DAWSCN CCLLLGL

DLAk1MLN1 CI CnLMIS1k & CnLMICAL 1LCnNCLCG

IINAL LkAMINA1ICN
CnLMIS1k 202-NA-0S
December 21, 2011
9:30 A.M. - 12:30 M

rlnL your name:__________________________________________

SLudenL number: __________________________________________

INS1kUC1CkS: !"#$%# '()'"# *+# ,$-# ./ 0.1) (,%*)1'*.)2
!. All u. 8arll ?. 8roullleLLe l. ulonne
M. ul SLefano n. uuxln S. Polden P. khourl
S. MuLlc-Sa[novlc !. 8ahll 8. Squlre
INS1kUC1ICNS:
1hls exam seL conslsLs of 17 quesLlons. lease ensure LhaL your copy of Lhls
examlnaLlon ls compleLe.
Answer a|| quest|ons |n the space prov|ded.
1. CalculaLors may noL be shared. rogrammable calculaLors are noL
permlLLed.
2. no books or exLra paper are permlLLed.
3. ln order Lo obLaln full credlL, you musL show Lhe meLhod used Lo solve all
problems lnvolvlng calculaLlons and express your answers Lo Lhe correcL
number of slgnlflcanL flgures.
4. lf a maLhemaLlcal equaLlon ls used Lo solve a problem, Lhe equaLlon should
be clearly wrlLLen.
3. ?our aLLenLlon ls drawn Lo Lhe College pollcy on cheaLlng.
6. A erlodlc 1able ls provlded.
USLIUL DA1A:
8ohr consLanL : ! = 2.178 ! 10
-18
!
8ydberg consLanL: "
P
= 1.0974 ! 10
7
m
-1

Avogadro's number: #
A
= 6.0221 ! 10
23
mol
-1

lanck's consLanL: $ = 6.626 ! 10
-34
!"s
Speed of llghL: % = 2.998 ! 10
8
m"s
-1

Cas consLanL: " = 0.08206 L"aLm"mol
-1
"k
-1
= 8.314 L"ka"mol
-1
"k
-1

1 aLm = 760 mmPg = 101.3 ka = 760 Lorr
1 ! = 1 kg"m
2
"s
-2

101.3 ! = 1 L"aLm

0C = 273.13 k

MAkk DIS1kI8U1ICN
1. / 3
2. / 3
3. / 7
4. / 6
3. / 6
6. / 3
7. / 4
8. / 3
9. / 7
10. / 6
11. / 7
12. / 9
13. / 7
14. / 8
13. / 4
16. / 4
17. / 4
Slg. llg. and unlLs / 1
1C1AL ]100
SCLu1lCnS
- 2 -
CuesLlon 1

Clve Lhe name or formula for Lhe followlng compounds: (3 marks)

a. poLasslum dlchromaLe k
2
Cr
2
C
7

b. sodlum LhlosulfaLe na
2
S
2
C
3

c. lead(lv) sulflde bS
2

d. LeLraphosphorous decoxlde
4
C
10

e. sulfurous acld P
2
SC
3
(aq)
f. Ca(PSC
4
)
2 Calclum hydrogen sulfaLe (or blsulfaLe)
g. na
2
C
2 Sodlum peroxlde
h. n
2
C
3 ulnlLrogen penLoxlde
l. Pg
2
Cl
2 Mercury(I) chlorlde
[. CaCl
2
"2P
2
C Calclum chlorlde dlhydraLe
- 3 -
CuesLlon 2

a. 1he 1981 Canadlan penny has a mass of 2.80 g and ls composed of 98 copper (by mass). Pow
many copper aLoms are Lhere ln Lhls penny? (2 marks)








answer:

b. A compound conLalns 38.67 k, 13.83 n, and 47.47 C by mass. WhaL ls Lhe emplrlcal formula
of Lhe compound? (2 marks)






















answer:


c. 1he emplrlcal formula of malelc acld ls CPC. lLs molar mass ls 116.1 g/mol. WhaL ls lLs molecular
formula? (1 mark)




answer:
moles of copper:
&
Cu
= 2.80 g x
!""
#$
x
! #$%&&
'() *
= 4.32 x 10
-2
mol

number of aLoms:
#aLom = #
A
x &
Cu
= 6.022 x 10
23
mol
-1
x 4.32 x 10
-2
mol = 2.6 x 10
22
atoms
Work wlLh exacLly 100 g of maLerlal:

moles of each componenL:
&
k
= 100 g x
!""
#$%&'
x
! #$%&'
()* &
= 0.9890 mol k
&
n
= 100 g x
!""
!#$%&
x
! #$%&#
'() #
= 0.9886 mol n
&
C
= 100 g x
!""
#$%#$
x
! #$%&&
'() #
= 2.967 mol C

