W RNO Analysis Mate V1 0

Developed By: Aumpika Viun (Ice)
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W-RNO AnalysisMate Ver1.0
0. UTRAN Network Architecture and Protocols
1.1 UMTS Network Architecture
1.2 UTRAN Protocols
1. RRC,RB and UE Measurement Procedures
1.1 Mapping of UE state to 3GPP Specifications
1.2 RRC Tasks and Functions
1.3 RRC Modes and State Transitions including GSM Tool Version
1.3 RRC Mode Description Ver1.0
1.4 RRC Connection Mobility Management and RRC Modes
1.5 RRC Procedures
1.6 RB Procedures
1.7 UE Measurement Procedures
2. Paging Messages
2.1 Paging Message Type 1
2.2 Paging Message Type 2 Tool Version
3. System Information Block (SIB)
4. Location Update Procedure & L3-messages
5. Call Procedure & L3-messages
5.1 AMR Voice (MOC)
5.1 AMR Voice (MTC)
5.2 CS64/ Video Call
5.3 PS-R99
5.4 PS-HSDPA
5.5 PS-HSUPA
6. HO Procedure & L3-messages (Intra-Freq HO)
MML Command
Convention
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Comments
6.1 Intra-Frequency Soft Handover within a NodeB(Softer-HO)
6.2 Intra-Frequency Soft Handover between NodeBs in an RNC
6.3 Intra-Frequency Soft Handover between RNCs
6.4 Intra-Frequency Hard Handover Between NodeBs in an RNC
6.5 Intra-Frequency Hard Handover Between RNCs
7.HO Procedure & L3-messages (Inter-Freq HO)
7.1 Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Between NodeBs in an RNC
7.2 Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Between RNCs
8. HO Procedure & L3-messages (Inter-RAT HO)
8.1 Inter-RAT CS Handover from WCDMA to GSM (Coveraged Based)
8.2 Inter-RAT CS Handover from GSM to WCDMA(Coveraged Based)
8.3 Inter-RAT PS Handover from WCDMA to GSM(Coveraged Based)
8.4 Inter-RAT PS Handover from GSM to WCDMA(Coveraged Based)
8.5 Inter-RAT CS&PS Handover from WCDMA to GSM (Intra-SGSN)
8.6 Inter-RAT CS&PS Handover from WCDMA to GSM (Inter-SGSN)
9.SRNS Relocation Procedure & L3-messages
9.1 Static Relocation(UE not-involved relocation)
9.2 Relocation with Cell/URA Update (UE not-involved relocation)
9.3 Relocation with Hard Handover (UE involved relocation)
Release Date Genex Probe Version
Genex Assistant
Version
RAN Version
25-Jun-09
V100R005C01B040
(V1.51 20090210 )
V100R005C01B040
(V1.52 20090210 )
10.0
Change Type Change Date
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Convention Description
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signalling procedure, signalling measages,parameter description, features algorithm etc.
Change History
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RNC Version
V200R010C01B061
Remark
All bold texts with highlighted in "Orange" are MML command
Description
All texts with an Underline has a hyperlink function which link to other related information e.g.
signalling procedure, signalling measages,parameter description, features algorithm etc.
Click here to return to root topic
Give an acutal value includes the conversion schemes
Extra comments for some topics
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The UMTS PLMN is logically divided into a Core Network (CN), a Radio Access Network (RAN) and the User Equipment UE.
The Core Network(CN) consists of an enhanced GSM Phase2+ with a Circuit Switched CS and Packet Switched PS (i.e. GPRS) domain
The most important network elements of these GSM Phase 2+ CN are:
- Mobile Service Switching Center(MSC)
- Gateway Mobile Service Switching Center (GMSC)
- Visitor Location Register (VLR)
- Home Location Register (HLR)
- Authentication Center (AuC)
- Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
- Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
- Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
The RAN of UMTS is the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) consists of,
- Radio Network Controller (RNC), which is controlling a Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
- Node B, which is the physical entity to serve on or several cells
The User Equipment(UE) consists of,
- Mobile Equipment (ME), The Mobile Equipment represents the partner of the NodeB and of the RNC. It is responsible for serving the radio interface. Some of the tasks of the Mobile Equipment ares CDMA coding and
encoding,Modulation and demodulation on the carrier,Power control,Quality and field strenght measurements,Ciphering and authorization,Mobility management and equipment identification.
- UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), The USIM functions to save data and procedures in ther terminal equipment. It supports call handling,contains security parameters,user-specific data e.g. telephone directory
entries, etc. The installed USIM is made available to the customer by the network operator and can be updated e.g. via SMS or cell broadcasting.
Examples of USIM data and procedures,
1.Data: International Mobile Subscriber Identity,Packet Switched Location Information,Security Information for authentication and chiphering for circuit and packet switched applications,PLMN selector and HPLMN search
period,Call meters,Display Languages,Telephone directory,Forbidden PLMNs,Emergency Call Codes etc.
2.Procedures: Application related procedures,Security related procedures,Subscription related procedures etc.
With UTRAN, four new interfaces were specified:
- Iu, Iu connects UTRAN with the CN. A distinguishing is drawn between the Iu connection to the ps domain, which is labelled Iu-PS, and to the cs domain, which is called Iu-CS. In both cases, ATM is used as transmission
network solution. Please note, that there are differences in the protocol stacks on the Iu-CS and Iu-PS interfac e.
- Iub, this interface is used between the Node B and its controlling RNC.
- Iur, this is an inter-RNS interface, connecting two neighbouring RNC. It is used among others in soft handover situations, where a UEs active cells are under the control of more than one RNC. One RNC is responsible for
the UE; it is called S-RNC. The remaining RNCs are called D-RNC.
- Uu, Uu is the acronym for the WCDMA radio interface.
On the interfaces Iu, Iur, and Iub, ATM is used for the transport of user data and higher layer signalling information.
UMTS Network Architecture (Rel'99)
Radio Network Controller(RNC) Functionality
The RNC has many different tasks in the UTRAN. It is responsible for e.g. Radio Resource Management (RRM) and the control of itself and the connected NodeB (O&M functionality). It is connected to the CN , CS domain via Iu(CS) interface
and to the PS domain via Iu(PS) interface. Signalling and data transfer to other RNCs are possible via Iur interface and to the connected Node Bs via Iub interface.
The following are examples of RNC functions:
- Power Control
- Handover
- Ciphering/Deciphering
- Protocol conversion
- Admission Control/Load Control
- Macro Diversity
- Geographical Coordinates
Logically,the RNC can be divided into different types, according to its current functionality as follows,
1. Controlling RNC (C-RNC) : Every cell has only one C-RNC. The C-RNC of a cell is exactly the RNC that is connected with the NodeB serving the cell. The tasks of the C-RNC covers the following areas:
- Admission Control based on UL interference and DL transmission power level
- System Information Broadcasting
- allocation/de-allocation of radio bearers
- data transmission and reception
- Congestion control in its own cell
- Power control
- Resource allocation and admission control for new radio links to be established in those cells
Summary: The C-RNC is the RNC controlling a Node B ( i.e. terminating the Iub interface towards the NodeB).This means the C-RNC of a cell is responsible for all lower layer funcions related to the radio technology
2. Serving RNC (S-RNC) :
An UE that is attached to an UTRAN is served by only one RNC. This RNC is called the serving RNC (S-RNC).The existence of a serving RNC does not imply that the UE is camped on a cell belonging to the S-RNC.The serving RNC handles all
higher layer functions related to radio access and information transport through UTRAN. The S-RNC performs the following functions:
- the S-RNC handles the Iu interface towards the CN for this UE
- the S-RNC handles the completed Radio Resoruce Control (RRC) for this UE
- Location/Mobility handling
- Ciphering
- Backward Error Correction (BEC, layer 2 functionality)
- Radio bearer control
- Handover decision
- Power Control
The S-RNC is responsible for the handling of all decisions for the connection with the UE e.g. for the allocation/modification or release of radio resources,for Outer Loop Power Control and for Handover decisions/initiation.
In the case of Soft Handover,S-RNC performs data splitting toward the different NodeBs and combining toward the CN. It decides to add or remove cells in the Soft Handover. The S-RNC is in most cases (but not always)
the C-RNC of some NodeBs used for the connection toward an UE. The S-RNC is no anchor functionality. It can be re-allocated to another RNC with the S-RNS reallocation procedure.
Summary: The S-RNC for one UE is the RNC that terminates both Iu link for transport of user data and corresponding RANAP signalling to/from the core network per UE. The S-RNC terminates the RRC signalling
(signalling protocol between UE and UTRAN)
3. Drift RNC (D-RNC): In UMTS it is possible that one UE is connected to more than one cell, or connected to a cell, that does not belong to the S-RNC. This means the UE is connected with a cell controlled by a RNC different
to the S-RNC.This foreign RNC is called drift RNC ,D-RNC. In principle the D-RNC is the C-RNC of a cell the UE is connected to, but its not the S-RNC.Therefore D-RNC performs the C-RNC functions for the cells not
controlled by S-RNC.
When a D-RNC is involved for a UE, then the data streams between UE-UTRAN and UE-CN always pass the S-RNC. In the downlink the S-RNC sends the data to own cells and to the D-RNC(soft HO),this is called splitting.
The UE receives all the data streams from the cells,it is connected to and adds them together (RAKE Receiver, Maximum Ratio Combining). In the Uplink,the S-RNC receives data from the own cells and from the D-RNC ,
the S-RNC takes only the data frame with the smallest bit error rate, all other data frames will be discarded (Selective combining). The usage of a D-RNC requires a Iur interface between D-RNC and S-RNC.
Because the implementation of Iur interface is optional,i's matter of network planning, whether the usage of D-RNCs is allowed or not.
Summary: D-RNC is any RNC, other than SRNC that controls cells used by the UE. The D-RNC performs macro-diversity combining and splitting,if necessary. The D-RNC does not perform user plane data L2 processing
,but routes the data transparently between the Iub and Iur interfaces.The UE can be connected to 0 ,one or more DRNCs. ( Macro Diversity is an operation state in which a UE simultaneously has radio links with two or
more UTRAN access points.
Node B Functionality
A nodeB is a physical unit for implementing a UMTS radio transmission. Depending on the sectoring of the cells ,one (omni) cell or multiple (sector) cells can be
serviced by a Node B. Generally,up to six cells are serviced by a Node B in UMTS.
A Node B can be used for Frequency Division Duplex (Uplink and Downlink separated by different frequency bands),Time division Duplex (Uplink and Downlink
in different timeslots) or dual mode operation. A Node B converts user and signalling information received from the RNC for transport via the radio interface,and in
the opposite direction. Node Bs are involved in power control,NodeB measures the signal to noise ratio (SIR) of the User Equipment ,compares the value with a
predefined one and instructs the UE to control its transmission power. The NodeB also measures the quality and strength of the links and determines the Frame
Error Rate (FER). The following are examples of NodeB functions:
- Radio Channel functions: Transport to physical channel mappings. Encoding/Decoding Spreading/De-spreading user traffic and signalling.
