1

In Situ Testing
CPT
&
SPT
CPT Testing
2
CPT Testing
Three Measurements
q
C
= Cone-tip resistance
u
P
= Penetration pore pressure (piezocone)
f
S
=sleeve friction
Ratios
FR =friction ratio = f
S
/ q
C
B
q
=pore pressure ratio =
v T
h p
q
u u

SCPTu Sounding,
Memphis, Tennessee
Real-Time readings in computer screen
Penetration at 2 cm/s
Sand
Clay
Crust
3
q
T
Corrected cone-tip resistance
q
T
=q
c
+(1-a
n
)u
P
only for type 2 (type B) cones
a
n
=0.8 =fn(cone) net area ratio
CPT-parameters
(Sands)
See page 129 fig. 4.16
=17.6 +11 log Kulhawy& Mayne (1990)
=arctan[(0.1 +0.38 log )]
q
C1
=

) ( a vo
0.5
c
p
q

) ( a vo
0.5
c
p
q

vo
c
q

4
CPT-parameters
D
r
=relative density (sands)
D
r
=100

if unknown, use OCR =1

e =void ratio
e =1.152 0.233log(q
C1
) +0.043 log(OCR)

OCR 305
q
2 . 0
1 C
5 . 0
CPT - parameters
OCR (iterative)
K
o
=0.192 ( q
C
/ p
a
)
0.22
(
vo
/ p
a
)
-0.31
OCR
0.27
(1)
K
o
= [1 sin()] OCR
sin
(2)
p
a
=100 kPa
(1) Mayne, CPT95
(2) Mayne & Kulhawy, 1982
a) Find
b) Vary OCR until both K
o
values (for eq1 & 2) are similar
5
SPT Testing
SPT Testing
Procedure
1) Drill boring (hole)
2) Insert SPT sampler (hollow)
3) Drive sampler into the ground 18 & count N of blows
to drive each 6 interval
if N for 6 >50
if N for all 18 >100
Refusal
6
SPT Testing
4) N
SPT
=N for last two 6 intervals
5) Retrieve sampler & save soil
6) Drill to next depth & go to step 2
N
SPT
=fn (Method of drilling, how clean boring is,
hammer location, hammer type, hangover level of
technician..)
see p.117-118
SPT Testing
Efficiency corrections:
From N
SPT
to N
60

N60 =
E
m
=hammer efficiency =fn (hammer type ) Table 4.3
P.119
C
B
=borehole dia. correction - table 4.4
C
s
=sampler correction - table 4.4
C
R
=rod length correction - table 4.4
60 .
N C C C E
SPT R s b m
7
SPT Testing
More corrections:
N
SPT
as
!
, so
p
a
=100 kp
a
(N
1
)
60
2N
60
Nshave been correlated with everything !!
( )
z
a
60 60 1
p
N N

=
N
D
R
= relative density

T
= unit weight
LI = liquefaction index
' = friction angle
c' = cohesion intercept
e
o
= void ratio
q
a
= bearing capacity

p
' = preconsolidation
V
s
= shear wave
E' = Young's modulus
= dilatancy angle
q
b
= pile end bearing
f
s
= pile skin friction
SAND
c
u
= undrained strength

T
= unit weight
I
R
= rigidity index
' = friction angle
OCR = overconsolidation
K
0
= lateral stress state
e
o
= void ratio
V
s
= shear wave
E' = Young's modulus
C
c
= compression index
q
b
= pile end bearing
f
s
= pile skin friction
k = permeability
q
a
= bearing stress
CLAY
Is One Number Enough???