Search for Lhe smallesL whole number raLlo:

!"#$$%
!"#$#!
= 1k ,
!"#$$%
!"#$$%
= 1n ,
!"#$$%
&"#%'
= 3C

1herefore Lhe emplrlcal formula ls: kNC
3

1he formula mass of CPC ls:
(12.01 + 1.008 + 16.00)
!"#
$
= 29.02
!"#
$

"#$$ %&'"()# *"+,',-#)
"#$$ "&)#'
=
!"#
$
&'()&
!"#
$
**+(*
= 4. 1herefore, Lhe molecular formula ls C
4
n
4
C
4

- 4 -
CuesLlon 3

a. 8alance Lhe followlng chemlcal equaLlons uslng Lhe smallesL comblnlng raLlo (no fracLlon allowed).
(3 marks)
l.
4
C
10
(s) + 6P
2
C(l)

4P
3
C
4
(s)

ll. 2P
2
C
2
C
4
(s) + C
2
(g)

4CC
2
(g) + 2P
2
C(g)
lll. CaSlC
3
(s) + 6Pl(g)

Cal
2
(s) + Sll
4
(s) + 3P
2
C(l)


b. Clve Lhe balanced equaLlon for each of Lhe followlng reacLlons (2 marks)

l. Calclum oxlde reacLs wlLh pure alumlnum produclng pure calclum and alumlnum oxlde.

3CaC + 2A| 3Ca + A|
2
C
3



ll. Copper(ll) oxlde reacLs wlLh sulfurlc acld produclng copper(ll) sulfaLe and waLer.

CuC + n
2
SC
4
CuSC
4
+ n
2
C




c. lf 7.80 g of chromlum ls burned (accordlng Lo Lhe unba|anced equaLlon below), whaL mass of oxygen
does lL comblne wlLh? (2 marks)

4Cr(s) + 3C
2
(g) # 2Cr
2
C
3
(s)















answer:
Moles of chromlum burned:
&
Cr
= 7.80 g x
! #$%&&
'() *
= 0.130 mol Cr

moles of C
2
consumed:

&
C2
= 0.130 mol Cr x
!" $%& '
(
) $%& *
= 0.1123 mol C
2


Mass of C
2
consumed:

Mass C
2
= 0.1123 mol C
2
x
!"# %
& '()**
= 3.60 g C
2

- 5 -
CuesLlon 4

a. lf you mlx 100. mL of 0.40 ' AlCl
3
(aq.) soluLlon wlLh 200. mL of 0.33 ' na
2
CC
3
(aq.) soluLlon whaL ls
Lhe maxlmum mass of preclplLaLe (molar mass Al
2
(CC
3
)
3
: 234.0 g/mol) LhaL you would expecL Lo
produce? (3 marks)

















answer:


b. 1o ldenLlfy Lhe conLenLs of an unlabeled gas Lank (conLalnlng a noble gas), a sample was collecLed
and found Lo have a denslLy of 3.432 g/L aL 13.0C and 736 mmPg pressure. (3 marks)


l. WhaL ls Lhe molar mass of Lhe gas? (Assume ldeal gas behavlour)

















ll. WhaL ls Lhe chemlcal symbol of Lhe gas? ___________
8eacLlon: 2AlCl
3
(aq) + 3na
2
CC
3
(aq) # Al
2
(CC
3
)
3
(s) + 6naCl(aq)


lf AlCl
3
ls Lhe llmlLlng reacLanL, Lhe number of mole of Al
2
(CC
3
)
3
obLalned wlll be:
& Al
2
(CC
3
)
3
(s) = (100. mL) x
!" $%%%
" $
x 0.40
!
"#$
x
!
"#$# &
!
'
!
($)
&
"# *
= 2.0 x 10
-2
mol

lf na
2
CC
3
ls Lhe llmlLlng reacLanL, Lhe number of mole of Al
2
(CC
3
)
3
obLalned wlll be:
& Al
2
(CC
3
)
3
(s) = (200. mL) x
!" $%%%
" $
x 0.33
!
"#$
x
!
"#
$
%& !
!
(
!
)"#
$
*+ ,
= 2.2 x 10
-2
mol