- Air Interface management. Controlling Uplink and Downlink radio paths on the Uu Air Interface,Baseband to RF conversion,Antenna multi-coupling,
Intra NodeB SofterHO,Power Control,Quality and signal strength measurements
- O&M Processing,Interfacing with M2000 and RNC for alarm and control (Operations and Maintenance) functions.
- Cellular Transmission management. Managing ATM switching and multiplexing over the Iub interface. Control of AAL2/AAL5 connections. Control
of the physical transmission interfaces E1, PDH, SDH or microwave.
1.International UMTS/GSM Service Area
International UMTS/GSM Service Area, i.e. the world-wide area where access to GSM and UMTS network is possible,is sub-divided into National Service Areas.
2.National Service Area
National Service Area is the area of on country or region. It is identified by the Mobile Country Code (MCC) and Country Code (CC). The National Service Area is sub-divided into one or more PLMN Service Areas.
3. PLMN Service Area
PLMN Service Area is the service area of a single PLMN. It identified by the Mobile Country Code(MCC) and Country Code (CC). The National Service Area is sub-divided into one or more MSC and SGSN Service Areas.
4. MSC/SGSN Service Area
An MSC or SGSN Service Area is the area, which is served by a single MSC (CS-domain) or by a single SGSN (PS-domain). MSC and SGSN Service Area may differ, but they are on the same hierachical level. The MSCs and
SGSNs have their own identifiers/addresses for singalling and user data transfer.
5. Location Area (LA)
A Location Area (LA) is the most precise UE location information,which is stored in the CS-domain (in the VLR) of UMTS. A Location Area is world-wide uniquely identified by its Location Area Identity LAI
6. Routing Area (RA)
The SGSN Service Area is sub-divided into one or more Routing Areas. A Routing Area (RA) is a subset of a Location Area i.e. one LA may contain one or more RAs. The RA is the most precise UE information, which is
stored in the PS-domain (in the SGSN) of UMTS. It is world-wide uniquely identified by the Routing Area Identity. The RA is sub-divided into the Cell-Areas.
7. Cell Area
The Cell is the area, where the UE is located. It is the most precise information which might be stored in the PLMN (in the RNC). The cell is world-wide uniquely identified by the Cell Global Identity (CGI)
Geographical and UTRAN Entity Identifiers
- Ciphering
- Handover decision
- Power Control
7. Cell Area
It is also essential to address different physical,geographical or logical entities within UMTS. The geographical and physical entities of UTRAN are described as follow,
1. PLMN Id = MCC +MNC
The PLMN-ID is used to address a PLMN in a world-wide unique manner. As in GSM the PLMN-ID consist of a MCC(mobile country code) and a MNC(mobile network code). MCC and MNC are allocated by ITU-T and are specified within ITU-T
E212.
2. CN-Domain Id:
CS- and PS core network introduce their own regional area concept. This is the concept of Location Area for CS and the concept of Routing Area for PS.
LAI= PLMN-ID + LAC (Location Area Identity Code)
RAI= PLMN-ID + LAC +RAC ( Rotuing Area Identity Code)
3. Cell Global Identity (CGI)
The Cell Global Identity (CGI) is composed by the CGI=LAI+CellID.
4. RNC Id:
Every RNC node has to be uniquely identified within UTRAN. Therefore every RNC gets a RNC-ID. Together with the PLMN-ID the RNC-ID is unique world wide. The RNC-ID will be used to address a RNC via Iu,Iur and Iub
interface. The RNC identifier is allocated by O&M.
Global RNC-ID= PLMN-ID + RNC-ID
5. Cell Id and UTRAN Cell Id:
The cell-ID is used to address a cell within a RNS. The cell-ID is set by O&M in the C-RNC. Together with the RNC-ID the Cell-ID forms the UTRAN cell ID
UTRAN Cell-ID= RNC-ID + Cell-ID
6. Local Cell Identifier
The local cell identifier is used in the Node B to identify resources. There is a unique relation UTRAN Cell-ID to local cell identifier
7. Service Area Id:
Serveral cells of one location area can be defined to form a service area. Such a service area is identified with a SAI(service area id):
SAI= PLMN-ID+LAC+SAC
8. URA ID:
The UTRAN introduces its own area concept next to LA and RA. This is the UTRAN Registration Area (URA)
UTRAN Identifiers for UE
UTRAN Protocols
The UE and the Subscriber can have several identifiers for the PLMN. Typically we can distinguish two types of identifiers according to the point of generation of the identifier:
1. Core Network Identities or NAS (Non Access Stratum) Identifiers: These identifiers are allocated by the core network. In detail there are IMSI,TMSI and P-TMSI (and IMEI)
2. UTRAN identifiers : UTRAN identifiers are always temporary (Radio Network Temporary Identifiers ,RNTIs). This means they are allocated to the UE for the time of the need. After the last procedure the identifiers are released.
- International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
The IMSI is the quasi-permanent subscriber identity in GSM/UMTS. The IMSI is composed by the Mobile Country Code,MCC (3 digits) + Mobile Network Code,MNC (2-3 digits)+Mobile Subscriber Identification Number,MSIN. The total length of
the IMSI is less than 15 digits
- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)
The TMSI is used as temporary user identity instead of the IMSI to support subscriber identity confidentiality. This TMSI is allocated to an UE by VLR and stored in the U-SIM. It has only local significance i.e. within the area controlled by a VLR.
The TMSI consists of 4 bytes, which are operator-dependent.
- Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P-TMSI)
The P-TMSI is used as temporary packet user identity. It is allocated to an UE b y an SGSN and stored in the U-SIM. The P-TMSI consists of 3 bytes,which are operator-dependent.
- International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
The IMEI is used as Mobile Equipment Identity. The IMEI can be checked at the start of a connection by the EIR. The IMEI(15 digits) consists of a Type Approval Code TAC (6 digits),the Final Assembly Code FAC(2 digits)which
identifiers the place of manufacture or final assemblym,the Serial Number (6 digits) and a Spare digit.
- Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTI)
The RNTIs are temporary UE identifier within UTRAN and between UE and UTRAN. They are generated by the RNCs. Fours RNTI types exists:
1. Serving RNC RNTI (S-RNTI) : The S-RNTI is allocated by the S-RNC,after every S-RNC Reallocation it has to be reallocation,too.The S-RNTI is used by the S-RNC to address the UE, by the D-RNC to identify the UE to the
S-RNC and by the UE to identify itself ot the S-RNC
2. UTRAN RNTI (U-RNTI): The U-RNTI is composed by the S-RNTI and the S-RNC-id. It is used as UE Id for the first cell access (at cell change) at existing RRC connection and for UTRAN originating Paging including
associated response messages.
3. Cell RNTI (C-RNTI): The C-RNTI is allocated by the C-RNC,when the UE accesses a new cell. It is used as an in-band UE identifier in all DCCH/DTCH common channel messages on Uu despite the first access
(see U-RNTI)
4. Drift RNC RNTI (D-RNTI): The D-RNTI is allocated by the D-RNC. It is used by the S-RNC to identify the UE to the D-RNC. It is never used on Uu.
The communication between the different domains can be divided according to their functions. The UTRAN has the functions to provide access links
between UE and UTRAN and transport of signalling messages and user data between UE and CN. Therefore we can distiguish three types of
signalling between UE,UTRAN and CN as follows,
1. Access Stratum(AS) : The Access Stratum covers all signalling exchange used to control the access of an UE to the network. Access Stratum
messages occur between UE and UTRAN and between UTRAN and CN. The difference between the access stratum UE-
UTRAN and UTRAN-CN is ,that the UTRAN-CN access stratum shall be independent of the radio technology used in UTRAN. This
enables the CN to support several different radio access technologies.
2. Transport Stratum: The Transport Stratum protocols and messages have the task to transport higher layer PDUs (Protocol Data Unit)
and user data. Because UTRAN has the task to transparently transport data between UE and CN,there will be transport stratum
messages between UE and UTRAN and between UTRAN and CN.
3. Non-Access Stratum (NAS) : The Non-Access-Stratum covers all messages of higher layers and user data, that do not deal with
access or transport tasks.This cover pure application control (application stratum), service request and control (serving stratum)
,handling of subscription data and subscriber specific services (home stratum).
UTRAN Protocol Architecture
The UMTS network is split into the CN,UTRAN and the UE. CN and UTRAN are connected via Iu interface,UTRAN and the UE via Uu(radio) interface. User data
(radio access bearer services) and control information (including requesting the service,controlling different transmission resources,handover etc) are exchanged
between the CN and the UEs using the Radio protocols and the Iu protocols of the Access Stratum (AS).
The higher layer protocols of the Non-Access Stratum(NAS) handle control aspects e.g. (GPRS)Mobility Management (G)MM,Connection Management (CM) or
Session Manangement (SM) tasks. The NAS procedures (of Rel. '99) are in most cases unchanged compared to the GSM Phase 2+
procedures. The radio and Iu protocols contain mechanism for transparent NAS message transfer. So-called Direct Transfer (DT) procedures are
used in the Iu and radio protocols for these these transparent NAS message transfer.
UTRAN Interface Protocol Structure
The protocol structures of the UTRAN interfaces are designed in horizontal layers and vertical planes. The general protocol model describes these layers and
planes as logically independent of each other. The modularity of this model allows changing parts of the protocol structure in the future,if neccessary,while other
parts remain intact.
The transport system used within UTRAN is ATM. There is difference between the usage of ATM and the use PCM lines in a GSM-BSS. ATM supports
different types of bearer service labelled AAL type 1,AAL type 2, AAL type 3/4 and AAL type 5. In UTRAN only AAL type 2 and AAL Type 5 are used. Bearers of AAL
type2 can be set up with explicit signalling. This means before a AAL type 2 virtual channel can be used,there might be signalling between the corresponding ATM
switches. This behavior results in a new protocol model, where protocols for user bearer set up and release occur.
Horizontal Layer:
The general protocol model consists of two main horizontal layers- the Radio Network Layer and Transport Network Layer. All UTRAN related issues
are visible in the Radio Network Layer only.The Transport Network Layer is used for UTRAN,offering transport technologies.It is without any UTRAN
specific requirements.
- Transport Network Layer : The Transport Network Layer consists of all protocols used for the transport network solution. This includes the physical
layer and its transport frame layer,also the bearer service protocols are included.
- Radio Network Layer : The Radio Network Layer contains all protocols,that are specific to the radio access and transport stratum. Also all other data
streams, to be transported through UTRAN, belong to this layer.
Vertical Plane:
There is also a vertical structure, the elements of this vertical structure are planes. A plane principle is protocol stack,more than one plane can coexist
next to eachother. The general protocol model consists of three vertical planes- the Control Plane,the User Plane and the Transport Network Control
Plane.
