Name: Class: Date: _

~
( ineWeek Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ID: A
1. Whichpsychologist proposed that thestudyof consciousness shouldbereplacedbythestudyof behavior?
a. J ohnB. Watson
b. AbrahamMaslow
c. G. Stanley Hall
d. SigmundFreud
2. Thetheoretical orientationthat insistedonverifiability of observationwas
a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. behaviorism
d. psychoanalysis
3. Withwhichof thefollowingwouldabehaviorist agree?
a. Conscious experiences canbestudiedinanobjective, preciseway.
b. Inorder tounderstand behavior, onemust understandthemotivesbehindthebehavior.
c. Behavior canonlybeexplainedintermsof phenomenology, that is, anindividual's
interpretationof experience.
d. Psychology shouldbethescienceof behavior that canbeobservedby others.
4. Freudconcludedthat psychological disturbances arelargelycausedby
a. unrealistic demands fromfamilyandfriends
b. personal conflicts existingat anunconscious level
c. geneticpredispositions tobehaveinaparticular way
d. conflictsbetweenconscious desires andenvironmental constraints
5. J anet trainedher dogto sit oncommandby followingthis behavior witharewardof adogbiscuit andpraise.
J anet usedtheprinciples of whichof thefollowing"schools" of psychology?
a. behaviorism
b. humanism
c. psychoanalysis
d. functionalism
6. Whichof thefollowing groups of psychologists wouldbemost likely to focusonindividual uniqueness,
freedom, andpotential for growthasaperson?
a. behaviorists
b. psychoanalysts
c. humanists
d. Gestalt psychologists
7. Whichtypeof psychologist wouldbeleast likelyto generalizefromstudiesof animal subjectstohuman
behavior?
a. apsychoanalyst
b. abehaviorist
c. ahumanist
d. acognitivepsychologist
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8. Thebranchof psychology concernedwitheveryday, practical problems iscalled psychology.
a. developmental
b. abnormal
c. applied
d. cognitive
9. Thebranchof psychology concernedwiththediagnosis andtreatment of psychological disorders iscalled
a. counselingpsychology
b. social psychology
c. developmental psychology
d. clinical psychology
10. Whichof thefollowing isarecent movementinpsychology that has revivedtheoldinterest inmental and
consciousevents?
a. physiological psychology
b. psychoanalysis
c. behavioral psychology
d. cognitivepsychology
11. Atheory is
a. atentativestatement about therelationshipbetweentwo or morevariables
b. asystemof interrelated ideasusedtoexplainaset of observations
c. astatement of research results that havebeenproventobecorrect
d. apreliminary proposal that hasyet tobetested
12. Ahypothesis is
a. arandomguess astowhat mighthappeninanexperiment
b. atentativestatement about therelationshipbetweentwo or morevariables
c. aconclusiondrawn fromanexperiment
d. asystemof interrelated ideasusedtoexplainaset of observations
13. Dr. Licciardi predicts that if peopleareobservedwhilethey performacomplextaskthey will makemore
errors. Dr. Licciardi's predictionisanexampleof
a. ahypothesis
b. anoperational definition
c. atheory
d. inferential statistics
14. Aresearcher ismeasuringtheheart rateof subjects asanindex of anxiety. Inthis studyheart rateis
a. Aconfounded variable
b. negatively correlated withanxiety
c. anindependent variable
d. anoperational definitionof anxiety
15. Differingapproaches to theobservation, measurement, manipulation, andcontrol of variables inempirical
studies arereferred toas
a. validity operationalizations
b. research methods
c. inductivetechniques
d. statistical analyses
16. Inanexperiment, thevariablethat iscontrolled or manipulatedby theresearcher iscalledthe
a. dependent variable
b. independent variable
c. control variable
d. stimulus variable
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17. Researchers who were studying memory had participants learn alist of words after consuming asoft drink
with caffeine or adecaffeinated version of the same soft drink. The researchers then counted the number of
words that were recalled from the list. Inthis study, the type of beverage (caffeinated or decaffeinated) would
be
a. the independent variable
b. anextraneous variable
c. the dependent variable
d. aplacebo
18. A dependent variable in an experiment refers to the variable
a. held constant across the experimental conditions
b. deliberately manipulated by the experimenter
c. that changes value because of the systematic manipulation in the experiment
d. that the experimenter is depending onto cause something to happen in the experiment
19. A group of researchers conducts astudy to determine if children's performance is affected by the presence of
other children. First the children are taken to aroomwith no other children and timed while they complete a
puzzle. Later the same children are taken to aroom with four other children and timed while they complete a
similar puzzle. Inthis study, the length of time it takes to complete the puzzle would be
a. the independent variable
b. anextraneous variable
c. acontrol variable
d. the dependent variable
20. If we view an experiment as an attempt to establish acause-effect relationship, the variable
would be the cause, and the variable would be the effect.