1he acLual llmlLlng reacLanL ls AlCl
3
and Lhe maxlmum mass of preclplLaLe expecLed ls:

2.0 x 10
-2
mol x 234.0 g/mol = 4.7 g A|
2
(CC
3
)
3
(s)

ldeal gas, Lherefore, v = n81 1he number of mol of gas ls obLalned wlLh: n =
!"
#$


lor 1 L of gas: n =
!"
#$
=
"#$%&' ()*+$"# , %$%-)%.
/ "$%%% ,
01 22 *.%
, 2201& (*+.
'$234
562 /$
562 "
+
=
1 -
aLm.L.mol 23.63
aLm.L 0.9684
= 4.093x10
-2
mol.

lor 1 L of gas Lhe mass ls 3.432 g, Lherefore, Lhe molar mass of Lhe gas ls

molar mass =
1 -
mol.L 0.0409

-1
g.L 3.432
3
= 83.8 g]mo| kr (or krypton gas)
- 6 -
CuesLlon 3

a. Classlfy each of Lhe followlng reacLlons as preclplLaLlon, acld-base, or oxldaLlon-reducLlon, and wrlLe
Lhe neL lonlc equaLlons. (3 marks)

l. 2PgC(s) 2Pg(l) + C
2
(g)
preclplLaLlon
neL lonlc equaLlon:
acld - base
2PgC(s) 2Pg(l) + C
2
(g)
oxldaLlon- reducLlon

ll. P
3
C
4
(aq) + 3kCP(aq) k
3
C
4
(aq) + 3P
2
C(l)
preclplLaLlon
neL lonlc equaLlon:
acld - base
P
+
(aq) + CP
-
(aq) P
2
C(l)
oxldaLlon- reducLlon

lll. nlCl
2
(aq) + na
2
S(aq) nlS(s) +2 naCl(aq)
preclplLaLlon
neL lonlc equaLlon:
acld - base
nl
2+
(aq) + S
2-
(aq) nlS(s)
oxldaLlon- reducLlon


b. lor each of Lhe followlng reacLlons, compleLe and balance Lhe formula equaLlon wlLh Lhe proper
physlcal sLaLes (or sLaLe of maLLer) and glve Lhe neL lonlc equaLlon. (3 marks)

l. 2k
3
C
4
(aq) + 3ZnCl
2
(aq)

Zn
3
(C
4
)
2
(s) + 6kCl(aq)
neL lonlc equaLlon:
2C
4
3-
(aq) + 3Zn
2+
(aq)

Zn
3
(C
4
)
2
(s)

ll. b(nC
3
)
2
(aq) + 2naI(aq)

bI
2
(s) + 2nanC
3
(aq)
neL lonlc equaLlon:
b
2+
(aq) + 2I
-
(aq)

bI
2
(s)

lll. P
2
SC
4
(aq) + 8a(CP)
2
(aq) 2P
2
C(l) + 8aSC
4
(s)
neL lonlc equaLlon:
2P
+
(aq) + SC
4
2-
(aq) + 8a
2+
(aq) + 2CP
-
(aq) 2P
2
C(l) + 8aSC
4
(s)
- 7 -
CuesLlon 6

ermanganaLe lon and lodlde lon reacL ln bas|c aqueous so|ut|on Lo produce manganese(lv) oxlde and
lodlne. (4 marks)

!
!
"#$ (aq) + I
-
(aq) MnC
2
(s) + I
2
(aq)

a. use Lhe half-reacLlon meLhod Lo balance Lhe equaLlon.







































b. ldenLlfy Lhe oxldlzlng agenL: __
!
!
"#$ __ c. ldenLlfy Lhe reacLanL LhaL ls reduced _
!
!
"#$ _
(1 mark)
SLep 1: SeparaLe Lhe Lwo half-reacLlons:
l
-
l
2

