Activities for

Activities for
Teaching
Teaching
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Eve Chambers Eve Chambers
National English Language Fellow Coordinator National English Language Fellow Coordinator
Turkey Turkey
2007 2007- -2008 2008
Turkish Turkish- -American Association American Association
Cinnah Caddesi Cinnah Caddesi 20, 20,
Kavaklidere Kavaklidere 06690 Ankara 06690 Ankara
Tel (312) 426 Tel (312) 426- -2538 2538
Email: chambers_eve@yahoo.com Email: chambers_eve@yahoo.com
2 2
History of teaching
History of teaching
pronunciation
pronunciation
1. Grammar
1. Grammar
-
-
translation
translation
method
method
2. Direct approach
2. Direct approach
3.
3.
Audiolingual
Audiolingual
approach
approach
4. Cognitive code approach
4. Cognitive code approach
5. Communicative approach
5. Communicative approach
Celce
Celce
-
-
Murcia and Goodwin
Murcia and Goodwin
History of teaching
History of teaching
pronunciation:
pronunciation:
1. Grammar translation method
1. Grammar translation method
3 3
History of teaching
History of teaching
pronunciation:
pronunciation:
2. Direct approach
2. Direct approach
4 4
History of teaching
History of teaching
pronunciation:
pronunciation:
3.
3.
Audiolingual
Audiolingual
approach
approach
5 5
History of teaching
History of teaching
pronunciation:
pronunciation:
4. Cognitive code approach
4. Cognitive code approach
Focus on how the brain
Focus on how the brain
processes language.
processes language.
Student must have
Student must have
awareness of how the
awareness of how the
language system
language system
functions.
functions.
6 6
History of teaching
History of teaching
pronunciation:
pronunciation:
5. Communicative approach
5. Communicative approach
7 7
8 8
Goal of teaching pronunciation:
Goal of teaching pronunciation:

To achieve a level of
To achieve a level of
pronunciation which does
pronunciation which does
not hinder the learner
not hinder the learner

s
s
ability to communicate.
ability to communicate.
9 9
Factors that inhibit or enhance the
Factors that inhibit or enhance the
acquisition of reasonable pronunciation
acquisition of reasonable pronunciation