-----
a. dependent; independent
b. independent; dependent
c. control; experimental
d. independent; confounded
21. The experimental group
a. consists of the subjects who receive some special treatment with regard to the
independent variable
b. consists of the subjects who receive some special treatment with regard to the dependent
variable
c. consists of the subjects who do not receive the special treatment
d. must be chosen so as to be as different fromthe control group as possible
22. The purpose of the control group is to
a. make the experiment more complex
b. isolate the effect of the independent variable onthe dependent variable
c. make statistical significance more likely
d. isolate the effect of the dependent variable onthe independent variable
23. A researcher wants to see if aprotein-enriched diet will enhance the maze-running performance of rats. One
group of rats is fed the high-protein diet for the duration of the study; the other group continues to receive
ordinary rat chow. In this experiment, the group of rats that is fed the high-protein diet is group;
the group that receives ordinary rat chow is group.
a. acontrol; acontrol
b. acontrol; an experimental
c. anexperimental; an experimental
d. anexperimental; acontrol
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24. A group of researchers wanted to determine whether children would behave more aggressively after watchin~-
violent television programming. Half the children in the study watched aviolent television show; the other "--)
children watched anon-violent television program. Inthis study, the control group is
a. the children who behave the most aggressively at the end of the study
b. the children who watch the non-violent program
c. the children who watch the violent show
d. the children who behave the least aggressively at the end of the study
25. By definition, an extraneous variable is
a. avariable that affects the control group but not the experimental group
b. the same thing as adependent variable
c. avariable that is completely irrelevant to both the independent and dependent variables
d. avariable, other than the independent variable, that may influence the dependent variable
26. When two variables are linked and their individual effects cannot be separated out, we speak of the variables
as being
a. independent variables
b. dependent variables
c. confounded variables
d. codependent variables
27. Inexperiments, placing subjects inexperimental groups such that each subject has an equal probability of
ending up in any experimental group is referred to as.
a. random selection
b. random sampling
c. random forecasting
d. random assignment
28. Random assignment of subjects occurs when \.
a. subjects are allowed to choose which group or condition they would like to be in
b. adifferent method is used to assign each subject to agroup or condition
c. all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to any of the groups or conditions
d. all topics have an equal chance of being assigned to aparticular experimenter
29. The main advantage associated with the experimental method is
a. its precise control
b. its ability to duplicate real life inthe laboratory
c. that it can be used to explore just about everything
d. participants usually enjoy taking part in the study
30. The ability to infer acause-and-effect relationship is associated only with the
a. correlational research method
b. case history research method
c. experimental research method
d. empirical research method
31. Which of the following is not adisadvantage of the experimental method of conducting research?
a. It cannot be used to study certain issues.
b. It produces artificial situations that may not be applicable to real life.
c. It is impossible to manipulate certain variables.
d. It is virtually impossible to conduct atrue experiment with human beings.