!
!
"#$ MnC
2

SLep 2: 8alance Lhe elemenLs (excepL C and P)
2l
-
l
2

!
!
"#$ MnC
2
SLep 3: 8alance C by addlng P
2
C
2l
-
l
2

!
!
"#$ MnC
2
+ 2P
2
C
SLep 4: 8alance P by addlng P
+

2l
-
l
2

4P
+
+
!
!
"#$ MnC
2
+ 2P
2
C
SLep 3: 8alance Lhe charges wlLh elecLrons
2l
-
l
2
+ 2e
-
(Lhe oxldaLlon reacLlon)
3e
-
+ 4P
+
+
!
!
"#$ MnC
2
+ 2P
2
C (Lhe reducLlon reacLlon)
SLep 6: add-up boLh reacLlons, make sure Lhe number of elecLrons are Lhe same.

3x(2l
-
l
2
+ 2e
-
)
2x(3e
-
+ 4P
+
+
!
!
"#$ MnC
2
+ 2P
2
C)

6l
-
3l
2
+ 6e
-

+ 6e
-
+ 8P
+
+ 2
!
!
"#$ 2MnC
2
+ 4P
2
C
6l
-
+ 8P
+
+ 2
!
!
"#$ 3l
2
+ 2MnC
2
+ 4P
2
C

Add CP
-
Lo neuLrallze Lhe acld (Lo geL a baslc soluLlon)

8 CP
-
+ 6l
-
+ 8P
+
+ 2
!
!
"#$ 3l
2
+ 2MnC
2
+ 4P
2
C + 8CP
-

6l
-
+ 8P
2
C + 2
!
!
"#$ 3l
2
+ 2MnC
2
+ 4P
2
C + 8CP
-


llnally: 6I
-
+ 4n
2
C + 2
!
!
"#$ 3I
2
+ 2MnC
2
+ 8Cn
-


Check aLoms: 6l, 8P, 12C, 2Mn = 6l, 8P, 12C, 2Mn
Check charges: -6 -2 = -8

- 8 -
CuesLlon 7

llgure 1 shows Lhe llne specLra of Lhe hydrogen aLom wlLh lLs characLerlsLlc Lhree specLral serles, Lyman,
8almer and aschen. llgure 2 shows Lhe elecLron LranslLlons perLalnlng Lo Lhese serles. lease answer
Lhe followlng relaLed quesLlons:

Llne specLra of Lhe hydrogen aLom LlecLron LranslLlons dlagram


llg. 1 llg. 2

a. 1he Lhree hydrogen specLral serles appear aL Lhree dlfferenL reglons of Lhe elecLromagneLlc
specLrum. MaLch Lhe elecLron LranslLlons serles (a, b, or c) lf llg. 2 wlLh Lhe names of Lhe specLral
serles ln llg. 1: (1.3 marks)

Serles a
aschen
Serles b
8a|mer
Serles c
Lyman

b. ln whaL specLral reglons (vlslble, ulLravloleL, lnfrared, mlcrowave, radlo waves) do LranslLlons from
Lhe serles a" and c" appear? (1 mark)

Serles a
|nfrared
Serles c
u|trav|o|et

c. CalculaLe Lhe wavelengLh (ln nm) of specLral llne assoclaLed wlLh Lhe & = 6 Lo & = 3 elecLron
LranslLlon ln a hydrogen aLom (1.3 marks)













answer:
8ohr's aLom or 8almer-8ydberg equaLlon

L
n
= -8
!
!
"
#

!
!
= 8
P
(
!
"#
#
$
-
!
"#$
%
&
)
L
6
= -8
!
!
"
#
, L
3
= -8
!
!
"
#

!
!
= 1.097 x 10
7
m
-1
(
!
"
#
-
!
"
#
)
!L
aLom
= L
3
- L
6
= (-8
!
"
)- (-8
!"
#
)
!
!
= 9.143 x 10
3
m
-1
!L
aLom
= -2.178 x 10
-18
! (0.0833 x 10
-2
) ! = 1.094x10
-6
m or 1094 nm
!L
aLom
= -1.813 x 10
-19
!
|!L
aLom
| = L
phoLon
= h$
Slnce c = ! $ Lhen L
phoLon
= hc/%
llnally, ! = hc / L
phoLon
= (6.626 x 10
-34
!.s)(2.998 x 10
8
m.s)/( 1.813 x 10
-19
!) = 1.094 x 10
-6
m
- 9 -
CuesLlon 8