-User Plane: The user plane supports the data streams for user data. Therefore the data streams are packed into frame protocols. These frame
protocols will be transmitted via data bearers. In contrast to the signalling bearers of the control plane,the data bearer can require to be set up with
explicit signalling.
-Control Plane: The control plane consists of all application protocols that are used for radio network controlling. To transport the messages of an
application protocol,one or several signaling bearers,provided by the transport network are neccesary. The Control Plane is used for all control
signaling,which is UMTS-specific. It includes the Application Protocols (i.e. RANAP,RNSAP and NBAP) and the signaling bearer for transport the
Application Protocol messages.
-Transport Network Control Plane: The transport network control plane contains the ALCAP (Access Link Control Application Part). The ALCAP
protocols are used to set up and release the data bearers of the user plane. Also ALCAP messages require a signaling bearer for transmission. It is
not necessary to use the ALCAP for all data bearers. Expecially the transport network control plane is not necessary when pre-configured bearers only
are used. The Transport Network Control Plane is used for all control signaling within the Transport Layer. It contains no Radio Network Layer
information.
The Transport Network Control Plane acts as plane between the Control Plane and User Plane, it enables the Application Protocol in the Control Plane
to be total independent of the technology selected for data bearer in the User Plane.
Horizontal Layer
Vertical Layer
UMTS Protocol Stacks -> UE-UTRAN-CN for CS domain
UTRAN Interface Protocol Overview
The protocols can be divided into the following part according to the functions:
1. User Plane : User Plane protocol stacks for transport of the user information on the different interfaces.
- Iu Interface : IuCS for Voice and Data and IuPS for Data
- Iub Interface: Frame Protocols (DCH and CCH)
- Radio Interface Uu: User Data Streams and Application
2. Control Plane : Control can be subdivided into:
-Control Plane for interface signaling (used for NE configuration)
-Control Plane for radio signaling
3. Transport Plane : Between user plance and control plane exist the transport plane. The task of transport plane is the setup of a data bearer for the user plane
Horizontal Layer:
Vertical Plane:
Plane.
information.
UMTS transports the control signaling and the user data over the same transport network. So,there are some protocols supporting the user data transfer. In the lowest layers there are the same protocols as for the control plane. The following
protocols involved into the user data transport,
-PHY,MAC,RLC : The air interface transport system is built out of PHY,MAC and RLC as for the control plane. The same basic stack is used for the user plane.
-User data stream : The user data streams are generated by the applications using the CS core network services (switched channels). These data streams are directly input to the RLC
-ATM : The transport system for the Iu interface between UTRAN and CN is ATM
-AAL 2 : To provide a circuit switched like transport bearer on Iu, The AAL 2 protocol is used. This adaptation layer provides a bearer channel (virtual channel of AAL type 2) with certain QOS gurantees. Additonally the AAL 2 cirtual channel
includes time stamps in the transport frames. This allows synchronization and timing control between sender and receiver.
-Iu User Plane protocol (Iu UP) : The Iu user Plane protocl is on top of AAL2. This protocal can provide different stages of user data stream support.
Please note that AAL 5 is used for all control functions on the Iu-CS interface ( <> RANAP) and the Iub interface (<>NBAP). On the other hand, the real time AAL 2 is used for relaying UE- data and UE-signaling
messages (<> Iub-FP) between NodeB and RNC and for user data on Iu-CS interface between RNC and MSC.
The CS control plane is used for the exchange of control information which are related to CS services. In addition ,the CS control plane is used for controlling supplementary services and it can be used for the exchange of short messages. It
contains of following important protocol layer as follows;
-Physical Layer (PHY) : The physical layer (Layer1) on the air interface provides access to the WCDMA radio interface. Therefore it performs spreading,scrambling.modulation,channel conding,rate matching etc.
-Medium Access Control (MAC) : The MAC protocol belongs to Layer 2. The tasks of MAC are the control of random access and the multiplexing/de-multiplexing of different UEs onto shared radio resources.
-Radio Link Control (RLC) : As MAC also the RLC protocol is a Layer 2 protocol. RLC provides three reliabilty modes for every radio bearer. These modes are : Acknowledge (AM),Unacknowledge(UM) and Transparent (TM).
-Radio Resource Control (RRC) : The RRC protocol is the first protocol of Layer 3. The RRC protocol performs all higher layer tasks related to the access stratum on the air interface (e.g. radio bearer setup)
-NAS Protocols : On top of RRC there are the control protocols for the non-access stratum (NAS). For the CS service these are: MM (Mobility Management),CC (Call Control),SS(Supplementary Services) and SMS (Short
Message Service), if it is not provided by the Packet Switched Protocol Stack.
-Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) : RANAP is between UTRAN and CN. It performs all tasks related to transport stratum for control signaling and access stratum between UTRAN and CN. It is the
counterpart to RRC
-Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP): The SCCP has mainlu transport tasks. It is used to establish a singling connection for a UE. So the UE can then be identified by the signaling connection and not by an explicit
identifier.
-MTP 3B,SAAL,AAL5, ATM : These protocols belong to transport network (ATM). They provide a signaling bearer to transport SCCP and RANAP.
User Plane- CS
Control Plane - CS
UMTS Protocol Stacks -> UE-UTRAN-CN for PS domain
UTRAN Interface Protocol -Uu (UE-UTRAN)
For Packet Switched (PS) service,there are different procedures. So there is a need for special proctocols for PS services. In fact these special protocols are on the higher layers,so that the lower layer will prove to be the same as for the CS
services.
The Packet Switched control plane consists of:
- PHY,MAC,RLC,RRC : The transport and access stratum protocols on the air interface are the same for PS and CS. UMTS has been designed to support both types of services, so that there are no special protocols.
- ATM,AAL 5, SAAL,MTP 3B : Also the transport and access stratum on the Iu-PS interface is similar to the Iu interface towards the MSC.
- SCCP,RANAP : SCCP and RANAP are the same as for CS. The SCCP is mainlu used to setup a signaling conenction to the SGSN in the core network. RANAP handles all signaling transport and access related tasks.
- NAS protocols : The only special protocols for the packet switched service are the non-access stratum protocols. Because there are essential differences how to handle a packet switched service request, the PS core
network has its own mobility managment GMM ( GPRS Mobility Management). To set up a data session the SM (Session Management) protocol is used. The SMS is in fact the same as for CS.
In contrast to the control planes, that look very similar for PS and CS, the user plane has important differences.
The Packet Switched User Plane consists of:
- User data : The user data for PS services is usually dedicated to external packet data networks (e.g. internet). These external data network have their own special network protocols ( e.g. internet) . These external data
network have their own special network protocols (e.g .TCP/IP). When a UMTS user wants want to be connected with such an external network, the UE has to send packets of this special network protocol, for the UMTS
network this only data. But because of its special role, the network protocol of the external network is called Packet Data Protocol (PDP). It is the task of the UMTS network to provide a tunnel (PDP context) for transparent
transport of the PDP packets.
-Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) : This protocol performs header compression of the PDP packet header. This shall increase the efficiency of the air interface usage.
-RLC,MAC,PHY : The transport layers are the same as for control plane
-GPRS Tunneling Protocol User Plane (GTP-U): The PDP packets are transported in a GTP-U frame on Iu. GTP-U organizes addressing and identification of the originator and destination of the data between RNC and SGSN.
-UDP/IP : To route from RNC to SGSN the standard UDP/IP protocol stack is used. This is a connection less unreliable transport service. In principle only routing is performed with UDP/IP
-AAL5 /ATM : The UDP/IP datagrams (packets) are transmitted on ATM using the adaptaiton layer 5.
Control Plane - PS
Physical Layer (L1) Functions
Uu interface is the interface between User Equipment (UE) and UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and it is the most
important interface in the UMTS system.
The radio interface (Uu) is layered into three protocol layers:
-the physical layer (L1)
-the data link layer (L2)
-the network layer (L3).
The layer 1 supports all functions required for the transmission of bit streams on the physical medium. It is also in charge of measurements function
consisting in indicating to higher layers, for example, Frame Error Rate (FER), Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR),interference power, transmit power,
It is basically composed of a layer 1 management entity, a transport channel entity, and a
physical channel entity.
The layer 2 protocol is responsible for providing functions such as mapping, ciphering, retransmission and segmentation. It is made of four
sublayers: MAC (Medium Access Control), RLC (Radio Link Control), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) and BMC (Broadcast/Multicast
Control).
The layer 3 is split into 2 parts: the access stratum and the non access stratum. The access stratum part is made of RRC (Radio
Resource Control) entity and duplication avoidance entity. The non access stratum part is made of CC, MM parts.The RRC functions of
L3 are implemented by RNC, and the MM and CC functions of L3 are implemented by CN.
The protocol layers are located in the UE and the peer entities are in the node B or the RNC.
L1 Functions
The functions of L1 (physical layer) mainly includes:
A) Transport Channel Processing: The processing of the transport channels that come from the MAC layer has the following steps,that can be identified with the presented functional blocks:
1. CRC attachement (error detection) : Every transport block of a transport block set get its own CRC,used for error detection
2. Transport Block concatenation & code block segmentation : The transport blocks are concatenated after the CRC is appended. if the resulting data block is too long (e.g does not fit into one radio frame) a segmentation is performed
afterwards
3. Channel Coding : Channel coding can enhance symbol correlation to recover signals in the case of interference.UTRAN FDD and TDD offer four different channel coding schemes as FEC(Forward Error Correction). These
are : no coding,Convolutional coder 1:2,Convolutionalcoder 1:3,Turbo coder 1:3.
4. Rate matching (pucturing) : The physical layer can perform a puncturing of bits to reduce the data rate. the physical layer gets matching parameters from RRC layer
5. Radio Frame Equalization : If the data block after rate matching is too short for one radio frame,some padding bits are appended
6. Interleaving : Interleaving is used to damage symbol correlation and reduce the impact caused by fast fading and interference of the channel
7. TrCH Multiplexing : This function multiplexes several transport channels to one CCTrCH (Code Composite Transport Channels)
8. Physical Channel Segmentation : The CCTrCH are split to several physical channels,it there are any
9. DTX bit insertion : If no information is to be transmitted by the network, so called DTX (Discontinuous transmission) bits are inserted. This is only for downlink
10. Radio Frame segmentation : When a data block is too long for one radio frame(10ms), it is segmented to several radio frames
11. Physial Channel Mapping : The data has to be mapped to the slot format of a physical channel or to several physical channels if neccesary
Transport Format Combinations
When multiple transport channels are multiplexed to CCTrCH (Coded Composite Transport Channel) and transmitted in physical channels,there has to be an indication which transport formats are used for every transport
channel. Therefore the so called "Transport Format Combination Identifier (TFCI)" is used. In UE and NodeB the value of the TFCI can be translated into:
- the number of transport channels
- the transport format for every transport block of every transport channel in the combination
This allows the de-multiplexing of CCTrCHs. the TFCI values and the assignment of transport format combination is signaled by RRC during radio bearer establishment.