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32. Naturalistic observation, casestudies, andsurveysall haveincommonthat
a. they donot directly observebehavior
b. they donot manipulatethevariablesunder study
c. they canshowcausal relationships
d. theresults obtainedcannot beanalyzedstatistically
33. Goingtoaplayground foranhour eachdayfortwoweeksandrecordinggirl-boyexchangeswouldbean
exampleof
a. acasestudy
b. asurvey
c. anaturalistic observation
d. anexperiment
34. Anadvantageof naturalistic observationisthat it
a. approximates theexperimental method
b. allows for cause-and-effect conclusionstobedrawn
c. allowsbehavior tobestudiedinrealistic settings
d. involvesrandomassignment
35. Subjectivity andthedanger of focusingattentionselectively isprobably greatestin
a. experimental studies
b. surveys
c. naturalistic observation
d. compiling acasestudy
36. Trevor plans to study therelationshipbetweenpeople'sresponses tohighly stressful situationsandtheir
overall health. Hedecides hemust usecorrelational research, rather thanexperimental research, to
investigatethis problembecausecorrelational studies
a. tendtobemoreaccuratethanexperiments
b. havehigher internal validity thanexperimentswhentherearetwodependent variables
c. canbeusedto studyeither positiveornegativerelationships, whereas experimentscan
onlybeusedto studypositiverelationships
d. canbeused toinvestigatefactorsthat wouldbeunethical tomanipulateinan
experimental study
37. Thetwobasic types of statisticsare
a. descriptive andinferential
b. central tendency andvariability
c. samplingandcorrelative
d. parametric andnonparametric
38. Statistics that areusedtosummarizeandorganizedataarecal1ed
a. descriptive statistics
b. numerical statistics
c. inferential statistics
d. computational statistics
39. Thescorethat fal1sexactly inthecenter of adistributionof scoressuchthat half thescoresfal1belowthat
scoreandhalf thescores fal1aboveit isthe
a. mean
b. standard deviation
c. range
d. median
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40. Your grade point average is an example of which measure of central tendency?
a. median
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41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
b. mean
c. modc
d. midpoint
The correlation coefficient is ameasure of
a. central tendency
b. the amount of variability inadata set
c. the degree of relationship between two variables
d. the difference between the largest and smallest scores in adata set
A correlation coefficient of zero describes
a. apositive relationship between two variables
b. anegative relationship between two variables
c. the lack of arelationship between two variables
d. aperfect rclationship between two variables
Suppose aresearcher discovered a+.87 correlation between the length of aperson's toes and the number of
shoes the person owns. Ingeneral, people who own the fewest number of shoes would have
a. small toes
b. large toes
c. medium-sized toes
d. either very large or very small toes
The FDA found that people who used aparticular diet drug combination had more heart valve defects than
people who had not taken the diet drug combination. This suggests that the use of the diet drug combination
and heart valve defects are ~
a. negatively correlated
b. independent variables
c. positively correlated
d. interactive variables
Mice who received gingko biloba intheir diets made fewer errors in amaze running task than mice who had
not received gingko biloba. This suggests that, in mice, the use of gingko biloba and errors in maze running
are
a. dependent variables
b. negatively correlated
c. positively correlated
d. uncorrelated
Of the following correlation coefficients, the one that would allow the most accurate predictions of one
variable based on the other variable would be
a. 0.00
b. +1.24
c. +1.00
d. -0.49
47. Of the following, the correlation coefficient that indicates the weakest relationship between the two variables
being measured is
a. +0.95
b. -0.69
c. +0.01
d. -4.50
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48. "Statistically significant" means that the results of anexperiment most likely
a. resulted from chance variations
b. wcre not due to chance
c. had practical significance
d. were important
49. By definition, asample
a. is that group of people to whom the conclusion of the study will apply
b. is asubset of the population who actually participate in aresearch study
c. contains less than 50 people or animals
d. must only include volunteers who express an interest in the study
50. By definition, apopulation
a. is the group of people to whom the conclusion ofthe study will apply
b. is asubset of the sample
c. consists of those individuals who actually participate inthe study
d. is any group that contains more than 100people or animals
51. To generalize results to apopulation, we must first
a. select abiased sample from the population of interest
b. oversample selected subgroups in the population
c. draw arepresentative sample from the population of interest
d. ensure that all the variables have been operationally defined
52. A researcher who is conducting an opinion survey asks viewers who are watching apolitical debate to dial a
1-800 number and record their opinion to the "question of the day." Inthis case the researcher is likely to
have
a. arepresentative sample
b. arandom sample
c. abiased sample
d. arandom population
53. A sample is representative if
a. only volunteer subjects are used
b. it is as different fromthe population as possible
c. all subjects are chosen from asingle, unusual segment of the population
d. its composition is similar to the composition of the population
54. Dr. Stillingsworth is interested inpeople's reactions to acontroversial jury verdict. Dr. Stillingsworth calls
people at their home between the hours of I :00 p.m. and 3:30p.m. on aTuesday afternoon. Inthis example
