Project Description

This is a 4-bit counter designed to allow setting of initial count values and could operate
on any of the 4 modes (binary count up, binary count down, BCD/decade count up, and Gray
code count up). It also has a reset to reset the count values. There are 7 switches in total, 3 of
which are for the reset, and counter choices (S2 msb, S1 lsb) while 4 are for the load values
(L4, L3, L2, L1 L4, msb; L1, lsb). The counter choice are 00 for binary count up, 01 for binary
count down, 11 for BCD/decade count up, and 10 for Gray code count up the output will then
be displayed to 4 LEDs (A4, A3, A2, A1 - A4, msb; A1, lsb).

Scope and Limitations

SCOPE

This project focuses on 4 types of counters involving 4 bit values.

LIMITATIONS

Load values must be set before the circuit starts and once the circuit starts to count, the
load values are ignored. Values ranges from 0-15 for the other counters and 0-9 for decade
counter.

System Operation
I.

II.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Resistors

Integrated Circuits(IC)

LED

Connecting Wires

Bread Board

Capacitors

Switches

SYSTEM FLOWCHART:

Load Input

Load Counter
Choice

Process Counter
Choice

Output (LED)

III.

ASM CHART

T0
A <- L

T1

1
R

0 0
A <- 0

S1

0
T2
A <- A + 1

1
0

1
S2

T2
A <- A + 1

1
S2

T3

T2
A <- A + 1

A <- A - 1

EG <- 1

EBCD <- 1
0

1
EBCD
A <- 0

IV.

STATE TABLE
State table for system controller
Symbol

V.

Present

Next

Inputs

State

External

Outputs

State

Output

D1

D2

S2

S1

D1

D2

T0

T1

T2

T3

Eg

Ebcd

T0

T1

T1

T1

T1

T1

T2

T3

LOGIC FUNCTION
D F/f inputs for controller
GD1 = R D1 D2
GD2 = R + D2 + D1 + S1S2
Reset Checker (Enabled at BCD counter mode, Ebcd)
MR = Master Reset (74LS193)
MR = (A4 A3 + A4 A2) (S2 S1) R
Gray Code Converter
A4, A3, A2, A1 input to converter from counter
GA4, GA3, GA2, GA1 output to LED
T4 = S2 S1 from external input
GA4 = A4
GA3 = A3 ( T4 + A4 ) + A3 T4A4
GA2 = A2 ( T4 + A3 ) + A2 T4A3
GA1 = A1 ( T4 + A2 ) + A1 T4A2
4

Design Layouts
I.

TOP LEVEL BLOCK DIAGRAM

4-bit Presettable
Multi-function
Counter

S(2:1)

II.

A(4:1)

MODULAR BLOCK DIAGRAM

R
Controller
S(2:1)

T0

Reset

T1
T2
T3

CLK(up)
CLK(dn)

Clk

4 Bit UP / DOWN
Binary Counter

L(2:1)

A(2:1)

Eg

Grey Code
Converter

GA(2:1)

III.

CIRCUIT OR LOGIC DIAGRAMS

Prototype

Test Output
OUTPUTS

INPUTS

Present State

Next State

S2

S1

A4

A3

A2

A1

A4

A3

A2

A1

A <- A + 1

A <- A - 1

A <- A + 1

Bill of Materials
PROJECTED COST
Resistors
Quantity
2
8
Capacitors
Quantity
1
1
Integrated Circuits
Quantity
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
1
Switches
Quantity
2
Breadboard
Quantity
3
Wires
Quantity
3m

Value
33000R
1000R

Price
2 @ 2.25 =
8 @ 2.25 =

4.50
18.00

Value
12F
10F

Price
1 @ 2.00 =
1 @ 2.00 =

2.00
2.00

Value
74LS74
74ALS11
74LS04
555
74LS08
74LS32
74LS139
74LS193

Price
1 @ 28.00 = 28.00
2 @ 19.50 =
2 @ 18.00 = 36.00
1 @ 18.00 =
2 @ 20.00 = 40.00
3 @ 20.00 = 60.00
1 @ 22.00 =
1 @ 38.00 =

39.00
18.00

22.00
38.00

Value
4P DIP SW.

Price
2 @ 28.00 =

Value
Breadboard

Price
3 @ 150.00 = 450.00

Value
Price
Copper Wire 3 @ 4.50 =

56.00

13.50
Total Price = 827.00

ACTUAL COST
Resistors
Quantity
2
8
Capacitors
Quantity
1
1
Integrated Circuits
Quantity
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
1
Switches
Quantity
2
Breadboard
Quantity
2
Wires
Quantity
3m

Value
33000R
1000R

Price
2 @ 2.25 =
8 @ 2.25 =

4.50
18.00

Value
12F
10F

Price
1 @ 2.00 =
1 @ 2.00 =

2.00
2.00

Value
74LS74
74ALS11
74LS04
555
74LS08
74LS32
74LS139
74LS193

Price
1 @ 28.00 = 28.00
2 @ 19.50 =
2 @ 18.00 = 36.00
1 @ 18.00 =
2 @ 20.00 = 40.00
3 @ 20.00 = 60.00
1 @ 22.00 =
1 @ 38.00 =

39.00
18.00

22.00
38.00

Value
4P DIP SW.

Price
2 @ 28.00 =

Value
Breadboard

Price
2 @ 150.00 = 300.00

Value
Price
Copper Wire 3 @ 4.50 =

56.00

13.50
Total Price = 677.00

10

Conclusion and Recommendations

CONCLUSION

4-bit presettable multi-function counter can be implemented by using only one IC which
has up and down counters with load enable and master reset. For the up counter, the ICs built
in up counter will be used same goes for the down counter. The built in up counter is also used
for the grey code counter as well as the bcd counter but a grey code converter will be used to
display the output when in grey code mode. BCD counter on the other hand, resets the counter
whenever the current state is greater than 9.

RECOMMENDATION

Displaying the output through a 7-segment display will be easier to track the errors and
check the output. Implementing the circuit in a pcb layout will improve its appearance
significally. The circuit can be simplified for lesser ICs and lesser gates for easier implementation
using programmable ICs.

11

Appendix
Name: Rule Lymen Lagumbay
Age: 19
Address: Lapu-Lapu City
Birthday: April 23, 1994
Major: Software Engineering

Name: Rodolfo V. Tuble

Age: 22
Address: Nasipit Talamban Cebu City
Birthday: June 3, 1991
Major: Software Engineering

12

PIN CONFIGURATIONS
74LS139

74LS193

13