The definition of TFCIs runs in the following way.
1. During radio bearer setup or reconfiguration the transport channels to be multiplexed are defined
2. Now each transport channel has its transport format set. One transport format from each transport channel's transport format set build a "transport format comnination". Such a combination has to be chosen with
care,taking UE radio capabilities into account.
3. Several transport format combinations from a so called "transport format combination set" .Every transport format combination in the transport format combination set is uniquely identified with a transport format
combination identifier TFCI.
Transport Channel Processing for FDD Uplink
L2 Functions
L2 includes four sublayers, Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Broadcast/Multicast Control
(BMC) and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP).
I. MAC, The functions of MAC include:
1.Mapping between logical channels and transport channels
2.Selection of appropriate transport format for each transport channel
3.Priority handling between data flows of one UE
4.Priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling
5.Priority handling between data flows of several UEs on FACH
6.Identification of UEs on common transport channels
7.Multiplexing/demultiplexing of upper layer PDUs into/from transport blocks delivered to/from the physical layer on common
transport channels
8. Switching of the transport channel type for a radio berarer(controlled by RRC),means several transport channel types can
be assigned to one radio bearer
9.Traffic volume measurement
10.Ciphering/de-chipering for transparent mode RLC
11. Control of random access and CPCH access (e.g. priority classes)
L1 Functions
afterwards
B) Radio Tasks:
1. Provision for higher layers with measurements and indications (such as FER, SIR, interference power, and transmission power)
2. Macro-diversity distribution/combination and soft handover execution
3. Frequency and time (chip, bit, slot, frame) synchronization
4. Closed-loop power control
5. Power weighting and multiplexing of physical channels
6. Modulation,spreading,scrambling
7. Scrambling and modualtion
Physical Layer Procedures
The physical layer defines several procedures to control the radio interface on the lowest level. Most of these procedures are triggered and mastered by higher layers like MAC and RRC. The procedures can be devided into
the following categories:
1. Synchonization procedures : These types of procedures are used for cell search,radio frame/slot and chip synchronization to physical channels. In the TDD mode also timing advance procedures are used to synchronize
the UE to the cell timing.
2. Power Control Procedures : One of the most critical issues for CDMA systems is the near-far problem. The solution for this is a very fast power control mechanism,using a closed control loop ( UE<>NodeB<>UE)
3. Random Access Procedures : Like all known mobile radio access technologies also WCDMA has to use random access mechanism to establish a radio connection between an UE and the Network. BNut also for
shared resources between several UEs an access mechanism with collision risk is used.
4. Radio Measurment : For the mobility handling within the radio network the UE and the Node B have to perform measurements of radio signal quality (bit error rate) and radio signal strength (signal interference
ratio,interference power,signal power). These measurment are used as criteria for the cell reselection or handover procedures. For the measurments the UE physical layer has uses so called compressed mode mode radio
frames. In such radio frames some slots are not used for transmission/reception,rather the measuement are then performed.
L3 Functions
The RRC performs the functions listed below:
1.Broadcast of information related to the non-access stratum (NAS:Core Network)
2.Broadcast of information related to the access stratum (AS)
3.Establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE and UTRAN
4.Establishment, reconfiguration and release of Radio Bearers
5.Assignment, reconfiguration and release of radio resources for the RRC connection
6.RRC connection mobility functions
7.Route selection for the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) of upper layers
6.Control of requested QoS
7.UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting
8.Outer loop power control
9. Security Control
10. Paging
11. Initial cell selection and cell re-selection
12. Arbitration of radio resources on uplink DCH
13. RRC message integrity protection
14. CBS control
L2 Functions
transport channels
UTRAN Interface Protocol - Iur ( RNC-RNC)
UTRAN Interface Protocol - Iub ( RNC-NodeB)
The control plane of the Iub interface contains the following protocols:
-NBAP (NodeB Application Part) : The NBAP protocol is the application protocol of the Iub interface. It organizes all controlling tasks between RNC and NodeB
(e.g. code allocation,transceiver configuration).
-SAAL,AAL 5, ATM : These protocols constitute the signalling bearer for the NBAP messages.
The user plane of the Iub interface has to transfer the downlink and uplink data to and from the UE. Therefore different frames are defined in the same
way as on the Iur interface. The user plane consists of:
-Frame Protocols : The Frame Protocols encapsulate the UE data (UL&DL) on the Iub interface
-AAL 2 ,ATM : The frame protocol,that encapsulate the UE data,are transported over AAL 2 virtual channels of ATM. These AAL 2 virtual channels have to be set up
first
-AAL type 2 signaling protocol : The AAL type 2 SP provides the messages and functions to setup, release and modify AAL 2 virtual channels.
-STC, SAAL,AAL 5,ATM : The STC (Signaling Transport Converter),SAAL,AAL 5 and ATM provide the signaling bearer for AAL type 2 signaling protocol.
The physical layer is not standardized. it is up to the operator and verndor to choose an appropiate physical transmission system.
The following protocol model is applied to the UTRAN interfaces Iu, there are differences between Iu-CS toward the CS-core network domain and Iu-PS towards the
PS-core network domain.
1. Iu-CS protocol stack
The control plane for Iu-CS is formed out of the following protocols:
-RANAP ( Radio Access Network Application Part) : The RANAP protocol is responsible for all access and signaling transport related tasks. It is the application
protocol of the Iu-CS interface
-SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part) : The SCCP is used to setup signaling connection between RNC and MSC. There will be one and only one SCCP
connection UTRAN-MSC for every IE using CS service.
-MTP 3B,SAAL,AAL5,ATM : Theses protocols provide the signaling bearer for RANAP/SCCP messages
The user plane on Iu-CS has to support the transfer of real time CS data streams. Therefore the Iu-CS plane has the following protocols:
-Iu UP (User Plane) protocol : The Iu UP protocol is used to provide additional support functions for CS data streams on Iu. These functions can be : timing
control,data rate control,backward error conrrection.
-AAL2,ATM : For the data bearer to transport the data streams the AAL 2 virtual channels are used.
The transport network control plane is necessary ,because AAL2 virtual channels need to be setup and released. The protocol suite on the transport
network control plane consisting of:
- AAL type 2 signaling protocol : used to setup ,modify and release AAL 2 virtual channels.
- STC,MTP 3B,SAAL,AAL5,ATM : These protocols provide the signaling bearer for the AAL type 2 signalling protocol messages.
UTRAN Interface Protocol - Iu ( UTRAN-CN)
The control plane of the Iur interface contains the following protocols:
-RNSAP (Radio Network Subsystem Application Part) : The RNSAP protocol is responsible for the communication between S-RNC and D-RNC. This
covers resource allocation for a UE in a cell of the D-RNC,soft handover procedures and procedures to transfer the S-RNC functionality to a D-RNC
(SRNS relocation)
- SCCP (Signaling Connection Control Part) : The SCCP is used to set up a signaling connection between S-RNC and D-RNC for the UE. This means
the S-RNC sets up one SCCP signaling connection for every D-RNC and UE. The signaling connection will be used for fast identification of the UE in
signaling messages
-MTP 3B,SAAL,AAL5,ATM : These protocols form the signaling bearer used for the RNSAP protocol messages.
The user plane of the Iur interface has the tasks to transport uplink and downlink data for the UE connected to a D-RNC. This tasks requires the following
protocols
-Frame Protocols : The data to and from the UE will be encapsulated into frame. These frames are defined by so called frame protocols. These frame
protocols allow traffic management with in-band signaling
-AAL 2 ,ATM : The frame protocol packets are transmitted via Iub using AAL 2 virtual channels. So AAL 2 ,ATM form the data bearer on the Iub interface.
-STC,MTP3B, SAAL,AAL 5,ATM : These protocols provide the signaling bearer for the AAL type2 signaling protocol. The STC(Signaling Transport
Converter) provides functionality for congestion handling and load control. The protocol suite MTP3B,SAAL,AAL5 and ATM can be shared with the
signaling bearer of RNSAP of Control Plane
Iu-CS Protocol Stack
2. Iu-PS protocol stack
The Iu-PS interface is the interface between RNC and SGSN. The control plane of Iu-PS is similar to the Iu-CS plane. It consists of:
Iu-PS control plane
-RANAP : The application protocol for Iu-CS and Iu-PS
-SCCP : Provides signaling connection on Iu-PS. There will be one and only one SCCP connection between RNC and SGSN for every UE using PS
service. SCCP connections on Iu-PS and Iu-CS do not affect each other.
-MTP 3B,SAAL,AAL5,ATM : The signaling bearer for SCCP/RANAP
The user plane on Iu-PS is competely different to the user plane of Iu-CS. This is because the traffic to and from SGSN is PS, so routing layer are
necessary. The UTRAN provides the following protocols on the Iu-PS user plane:
-Iu UP protocol : As for Iu-CS the Iu UP protocol can provide additional support functions for the data stream.
-GTP-U (GPRS Tunneling Protocol-User Plane): GTP-U provides a frame for the user data to be transported. In a GTP-U frame a reference number for
the PDP context and sequence numbers for the data are contained.
-UDP/IP : The UDP/IP protocol suite is used as network layer between RNC and SGSN. The task of these protocols is to route from RNC to SGSN and
vice versa.
-AAL 5,ATM : The ATM adaptation layer of type 5 is used as bearer for the packets of IP/UDP/GTP-U.
The AAL 5 virtual channels do not need to be set up in a dynamic manner. Rather the operator is expected to pre-configure the AAL 5 bearer to be used
for the packet transfer. Therefore on Iu-PS there is no need for a transport network control plane. no bearer set up with explicit signalling is necessary.
UMTS system has different application parts depending on interface being used and each application part controls signaling information for the call setup between nodes. Basically these applications message structure is similar to the SS7
signaling format, consisting each message of mandatory fixed part,variable fixed part and optional part.
Between nodes, there are three application parts (NBAP,RANAP and RNSAP) to convert and transmit signaling for the control plane and one application part (ALCAP) to set up the transport bearer for the user plane.
1. RANAP (Radio Access Network Applciation Part) : This application part is the Iu interface signaling protocol that contains all the control information specified for the Radio Network Layer. The fucntions of RANAP are
implemented by various Elementatry Procedures (EP). Each RANAP function requires the execution of one or more EP.
The following RANAP functions are defined:
-Relocation & Handover Control : Handles the relocation of RNC for soft handover and hard handover
-RAB Management: Handles the RAB setup,modification characteristic of an existing RAB and clearing a connected RAB
-Iu Release Control : Connected signaling link and the U-Plane resources will be released.
-Paging : Sends paging messages from CN to an idle UE
-UE-CN signaling Transfer : Provides transparent transfer of UE-CN signaling messages that are not interpreted by UTRAN, such as broadcast information,direct transfer etc.