Dr. Stillingsworth has most likely selected
a. arepresentative sample
b. abiased population
c. abiased sample
d. astatistically significant population
55. Sometimes asubject's expectations may lead to behavior change in the absence of any effective treatment.
This is referred to as an example of
a. sampling bias
b. experimenter bias
c. socially desirable responding
d. the placebo effect
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56. Oneismost apt to encounter problems withthesocial desirability biaswhenusing
a. self-reports \. )
b. casestudies
c. naturalistic observations
d. theexperimental method
57. Subjects' self-reports oftenindicatethat they arehealthier, happier, andlessprejudiced thanother types of
evidencewould suggest. Themost likely explanationis
a. experimenter bias
b. faulty memory
c. thesocial desirability bias
d. atendency to agreewithalmost everystatement
58. J ohndislikes completing questionnaires, soeachtimehefillsoneouthealways circles thesameitem(such
as"strongly agree" or "stronglydisagree"). J ohn's behavior reflects
a. theplacebo effect
b. asampling bias
c. social desirability
d. aresponse set
59. Thefact that many timesresearchers unintentionally influencetheoutcomeof their studies implies the
existenceof
a. experimenter bias
b. aplacebo effect
c. samplingbias
d. social desirability
60. Experimenter bias typicallyresults in
a. theeffects of thebiasdisconfirming theexperimenter's expectations ,,_.. I
b. theeffects of thebiasconfirmingtheexperimenter's expectations
c. results that arenot statistically significant
d. theplacebo effect
61. Onemethodto control for experimenter bias effects inresearch istouse
a. asocially desirableprocedure
b. reversecontrol groups
c. adouble-blind procedure
d. anon-representative sample
62. Theexperimental procedureinwhichboththeexperimenter andsubject areunawareof whoisinthe
experimental andwho isinthecontrol groupisreferred to asthe
a. placebo control procedure
b. stereotaxic procedure
c. single-blind procedure
d. double-blind procedure
63. Whichof thefollowing statements istrue?
a. Deception hasnever beenusedinpsychological research.
b. Althoughdeceptionhasbeenusedinthepast, it hasrecently beenbannedby the
AmericanPsychological Association.
c. Inrecent years, therehasbeenasteady increase intheuseof deceptioninpsychological
research.
d. Deceptionhas beenfairlycommoninpsychological research sincethe 1960s.
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64. Deceptionisusedinsomeresearch inorder to
a. helpcontrol for placebo effects.
b. helpaidindouble-blindprocedures.
c. prevent socially desirableresponding.
d. encouragesocially desirableresponding.
65. Thecells that provide structural support andinsulationforneurons arecalled
a. glia
b. somata
c. neuromodulators
d. dendrites
66. Thecellsof thenervous systemthat dotheworkof receiving, integrating, andtransmittinginformationare
the
a. neurons
b. glia
c. neuroblasts
d. neurilemma
67. Thebasicparts of aneuronare
a. vesicles, terminal buttons, synapse
b. cell body, axon, dendrites
c. myelin, nodes, axonterminals
d. hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
68. receiveinformationfromother neurons; transmit informationtootherneurons.
a. Plxons; synapses
b. Dendrites; axons
c. Synapses; dendrites
d. Plxons; dendrites
69. Exchangeof informationbetweenneurons takesplaceatthe
a. axon
b. cell body
c. synapse
d. myelinsheath
70. Whichof thefollowingisthecorrect sequenceof structuresthroughwhichinformationflowsinaneuron?
a. dendritesto cell bodyto axon
b. axonto cell body todendrites
c. gliatodendrites toaxon
d. dendrites to axontoglia
71. The isthejunction betweentwoneurons.
a. synapse
b. terminal button
c. postsynaptic membrane
d. myelinsheath
72. Neurotransmitters aresecreted fromthe
a. myelinsheath
b. terminal buttons
c. neuromodulators
d. dendrites
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73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
A neural impulse is initiated when aneuron's charge
a. momentarily changes frompositive to negative
b. momentarily becomes less negative, or even positive
c. suddenly becomes even more positive than it was during the resting state
d. suddenly becomes even more negative than it was during the resting state
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by
a. transduction capacity
b. transduction incapacity
c. the absolute refractory period
d. the relative threshold period
A chemical that transfers information from one neuron to another is referred to as a(n)
a. synaptic vesicle
b. enzyme
c. neural impulse
d. neurotransmitter
Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during
synaptic transmission?