a. lndlcaLe wheLher each of Lhe followlng seL of quanLum numbers ls permlLLed or noL permlLLed.
(1.3 marks)
ermlLLed noL ermlLLed
l.
& = 1, ( = 0, )
(
= 0, )
*
= -x

ll. & = 3, ( = 2, )
(
= -2, )
*
= +x

lll. & = 3, ( = 3, )
(
= 3, )
*
= +x



b. Label Lhe followlng sLaLemenLs as Lrue or false. (1 mark)

1rue lalse
l.
Pund's 8ule sLaLes LhaL no Lwo elecLrons ln an aLom may
have exacLly Lhe same seL of quanLum numbers.

ll.
A consequence of aull's Lxcluslon rlnclple ls LhaL each
orblLal of a seL of degeneraLe orblLals (ex: 3p) can only
have a maxlmum of Lwo elecLrons.



c. Clve Lhe maxlmum number of elecLrons ln an aLom LhaL can have Lhese quanLum numbers:
l. & = 1, ( = 0, )
(
= 0 2
ll. & = 2, ( = 1, )
(
= -1 2


d. Pow many elemenLs from Z = 1 Lo Z = 36 have on|y two unpalred elecLrons ln Lhelr ground sLaLe?
(1.3 mark)




answer:
WlLh 36e
-
, Lhe elecLronlc conflguraLlon ls : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
2
3d
10
4p
6


?ou cannoL have Lwo unpalred elecLrons ln an s"orblLal
?ou can have Lwo unpalred elecLrons for each p orblLal Lwlce (p
2
and p
4
)
Lherefore: 2p": C and C , 3p": Sl and S, 4p": Ce and Se.
?ou can have Lwo unpalred elecLrons for Lhe 3d" orblLal Lwlce: 1l and nl tota| 8 e|ements

- 10 -
CuesLlon 9

1he flgure below shows Lhe energy level dlagram, orblLal dlagram and elecLron conflguraLlon for Lhree
dlfferenL aLoms. (3 marks)
a. lndlcaLe wheLher each represenLaLlon ls correcL or forbldden for Lhe aLom ln lLs ground sLaLe.
b. lor Lhose LhaL are forbldden, sLaLe whaL ls wrong.
c. lf Lhe dlagram ls correcL, glve Lhe name and symbo| of Lhe elemenL whose aLom ls represenLed.





























d. WrlLe Lhe comp|ete elecLronlc conflguraLlon (spdf) of alumlnum aL ground sLaLe. (1 mark)






e. WrlLe Lhe seL of quanLum numbers (&, (, )
(
, )
*
) for all Lhe valence elecLrons ln Al aL ground sLaLe.
(3 marks)




1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
4s
1
3d
3

An orblLal cannoL hold more Lhan Lwo
elecLrons. Pere 3s" has 3 elecLrons.


Lven Lhough Lhere ls no more Lhan Lwo elecLrons per
orblLal, all elecLron should have Lhelr own seL of
quanLum numbers. noL Lhe case here ln 4p".


1hls ls Lhe ground sLaLe elecLronlc conflguraLlon of
chromlum (Cr) where one elecLron of Lhe 4s orblLal
ls added Lo Lhe 3d orblLal Lo geL Lhe half-fllled hlghly
sLable conflguraLlon.



1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1

1here are Lhree valence elecLrons ln alumlnum
(3, 1, -1, +1/2)
(3, 0, 0, +1/2)
(3, 0, 0, -1/2)
- 11 -
CuesLlon 10

a. use Lhe proposed words Lo compleLe Lhe followlng senLence:
neuLrons, pP, lon, charge,
lonlzaLlon, addlLlon, removal,
proLon, energy, elecLrons,
aqueous, solld, gaseous.