Learner
Learner

s native language
s native language

Learner
Learner

s age
s age

Learner
Learner

s exposure to the
s exposure to the
target language
target language

Learner
Learner

s innate phonetic
s innate phonetic
ability
ability

Learner
Learner

s attitude and sense of

s attitude and sense of
identity
identity

Learner
Learner

s motivation and
s motivation and
concern for good pronunciation
concern for good pronunciation
Kenworthy
Kenworthy
, 1987
, 1987
Sample
Sample
classroom
classroom
activities
activities
11 11
Articulation:
Articulation:
Diagram of articulators Diagram of articulators
http://www. http://www.uiowa uiowa. .edu edu/~ /~acadtech acadtech/phonetics/ /phonetics/english english/frameset.html /frameset.html
12 12
Articulation
Articulation
Mouth exercises Mouth exercises Jaw Jaw
from from Training the Speaking Voice Training the Speaking Voice, by Virgil Anderson. NY , by Virgil Anderson. NY
Oxford UP Oxford UP
1. 1. Drop the jaw lazily and allow the mouth to fall open. Drop the jaw lazily and allow the mouth to fall open.
2. Move the relaxed jaw from side to side with the hand. 2. Move the relaxed jaw from side to side with the hand.
3. Move the jaw around in a circle. 3. Move the jaw around in a circle.
4. Pronounce 4. Pronounce ouch ouch. Open the mouth wide; repeat a number of . Open the mouth wide; repeat a number of
times. times.
5. Repeat 5. Repeat gobble / gobble /gabl gabl/rapidly, opening the mouth wide on /a/ /rapidly, opening the mouth wide on /a/
6. Pronounce the following sentences, exaggerating the mouth 6. Pronounce the following sentences, exaggerating the mouth
opening for all of the stressed vowels: opening for all of the stressed vowels:
a. Humpty a. Humpty Dumpty Dumpty sat on a wall. sat on a wall.
b. The wagon wobbled wildly. b. The wagon wobbled wildly.
c. Around the rough and rugged rock the ragged rascal c. Around the rough and rugged rock the ragged rascal
ran. ran.
13 13
Articulation: Problem
Articulation: Problem
sounds
sounds
/
/
th
th
/ and /
/ and /
t
t
/
/
as in
as in
/
/
thought
thought
/
/
and
and
/taught/
/taught/
14 14
Sample Exercise from
Sample Exercise from
Pronouncing American English.*
Pronouncing American English.*
1a.taught 1a.taught He taught a lot last night. He taught a lot last night.
b.thought b.thought He thought a lot last night. He thought a lot last night.
2a. team 2a. team I need a team for my school. I need a team for my school.
b. theme b. theme I need a theme for my school. I need a theme for my school.
3a. tin 3a. tin Do you like it when it Do you like it when it s tin? s tin?
b. thin b. thin Do you like it when it Do you like it when it s thin? s thin?
4a. tank 4a. tank She said, She said, tank. tank.
b. thank b. thank She said, She said, thank. thank.
5a. tent 5a. tent It It s my tent. s my tent.
b. tenth b. tenth It It s my tenth. s my tenth.
6a. 6a. debt debt It It s his debt I s his debt I m worried about. m worried about.
b. death b. death It It s his death I s his death I m worried about. m worried about.
7a. boot 7a. boot She has my boot. She has my boot.
b. booth b. booth She has my booth. She has my booth.
8a. mat 8a. mat He said his mat was hard. He said his mat was hard.
b. math b. math He said his math was hard. He said his math was hard.
15 15
Problem sounds
Problem sounds
(continued)
(continued)
Tongue Twisters:
Tongue Twisters:
Theophilis
Theophilis
Thistle
Thistle
Theophilis
Theophilis
Thistle,
Thistle,
The famous thistle sifter
The famous thistle sifter
Sifted three thousand thistles
Sifted three thousand thistles
Through the thick of his thumb
Through the thick of his thumb

For more tongue
For more tongue
twisters, visit
twisters, visit
http://members. http://members.aol aol.com/ .com/SdShowBob7/twisters.html SdShowBob7/twisters.html
16 16
Problem Sounds:
Problem Sounds:
Communciative
Communciative
Activity
Activity

Have students make lists of
Have students make lists of
words with /t/ and /
words with /t/ and /
th
th
/
/

Assignment: You are going
Assignment: You are going
to have a party. List things
to have a party. List things
that you will have to eat,
that you will have to eat,
things you will have at the
things you will have at the
party, people you will invite,
party, people you will invite,
etc. All of these things must
etc. All of these things must
begin with the sound /t/ or
begin with the sound /t/ or
/
/
th
th
/
/
17 17
Word/sentence stress
Word/sentence stress
Content words
Content words
( stressed)
( stressed)

Nouns
Nouns

Verbs
Verbs

Adjectives
Adjectives

Adverbs
Adverbs
Function
Function
words
words
(unstressed,
(unstressed,
reduced)
reduced)

Articles
Articles

Pronouns
Pronouns
and
and
Possessives
Possessives

Prepositions
Prepositions

Auxiliary
Auxiliary
Verbs
Verbs

Conjunctions
Conjunctions
18 18
Stress stretch
Stress stretch
Part A. Part A.
In the following sentences, the most In the following sentences, the most
important content words are underlined. important content words are underlined.
Read the sentences out loud, stretching to Read the sentences out loud, stretching to
a standing position when you say the a standing position when you say the
stressed words. stressed words.
Examples:
Examples:
a. I
a. I
read
read
the
the
book
book
.
.
b. I was
b. I was
jogging
jogging
in the
in the
park
park
.
.
19 19
Stress Stretch
Stress Stretch
(continued)
(continued)
Part B
Part B
.
.
Underline the stressed words in these Underline the stressed words in these
sentences. Then read them out loud and sentences. Then read them out loud and
stand up as you say the stressed words. stand up as you say the stressed words.
1. He
1. He

s going to the office.

s going to the office.
2. He
2. He

s working at his computer.