a. synthesis, release, binding, inactivation, reuptake
b. release, synthesis, binding, reuptake, inactivation
c. binding, synthesis, release, inactivation, reuptake
d. synthesis, binding, release, reuptake, inactivation
A good analogy for the way in which aneurotransmitter binds to receptor sites is
a. the opening and closing of awindow
b. akey fitting inthe lock of adoor
c. the lowering of adrawbridge
d. the pulling of the trigger of agun
Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved inthe activation of motor neurons controlling
skeletal muscles?
a. GABA
b. dopamine
c. serotonin
d. acetylcholine
The regulation ofthe sleep-wake cycle has been linked to
a. amino acid release cycles
b. garnma-aminobutyric acid
c. serot onin
d. phenylalanine hydroxylase
Which of the following has been implicated in pain alleviation?
a. dopamine
b. endorphins
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinephrine
A marathon runner may well experience aphenomenon known as "runner's high" because the pain of along
run may trigger the release of inthe brain.
a. morphine
b. endorphins
e. placebos
d. naloxone
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82. The two most basic divisions of the nervous system are
a. the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division
b. the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
c. the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
d. the brain and the spinal cord
83. Nerves outside the skull and spine comprise the
a. peripheral nervous system
b. vascular nervous system
c. vagus nervous system
d. skeletal nervous system
84. The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system comprise the
a. central nervous system
b. peripheral nervous system
c. skeletal nervous system
d. afferent nervous system
85. nerves receive information, while nerves carry out instructions.
a. afferent; efferent
b. motor; sensory
c. somat ic; aut onomic
d. autonomic; skeletal
86. The movement of voluntary skeletal muscles involved in doing calisthenics is under the control of the
a. somatic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. sympathetic nervous system
d. autonomic nervous system
87. Internal functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and stomach contractions are controlled by the _
nervous system.
a. central
b. autonomic
c. somatic
d. endocrine
88. The conservation of body resources, including blood pressure reduction and the promotion of digestion, is
handled by the .
a. somatic division
b. parasympathetic division
c. sympathetic division
d. unsympathetic division
89. The nervous system mobilizes the body when one needs to exert tremendous energy (such as
flee from an attacker).
a. somatic
b. central
c. sympathetic
d. parasympathetic
90. Which of the following devices monitors the electrical activity of the brain?
a. a st ereot axicrecorder
b. anelectrocardiograph
c. anelectroencephalograph
d. any of these can be used
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\
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
Destroying apiece of brain tissue to observe its effect onbehavior is referred to as which of the following? -
a.~ U
b. lesioning
c. tumor ligation
d. stereotaxic inversion
The technique in which radioactively tagged chemicals are introduced into the brain and then equipment
monitors where the chemicals appear in the brain is
a. computerized tomography
b. positron emission tomography
c. magnetic resonance imaging
d. electro graphic tomography
Shot in the head, the victim died instantly because the bullet entered the , that portion of the
hindbrain that regulates breathing.
a. cerebellum
b. medulla
c. thalamus
d. pons
Damage to the cerebellum is most likely to result in
a. problems with coordination of movement
b. impairment of short-term memory
c. difficulties injudging distance
d. eating irregularities
A person might end up inacoma if the following area of the brain is damaged
a. reticular formation
b. medulla
c. hypothalamus
d. pons
The brain structure responsible for relaying sensory information to various locations inthe brain is the
a. frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex
b. cerebellum
c. thalamus
d. limbic system
The function of the hypothalamus is to regulate
a. hunger
b. thirst
c. body temperature
d. hunger, thirst, and body temperature
Which of the following brain structures is most closely associated with the regulation of emotion?
a. cerebellum
b. reticular formation
c. brainstem
d. limbic system
Which of the following is responsible for the human ability to engage in higher mental activity such as
thinking and philosophizing?