LlecLron AfflnlLy ls Lhe ________________ change assoclaLed wlLh Lhe ______________ of one mole
of _______________ Lo one mole of a _____________ aLom. (2 marks)



b. An elemenL has Lhe followlng lonlzaLlon energles (I
n
) and elecLron afflnlLy (,-) (1.3 marks)


I
1
I
2
I
3

,-
Lnergy ln k!/mol +733 +1443 +7730 +19

l. Pow many elecLrons are on Lhe valence shell of Lhls aLom? ____2______

ll. ls Lhls elemenL a meta| , a nonmeta| or a meta||o|d? (clrcle one answer)

lll. Clven LhaL Lhe elemenL ls ln perlod 3 of Lhe perlodlc Lable, glve Lhe name of Lhe elemenL __Mg_





c. MulLlple cholce quesLlons. Clrcle only one answer for each of Lhe followlng: (2.3 marks)

l. Whlch aLom has Lhe blggesL aLomlc radlus: l S Cl
ll. Whlch aLom has Lhe lowesL flrsL lonlzaLlon energy: na k C l
lll. Whlch lon has Lhe smallesL lonlc radlus:
S
2-
Cl
-
k
+
Ca
2+

lv. Whlch caLlon has Lhe blggesL lonlc radlus:
Ll
+
na
+

k
+
Ca
2+

v. Whlch aLom ls Lhe mosL elecLronegaLlve: 8 n C S
energy addlLlon
elecLrons gaseous
- 12 -
CuesLlon 11

a. 1he Lewls sLrucLure of P
3
shows LhaL Lhe cenLral phosphorous aLom has __6__ bondlng elecLron
and __2__ nonbondlng elecLrons. (1 mark)

b. Asslgn Lhe formal charges Lo each aLom ln Lhe resonance form for SCCl
2
glven below. (2 marks)






lor Cl:
__0__
lor S __0__ lor C: _0__ lor Cl: _0_ lor S _+1_ lor C: _-1_



c. Conslder Lhe followlng Lewls sLrucLures: (2 marks)


1 2 3 4

l. Whlch sLrucLure cannoL exlsL? ___3 lL has a carbon wlLh 3 bonds____
lll. Whlch Lwo are compleLely equlvalenL resonance sLrucLures? ___1___and ___4___



d. 1he followlng Lewls sLrucLures are Lhe prlnclpal resonance forms of CCn
-
.
Clrcle Lhe sLrucLure LhaL ls Lhe |east conLrlbuLor Lo Lhe acLual bondlng sLaLe, and br|ef|y explaln why
lL conLrlbuLes Lhe leasL. (2 marks)


I II III

LxplanaLlon:



nlLrogen has a formal charge of -2 (hlghly unsLable)
Also, Lhe mosL elecLronegaLlve aLom of Lhls molecule
(Cxygen) has a poslLlve formal charge

- 13 -
CuesLlon 12

a. molecular sLrucLures (1 Lo 3) LhaL flL Lhe descrlpLlons below. (- *./0%.0/1 %2& 31 0*14 )5/1 .$2&
5&%16 5&78 5&1 2&*91/ :1/ ;01*.<5&=> (3 marks)


1 2 3



4 3

uescrlpLlon answer
l. ConLalns a cenLral aLom wlLh sp
2
hybrldlzaLlon: 3
ll. Pas an overall dlpole momenL: 1
lll. 1he shape of Lhe molecule ls Lrlgonal blpyramldal: 4
lv. Pas only 180 angle beLween bonds: 2
v. 1he arrangemenL of elecLron palrs around Lhe cenLral aLom ls ocLahedral S

b. uraw a 3-u sLrucLure of Cll
3
uslng Lhe vSL8 model and glve Lhe name of Lhls molecular sLrucLure.
lnclude all lone palrs and Lhe bond angles (lncludlng dlsLorLlons lf any)
SLaLe wheLher Lhe Cll
3

molecule ls polar or noL and draw Lhe overall molecular dlpole momenL on
Lhe sLrucLure lf necessary. (4 marks)

name of Lhe molecule: 1-Shaped

1he molecule ls polar.

