,

2
2Maxwell HN

1 2
1 2

Hook 1 1
K
2
Netwon 2

1 2

2
0 Const

t 0 0

0
t C

C 0
K

t 0

0 0 Const
K

0
K

d
K
dt

K
ln t C

18

 t 0 0
C ln 0

0e

K
t

t , 0
4
t1
0 Const 1

t>t1

t1 0

0
0
K

0
t1 0

3Kelvin H | N

1
Hook Newton

1 2
1 2 K
K

2
0 Const
0 K
K

t
0
Ae
K
t=0 0

A 0
K

K
t

0 (1 e )
K
3
0 Const

K 0

19

4Bingham N | StV

f
12345
5 Kelvin HK

12345
6 HK

12345

20

7M-K

12345

21

 t :
S t S ( S 0 S ) e t

:
S / S0 0.4 ~ 0.8

5-1

5-1

22

5-2

5-3

1
.

23

2 5-4

3 4 5 6 7
10

x y z H

24

2
x y 0 x y

z Z
x y z

Z
1

( 5-5)

z H

x y z

R (1 3B )
a
2(1 3 B )
B

2 3 3 B
2(1 3 B)

a
b
H

1 2
2(1 )

25

 1 x y z
1 x y z

11

1 3 2

2 1

h ,av
3
1
v

26

12

1
2

1
5-6a
2
1
2
3
4
5-6b

27

3
1

5-7 1954

28

x
1
1
(1 2 )[

]
E
E
x
1 (1 )(1 2 )
(1 ) (1 )(3 4 )
E
E

EE

x
E
1.5
5
x
E
3
1
2
3

4
4
1

2
3

5-8
r 0
1 2 2( 1 2 ) cos 2

1 2
1

=0 1 2 2( 1 2 ) 3 2 1
29

 =0180

Pi P0 t

Pi P0 (3 2 1 ) t

Pi
P0
t
3

Ps P0 2
Ps

Pi Ps t 1 2

Pr P0 0

Pr P0 (3 2 1 ) 0
Pr
1 2
2
1
2 Pi Ps
3 Pr Ps 2~3
4
5
3
1 5000
2

30

5-9

3
123
4

6
>6

4
1
2

13

1
2

31


1
5-10

123
4
5

1
2

a11 a12 a16 x

1
a

21 a 22 a 26 y
2

a n1 a n 2 a n 6 xz
n
n 6 ( 1 2 6 ) T
n 6 6

*
T
( x y xz )

i 1

a
j 1

ij

min

3
1 6

6
32

3
4

33

34

35