a. the corpus callosum
b. the cerebrum
c. the cerebellum
d. the hypothalamus
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100. The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the
a. corpus callosum
b. pineal gland
c. thalamus
d. parietal lobe
101. The primary processing for auditory sensations is inthe lobe of the cerebrum.
a. parietal
b. temporal
c. frontal
d. occipital
102. A split-brain person has asevered
a. cerebral cortex
b. cerebellum
c. medulla
d. corpus callosum
103. Surgically disconnecting the cerebral hemispheres has its origins in the treatment of
a. epileptics
b. people in comas
c. schizophrenics
d. psychopaths
104. If the left hemisphere of the brain is damaged, which part of the body would be most directly affected?
a. the left half
b. the right half
c. the upper portion
d. the entire body
105. Research has found that the left side of the brain typically exercises primary control over all of the following
except
a. language
b. the right side of the body
c. visual-spatial abilities
d. linguistic processing
106. The system of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream is known as the
a. atopic system
b. exocrine system
c. endocrine system
d. blood-brain system
107. The master gland of the endocrine system is the
a. thyroid gland
b. adrenal gland
c. pancreas
d. pituitary gland
108. When adominant gene is paired with arecessive gene, the gene pair is said to be
a. homozygous
b. phenotypic
c. heterozygous
d. polygenic
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109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
When one member of agene pair is more influential, such that its trait is expressed over the trait of the other~
gene, it is said to be ' - - oJ
a. expressive
b. genotypic
c. phenotypic
d. dominant
The observable characteristics of an individual are referred to as one's
a. phenotype
b. zygotype
c. genotype
d. heritability
Which of the following is determined at conception and is fixed forever?
a. phenotype
b. somatotype
c. genotype
d. prototype
Technically, your absolute threshold is the point which you can detect
a. astimulus 50 percent of the time
b. astimulus 75 percent of the time
c. any stimulus set point
d. any stimulus that registers on sensory memory
If asubject is presented with aseries of pairs of light bulbs of different wattages and is asked whether the
members of each pair differ inbrightness, which of the following is being measured?
a. the physical intensity difference between the two lights
b. the subject's just noticeable difference for brightness
c. the subject's absolute threshold for brightness
d. the subject's visual acuity
If a I DO-Hztone had to be increased to 110 Hz for asubject tojust notice the difference, you would predict
that a 1000-Hz tone would have to be increased to
a. 1010to benoticed
b. 1050 to be noticed
c. 1100 to be noticed
d. 1200 to be noticed
If one is subjected to prolonged stimulation, eventually
a. sensory overload will occur
b. sensory adaptation will occur
c. perceptual agnosia will occur
d. perceptual inversion will occur
You enter aroom and notice adistinctive new smell. After abit of time you no longer smell the odor. This
illustrates the phenomenon of
a. progressive desensitization
b. sensory contrast
c. sensory novelty
d. sensory adaptation
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117. Thewavelengthof light mainlyaffectsour perceptionof
a. color
b. brightness
c. saturation
d. lightpurity
118. Thelensintheeye
a. converts light energyintoneural energy
b. controls theamount of light enteringtheeye
c. bends enteringlightrays andfocusesthemontotheretina
d. isthepart of theeyethat givesit itscolor
119. Theamount oflight enteringtheeyeisregulatedbychangesinthesizeof the
a. pupil
b. lens
c. cornea
d. retina
120. Inbright sunlight, thepupil of theeyeis
a. thesamesizeasit isinadarkroom
b. dilated
c. constricted
d. closed
121. Theblindspot intheeyeis
a. wherephotoreceptor cells donot "bleach"
b. thepoint at whichganglioncells synapsewithbipolar cells
c. wheretheopticnerveexitstheback of theeye
d. what leadstocolor blindness
122. Petralookeddirectly intoaverybright light anddamagedherretina. Theopthamologist hastoldher that she
has sustainedmassivedamagetoher cones, but for themostpart her rodshavenotbeenaffected. Onechange
that youcouldpredict forPetra's visionisthat shewill nowhave
a. poor visioninlowillumination
b. poor peripheral vision
c. nocolor vision
d. moreaccuratedepthperception
123. Theprimary visual cortex islocatedinthe
a. occipital lobes
b. temporal lobes
c. parietal lobes
d. frontal lobes
124. Televisionsetsareabletorecreatetheentirevisiblespectrumby additively mixingthreeprimarycolors. This
process issimilar totheviewof humancolor visioncalled
a. opponent-process theory
b. saturationtheory
c. complementary color theory
d. trichromatic theory