- 14 -
CuesLlon 13

Conslder Lhe followlng lncompleLe Lewls sLrucLure





a. CompleLe Lhe Lewls sLrucLure wlLh elecLron lone palrs where ever needed. (2 marks)













b. Pow many & and ' bounds are found ln Lhls molecule: (1 mark)
& : 7

' : 3



c. lor Lhls molecule, compleLe Lhe followlng Lable (4 marks)
aLom hybrldlzaLlon bond angle around Lhe aLom
I
sp
3
d < 90
C
sp
3
< 109.S
C sp
2
120
Sl sp 180

- 15 -
CuesLlon 14

a. lor each of Lhe followlng palrs, whlch member has Lhe lowesL bolllng polnL aL a glven LemperaLure?
(Clrcle your cholces.) (3 marks)


l. C
2
P
6
or C
4
P
10







ll. nP
3
or P
3








lll.

or









b. WhaL ls Lhe sLrongesL lnLermolecular force ln each of Lhe followlng pure subsLances? (1.3 marks)

l. CP
3
Cl ulpole - dlpole
ll. CP
3
CP
3
London dlsperslon forces
lll. nP
3
P-bondlng

Small non polar molecule has weak London
dlsperslon forces. Small lnLermolecular
forces
nP
3
has sLronger lnLermolecular forces (P-
bondlng) Lhan P
3
(London dlsperslon).
1herefore, P
3
has a lower bolllng polnL.
C
2
P
3
CP ls capable of P-bondlng
lnLermolecular lnLeracLlons whlle C
2
P
3
l
cannoL (dlpole - dlpole).
- 16 -
CuesLlon 14 (ConL.)

c. 1he schemaLlc phase dlagram for a subsLance ls glven below. (2.3 marks)





















l. LsLlmaLe Lhe normal bolllng polnL ( = 1 aLm): _______400 k________

ll. LsLlmaLe Lhe normal freezlng polnL of Lhe subsLance ( = 1 aLm): _____300 k _______

lll. WhaL ls Lhe physlcal sLaLe of Lhe subsLance aL:

1 = 130 k, = 0.2 aLm: ________gas___________

1 = 100 k, = 0.8 aLm: ________So||d__________

1 = 300 k, = 1.0 aLm: ___both ||qu|d and so||d__


lv. uraw on Lhe graph Lhe poslLlon of Lhe crlLlcal polnL. WhaL ls Lhe meanlng of Lhls polnL? (1 mark)

r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
a
t
m
)

1emperature (k)
0
0.3
1.0
0 100 200 300 400
Solld
llquld
gas
crlLlcal
polnL
AL Lhls polnL, dlsLlncL llquld and gas phases do noL exlsL.
1he sLaLe of maLLer ls more a fluld" Lhan a llquld or a gas.
8eyond Lhls LemperaLure and pressure, lL ls lmposslble Lo llquefy a gas.

- 17 -
CuesLlon 13

When a 4.23-g sample of solld ammonlum nlLraLe dlssolves ln 60.0 g of waLer ln a coffee cup
calorlmeLer, Lhe LemperaLure of Lhe soluLlon drops from 22.0C Lo 16.9C. Assume LhaL Lhe speclflc heaL
of Lhe soluLlon ls Lhe same as for pure waLer: * = 4.18 !.g
-1
.k
-1
and LhaL no heaL ls losL or absorbed by Lhe
calorlmeLer.


a. CalculaLe AP (ln k!/mol nP
4
nC
3
) for Lhe soluLlon process. (3.3 marks)



































answer:


b. ls Lhls process endotherm|c or exotherm|c ? (clrcle one answer) (0.3 mark)


q
waLer
= m x s
p
x (1 = (60.0 + 4.23)g x 4.18 !.g
-1
.k
-1
(16.9 + 22.0)C = -1.369.x10
3

!

noLe: speclflc heaL unlL = k. Powever, Celslus values were used slnce here (1C
= (1
k
.

q
waLer
+ q
reacLlon
= 0 (conservaLlon of Lhe energy) Lhen:

q
reacLlon
= +1.369.x10
3

! (endoLhermlc)

Molar mass nP
4
nC
3
: 2(14.01 g) + 4(1.008 g) + 3(16.00 g) = 80.03 g/mol

1he number of mole of nP
4
nC
3
ls: 4.23 g x
! #$%$&
'() *
= 3.31x10
-2
mol.

llnally, AP =
!
"#$%&'(!
)
=
mol
2 -
3.31x10
!
3
x10 1.369
= 2.378x10
4
!/mol = +2S.8 kI]mo|
- 18 -
CuesLlon 16

a. lrom Lhe balanced equaLlon:

2 nP
4
Cl(s) + 4 C
2
(g) 2 nC
2
(g) + 4 P
2
C(g) + Cl
2
(g) (P = -271.8 k!

