Chapter 7 Homework Problems

ENGR 2010
Spring 2014
7.1) A 10 kg/s stream of super-heated steam at 240

C and a stream of saturated liquid water are combined

in a mixing heat exchanger and a stream of saturated vapor exits, with all three streams at p = 10 bar as
shown in Figure 1. It can be assumed that the heat exchanger is adiabatic, the changes in kinetic and
potential energy are negligible, and the environment is at T
0
= 25

C.
1
2
3
p
2
= 10 bar
x
2
= 0
p
3
= 10 bar
x
3
= 1
p
1
= 10 bar
T
1
= 240

C
m
1
= 10 kg/s T
0
= 25

C
p
0
= 1 bar
Figure 1: Mixing heat exchanger.
(a) What is the mass ow rate at 2 , m
2
?
(b) What is the mass ow rate at 3 , m
3
?
(c) How much entropy is generated during the process,

S
gen
?
(d) What is the change in ow exergy from 1 to 3 ?
(e) What is the change in ow exergy from 2 to 3 ?
(f) What is the exergetic eciency of the process?
7.2) A well insulated heat exchanger, shown in Figure 2, is used to heat 4.5 kg/s of water from 20

C to
70

C at a constant pressure. Heat is supplied by 10 kg/s of hot oil (c

p
= 2.3 kJ/(kg K)) that enters at
170

C. Oil pressure is also constant. No boiling occurs.

2
1
3
4
H
2
O
Oil
Oil
T
0
= 20

C
p
0
= 1 bar
Figure 2: Crossow heat exchanger
1
(a) What is the heat transfer rate to the water?
(b) What is the rate of entropy production,

S
gen
?
(c) Sketch and label a T-s diagram for both the oil and the water.
(d) What is the exergetic eciency of the heat exchanger?
7.3) The turbine shown in Figure 3 receives 10 kg/s of steam at a state of p
1
= 5 bar, T
1
= 400

C and
exhausts to a pressure of p
2
= 1.5 bar. The ambient temperature is T
0
= 30

C and the ambient pressure is

p
0
= 1 bar.
1
2
p
1
= 5 bar
T
1
= 400

C
p
2
= 1.5 bar

W
T
Figure 3: Turbine
(a) What is the rate of work of the turbine if the isentropic eciency is 75%?
(b) What is the rate of work of the turbine if the exergetic eciency is 75%?
(c) Sketch both processes on a T-s diagram.
7.4) The piston cylinder shown in Figure 4 is initially at a state of 60

C, 200 kPa. Heat is added to the

system from a 500

C reservoir until the nal pressure is 400 kPa. The mass of the air is 2 kg, the spring
constant is 1000 kN/m, and the cross sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m
2
. The piston moves 0.1 m before
contacting the linear spring.
Q
500

C Air
p
o
0.1 m
A
p
= 0.1 m
2
p
1
= 200 kPa
T
1
= 60

C
p
nal
= 400 K
m = 2 kg
T
0
= 20

C
p
0
= 1 bar
Figure 4: Spring restrained piston cylinder.
2
(a) What is the work done by the air in the cylinder?
(b) What is the heat transfer?
(c) What is S
gen
?
(d) Sketch and label a T-s diagram for the air.
(e) What is the change in exergy of the air?
(f) Fix the irreversibility for the same changes in state and analyze your x.
7.5) The chiller shown in Figure 5 is producing 45

F chilled water at 40 psia. The condenser is cooled

with 76

F cooling tower water. The refrigerant is R-134a. All components are adiabatic and the isentropic
eciency of the compressor is 70%.
Condenser
Evaporator
R-134a Comp.

W
c

c
= 70%
3
4
2
1
6 5
p
2
= p
3
p
3
= 140 psia
x
3
= 0.0
p
1
= 50 psia
x
1
= 1.0
T
6
= 45

F T
5
= 55

F
p
5
= p
6
= 40 psia

V
5
= 2, 400 gpm
7
T
7
= 76

V
7
= 3200 gpm
8
p
7
= p
8
= 40 psia
Expansion
Control
Water
Water
T
0
= 70

F
p
0
= 1 atm
Figure 5: Refrigeration cycle
(a) What is the mass ow rate of the working uid, m
R
?
(b) What is the cooling load,

Q
5-6
, in Btu/hr?
(c) What is the COP of the cycle?
(d) What is the work of the compressor,

W
c
, in Btu/hr?
(e) What is the exergetic eciency of the compressor?
(f) What is the total

S
gen
?
(g) Sketch and label a T-s diagram for the R-134a.
3
Steel
T
0
= 25

C
p
0
= 1 atm
Figure 6: Steel block in a water bath.
7.6) A 3 kg piece of steel is removed from an oven at 700

C and placed in the water bath shown in Figure 6.

The nal temperature of the water is 80

C and its initial temperature is 20

C.
(a) What is the mass of the water if the bath is adiabatic?
(b) What is the entropy generation of the process?
(c) Fix the irreversibility for the same changes in state and analyze your x.
(d) What is the exergetic eciency of the process?
7.7) Air enters a regenerator and a heater, shown in Figure 7, before passing through an adiabatic turbine.
The turbine eciency is 75%. The heater receives heat from a reservoir at 1000

F.
Heater
Regenerator
1000

Q
Air
10 atm
100

F
10,000 ft
3
/min
300

F 900

F
10 atm
Turbine

W
T
1 atm 1 atm
T
0
= 25

C
p
0
= 1 atm
Figure 7: Regenerator, heater, and turbine.
(a) What is the rate of work of the turbine?
(b) What is the rate of entropy generation of the process?
(c) Draw a T-s diagram for the air.
(d) What is the exergetic eciency of the turbine?
(e) Fix the irreversibilities for the same changes in state and analyze your x.
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