s working at his computer.
3. Did you go to the movies?
3. Did you go to the movies?
4. What movie did you see?
4. What movie did you see?
5.
5.
Gone with the Wind
Gone with the Wind
.
.
20 20
Intonation/Rhythm/Volume
Intonation/Rhythm/Volume
Choral repetition
Choral repetition
Text
Text
: Jazz Chants, Old and New
: Jazz Chants, Old and New
by Carolyn Graham
by Carolyn Graham
21 21

It
It

s Got to Be Somewhere
s Got to Be Somewhere
Where is it? Where is it? Where is it? Where is it?
Where is it? Where is it? Where is it? Where is it?
I can I can t find it. t find it.
She can She can t find it. t find it.
It It s got to be here. It s got to be here. It s got to be here. s got to be here.
It has to be here. It must be here. It has to be here. It must be here.
It It s gone! It s gone! It s gone! It s gone! It s gone! It s gone! It s gone! s gone!
Take it easy. Take it easy. Take it easy. Take it easy.
It has to be here. It must be here. It has to be here. It must be here.
It can It can t be lost. It can t be lost. It can t be lost. t be lost.
It It s got to be here. It s got to be here. It s got to be here. s got to be here.
Try to remember. Try to remember. Try to remember. Try to remember.
I can I can t remember. t remember.
Try to remember. Try to remember.
I can I can t remember. t remember.
Think back. Think back.
I can I can t think. t think.
Think back. Think back.
I can I can t think. t think.
Where did you put it? Where did you put it? Where did you put it? Where did you put it?
I can I can t remember. I can t remember. I can t remember. t remember.
Oh, here it is! Here it is! Thank heavens! Oh, here it is! Here it is! Thank heavens!
Thank heavens! Thank heavens!
I found it! I found it!
She found it! She found it!
Here it is! Here it is! Whew! Here it is! Here it is! Whew!
22 22
Reduced forms in
Reduced forms in
spoken English:
spoken English:
Conversation
Conversation

A.
A.
Jeat
Jeat
yet?
yet?

B. No,
B. No,
jou
jou
?
?

A. No,
A. No,
wanna
wanna
go
go
ta
ta
lunch?
lunch?

B. Sure,
B. Sure,
wherll
wherll
we go?
we go?

A. I
A. I
dunno
dunno
.
.
Waddabout
Waddabout
the
the
coffee shop?
coffee shop?

A. Okay, I
A. Okay, I
gotta
gotta
get my coat.
get my coat.

B. Me too.
B. Me too.
Seeya
Seeya
here in five
here in five
minutes.
minutes.
23 23
List of
List of
Reduced Forms in
Reduced Forms in
Spoken American English
Spoken American English
1. 1. ya ya you you
2. 2. whaddaya whaddaya
what do you, what do you,
what are you what are you
3. 3. wanna wannawant to want to
4. 4. gonna gonna going to going to
5. 5. donno donno don don t know t know
6. 6. ta ta to to
7. 7. gotta gotta got to got to
hafta hafta have to have to
hasta hasta has to has to
8. 8. yer yer your your
yers yers yours yours
9. 9. cha cha /t/ + you /t/ + you
cher cher /t/+your,you /t/+your,you re re
10. 10.- -in in - -ing ing
11. 11. whacha whacha what do you, what do you,
what you what you
12. 12. ja ja /d/ + you /d/ + you
jer jer /d/ + your /d/ + your
13. 13. er er or or
14. 14. e e he he
is is his his
im im him him
er er her her
em em them them
15. 15. n n and and
16. 16. Kin Kin can can
17. 17. a a of of
18. 18. shoulda shoulda should have should have
coulda coulda could have could have
woulda woulda would have would have
musta musta must have must have
maya maya may have may have
mighta mighta might have might have
19. 19. da da to to after a vowel after a vowel
sound sound
20. 20. fer fer for for
List of Expressions List of Expressions
from from
Whaddaya Whaddaya Say Say by Nina by Nina
Weinstein Weinstein
24 24
Comprehensive
Comprehensive
activity
activity

