Hanoverian and Windsor

monarchies

The Royal Marriage Act of 1772

That no descendant of the body of his late majesty
King George the Second, male or female, (other than
the issue of princesses who have married, or may
hereafter marry, into foreign families) shall be
capable of contracting matrimony without the
previous consent of his Majesty, his heirs, or
successors, signified under the great seal, and
declared in council, and that every marriage, or
matrimonial contract, of any such descendant,
without such consent first had and obtained, shall be
null and void, to all intents and purposes whatsoever.

 George III ruled for

60 years
1760-1820

Prince of Wales marries Mrs. Maria Fitzherbert

A young and beautiful widow with a jointure of 2000 a year,
she took up her abode in 1782 at Richmond, Surrey, having at
the same time a house in town. In or about 1784 happened
her first meeting with George, Prince of Wales, then about
twenty-two years of age, she about six years older. He
straightway fell in love with her. Marriage with her princely
suitor being legally impossible, Mrs. Fitzherbert turned a deaf
ear to the prince's solicitations, to get rid of which she
withdrew to the Continent. However, on receipt of an
honourable offer from the prince, she returned after a while
to England, and they were privily married in her own London
drawing-room and before two witnesses, 15 Dec., 1785, the
officiating minister being an Anglican curate.

 they continued to live together on a matrimonial footing until 1794,

when, being about to contract a forced legal marriage with his
cousin, Caroline of Brunswick, the prince very reluctantly cast Mrs.
Fitzherbert off, at the same time continuing the pension of 3000 a
year, which he had allowed her ever since their marriage. Shortly
after the birth of Princess Charlotte in 1796, the prince, who hated
the Princess of Wales, separated from her and besought the forsaken
Mrs. Fitzherbert to return to him. This, after consultation with Rome,
she at length did in 1800, and remained with him some nine years
more, when they virtually parted. At last, in 1811, because of a
crowning affront put upon her on occasion of a magnificent fte
given at Carlton House by the prince, lately made regent, at which
entertainment no fixed place at the royal table had been assigned
her, she broke off connexion with the prince for ever; withdrawing
into private life upon an annuity of 6000. Her husband, as King
George IV, died in 1830, with a locket containing her miniature round
his neck, and was so buried. Mrs. Fitzherbert survived him seven
years, dying at the age of eighty, at Brighton, where she was buried in
the Catholic church of St. John the Baptist, to the erection of which
she had largely contributed, and wherein a mural monument to her
memory is still to be seen.

Le palais oriental du Prince de Galles

Brighton, dtails de la salle manger

 La Duchesse de
Kent et sa fille en
1824

 Portrait de la
princesse Victoria
ge de 11 ans, par
son prof de dessein

 William IV renvoie sa
matresse et pouse
Adelade de Saxe
Meinginen
Pas denfants (
malgr 2 filles
lgitimes) pour le
trne
Comme Amiral, il
permet aux officiers
de marine de boire
sa sant ASSIS!

Speech ready by Queen Victoria in Council on the day of her accession, 20 June 1837.
The severe and afflicting loss, which the Nation has sustained by the death of his Majesty, my
beloved Uncle has devolved upon me the duty of administering the Government of this
empire. This awful responsibility is imposed upon me so suddenly and at so early a period of
my Life, that I should feel myself utterly oppressed by the burthen [burden], were I not
sustained by the hope, that Divine Providence, which has called me to this work, will give me
strength for the performance of it, and that I shall find in the purity of my Intentions and in
my zeal for the public welfare that support & those resources, which usually belong to a more
mature age and to longer experience.
I place my firm reliance upon the wisdom of Parliament and upon the loyalty and affection of
my People.
I esteem it also a peculiar advantage, that I succeed to a Sovereign whose constant regard for
the rights and Liberties of his Subjects & whose desire to promote the amelioration of the
Laws and Institutions of the Country have rendered his name the object of general
attachment and veneration.
Educated in England under the tender and enlightened care of a most affectionate Mother I
have learned from my Infancy to respect and love the Constitution of my native Country. It
will be my unceasing study to maintain the reformed Religion as by Law established securing
at the same time to all the full enjoyment of religious liberty, and I shall steadily protect the
rights and promote to the utmost of my Power the happiness and welfare of all Classes of my
Subjects.

