Present simple:

We use it for rutinary actions and things that are always the same.
Remember that when the subject is HE/SHE or IT we add -s or -es to the orginal erb.
E!am"le#
I go to a restaurant.
She goes to a restaurant.
We "lay soccer.
He "lays soccer.
Present continuous
We use it for actions that are in "rogress right now.
The structure is $subject % erb $to be& % erb in $-ing&
E!am"le#
I am writing in my com"uter right now
He is studying English
They are wor'ing a lot
Questions:
Remember that we hae to different (uestion structures.
). With erb $to be&
In this case we change the order of subject and erb to ma'e the (uestions* but we don+t add any
other element.
E!am"le#
,ffirmatie# You are a good "layer
-uestion# Are you a good "layer.
,ffirmatie# She is a beautiful girl
-uestion# Is she a beautiful girl.
/. With au!iliary erb $do& 0im"ortant# we neer mi! erb $to be& with au!iliary erb $do&1
In this case we need to add au!iliary erb $do& at the beginning of the sentence.
E!am"le#
,ffirmatie# you li'e "i22a.
-uestion# do you li'e "i22a.
,ffirmatie# They loe "laying ideogames
-uestion# Do they loe "laying ideogames.
,ffirmatie# He always wor's on saturdays.
-uestion# Does he always wo' on saturdays. 0remember that with He/She or IT we use
$does&1
Simple Past:
We use it for finished actions in the "ast.
We can add time e!"ressions to tal' about s"ecific moment in time.
Remember that regular erbs form the "ast by adding -ed or -d to the original erb3 but irregular erbs
are different.
E!am"le#
Regular erb# 4esterday I tal'ed to my friend on the tele"hone.
Irregular erb# 4esterday I went to the "ar' with my little brother.
Remember that for negatie sentences in "ast sim"le we use didn't % the "resent form of the erb.
,nd for (uestions in the "ast we use au!iliary erb did.
E!am"le#
,ffirmatie# I went to a good restaurant.
5egatie# I didn't go to a good restaurant.
-uestion# Did you go to a good restaurant.
Present Perect
We use it to tal' about the "ast but without any s"ecific time reference.
We can also use it for "eriods of time* but neer for an s"ecific moment in the "ast.
The structure is $subject % erb $hae& % "ast "artici"le 0third column of erbs1&
E!am"le#
,ffirmatie# I ha!e gone to the beach
5egatie# I ha!en't gone to the beach
-uestion# "a!e you gone to the beach.
,ffirmatie# She has wor#ed a lot during this year
5egatie# She hasn't wor#ed a lot during this year
-uestion# "as she wor#ed a lot during this year.
$omparati!es and Superlati!es
Remember that com"araties are used to $com"are& two or more objects3 Su"erlaties are used to tal'
about the to" of a series.
,lso remember that with short adjecties we use endings -er 0com"aratie1 and -est 0su"erlatie1* but
with long adjecties we use more % adjectie 0com"aratie1 and most % adjectie 0su"erlatie1
E!am"le#
6om"aratie# 6hile is longer than 7oliia
6om"aratie# , car is safer than a bycicle
Su"erlatie# 8y dog is the cra2iest dog in 6hile
Su"erlatie# 6ostanera Tower is the tallest building in 6hile
6om"aratie# ,n i"hone is more e!"ensie than a normal android "hone.
Su"erlatie# The mobile "hone is the most useful electronic deice.
6ountable and 9ncountable 5ouns 0noun is the e(uialent to $substantie&1
Remember that we consider the word* and not reality. :or e!am"le $money&* $traffic& or $water& are
uncountable nouns.
6ountable nouns are usually objects* and uncountable nouns are usually conce"ts. :or e!am"le*
$information& or $money& are conce"ts* we don+t see money or information* what we see are coins*
bills* "a"ers* etc.
We use $much&* $how much.& and $is there& with uncountable nouns.
We use $many&* $how many.& and $are there& with countable nouns.
%emem&er that a lot wor#s with &oth.
E!am"le#
9ncountable# I hae much wor' today.
9ncountable# "ow much money do you need.
9ncountable# Is there much traffic today.
6ountable# I hae many tas's at wor'
6ountable# "ow many hours do you slee" in a normal day.
6ountable# Are there many em"leyees in your office.