Clven LhaL:
!
"
!
" [nC
2
(g)] = 33.1 k!/mol and
!
"
!
" [P
2
C(g)] = -241.8 k!/mol

CalculaLe Lhe sLandard molar enLhalpy of formaLlon for nP
4
Cl(s). (2 marks)




















Answer: _____________

b. Clven Lhe reacLlons:
CP
4
(g) C(g) + 4P(g) AP' = 1636 k!

PC ) CP(g) 2C(g) + 2P(g) AP' = 1648 k!

WhaL ls Lhe esLlmaLed C ) C bond energy ln k!-mol
-1
(2 marks)











Answer: _____________


(P = *
!
"
!
" producLs -
!
"
!
" reacLanLs

Slnce
!
"
!
" of C
2
and Cl
2
(g) ls zero, Lhen:

(P = 2
!
"
!
" nC
2
(g) + 4
!
"
!
" P
2
C(g) - 2
!
"
!
" nP
4
Cl(s)

+[(P - 2
!
"
!
" nC
2
(g) - 4
!
"
!
" P
2
C(g) ] / 2 =
!
"
!
" nP
4
Cl(s)

+ [ -271.8 k! - (2 mol x 33.1 k!/mol) - (4 mol x -241.8 k!/mol) ] / 2 = -314.6 kI]mo|


PC ) CP(g) has 1 C ) C and 2 C-P bonds.

1he average energy of one mol of C-P bond ls: AP' = 1636 k! / 4 C-P bond = 414 k! / C-P bond

1herefore, Lhe value of Lhe C ) C bond ls equal Lo PC ) CP(g) - 2 C-P bonds:

1648 k! - 2 (414 k!) = 820 kI ] mo| C ) C bond

- 19 -
CuesLlon 17
Laboratory: Lxper|ment 2
SLolchlomeLry

1he chemlcal reacLlon for Lhe laboraLory ls:

na
2
CC
3
(s) + 2 PCl(aq) ! 2 naCl(aq) + P
2
C(l) + CC
2
(g)

PCl ls added ln excess.

a. CompleLe Lhe followlng laboraLory daLa sheeL (1 mark).

uA1A SPLL1

Mass of empLy evaporaLlng dlsh afLer lnlLlal heaLlng, ? 57.0197
Mass of evaporaLlng dlsh plus sodlum carbonaLe, ? 57.3224
Mass of sodlum carbonaLe, ? 0.3027
Mass of evaporaLlng dlsh and sodlum chlorlde (afLer flnal welghlng), ? 57.3368
Mass of sodlum chlorlde, ? 0.3171
1heoreLlcal yleld of sodlum chlorlde, ? 0.3338
ercenLage yleld of sodlum chlorlde 9S.01

Samp|e ca|cu|at|ons:

b. 1heoreLlcal yleld of sodlum chlorlde (2 marks)








c. ercenL yleld of sodlum chlorlde: (1 mark)

na
2
CC
3
(s) + 2 PCl(aq) ! 2 naCl(aq) + P
2
C(l) + CC
2
(g)
na
2
CC
3
ls Lhe llmlLlng reacLanL (mol. mass : 106.0 g/mol)

Mol of naCl formed: 0.3027 g na
2
CC
3
x
! #$%&$
'() #
x
!
"#
$
%&
%&"( $
= 3.711x10
-3
mol naCl
1heoreLlcal yleld: 3.711x10
-3
mol naCl x
!"#
$ &'())
= 0.3338 g naCl

?leld =
!"#$% $ '(#)*#'"+,
!"#$% ,+'-,$
x100 =
!"###$
!"#%&%
x100 = 9S.01