Petroleum Industry:

Petrol and coal extraction involves dredging, which stirs up

the seabed, killing the aquatic life. Tanker ships transporting Crude oil
and refined fuel across countries often meet with accidents and all the
oil spills into the sea. As oil does not mix with water, it forms a think,
slick layer across kilometers of seas, preventing oxygen and sunlight to
pass through. Such incidents have damaged fragile marine ecosystems
in Alaska, the Galapagos Islands, Spain, and many other places.
Fossil fuels are used in factories and for transportation like airplanes,
vehicles, trains. This releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,
contributing extensively to global warming.

Mining Industry:
Mining waste includes at sorts of chemicals, toxic gases, useless rocks
and sand etc.
The following are ways the Mining industry harms the environment:
Deforestation: Mining requires large areas of land to be cleared
of their trees so that the earth could be dug into by the miners.
Loss of Biodiversity: The forests that are cleared for mining
purposes are home to a large number of organisms. Clearing
of these forests lead to loss of habitat for a large number of
animals.
Pollution: A large amount of chemicals leak out onto the land
from mining quarries. This affects the fertility of the land,
making it unfit for agriculture or human settlement. The
chemicals also slowly percolate through the earth, and pollute
groundwater and other water bodies,

Consumer Products Industry:

Consumer products include every materialistic object we use in our daily
life. From desks and chairs to refrigerators and microwaves, we use
man-made instruments that make our life easier and help us get our
work done conveniently. These objects get spoiled and are then
disposed of. They get accumulated and sent to landfills and sometimes
thrown into water-bodies which then serve as breeding grounds for
insects, rodents etc. Hence these objects pollute the Earth and lead to
the spread of diseases.

Paper Industry:
Paper is an indispensable commodity, something we use everyday for
various activities. However, a lot of waste is generated in its production.
Wood chips, ink and highly toxic chemicals are released into waterbodies post-production of paper.

Textile Industry:
The production of clothes generates a lot of waste as by-products.
This includes effluents like tie-dye ink, cloth, fibres, leather, various dyes
and fumes from factories.

Food Industry:
Wastes released from this industry include unwanted food, meat and
other organic waste. Also plastic, Styrofoam, aluminium and glass from
packaging units and metal from canning factories are discarded into
landfills and water-bodies. The machinery used for the production of the
above mentioned objects discharge a lot of toxic gas like nitrogen
dioxide, carbon and sulphur compounds.