-Security Mode Control : Sets the ciphering on or off by encrypting signaling and user data connection in the radio interface
2. NBAP (NodeB Application Part): This application part is the Iub interface signaling protocol. It is divided into two procedures :
-Common NBAP : Defines the signaling sequence across the common signaling link. Common NBAP defines all the procedures for the logical operation and maintenance of the Node-B, such as configuration and fault
management
-Dedicated NBAP : Sequence related to a specific UE signaling in the NodeB. Upon radio link setup procedure,the NodeB assigns a traffic termination point to control UE signaling. All of the subsequent signaling related to
this mobile is exchanged by Dedicated NBAP function by the dedicated control channel.
The following NBAP functions are defined:
1.Cell Configuration Management ,this function gives the controlling RNC (CRNC) the possibility to manage the cell configuration information in a NodeB.
2.Common Transport Channel Management,this function gives the CRNC the possibility to manage the configuration of common transport channels in a NodeB.
3.System Information Management, this function gives the CRNC the ability to manage the scheduling of System Information to be broadcast in a cell.
4.Resource Event Management, this function gives the NodeB the ability to inform the CRNC about the status of NodeB resources.
5.Configuration Alignment ,this function gives the CRNC and the NodeB the possibility to verify and enforce that both nodes have the same information on the configuration of the radio resources.
6.Measurements on Common Resources,this function allows the NodeB to initiate measurements in the NodeB. The function also allows the NodeB to report the result of the measurements.
7.Radio Link Management, this function allows the CRNC to manage radio links using dedicated resources in a NodeB.
8.Radio Link Supervision ,this function allows the CRNC to report failures and restorations of a radio link.
9.Compressed Mode Control,this function allows the CRNC to control the usage of compressed mode in a NodeB.
10.Measurements on Dedicated Resources,this function allows the CRNC to initiate measurements in the NodeB. The function also allows the NodeB to report the result of the measurements.
11.DL Power Drifting Correction, this function allows the CRNC to adjust the DL power level of one or more radio links in order to avoid DL power drifting between radio links.
12.Reporting of General Error Situations, this function allows reporting of general error situations.
UMTS Protocol Stacks -> Application Part
Iu-PS Protocol Stack
3. RNSAP (Radio Network Subsystem Application Part) : This application part is the Iur interface signaling protocol that controls signaling transfer between two RNC (SRNC and DRNC) in order to support the inter RNC soft
handover. The RNSAP protocol has the following functions:
-Radio Link Management : Allows the SRNC to manage radio links using dedicated resoruces in a DRNC.
-Physical Channel Reconfiguration : DRNC reallocates the physical channel resources for a radio link
-Radio Link Supervision: Allows DRNC to report failures and restoration of a radio link
-DL Power Drifting Correction : Allows SRNC to adjust the DL power level of one or more radio links in order to avoid DL power drifting between radio links
-CCCH Signaling Transfer : Allows the SRNC and DRNC to pass information between UE and SRNC on a CCCH controlled by the DRNS
-Paging : Allows the SRNC to page a UE in a URA
-Relocation Execution: Allows the SRNC to finalize a relocation previously prepared via other interfaces.
4. ALCAP (Access Link Control Application Part) : This application part is the signaling protocol that provides the signaling capability to establish,release and maintain AAL2 connections by a series of ATM VCCs. In other
words, ALCAP setup transport bearer such as AAL2 path between different nodes interfaces (Iu,Iur,Iub) in the UTRAN. The transport bearer in the User Plane are setup first sending signals by the Application Protocol in the
Control Plane (NBAP,RANAP,RNSAP). And then,data bearer is setup by the ALCAP protocol.The use of the ALCAP is dependent on the type of bearer to be used. The signaling bearers are usually pre-configured. This means
there is no dynamical setup and release for signaling bearers.
Data bearers have to be setup and released with ALCAP, when they are not pre-configured. In this case the setup runs in the following manner:
The setup or release of a bearer is always controlled by an application protocol. But to avoid the restriction to a single transport system, the application protocols shall not be specific to a certain transport solution. Therefore
the application protocol can control the bearer via abstract parameters (QOS parameters) only. This principle is the same as for BICC (Bearer Independent Call Control). to trigger the set up of a bearer first the application
protocol starts a procedure to the destination node.
After the application protocol triggered the procedure,the ALCAP, that is specific to the bearer to be setup ,performs all necessary procedures to configure the bearer. When the application part receives the notification of a
successful bearer setup, the application protocol procedure can be finished, and the application can be informed to start the data stream transmission.
management
- Power Control
- Handover
- Macro Diversity
- Power control
- Ciphering
- Handover decision
- Power Control
7. Cell Area
- Ciphering
- Handover decision
- Power Control
7. Cell Area
E212.
2. CN-Domain Id:
4. RNC Id:
7. Service Area Id:
8. URA ID:
UTRAN Protocols
(see U-RNTI)
Horizontal Layer:
Vertical Plane:
Plane.
information.
Horizontal Layer:
Vertical Plane:
Plane.
information.
Control Plane
counterpart to RRC
identifier.
services.
User Plane -PS
Control).
L1 Functions
afterwards
L2 Functions
transport channels
II. RLC, The functions of RLC include:
1. Segmentation, reassembly, concatenation, padding and transfer of user data
2. Flow control Error correction, in-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs and duplicate detection
3. Sequence numbers check
4. Protocol error detection and recovery
5. Ciphering
6. Suspend/resume function
III. PDCP, The functions of PDCP include:
1.Header compression and decompression of IP data streams at the transmit and receive entities respectively
2.Transfer of packet oriented user data using RLC transparent,unackowledge or acknowledged mode
3.Forwarding of PDCP-SDUs from NAS to RLC, and multiplexing of different RBs to the same RLC entity
IV. BMC ,The functions of BMC include:
1.Storage of cell broadcast messages
2.Traffic volume monitoring and radio resource request for CBS
3.Scheduling of BMC messages
4.Transmission of BMC messages to UE
5. Delivery of cell broadcast messages to upper layer (NAS)
L1 Functions
afterwards
B) Radio Tasks:
L3 Functions
9. Security Control
10. Paging
14. CBS control
L2 Functions
transport channels
5. Ciphering
first
(SRNS relocation)
signaling messages
protocols
Iu-PS control plane
vice versa.
management
RANAP
NBAP
management
- Power Control
- Handover
- Macro Diversity
- Power control
- Ciphering
- Handover decision
- Power Control
7. Cell Area
- Ciphering
- Handover decision
- Power Control
7. Cell Area
E212.
2. CN-Domain Id:
4. RNC Id:
7. Service Area Id:
8. URA ID:
UTRAN Protocols
(see U-RNTI)
Horizontal Layer:
Vertical Plane:
Plane.
information.
Horizontal Layer:
Vertical Plane:
Plane.
information.
counterpart to RRC
identifier.
services.
Control).
L1 Functions
afterwards
5. Ciphering
L1 Functions
afterwards
B) Radio Tasks:
L3 Functions
9. Security Control
10. Paging
14. CBS control
5. Ciphering
first
(SRNS relocation)
signaling messages
protocols
Iu-PS control plane
vice versa.
management
management
Mapping of UE state to 3GPP Specifications
After UE switch on, there are two basic operational modes of a UE, idle mode and connected mode.The connected mode can be
further divided into 4 service states,which dene what kind of physical channels a UE is using. The mapping of UE state to 3GPP
speciafication is shown below:
RRC Tasks and Functions
The RRC protocol is the application part for the UMTS radio access technology. This means all controlling radio tasks are in the responsibility of RRC. The RRC has following functions:
-broadcasting of system information for NAS stratum
-establishment,maintenance and release of RRC signaling between UE and UTRAN connections
-establishment,reconfiguration and release of radio bearers
-RRC connection mobility functions
-Quality of Service (QOS) control
-UE measurement reports
-outer loop power control
-security control
-paging
-Initial cell selection and reselection
-transport of NAS stratum control messages
With all these tasks the RRC protocol belongs to the access stratum when the radio oriented control tasks are performed and it belongs to the transport stratum,because it carriers the
higher layer control plane protocol messages.
UE Switch on
UE Idle
3GPP TS 25.304
UE Connected
3GPP TS 25.331
GSM
Connected
GSM TS 04.18
GSM Packet
Transfer
GSM TS 04.50
GSM Idle
GSM TS 05.08
UE Idle
3GPP TS 25.304
3GPP TS 25.331
Cell_DCH
3GPP TS 25.331
Cell_PCH
3GPP TS 25.304
3GPP TS 25.331
Cell_FACH
3GPP TS 25.304
3GPP TS 25.331
URA_PCH
3GPP TS 25.304
3GPP TS 25.331
RRC Modes and State Transitions including GSM
The RRC protocol is an application part (Radio Resource Management) and transport protocol (NAS message transport). Therefore the RRC protocol requires state definition with transitions between
states.
The RRC state definiton describes the RRC protocol behavior as a nested set of stated. Two main states are defined:
1. UTRA Idle Mode : In UTRA idle mode, the UE has no signaling relationship with the UTRAN. In this case the idle mode procedures have to be applied. This means as soon as the
UE is switched on, it searches for PLMNs and cells and listen to the broadcasted system information of selected cells
2. UTRA RRC Connected Mode : In the connected mode the UE has a signaling connection with the UTRAN. The setup of this signaling conenction is done by a RRC procedure (RRC
connection set up). This procedure is the transistion from idle to connected mode. When the RRC connection is released, the connected mode is left and the idle more is entered.
For multi-mode mobile phones (e.g. UMTS,GSM/GPRS) the RRC states can be combined with the radio resource management states of GSM/GPRS. In GSM/GPRS the states of a mobile
phone can be:
1. Idle Mode : The idle mode of GSM/GPRS has the same meaning as the idle mode of UMTS. The only difference is, that the UE is camped on a GSM/GPRS cell
2. GSM conected mode : In GSM the RR (Radio Resource Layer) performs the radio management. This protocol can setup a RR connection between network and mobile equipment.
When such a connection exist,the UE is in GSM connected mode. A GSM-DCCH is allocated for the UE in this case.
3. GPRS packet transfer mode : In GPRS the radio resources are allocated for a mobile temporary only. Such a temporary resource is called a temporary block flow (TBF). When a
mobile is granted a temporary block flow ,the mobile is in GPRS packet transfer mode (GPRS-RLC state)
With a multi-mode UE it shall be possible to perform in-service-transitions between the different Radio Access Technology (RAT).Therefore it is possible to make a inter-system
handover from UTRA connected mode to GSM connected mode and vice versa. A transistion from UTRA connected mode to GPRS packet transfer mode is simply done by stoppint the
packet transfer in UMTS, making a cell reselection to a GPRS cell and getting a GPRS temporary block flow.
Usage of Radio Bearer by the RRC protocol
The RRC protocol uses the radio bearer service provided by the layer 1 and layer 2 of the UMTS radio interface. The radio bearers in an UE will be numbered from 0 to 31.