 Kensington Palace
June 7th 1836
My dearest Uncle,
These few lines will be given to you by my dear Uncle Ernest, when
he sees you.
I must thank you, my beloved Uncle, for the prospect of great
happiness, you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear
Albert. Allow me, then, my dearest Uncle, to tell you how delighted I
am with him, and how much I like him in every way. He possesses
every quality, that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He
is so sensible, so kind , and so good, and so amiable too. He has
besides, the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance,
you can possibly see.
I have only now to beg you, my dearest Uncle, to take care of the
health of one, now so dear to me, and to take him under your special
protection. I hope and trust, that all will go on prosperously and well,
on this subject of so much importance to me.
Believe me always, my dearest Uncle, your most affectionate devoted
& grateful niece
Victoria.

Le mariage de Victoria et Albert, par Sir George Hayter,

10 February 1840

La Reine Victoria fait des esquisses de sa vie domestique

Le bain pour la princese Victoria, appele Pussy

 1845 avec la
princesse
Victoria

Les 9 enfants royaux

Victoria, Princess Royal (born 1840);

Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (born 1841);
Alice (born 1843);
Alfred (born 1844);
Helena (born 1846);
Louise (born 1848);
Arthur (born 1850);
Leopold (born 1853)
and Beatrice (born 1857).

In 1877 Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India

Imperial Crown
of India

Ouverture du Parlement en 1880

House of Lords, the

Woolsack where the
Lord Chancellor sits

 Bague de la reine
consort

 Le sceptre, avec le
plus grand diamant

 Petite
couronne
en
diamants
, cre
pour la
Reine
Victoria
en 1870

 Painting
by Queen
Victoria
1854

 her relationship with a

Scottish servant, John Brown
(played by Billy Connolly),
and the subsequent uproar it
provoked. Brown had been a
trusted servant of Victoria's
then deceased and beloved
Prince Consort, Prince
Albert; Victoria's chief
servants thought Brown
might help to ease an
inconsolable Queen since
the Prince Consort's death in
1861. In 1863, hoping to
subtly coax the Queen
toward resuming public life
after years of seclusion,

Osbourne House, Isle of Wight,

designed by Prince Albert

 La Reine et son
domestique
hindoue, Abdul
Karim Balmoral,
c. 1890.

Charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman, 1898

1898 at Osbourne House

 Cape to Cairo
Or the Rhodes
colosseus

 Jubil de
diamant de la
Reine Victoria

 Edward was related to nearly every other European monarch and

came to be known as the "uncle of Europe". The German Emperor
Wilhelm II, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of
Hesse, Duke Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Duke
Ernst August of Brunswick were Edward's nephews; Queen Victoria
Eugenia of Spain, Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Crown Princess
Marie of Romania, Crown Princess Sophia of Greece, Empress
Alexandra of Russia, Grand Duchess Alexandra of MecklenburgSchwerin, and Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen were his nieces;
Haakon VII of Norway was both his nephew by marriage and his sonin-law; George I of Greece and Frederick VIII of Denmark were his
brothers-in-law; Albert I of Belgium, Charles I and Manuel II of
Portugal, and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria were his second cousins.
Edward doted on his grandchildren, and indulged them, to the
consternation of their governesses.[72] However, there was one
relation whom Edward did not like and his difficult relationship with
his nephew, Wilhelm II, exacerbated the tensions between Germany
and Britain

 4 gnrations de
souverains en
1899

 Cousins
Willy and
Nicky
(German
and Russian
Emperors)

Prince John,
souffre
dpilepsie, n
en 1905-1919

Lalla Bill telephoned from Wood Farm,

Wolferton, that our poor darling Johnnie had
died suddenly after one of his attacks. The
news gave me a great shock, though for the
little boy's restless soul, death came as a great
release. I brought the news to George & we
motored down to Wood Farm. Found poor
Lalla very resigned but heartbroken. Little
Johnnie looked very peaceful lying there For
him it is a great release as his malady was
becoming worse as he grew older and he has
thus been spared much suffering. I cannot say
how grateful we feel to God for having taken
him in such a peaceful way, he just slept
quietly no pain, no struggle, just peace for
the poor little troubled spirit, which had been
a great anxiety for us for many years ever
since he was four.

 Edward VII, le
futur roi George
V, les futurs rois
Edward VIII et
George VI

La Reine
Mary et sa
fille Mary
pendant la
premire
Guerre
mondiale

 At a meeting of the Privy Council on 17 July

1917, George V declared that 'all descendants
in the male line of Queen Victoria, who are
subjects of these realms, other than female
descendants who marry or who have married,
shall bear the name of Windsor'.