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125. Hering's opponent-process theory suggests that receptors are linked antagonistically inpairs. His opposed
pairs were
a. red-yellow; blue-green; black-white
b. red-green; yellow-blue; black-white
c. red-black; yellow-white; green-blue
d. yellow-green; red-blue; black-white
126. A perceptual set implies that
a. people often see what thcy expcct to see
b. visual perception is based onabottom-up processing strategy
c. feature analysis is a"hard-wired" process
d. the focused-attention stage of processing is often overridden by preattentive processes
127. The ability to rapidly process words inreading depends most on
a. top-down processing
b. bottom-up processing
c. bottom-to-top processing
d. lateral processing
128. The lights around the movie marquee flashed on-and-offin succession. However, J erome did not perceive
them as separate lights flashing, but instead saw acontinuous band of light moving around the edge of the
marquee. J erome's perception illustrates
a. the phi phenomenon
b. bottom-up processing
c. feature detection
d. preattentive processing
129. The Gestalt principle of proximity refers to the idea that
a. people tend to gravitate toward acommon interaction distance
b. center-surround cells are closer fire more often
c. perception occurs in discrete time frames
d. objects nearer to each other are seen as forming aunit
130. If you are looking at an object such as abook, the object itself can be referred to as
a. adistal stimulus
b. aproximal stimulus
c. an approximate stimulus
d. adistilled stimulus
131. Amanda had an operation on her eyes, but the doctors were unable to save the vision in her left eye. One
major change that will affect Amanda's perception is the fact that she will
a. no longer have any perception of depth
b. be more likely to misinterpret perceptual illusions
c. no longer be able to utilize binocular depth cues
d. lose her ability to perceive colors accurately
132. Perceptual constancy refers to
a. the same thing as functional fixedness
b. our perception of objects remaining stable despite the fact that sensory information
changes
c. the existence of schemas that guide our perceptions
d. visual fields in the retina that allow our perception of the world to remain stable
16
\ .. .J
Name:
- - - - - - - - - - - -
In: A
133. Thestructureof theear that transducessoundvibrations intonerveimpulsesisthe
a. cochlea
b. oval window
c. temporal lobe
d. stirrup
134. Accordingtoplacetheory, theabilitytohear pitchcorrespondsto
a. specifichair cells beingstimulatedalongthelengthof thesemicircularcanals
b. vibrations occurring at specificlocations downthelengthof thebasilar membrane
c. theentirecochleavibratingataspeedequivalent to thewavelengthstheear isbeing
stimulatedwith
d. differential movement of specificossicles
135. Thefrequency theory of pitchperceptionisflawedbecause
a. structurally, it is impossiblefor thebasilar membranetovibrate
b. neurons cannot firefast enoughtoaccount for hearingtoneshigherthan1,000
cycles/second
c. itplaces thetransductionprocess inthesemicircular canalsandnot thecochlea
d. theactionof theossicles interactingwiththeauditorynervewasmisidentified
136. Thevolley principle suggeststhat
a. spreadingeffects fromonesemicircular canal toanother interact toproducepitch
perception for frequencies higher than5,000Hz
b. ossicles of themiddleear "echo" or "volley" auditorytransmissionbackandforthto
stimulatehair cells
c. soundlocalization isaninterpretationof timediscrepanciesbetweenthetimewhenthe
samesoundreaches eachear
d. groups of auditory neurons areablefireneural impulsesinrapidsuccession, sending
signalsthat exceed thefiringrateof anysingleneuron
137. Cliffordwas inanaccident andhehas lost all thehearinginhisright ear. Thedeafuessinthisear will mostly
affect Clifford's ability to
a. localizesounds accurately
b. separatespeech sounds frombackgroundnoise
c. detect highfrequency sounds
d. detect highamplitudesounds
138. Thesenseassociated withtheperceptionof tasteisreferredtoasthe
a. gustatory system
b. olfactory system
c. vagussystem
d. vestibular system
139. Thesenseassociated withtheperceptionof smell is
a. gustation
b. olfaction
c. kinesthesis
d. audition
140. Of thefollowing, theonly sensorysystemthat doesnot project upwardtothecerebral cortexthroughthe
thalamus, is
a. vision
b. hearing
c. gustation
d. olfaction
17
Name: _ In: A
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
You place your left hand inapan of cool water and your right hand in apan of warm water, for aminute. If
you then place both your hands inapan of lukewarm water, the lukewarm water will feel
a. lukewarm to both hands
b. warm to your left hand but cool to your right hand
c. cool to your left hand but warm to your right hand
d. cool to both hands
Information that an injury has just occurred is carried to the brain via the pain pathway;
information that the injury has not yet healed is carried to the brain via the pain pathway.