The radio bearers 0,1,2,3,4 are pre-assigned for exclusive RRC usage. The following is speified:
-RB0 : The radio bearer 0 shall be used for all CCCHs. The CCH in the uplink is mapped to the RACH with RLC transparent mode, the downlink CCCH is mapped to the
FACH with RLC unacknowledged mode.
-RB1 : The radio bearer 1 is for all DCCH messages with RLC unacknowledged mode
-RB2 : The radio bearer 2 is used for all DCCH messages in RLC acknowledged mode, but not for RRC messages that transport NAS messages inside.
-RB3 and optional RB4 : These two radio bearers shall be used for RRC messages carrying NAS messages on DCCH in RLC acknowledged mode.
The radio bearers 5,...,31 can be used with explicit radio bearer set up for all purposes, e.g. traffic channels or control channels.
For RRC messages the protocol specified which RLC mode and with this which radio bearer can be chosen for transport of this message.
Release RRC
Connection
Release RRC
Connection
Establish RRC
Connection
Establish RRC
Connection
Cell
Reselection
Release
of a TBF
URA_PCH
CELL_DCH CELL_FACH
CELL_PCH
UTRA RRC Connected Mode
Idle Mode
(UE camps on UTRAN cell)
GSM
UTRA: Inter-RAT Handover
(MS in GPRS Packet Idle Mode)
(MS camps on a GSM/GPRS cell)
GPRS Packet
Transfer
RRC Idle Mode
RRC Connected Mode
The RRC connected Mode can be further decomposed into four different states. These four sub-states describe, on which level the UE is known by UTRAN and which resources are allocated by the
UE. UTRAN can know any UE either on cell level (cell state) or on URA level (URA state). On the other hand any UE can have a DCH or a FACH or no transport channel for control message
exchange. Therefore the four connected states are introduced:
When a UE is switched on, it enters the RRC idle mode. In the RRC idle mode, there is no connection on the access stratum level between the UE and UTRAN. UTRAN has no information about UEs
in the RRC idle mode. If UTRAN wants to address the UE, it must use non-access stratum identifiers, such as IMSI or TMSI and LAI.
In the RRC idle mode, the UE monitors the BCCH, and when it is registered to the CN, it also listens to paging occasions on its PICH.
The transition from the RRC idle mode to the RRC connected mode can only be initiated by the UE by sending the "RRC Connection Request" message to UTRAN. If common transport channels
used to exchange messages and data between the UE and UTRAN, the UE is identified by a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI). As can be seen in the
figure above, the UE can be in one of four sub-states, when it is in the RRC connected mode. The sub-states depend on the connectivity level between the UE and UTRAN. The set of usable transport
channels depend also on the sub-states. For instance, the DCHs are not available in the sub-states CELL_PCH and CELL_URA. The UE leaves the RRC idle
mode when sending the RRC Connection Request message to UTRAN. When UTRAN accepts the UEs request, the UE enters either the sub-state CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH.
RRC Mode Description
CELL_DCH
In this sub-state, dedicated physical channels are allocated to the UE. DCCH and if configured DTCH information can be transmitted. There no need to identify the UE on a dedicated channel,
because the physical channels are exclusively allocated to this UE. UTRAN knows the active set cells for the radio links and thus the location of the the UE. Also downlink shared channels can be
allocated to the UE. In this state, the UE is capable to receive RRC messages on the DCCH (and BCCH, if it owns specific capabilities). The cell system information is broadcasted on the FACH. The
UE reads the cell system information and acts accordingly. For instance, it determines the measurement quality and the reporting events from the cell system information. This state can only be
entered from Cell_FACH by setting up a DCH. When the last DCH is released the UE enters Cell_FACH,Cell_PCH,URA_PCH or idle mode
In the CELL_DCH state the UE shall perform the following actions:
if DCCH and DTCH are available:
- read system information broadcast on FACH (applicable only to UEs with certain capabilities and camping on FDD cells);
- perform measurements process according to measurement control information
CELL_FACH
This state was introduced for traffic situations, where only small amounts of data have to be transmitted. This is the case when only higher layer signalling information (NAS signalling) or small amount
of user data (e.g. SMS messages) have to be transmitted. In this case, an exclusive allocation of one physical channel to the UE would result in a waste of resources. Only common transport channel
FACH can be used by the UE to transmit higher layer data, which it has to share with other UEs. Each UE must be explicitly addressed, for instance by the RNTI. It has to monitor the FACH
permanently in the downlink, not to miss user data for it. The UEs FACH is mapped on one S-CCPCH.
In the uplink, it uses the shared transport channels for user data transfer, such as the RACH. The UE is only connected to one cell, and this is the location information, known within UTRAN. No soft
handover takes place in this sub-state. The UE is responsible for cell re-selection. By listening to the cell system information from the BCCH, it gains all relevant measurement qualities, threshold
values, neighbourhood lists to perform the cell re-selection process. Other relevant information is also learned from the BCCH. The UE receives
RRC messages on the BCCH, CCCH and DCCH channels. Due to the discontinuous type of traffic, UTRAN can command the UE to perform periodic cell updates.
In the CELL_FACH state the UE shall perform the following actions:
if the UE is "in service area":
- DCCH and DTCH are available
- perform cell reselection process
- run timer T305 (periodical cell update)
- listen to all FACH transport channels mapped on S-CCPCH assigned to this UE
if the UE is "out of service area":
- run timers T305 (periodical cell update), and T317 (cell update when re-entering "in service") or T307 (transition to Idle mode)
states.
phone can be:
CELL_FACH
CELL_PCH and URA_PCH
The remaining two sub-states CELL_PCH and URA_PCH were introduced to cope with inactive data users. Just think about users, who surf in the Internet. After downloading some files, they work
with the data, and for a longer time, no transmission takes place. If this is the case, access stratum resources can be released when moving in one of the two states. In both states, no DCCH nor
DTCH is allocated to the UE. No exchange of data is possible between the UE and UTRAN. If the UE wants to transmit something, it must move first internally to the sub-state CELL_FACH.
The UE listens to the cell system information, broadcasted on the BCCH. It performs measurements accordingly, and is responsible for cell-reselection. In addition to that, it periodically looks for a
PLMN with a higher priority. When UTRAN wants to transmit data to the UE, it must be paged first. Therefore, the UE has to monitor paging occasions on its PICH, i.e. it receives RRC messages both
on the BCCH and the PCCH.
CELL_PCH In this sub-state, the UEs current cell is known to the RNC. If the RNC wants to exchange data with the UE, it only needs to page the UE there. If the UE changes the cell, it
must perform a cell update. Also periodical cell updates can be requested by UTRAN. To perform updates, the UE must change to the CELL_FACH sub-state. (Please note, that no
uplink transmission is allowed in CELL_PCH/URA_PCH.)
URA_PCH URA stands for UTRAN Registration Area. This state is comparable to the Cell_PCH,only that the UTRAN knows the UE on URA level.
If the UE is in the CELL_PCH and moving fast, a lot of cell updates have to be performed. URAs are a combination of one or several cells under one S-RNC. URAs may overlap, i.e. a
cell may belong to several URAs. If UTRAN wants to transmit something to the UE, it must page the UE within the URA. The UE is responsible for URA updates when it changes the
URA and periodic URA updates when required by UTRAN.
In the URA_PCH or CELL_PCH state the UE shall perform the following actions:
- maintain up-to-date system information as broadcast by the serving cell
- perform a periodic search for higher priority PLMNs
- monitor the paging occasions according to the DRX cycle and receive paging information on the PCH
- maintain up-to-date BMC data if it supports Cell Broadcast Service (CBS)
- run timer T305 for periodical URA update if the UE is in URA_PCH or for periodical cell update if the UE is in CELL_PCH
- run timer T316;
- run timer T305
RRC Connection Mobility Management and RRC Modes
If the UE is in the RRC connected mode, but not in the CELL_DCH sub-state, it is responsible to inform UTRAN about a detected change of location. The UE then moves (or is) in the CELL_FACH
state and send the RRC message Cell Update or URA Update.
Depending on the UEs RRC message, UTRAN returns the RRC message Cell Update Confirm or URA Update Confirm if it accepts the UEs update request. Otherwise, it return the RRC
Connection Release message.
The cell or URA update are conducted for several reasons:
1. The UE is in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH sub-state and re-entering the UMTS service area. Then the UE moves to the CELL_FACH state and notifies UTRAN.
2. Periodical updates can be enforced by the operator for UEs in the sub-states CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH.
3. There is an unrecoverable error at the UEs RLC-entity, used for acknowledge mode of operation.
4. A cell update is additionally triggered for several reasons:
- The UE has performed cell-reselection. It is camping on a new cell, and UTRAN must be notified about it.
- The UE was paged in the sub-states URA_PCH or CELL_PCH.
- The UE informs UTRAN about its transition to the CELL_FACH state. Another reason for a CELL_FACH transition is an indication by the UEs higher layers, that data has to be
transmitted uplink.
- The UE is in the CELL_DCH and a radio link failed.
- The UE was not capable to transmit the RRC message UE Capability Information.
If a cell update takes place, the UE may be requested to modify its RB configuration, TrCH configuration, etc. This must be confirmed by the UE. It may also include a re-
establishments of RLC-entities in the acknowledged mode as figures below.
URA Update is conducted next to re-entering the UMTS service area, due to an RRC acknowledged mode unrecoverable error and because of an periodic URA update when the
UE performs cell re-selection, and the new cell does not belong the the UEs URA. An URA Update is then triggered by the UE to get a new URA assigned.
When a UE transmits a Cell Update or URA Update message, it starts the timer T302. It waits for the T302 period to get the Cell Update Confirm resp. URA Update confirm message
If no confirmation message arrived within this time period, the UE retransmits the original message. The number of Cell Update or URA Update messages, the UE is allowed to
send, it hereby limited to N302. The retransmission is of course only possible, when the UE is in the service area; if not, it must continue to search a service area.
Cell and URA updates performed according to the causes in the figure below. As you can see, a periodic update can be done not only, when the UE is in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH sub-state, but
also, when the UE is in the CELL_FACH sub-state. A periodic update is a supervision mechanism, which can be used by the mobile operator to keep track of the UE. If a cell or URA update was
performed, a UE in the CELL_FACH sub-state may transit to the sub-states CELL_DCH, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH, or in the RRC mode idle.
transmitted uplink.
UE Tasks in the CELL_FACH Sub-state
In the CELL_FACH, but also in the CELL_PCH and URA_PCH, the timer T305 is used for periodical cell or URA updates.
It is still active, when the UE is out of the service area. What happens, if this timer expires? The timer T307 is activated, and the UE starts the cell selection process. If the timer T307 expires, the UE
moves into the idle mode and releases all resources.