Titanic script (video or

Titanic script (video or
audio exercise)
audio exercise)
25 25
Bibliography and
Bibliography and
Websites
Websites
Brown, H. Douglas. 2nd edition. 2001. Brown, H. Douglas. 2nd edition. 2001. Teaching by Principles: An Teaching by Principles: An
Interactice Interactice Approach to Language Pedagogy Approach to Language Pedagogy. White Plains, NY. Pearson . White Plains, NY. Pearson
Education. Education.
Celce Celce- -Murica Murica, Marianne, editor. 3rd edition, 2001. , Marianne, editor. 3rd edition, 2001. Teaching Teaching Enlgish Enlgish as a as a
Second or Foreign Language Second or Foreign Language. Boston, MA. . Boston, MA. Heinle Heinle & & Heinle Heinle Publishers. Publishers.
Chan, Marsha. 1994. Chan, Marsha. 1994. Stress Stretch, Stress Stretch, in in New Ways for Teaching New Ways for Teaching
Speaking Speaking. Kathleen Bailey, Editor. Alexandria, VA; Teachers of English t . Kathleen Bailey, Editor. Alexandria, VA; Teachers of English to o
Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL). Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL).
Graham,Carolyn. 2001. Graham,Carolyn. 2001. Jazz Chants Jazz Chants. New York, N.Y. Oxford University . New York, N.Y. Oxford University
Press. Press.
Meyers, Colleen and Holt. 1998. Aspen, CO. Aspen Productions, Meyers, Colleen and Holt. 1998. Aspen, CO. Aspen Productions, Success Success
with Presentations Videotape & Workbook with Presentations Videotape & Workbook: : A Course for Non A Course for Non- -Native Native
Speakers of English. Speakers of English.
Orion, Gertrude. 1997. Orion, Gertrude. 1997. Pronouncing American English Pronouncing American English. Boston, MA. . Boston, MA.
Heinle Heinle & & Heinle Heinle Publishers Publishers
Polensek Polensek, Helen, with Deborah Healey and Eve Chambers. 2001 , Helen, with Deborah Healey and Eve Chambers. 2001
ELI 138: English Pronunciation: ELI 138: English Pronunciation: Classnotes Classnotes Packet. Packet. Corvallis, OR. English Corvallis, OR. English
Language Institute. Language Institute.
Weinstein, Nina. 2002. Weinstein, Nina. 2002. Whaddaya Whaddaya Say 2 Say 2
nd nd
edition edition. Englewood Cliffs, New . Englewood Cliffs, New
Jersey. Prentice Hall, Inc. Jersey. Prentice Hall, Inc.
-------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------
Website Websites s
http://del.icio.us/Chambere66/pronunciation http://del.icio.us/Chambere66/pronunciation
http://turkey.usembassy.gov/teacher_development.ht http://turkey.usembassy.gov/teacher_development.ht
ml ml
26 26

Titanic script on separate

Titanic script on separate
page (do not look before
page (do not look before
viewing film)
viewing film)
Titanic script
Titanic script
-
-
Stressed forms
Stressed forms
FILL IN THE BLANKS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
J ack: J ack: Don Don t t do do it! it!
Rose: Rose: Stay back Stay back. . Don Don t t come come any any closer closer. .
J ack: J ack: Come on Come on. J ust . J ust _______ _______ your your hand hand. I . I ll ll pull pull
___ ___ back back over over. .
Rose: Rose: No No. . Stay Stay where you where you are are. I . I mean mean it. I it. I ll let ll let
go go. .
J ack: J ack: No, you No, you won won t. t.
Rose: Rose: __________ __________ mean mean, , No No, I , I won won t? t? Don Don t t
presume presume to to tel tel l me what I l me what I will will and will and will not not do. do.
You You don don t t know know me. me.
J ack: J ack: You You ________ ________ done done it already. it already.
Rose: Rose: You You re re distracting distracting me. me. Go away Go away. .
J ack: J ack: I I can can t. I t. I m minvolved involved now. now. You You let let go go and and
I I m m . I . I m________ _________ m________ _________jump jump in there in there
after after _____. _____.
Rose: Rose: Don Don t be t be absurd absurd. You . You ll be ll be killed killed. .

