Family and Peer Pressure Leads to Alcohol Addiction 1
Running head: FAMILY AND PEER PRESSURE LEADS TO ALCHOL
ADDICTION Family and Peer Pressure as a Factor Leading to Alcohol Addiction Nicole A. Gaudia Richard L. Gurion Noel L. Lee Saint Louis College (High School) Mr. Al Gerald S. Barde English IV St. Maximilian Kolbe December 6, 2013 Family and Peer Pressure Leads to Alcohol Addiction 2 Outline: I. Introduction A.Concept of Alcohol Addiction B.Involvement of Peers C.Teenage Alcohol Addiction: Familys Dilemma II. Presentation, Analysis & Interpretation Data A.Case Studies 1.Case study 1: Exposure of Teenager to Addicted Family a.Analysis 2.Case study 2: Permission of Parents a.Analysis 3.Case Study 3: Peer Pressure via Advertising a.Analysis B.Treatment 1.Medication 2.Psychotherapy 3.Long Term Support a.Counseling b.Guidance III. Conclusion Family and Peer Pressure Leads to Alcohol Addiction 3 ABSTRACT Prominently, most teenagers come up to an inappropriate habit via family and peer pressure. So, our team decided to study about teenagers particularly the involvement of peers and family why teenagers come to uphold their own habit- forming which proceeds to addiction. Our team is yearning to know the factor why teenagers lead to such action and what may be the possible treatment for alcoholic teenagers. As a matter of fact, we, as a team, frisk all the possible information that will help our readers to have some knowledge about this problem. As references for our research, we used all the informative details particularly in books, magazines & internet. As a result, we, researchers, found out that family and peer pressure has a huge role to teenagers as they perceive to the inculpation to their habit. Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 4 PEER PRESSURE AS A FACTOR LEADING TO ALCOHOL ADDICTION I. INTRODUCTION Alcohol addiction, as an enslavement which afects every individual, is a prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and to severe withdrawal symptoms (Farlex 2012). Alcohol addiction is quite probably a perilous dilemma. Alcoholic individuals have vulnerable pattern of diminishing or ignoring the negative impacts of overconsumption; the hangovers, loss of memory, fghts, violence and arrests. So as Bejerot (1978) quoted The less vulnerable individual equates heavy alcohol consumption as overall unpleasant as a result of the negative efects outweighing the positive. In alcohol addiction, the addict is trapped in a self-perpetuating pattern of behaviour. In drinking alcohol, the addiction actually develops slowly and insidiously period of years. As a matter of fact, Maxwell (2005) explains that the use of alcohol leads to dependence upon it as an indispensable agent for the relaxingof the increasingly constrictive barrier. Alcohol addiction requires Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 5 personality changes which enable a more objective and satisfying interaction with other persons and other aspects of the environment. Alcohol addiction, indeed, has serious efect which may be prevented will not subject himself/herself to peer pressure. Peer pressure is one thing that all teens have in common. They can't escape it; it is everywhere. No matter how popular they are, how well liked them may be or how together they feel, sooner or later they will have to face peer pressure. Whether it is pressure to conform to a group norm or pressure to act certain way peer pressure is something all have to deal with at some time in their life. Csikszentmihalyi & Larson (1984) concluded It is not surprising that young adolescents that use of alcohol is rather that widespread. As adolescents get older, they spend less time with their parents and more time with friends resisting the attempts of parents to control the selection and association of these friends. Peers have an efective idea on how they perceive their friend. As a result, peers get stuck in a behavioural problem in lieu of their peers favour. Alcoholism is a family disease in the sense that it also wounds those closest to the alcohol dependent person. There might be a confict relationship between the father and mother of alcoholic teenager. Fry (2010) stated that a certain people believe that any drinking, no matter how much, how often or for Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 6 what reason, it is still a problem. As we gear up for occasions, the issue of managing teen alcohol consumption looms large for many parents should be responsible in every action theyll do. There might be colossal possibility of rebellion. Every child will rebel in an unexpected time. Teenage alcoholics are at high risk for developing problems with alcohol; they often do poorly at school, live with pervasive tension and stress, have high levels of anxiety and depression and experience coping problems. So, as the teenager amass more infuential peers, time by time, difculty in the family will always occur. Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 7 III. INTERPREATION, ANALYSIS, AND PRESENTATION OF DATA A.Case Studies Case Study 1: Exposure of teenage to an addicted family As a young girl, two of the more traumatic things I went through wereup with an alcoholic parent and divorce parents (King, 2009). As we prominently know, peers play a critical role in our lives. It is defnitely ethical but then again family also does. It is proven that one of the cause why teenagers see the relevance of alcohol is the exposure of their parents addictive habits. Nevertheless, we probably know there are many forces that infuence a person in deciding whether or not to drink. One of those forces, certainly the attitude toward drinking that is held in the persons home. A family has a strong direct and indirect infuence. According to Bremner (2011) his idea about parent or guardian has a particularly strong infuence on their childs behaviour. This ranges from the point at which alcohol is introduced, parents should take the full responsibility or the supervision. Family insobriety is a very strong infuence, particularly if its parents who have been drunk. Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 8 Case Study 2: Permission of parents Most students who say they sometimes drink; also say they learned to drink from home. Most say they have their parents permission to drink(Nash, 2005). Some teenagers say that they drink more than their parents know about, chiefy away from home (Smith, 2009). Parents allow their children to drink, for some time, because they know that they will still insist to. According to Khun (2013), many parents feel that its better for their teens to be exposed to alcohol in the safety of their own homes, under adult supervision. Parents allow their children to drink as long as they know their limitation in drinking. Most parents permitted their child to drink because they trust them as well as they trust his childs acquaintance. Parents permit their child to go with their friends for bonding which teenagers ideally think that it is more spontaneous and exciting. If they learn acceptable behaviour and use of alcohol early in their lives theyre unlikely to fnd themselves in trouble with alcohol at a late time. If something is forbidden, then it becomes attractive just because it is not allowed. She feels that the earlier teens start drinking, the more likely they are Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction to become alcoholics (Khun, 2013). Just because a parent allows their teen to drink under their supervision does not ensure that the teen will not drink alcohol with others outside of the home. Sometimes teenagers abuse it because parents authorized them. Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 9 Case study 3: Peer pressure via advertising There are many pressures on teens to drink. One very powerful infuence is Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 8advertising -- from television to billboards, it's everywhere. (Epstein, 2008) Advertisement of alcohol attracts teenagers. It is an infuential media action that gives negative efect. Youth alcohol consumption represents an international public health crisis. Hastings et al. have analysed and summarized the growing international body of research literature showing that exposure to alcohol advertising predicts awareness of that advertising, which leads to increased intentions to drink ,and higher likelihood of consuming alcohol (Jernigan, Ross & Ostrof, 2005). Teens that can recognize and resist the persuasive tactics used in alcohol advertisement are less likely succumbs to alcohol advertising and peer pressure to drink. As peers see the relevance of alcohol through media and they fnd it enjoying, they will spread it out which might be a pressured peer habit. Media has a seductive ways on how they perceive the attention. For example, a peer frst tempt to try and fnds himself/herself enjoying it, it will now be the beginning of dragging one peer to try the same thing also. The thing is, as the one peer pressured upon the favour of their peers, there might be an addiction occur if they continuously do it. As a summary, media has a negative efect which teenagers victimize themselves to be attracted to this. The habit of one peer is sometimes a habit of all peers due to partly pressured one another. Family and Peer Pressure Leads to Alcohol Addiction 10 IV. TREATMENT According to some research, medication is one of the seminal treatments to deal with addiction. Medical treatment for alcoholics is essential in helpingthem to stop drinking and in helping them to survive the withdrawal symptoms (Hill & Needle, 1979). There are diverse medicines exploit to help people in recovery from alcoholism maintain abstinence and sobriety. One of the medicines that demote the craving for alcohol is medication (Williams, 2005). Naltrexone can be given even if the individual is still drinking; however, as with all medications used to treat alcoholism, it is recommended as part of a comprehensive program that teaches patients new coping skills. Naltrexone demotes the craving for alcohol which many alcohol dependent people experience when they quit drinking. Alcohol Abuse Health Center (n.d) believed that naltrexone works through its blockage of opioid receptors, which reduces the reinforcing efects of alcohol leading to decreased feelings of intoxication and fewer cravings.Another medicine according to NAHC is Disulfram that may be exploiting once the detox phase is complete and the person is abstinent. It interferes with alcohol metabolism so that drinking a small amount will cause nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, confusion, and breathing difculty. Disfulgram discourages an alcoholic from drinking in signifcant amounts while they take the medicine disulfram prescribed to help people who want to quit drinking by causing a negative reaction if the person drinks while they are (Alcohol Abuse Health Center, n.d) Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 11 The second treatment is