The timers can be broadcasted with the System Information Block 1 (or as part of the UTRAN Mobility Information message):
Out-of-Service Area Timing
If the UE is out of service area, it runs the cell selection process. It keeps the timers T305 running and starts timer T316. The UE attempts to find a serving cell again. If it is successful,
and the UE is in the service area again, the UE stops timer T316. It also stops timer T307, in case this timer is active. Being back in the service area can mean, that the UE is served
by the same cell or URA, and no update is required. If the UE is in the service area, but the cell or URA has changed, the cell or URA update has to be initiated by the UE. But what
happens, if the timer T316 expires? If the UE is still out of service area, it moves to the sub-state CELL_FACH and starts timer T317. If the UE is back in the service area, it performs
the Cell Update with cause re-entering service area .
In the CELL_FACH state, the UE acts like this:
If the UE is in the service area and the timer T305 has expired, it performs a periodical cell update.
If the UE is out of service area, it performs the cell selection process. The timers T305 is still active, and the UE starts timer T317, if it was not yet active. If the UE enters the service area again, the
timer T317 is stopped. Also timer T307 is stopped, when it was active. The UE has to transmit the RRC Cell Update message to UTRAN, indicating the cause of the
cell update: re-entering service area. If the timer T317 expires, the UE moves to the idle mode. It releases all dedicated resources.
Click to return to main page Mapping of UE state to 3GPP Specifications
After UE switch on, there are two basic operational modes of a UE, idle mode and connected mode.The connected mode can be
further divided into 4 service states,which dene what kind of physical channels a UE is using. The mapping of UE state to 3GPP
speciafication is shown below:
RRC Tasks and Functions
The RRC protocol is the application part for the UMTS radio access technology. This means all controlling radio tasks are in the responsibility of RRC. The RRC has following functions:
-broadcasting of system information for NAS stratum
-establishment,maintenance and release of RRC signaling between UE and UTRAN connections
-establishment,reconfiguration and release of radio bearers
-RRC connection mobility functions
-Quality of Service (QOS) control
-UE measurement reports
-outer loop power control
-security control
-paging
-Initial cell selection and reselection
-transport of NAS stratum control messages
With all these tasks the RRC protocol belongs to the access stratum when the radio oriented control tasks are performed and it belongs to the transport stratum,because it carriers the
higher layer control plane protocol messages.
GSM Packet
Transfer
04.50
RRC Modes and State Transitions including GSM
states.
phone can be:
Usage of Radio Bearer by the RRC protocol
The RRC protocol uses the radio bearer service provided by the layer 1 and layer 2 of the UMTS radio interface. The radio bearers in an UE will be numbered from 0 to 31.
The radio bearers 0,1,2,3,4 are pre-assigned for exclusive RRC usage. The following is speified:
-RB0 : The radio bearer 0 shall be used for all CCCHs. The CCH in the uplink is mapped to the RACH with RLC transparent mode, the downlink CCCH is mapped to the
FACH with RLC unacknowledged mode.
-RB1 : The radio bearer 1 is for all DCCH messages with RLC unacknowledged mode
-RB2 : The radio bearer 2 is used for all DCCH messages in RLC acknowledged mode, but not for RRC messages that transport NAS messages inside.
-RB3 and optional RB4 : These two radio bearers shall be used for RRC messages carrying NAS messages on DCCH in RLC acknowledged mode.
The radio bearers 5,...,31 can be used with explicit radio bearer set up for all purposes, e.g. traffic channels or control channels.
For RRC messages the protocol specified which RLC mode and with this which radio bearer can be chosen for transport of this message.
Release RR
Connection
Establish RR
Connection
Initiation
of a TBF
Release
of a TBF
GSM
Connected
Mode
GSM-UMTS Handover
RAT Handover
(MS in GPRS Packet Idle Mode)
(MS camps on a GSM/GPRS cell)
GPRS Packet
Transfer
Mode
The RRC connected Mode can be further decomposed into four different states. These four sub-states describe, on which level the UE is known by UTRAN and which resources are allocated by the
UE. UTRAN can know any UE either on cell level (cell state) or on URA level (URA state). On the other hand any UE can have a DCH or a FACH or no transport channel for control message
exchange. Therefore the four connected states are introduced:
When a UE is switched on, it enters the RRC idle mode. In the RRC idle mode, there is no connection on the access stratum level between the UE and UTRAN. UTRAN has no information about UEs
in the RRC idle mode. If UTRAN wants to address the UE, it must use non-access stratum identifiers, such as IMSI or TMSI and LAI.
In the RRC idle mode, the UE monitors the BCCH, and when it is registered to the CN, it also listens to paging occasions on its PICH.
The transition from the RRC idle mode to the RRC connected mode can only be initiated by the UE by sending the "RRC Connection Request" message to UTRAN. If common transport channels
used to exchange messages and data between the UE and UTRAN, the UE is identified by a Radio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI). As can be seen in the
figure above, the UE can be in one of four sub-states, when it is in the RRC connected mode. The sub-states depend on the connectivity level between the UE and UTRAN. The set of usable transport
channels depend also on the sub-states. For instance, the DCHs are not available in the sub-states CELL_PCH and CELL_URA. The UE leaves the RRC idle
mode when sending the RRC Connection Request message to UTRAN. When UTRAN accepts the UEs request, the UE enters either the sub-state CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH.
RRC Mode Description
CELL_DCH
In this sub-state, dedicated physical channels are allocated to the UE. DCCH and if configured DTCH information can be transmitted. There no need to identify the UE on a dedicated channel,
because the physical channels are exclusively allocated to this UE. UTRAN knows the active set cells for the radio links and thus the location of the the UE. Also downlink shared channels can be
allocated to the UE. In this state, the UE is capable to receive RRC messages on the DCCH (and BCCH, if it owns specific capabilities). The cell system information is broadcasted on the FACH. The
UE reads the cell system information and acts accordingly. For instance, it determines the measurement quality and the reporting events from the cell system information. This state can only be
entered from Cell_FACH by setting up a DCH. When the last DCH is released the UE enters Cell_FACH,Cell_PCH,URA_PCH or idle mode
In the CELL_DCH state the UE shall perform the following actions:
if DCCH and DTCH are available:
- read system information broadcast on FACH (applicable only to UEs with certain capabilities and camping on FDD cells);
CELL_FACH
states.
phone can be:
CELL_FACH
CELL_PCH and URA_PCH
The remaining two sub-states CELL_PCH and URA_PCH were introduced to cope with inactive data users. Just think about users, who surf in the Internet. After downloading some files, they work
with the data, and for a longer time, no transmission takes place. If this is the case, access stratum resources can be released when moving in one of the two states. In both states, no DCCH nor
DTCH is allocated to the UE. No exchange of data is possible between the UE and UTRAN. If the UE wants to transmit something, it must move first internally to the sub-state CELL_FACH.
The UE listens to the cell system information, broadcasted on the BCCH. It performs measurements accordingly, and is responsible for cell-reselection. In addition to that, it periodically looks for a
PLMN with a higher priority. When UTRAN wants to transmit data to the UE, it must be paged first. Therefore, the UE has to monitor paging occasions on its PICH, i.e. it receives RRC messages both
on the BCCH and the PCCH.
CELL_PCH In this sub-state, the UEs current cell is known to the RNC. If the RNC wants to exchange data with the UE, it only needs to page the UE there. If the UE changes the cell, it
must perform a cell update. Also periodical cell updates can be requested by UTRAN. To perform updates, the UE must change to the CELL_FACH sub-state. (Please note, that no
uplink transmission is allowed in CELL_PCH/URA_PCH.)
URA_PCH URA stands for UTRAN Registration Area. This state is comparable to the Cell_PCH,only that the UTRAN knows the UE on URA level.
If the UE is in the CELL_PCH and moving fast, a lot of cell updates have to be performed. URAs are a combination of one or several cells under one S-RNC. URAs may overlap, i.e. a
cell may belong to several URAs. If UTRAN wants to transmit something to the UE, it must page the UE within the URA. The UE is responsible for URA updates when it changes the
URA and periodic URA updates when required by UTRAN.
In the URA_PCH or CELL_PCH state the UE shall perform the following actions:
- maintain up-to-date system information as broadcast by the serving cell
- perform a periodic search for higher priority PLMNs
- monitor the paging occasions according to the DRX cycle and receive paging information on the PCH
- maintain up-to-date BMC data if it supports Cell Broadcast Service (CBS)
- run timer T305 for periodical URA update if the UE is in URA_PCH or for periodical cell update if the UE is in CELL_PCH
- run timer T316;
- run timer T305
RRC Connection Mobility Management and RRC Modes
transmitted uplink.
Cell and URA updates performed according to the causes in the figure below. As you can see, a periodic update can be done not only, when the UE is in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH sub-state, but
also, when the UE is in the CELL_FACH sub-state. A periodic update is a supervision mechanism, which can be used by the mobile operator to keep track of the UE. If a cell or URA update was
performed, a UE in the CELL_FACH sub-state may transit to the sub-states CELL_DCH, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH, or in the RRC mode idle.
transmitted uplink.
UE Tasks in the CELL_FACH Sub-state
In the CELL_FACH, but also in the CELL_PCH and URA_PCH, the timer T305 is used for periodical cell or URA updates.
It is still active, when the UE is out of the service area. What happens, if this timer expires? The timer T307 is activated, and the UE starts the cell selection process. If the timer T307 expires, the UE
moves into the idle mode and releases all resources.
The timers can be broadcasted with the System Information Block 1 (or as part of the UTRAN Mobility Information message):
Out-of-Service Area Timing
If the UE is out of service area, it runs the cell selection process. It keeps the timers T305 running and starts timer T316. The UE attempts to find a serving cell again. If it is successful,
and the UE is in the service area again, the UE stops timer T316. It also stops timer T307, in case this timer is active. Being back in the service area can mean, that the UE is served
by the same cell or URA, and no update is required. If the UE is in the service area, but the cell or URA has changed, the cell or URA update has to be initiated by the UE. But what
happens, if the timer T316 expires? If the UE is still out of service area, it moves to the sub-state CELL_FACH and starts timer T317. If the UE is back in the service area, it performs
the Cell Update with cause re-entering service area .
In the CELL_FACH state, the UE acts like this:
If the UE is in the service area and the timer T305 has expired, it performs a periodical cell update.
If the UE is out of service area, it performs the cell selection process. The timers T305 is still active, and the UE starts timer T317, if it was not yet active. If the UE enters the service area again, the
timer T317 is stopped. Also timer T307 is stopped, when it was active. The UE has to transmit the RRC Cell Update message to UTRAN, indicating the cause of the
cell update: re-entering service area. If the timer T317 expires, the UE moves to the idle mode. It releases all dedicated resources.
>>State Transistions Parameters Description (Module II)
>>UE&NodeB Timer and constant Parameters Description (Module II)
RRC Connection Request Message
RRC Procedures
Between the UE and the RNC, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used to exchange signalling and control data to establish, maintain, and release connections. The UE gets informed about the radio bearer characteristics, the
transport channel configurations, and the physical layer settings. With that, the UE knows how to receive and transmit data via the WCDMA radio interface. The RNC uses the NodeB Application Part (NBAP) protocol to inform the Node B
about the radio interface configuration.