a. fast; slow
b. fast; fast
c. slow; fast
d. slow; slow
The vestibular sense reports information from aset of receptors in
a. thejoints
b. the muscles
c. the inner ear
d. the skin
Which of the following parts of the ear has arole inmaintaining balance?
a. the cochlea
b. the basilar membrane
c. the semicircular canals
d. the ossicles
Consciousness includes awareness of
a. external events only
b. internal sensations only
c. self only
d. external events, internal sensations, and self
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is
a. gamma
b. beta
c. alpha
d. delta
The delta wave EEG pattern is associated with
a. dreaming
b. deep sleep
c. awaking state
d. none of these states
A circadian rhythm involves abiological cycle that fluctuates
a. every 8hours
b. daily
c. monthly
d. yearly
Stage I sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as
a. alpha waves
b. REM waves
c. synchronisitic waves
d. zeta waves
18
)
~
)
Name:
- - - - - - - - - - -
lD: A
ISO. Slow-wavesleeprefers tostages andanEEGrhythmof _
a. 1and2; theta
b. 2and3; alpha
c. 1and4; theta
d. 3and4; delta
lSI. Thestageof sleep inwhichtheslowestbrainwavesoccur is
a. stage 1
b. stage2
c. REM
d. stage4
152. Whichof thefollowing is(are) characteristic of REM sleep?
a. dreams
b. rapid eyemovements
c. relaxed muscletone
d. all of these
153. Dreamingtypically goeswithwhichsleepstage?
a. REM
b. stage I
c. stage2
d. stage4
154. REM sleepisalsoknownasparadoxical sleepbecause
a. subjects inREM sleeparedeeplyasleep, but areextremely easytoawaken
b. brainactivity duringREM sleepissimilar tothat observedinwide-awakesubjects
c. muscular tension duringREM sleepis similar tothat observedinwide-awakesubjects
d. theeyes areopeneventhoughthepersonissleeping
155. Sheri has no troublefallingasleep, but shehas difficulty remainingasleep. Sheri issufferingfrom
a. insomnia
b. narcolepsy
c. sleepapnea
d. pseudoinsomnia
IS6. Theraresleepdisorder inwhichapersonwill, without warning, godirectlyfrombeingawakeintoREM
sleepis
a. sleepapnea
b. narcolepsy
c. hypersomnia
d. somnambulism
157. Sleepapneaischaracterized by
a. asudden, irresistible urgeto sleepduringnormal wakinghours
b. areflexive gasping for air duringsleep
c. anextremely lowrateof REM
d. "night terrors"
IS8. Night terrors aremost closelyassociatedwithwhich of thefollowing?
a. asomnambulistic episode
b. emotional disturbance
c. severedepression
d. NREM sleep
19
Name: __ ID: A
159. Therole-playingtheory of hypnosis offeredbyBarber andSpanossuggests that thehypnotizedsubject
a. actually fakesthehypnoticstate
b. entersintoatranceandacts out suggestions
c. knowsthat heor sheisonly pretending
d. isinanormal statebut acts out theroleof ahypnotizedperson
160. Dissociationrefers to
a. alossof inhibitionbyhypnotized subjects
b. ahypnotizedsubject's willingness toact out thehypnotist's suggestions
c. asplittingof mental processcs into twoseparate, simultaneous streams of awareness
d. roleplayingbyhypnotized subjects inresponsetosituational cues
20
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