psychotherapy which is a common treatment. The only therapy which would give the alcohol addict release from his addiction would be a therapy which increases his capacity to interact with his environment in a less neurotic manner (Kalat, 2009). Help with coping with cravings, avoiding the substance, and dealing with possible relapses are key to efective addiction programs. A taking ant abuse therapist helps the person avoid these triggers, and replace negative thoughts and feelings with ones that are healthier. If the patients family can become involved there is a better probability of positive outcomes. The cessation of treatment deprives them of support and impairs their motivation to keep on trying. They may even feel deserted by the therapist when they have no more appointments to look forward. It is best to terminate therapy gradually and to enlist the support of family and friends after the therapy is over. And fnally, long term support is also a treatment which divided to two Counselling is an intensive interpersonal process concerned with assisting Family and Peer Pressure Leads to Alcohol Addiction 12 normal people to achieve their goals or function more efective. So, Hill & Needle (1979) concluded that other forms of treatment to alcoholics involve counselling and special drugs. Abstinence is the most crucial and probably the most difcult step to recovery from alcoholism. Counselling is an essential part Family and Peer Pressure Leads to Alcohol Addiction 11 of alcohol abuse treatment for many people. Counselling can provide encouragement and motivation to stick to treatment. It can help you learn how to make healthy decisions, handle setbacks and stress, and move forward with your life. Prescription drug abuse counselling helps addicts escape craving and learn to cope with life, without using drugs. Addicts are masters of denial, the thinking went, and therapy should break down walls to force them to accept the reality of their addiction. Counselling is a useful way for family and friends to learn more about your situation, how to help, and how to handle the problems your addiction has caused them. It is a safe place for them to express feelings and to fnd out what help is available for everyone afected. Through counselling, you learn about the motivations and behaviours that led to your addiction. You learn to commit to a more healthful lifestyle. The second long term support for an alcoholic person is guidance. Family and Peer Pressure Lead to Alcohol Addiction 13 At local policy level, support services and guidance for parents and families should incorporate clear messages about the importance parents drinking, access to alcohol at home, parental supervision and encouraging young people into positive activities (Bremner, 2011). The supervision of the family or the people around a teenager is much more important. Guidance is merely appropriate for teenagers because of the fact that they really need it. People recovering from alcoholism, their families, and their children can and often do achieve optimum levels of health and function. The guidance of a family take a whole way part of the recovering session of their own child. Reprimanding them in doing various ingenious acts, maybe halfway of their addiction will eventually loss. Through the given words advices around the teenager, there might be a development in teenagers personality. Family and Peer Pressure Leads to Alcohol Addiction 14 V. Conclusion In peer pressure, one of the main factors associated with young people ever having drunk alcohol is how they perceive their friends behaviour. The more friends they thought were drinking, the more likely young people were to have been drinking alcohol. Friends drinking also infuences the amount of young people drink: the likelihood of young people drinking heavily reduces signifcantly among those who say some or a few friends drink alcohol compared with someone who says that all of their friends drink alcohol. In family infuence, parents strongly infuenced young peoples especially in alcohol related behaviour through supervision and monitoring, as well as playing a role of monitoring, which can reduce the likelihood of drinking, frequent of drinking, and the higher levels of alcohol consumption or drunkenness. The exposure of alcohols of parents to their children has a huge efect especially to their children. As they are drinking, children attempt also to do it. Witnessing family members drinking and perceptions of drunkenness among family members in the home can make this kind of drunkenness among family members in the home can make this kind of drinking appear normal. Family and Peer Pressure Leads to Alcohol Addiction 15 REFERENCES: Alcohol Abuse Health Center. (n.d). Retrieved November 23, 2013 from http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/alcohol-abuse/undertandeing- alcohol-abuse-treatment Bremner, P. (2011). Young people, alcohol & infuences. Retrieved November 23, 2013 from http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/young-people-alcohol- and-infuences Carey, K. B. & Borsari B. (2001). Journal of substance abuse. 430 Huntington Hall: Elsevier Science Inc. Craig, R., Ostrof, J. & Jernigan, D. H. (2005). Alcohol advertising and youth: A measured approach. Retrieved November18, 2013, from http:// www. jstor .org/stable/4125155 Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1984). Being adolescent. New York: Basic Books. Epstein, J. A. (2008). 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