1919

 The Royal Family name of Windsor was confirmed by The Queen after
her accession in 1952. However, in 1960, The Queen and The Duke of
Edinburgh decided that they would like their own direct descendants
to be distinguished from the rest of the Royal Family (without
changing the name of the Royal House), as Windsor is the surname
used by all the male and unmarried female descendants of George V.
It was therefore declared in the Privy Council that The Queen's
descendants, other than those with the style of Royal Highness and
the title of Prince/Princess, or female descendants who marry, would
carry the name of Mountbatten-Windsor. This reflected Prince
Philip's surname. In 1947, when Prince Philip of Greece became
naturalised, he assumed the name of Philip Mountbatten as a
Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. The effect of the declaration was that
all The Queen's children, on occasions when they needed a surname,
would have the surname Mountbatten-Windsor. For the most part,
members of the Royal Family who are entitled to the style and dignity
of HRH Prince or Princess do not need a surname, but if at any time
any of them do need a surname (such as upon marriage), that

 the Honourable
Elizabeth Angela
Marguerite
Bowes Lyon, and
her brother

 1915

3 mai 1923

 Mars 1944

No230873, Second Subaltern Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor.

Buckingham Palace bombed

Royal Troop Artillery dans Hyde Park

Partie Princesse, elle revient Reine, le cabinet de W. Churchill

lattend au pied de lavion

When a King or Queen dies, the Accession Council meets in St James's Palace to announce a
formal proclamation of the new monarch
The new monarch must take a religious oath, known as the accession declaration
In 1952, the Privy Councillors in attendance wore scarlet and gold medieval costumes

They had a code at Sandringham which was 'Hyde

Park Corner'. The private secretary in
Sandringham rung Buckingham Palace and got
the private secretary there. He would have said
'Hyde Park Corner' which meant that the King
had died.
"That was his cue to go and see Queen Mary, and
then Churchill to inform them of the news. All
these people had to be told before it could be
officially announced.

 Trois reines en deuil,

pouse, mre et fille

Aprs avoir jur, elle accde au trne

Proclamation de laccession au trne

 Les deux pouses

de Charles

Dans notre mariage il y avait 3

personnes, dit Diana la BBC

Est-que tout le
monde est tout
fait sr que Mummy
est morte?
Demande le prince
Harry

 Avant le
dner de
ses 75
ans
Windsor

 'In this special

year, I dedicate
myself anew to
your service':
Queen's vow as
Diamond Jubilee
celebrations begin
with 62-gun Royal
Salute on
Accession Day

La Reine, sa belle-fille et sa belle-petite-fille visitent Fortnum and Mason

1902 State Landau

La future Reine?
Elle vient de
recevoir la plus
haute distinction
(Dame Grand Cross
of the Royal
Victorian Order),
TOUTES les autres
princesses et
duchesses doivent
lui faire la rvrence

La couronne impriale

 1954, en visite
aux Etats-Unis
et au Canada

 Il y avait
trois
personne
s dans
mon
mariage

Raymill House

Le Gloriana, mais SM la Reine ne sera pas bord

Le Britannia

L'Ecosse gardera la Reine si elle fait scession

La Reine aime la couleur bleue

 2002
Portant les
mmes
vtements
que lors
de son
couronne
ment 50
ans plus
tt

 The State Opening of Parliament marks the beginning of the parliamentary

session. Its main purpose is for the monarch formally to open Parliament
and, in the Queen's Speech, deliver an outline of the Government's
proposed policies, legislation for the coming session and a review of the
last session.
When is State Opening?
State Opening takes place on the first day of a new parliamentary session
or shortly after a general election. The next State Opening will take place
on Wednesday 8 May 2013.
The Fixed Term Parliament Act, which sets out new rules on the timing of
general elections, received Royal Assent (became law) on 15 September
2011. This means that the next general election will be on 7 May 2015.
There will be a state opening soon after this date.

The 60th anniversary of The Queens Coronation in June 2013 will be

marked with a service of celebration at Westminster Abbey.
The Queen, The Duke of Edinburgh, and other Members of the Royal
Family will attend a Service to celebrate the 60th Anniversary of the
Coronation Service on Tuesday 4 June at 11am.
Her Majestys Coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 2 June
1953, nearly eighteen months after she succeeded her father, King
George VI.

 Lavenir de la monarchie, les

ducs de Cambridge et il
reste toujours le Prince
Harry en rserve