J ack: J ack: I I m a m a good swimmer good swimmer. .

Rose: Rose: The The fall alone fall alone would kill you. would kill you.
27 27
28 28
Titanic script
Titanic script
J ack: J ack: Don Don t do it! t do it!
Rose: Rose: Stay back. Don Stay back. Don t come any closer. t come any closer.
J ack: J ack: Come on. J ust give me your hand. I Come on. J ust give me your hand. I ll pull ll pull
you back over. you back over.
Rose: Rose: No. Stay where you are. I mean it. I No. Stay where you are. I mean it. I ll let ll let
go. go.
J ack: J ack: No, you won No, you won t. t.
Rose: Rose: What do you mean, What do you mean, No, I won No, I won t? t? Don Don t t
presume to tell me what I will and will not do. You presume to tell me what I will and will not do. You
don don t know me. t know me.
J ack: J ack: You would have done it already. You would have done it already.
Rose: Rose: You You re distracting me. Go away. re distracting me. Go away.
J ack: J ack: I can I can t. I t. I m involved now. You let go and m involved now. You let go and
I I m m . I . I m going to have to jump in there after you. m going to have to jump in there after you.
Rose: Rose: Don Don t be absurd. You t be absurd. You ll be killed. ll be killed.
J ack: J ack: I I m a good swimmer. m a good swimmer.
Rose: Rose: The fall alone would kill you. The fall alone would kill you.
29 29
Titanic script
Titanic script
-
-
Reduced forms
Reduced forms
J ack: J ack: Don Don t do it! t do it!
Rose: Rose: Stay back. Don Stay back. Don t come any closer. t come any closer.
J ack: J ack: Come on. J ust Come on. J ust gimme gimme your hand. I your hand. I ll pull ll pull
ya ya back over. back over.
Rose: Rose: No. Stay where you are. I mean it. I No. Stay where you are. I mean it. I ll let ll let
go. go.
J ack: J ack: No, you won No, you won t. t.
Rose: Rose: Whaddaya Whaddaya mean, mean, No, I won No, I won t? t? Don Don t t
presume to tell me what I will and will not do. You presume to tell me what I will and will not do. You
don don t know me. t know me.
J ack: J ack: You You woulda woulda done it already. done it already.
Rose: Rose: You You re distracting me. Go away. re distracting me. Go away.
J ack: J ack: I can I can t. I t. I m involved now. You let go and m involved now. You let go and
I I m m . I . I m mgonna gonna hafta hafta jump in there after jump in there after ya ya. .
Rose: Rose: Don Don t be absurd. You t be absurd. You ll be killed. ll be killed.
J ack: J ack: I I m a good swimmer. m a good swimmer.
Rose: Rose: The fall alone would kill you. The fall alone would kill you.
30 30
Titanic script
Titanic script
-
-
Stressed forms
Stressed forms
ANSWERS
ANSWERS
J ack: J ack: Don Don t t do do it! it!
Rose: Rose: Stay back Stay back. . Don Don t t come come any any closer closer. .
J ack: J ack: Come on Come on. J ust . J ust gi gi mme mme your your hand hand. I . I ll ll pull pull ya ya
back back over over. .
Rose: Rose: No No. . Stay Stay where you where you are are. I . I mean mean it. I it. I ll let ll let go go. .
J ack: J ack: No, you No, you won won t. t.
Rose: Rose: Whaddaya Whaddaya mean mean, , No No, I , I won won t? t? Don Don t presume t presume
to to tel tel l me what I l me what I will will and will and will not not do. do. You You don don t t know know
me. me.
J ack: J ack: You You woulda woulda done done it already. it already.
Rose: Rose: You You re re distracting distracting me. me. Go away Go away. .
J ack: J ack: I I can can t. I t. I m minvolved involved now. now. You You let let go go and I and I m m . .
I I m mgonna gonna hafta hafta jump jump in there in there after after ya ya. .
Rose: Rose: Don Don t be t be absurd absurd. You . You ll be ll be killed killed. .
J ack: J ack: I I m a m a good swimmer good swimmer. .
Rose: Rose: The The fall alone fall alone would kill you. would kill you.