Following RRC procedures can be identified in accordance to the ETSI specification TS 25.331 V3.12.0:
-RRC Connection Management Procedures :These procedures include the broadcasting of system information, paging, RRC connection establishment and release, UE capability inquiry, security mode control, Inter-RAT handover
information transfer, etc.
-Radio Bearer Control Procedures :These procedures for radio bearer establishment, transport channel and physical channel reconfiguration, physical channel failure, etc. can be found here.
-RRC Connection Mobility Procedures :These procedures such as cell and URA updates, UTRAN mobility information, active set update, and various handover procedures are covered here.
-Measurement Procedures Measurement control and report, etc. is managed here.
Radio Resource Control message contains of following groups of information elements :
-CN information elements : NAS specific information is transmitted, such as the CN type and CN domain identity.
-UTRAN mobility management information elements : Cell access restrictions, cell and URA identities are examples of data, associated with these IEs.
-UE information elements: UE related information is exchanged here, including capability update requirements, PDCP and FDD RF capabilities, radio access capabilities, cell update causes,etc.
-Radio Bearer information elements: These information elements mostly describe the characteristics of a radio bearer, such as RB information to setup.
-Transport Channel information elements: Here, mainly the transport channel characteristics are described, such as the description of TFCs and TFCSs.
-Physical Channel information elements: Here, everything relevant for the PHY-layer is covered, such as the description of CCTrCHs or compressed mode information.
-Measurement information elements: Cell measured results, event results, filter coefficients etc. are exchanged here.
-Other information elements
RRC Connection Establishment
The purpose of the RRC Connection Establishment procedure is to create a RRC connection between the UE and UTRAN.
To do so, the UE sends the RRC Connection Request message to the RNC. The UE was in the RRC idle mode, and higher layer protocols in the UE request a signalling connection to UTRAN. Please note, that an RRC connection
establishment is always initiated by the UE. It is transmitted via the logical channel CCCH.

UTRAN returns a response. If UTRAN accepts the UEs RRC Connection Request, it returns the message RRC Connection Setup message. The UE gets all relevant parameters regarding the signalling bearers, transport channels, and
physical channels.
From the RNC point of view, it is not just sufficient to inform the UE about the signalling resources. The Node B must also get all relevant parameters to serve the UE on the radio interface adequately, and to relay data between the Iub-
interface and Uu-interface. Before the RNC returns the RRC Connection Setup message to the UE, it uses the UTRAN specific signalling protocol NBAP to send these parameters to the Node B.

If UTRAN denies access to the UE, it returns the message RRC Connection Reject. Both messages are returned to the UE via a FACH.

If the UE has received the message RRC Connection Setup, it returns the RRC Connection Setup Complete message to the RNC, using the transport channel DCH. Beforehand it performed a L1 Synchronization.
RRC Connection Setup Message
2.RRC Connection Setup message
If the S-RNC accepts the UEs RRC Connection Establishment request. It starts an interaction with the Node B to establish a radio link
connection over the interface Iub. This interaction is also used to inform the Node B about the radio link
configuration parameters for uplink and downlink transmission via the interface Uu. In other words, the Node B is fully
prepared to serve as intermediate mode between the mobile phone and the RNC. The UE gets the radio link configuration
parameters with the RRC Connection Setup message, which is transmitted in the transport channel FACH. This message is used to
establish signalling radio bearers between the UE and the RNC.
The RRC Connection Setup message is used to specify the (signalling) radio bearer, the transport channel and the physical channel
characteristics both in the UL and downlink directions. The RRC Connection Setup message is sent from the RRC layer in the RNC to
the RRC layer in the UE. The UEs RRC uses management interfaces to the configure the lower layers accordingly.
-If only the physical layer characteristics are modified, then the RRC layer only has to interact with the PHY layer. A
modification may affect scrambling and modulation. A new channelisation code may be deployed for the connection, which
has no impact to the higher layers. The PHY layer is for instance responsible for radio measurements, and the RNC can
change measurement quantities or threshold values. Again, this has no impact on the higher layers.
-If the transport channels are modified, then this has an effect both on the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer and the
PHY layer. The MAC layer is responsible for Transport Format selection, identification of UEs on the common and shared
resources, ciphering and de-ciphering, random access control, etc.
-If a radio bearer is established, or modified, then following layer instances may receive parameters: - Radio Link Control
(RLC) layer for each radio bearer, an RLC instance is established - , - Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, -
Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) layer instances, - Medium Access Control (MAC) layer instances, and - PHY layer. With
the RRC Connection Setup message, we establish several signalling radio bearers for the UE, so that we wont see the
PDCP layer and BMC layer relevant parameters.
1. RRC Connection Request message
It is initiated by the UE and transmitted via the uplink CCCH. Two types of information element groups can be found in this message:
-UE information elements and
-Measurement information elements.
Following data about the UE is sent in this message:
-Initial UE identity:
The UE identities contains of 4 options- IMSI,IMEI,P-TMSI&RAI or TMSI&LAI. The operator can choice one of the UE identity to use
-Establishment cause :
There is a huge list of causes for a connection request
-Protocol error indicator :
This message can also indicate, whether a protocol error occurred.
If so, this value is set to TRUE. The default value is FALSE.
The UE also delivers measurement results; the corresponding IE is called Measured Results on the RACH, because the measurement results are transmitted via the transport channel RACH. The measured quantity can be set by the
operator, but it is an option. If set by the operator, it is broadcasted as cell system information. The cells, listed in the measurement result list, are ordered in accordance to the measurement results,
with the best one in the beginning of the list.
The message itself holds 4 information elements groups:
1. UE information elements to identify the UE (UE IEs)
2. Radio bearer information elements (RB IEs), which specify the properties of the signalling bearers, which are established with this RRC message.
3. Transport channel information elements(TrCH IEs: UL/DL) to define the transport channel characteristics, in other words the TFCS.
4. Physical Channel information elements(PhyCH IEs: UL/DL), which specify parameters relevant for the PHY layer to make the physical channels available.
3. RRC Connection Setup message: TrCH IEs (UL/DL):
Each RB set between a UE and UTRAN has a unique number. Each of them can be mapped on one or two logical channels. This was part of the RB setup information. The information carried on radio bearers must be
mapped on transport channels. But on which transport channels can the higher layer information be transmitted? How can higher layer information be segmented? This is described with the information elements for
TrCH UL/DL. This information is used by the RRC to configure the RLC-, MAC, and PHY layer.
A very important IE is the Transport Format Set (TFC). The Transport Format Set information element describes the the allowed TFs, which can be transmitted via this TrCH.This information element also describes,
which logical channels are mapped on this TrCH.
The MAC layer is responsible to take the RLC PDUs (which hold the TBs), and to send them to their peer entity. RLC PDUs from several RBs (RLC layers) can be multiplexed on one transport channel. The MAC header of a MAC PDU
holds relevant information to identify the receiver of the RLC PDU. For instance, if two DTCHs are multiplexed on one DCH, then field C/T is added in the MAC header to identify the logical channel, to which
the RLC PDU has to be delivered to.
Please note, that three different MAC entities exist:
-MAC-b: This entity controls the BCH. It is located in the Node B.
-MAC-c/sh : This MAC-entity controls the access to the common control channels PCH, FACH, RACH, CPCH, DSCH.
-MAC-d: This MAC-entity control the access to the dedicated transport
RRC Connection Setup Complete message
4.RRC Connection Setup message: PhyCH IEs (UL/DL):
The Physical Channel information elements deliver relevant information for the PHY layer to configure the physical channels. One of the PhyCH IEs is the carrier frequency band, where the signalling connection is
established. As can be seen, a UE can be immediately re-directed to another frequency band for the signalling bearer setup. Also the available UL and DL radio resources have to be described.
The Uplink DPCH info is an optional information element in the RRC Connection Setup message.
The UE can be informed about the downlink radio resources, when receiving the RRC Connection Setup message. When we have a closer look to the IE Downlink information common for all radio links, we detect
following FDD-mode specific information elements:
1. DPCH compressed mode If a UE has only one receiver, it cant make inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements on neighbouring cells and at the same time receive data from the active set cells. If this is the case,
the downlink transmission must be interrupted to give the UE time to make its measurements. Therefore, this mode is often called Slotted Mode. In order to transmit still the user data with a given data rate, more
puncturing is done if the required link quality can be kept up or the spreading factor is halved for a short while.
2. Site Selection Diversity Transmit (SSDT) ,The UE is served by several active set cells. But while all active set cells receive the UEs signals, only one is making a transmission downlink. The UE tells the active set
cells, which one shall serve it in the downlink.
3.Transmit Diversity Two-transmitter diversity is applied. The UE sends a feedback (FBI) to the Node B, so that this device can decide, how to set the weighting to the individual antennas. There are two different so-
called closed loop modes: - closed loop mode 1: A phase adjustment is done with one antenna. Hereby, the feedback command rate is 1 bit per timeslot. - closed loop mode 2: Phase and amplitude adjustments
are sent on four timeslots to the Node B.
L1 Synchonization on DPCCH and DPDCH (UL and DL)
Downlink synchronisation primitives
RRC Connection Establishment Timing
After the UE transmits RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message, the T300 timer will be started, and the timer will be stopped after the UE receives RRC CONNECTION SETUP message. Once the timer times out, if RRC CONNECTION
REQUEST message is retransmitted less than the number of times specified by the constant N300, the UE repeats RRC CONNECTION REQUEST; otherwise it will be in the idle mode,consider the procedure to be unsuccessful. The
procedures in details are as follows:
if the UE has not yet received an RRC CONNECTION SETUP message with the value of the IE "Initial UE identity" equal to the value of the variable INITIAL_UE_IDENTITY; and if cell re-selection or expiry of timer T300 occurs;
the UE shall:
- check the value of V300; and
if V300 is equal to or smaller than N300:
- if cell re-selection occurred: set CFN in relation to SFN of current cell
- set the IEs in the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message
- perform the mapping of the Access Class to an Access Service Class and
- apply the given Access Service Class when accessing the RACH;
- submit a new RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message to lower layers for transmission on the uplink CCCH;
- increment counter V300;
- restart timer T300 when the MAC layer indicates success or failure to transmit the message;
if V300 is greater than N300:
- enter idle mode.
- consider the procedure to be unsuccessful;
- Other actions the UE shall perform when entering idle mode from connected mode
- The procedure ends.
For the dedicated channels, synchronisation primitives are used to indicate the synchronisation status of radio links, both in uplink and downlink.
A UE Layer1 shall check the synchronisation status of every radio frame of downlink and uplink dedicated channels in order to detect a loss of the signal on Layer 1, as specified in TS 25.214. The synchronization state of
a radio link is determined based on the physical channel BER of the DPCCH (The physical channel BER is the relation of the incorrectly detected pilot bits to the total number of pilot bits in a radio frame), the thresholds
Qout and Qin specify at what DPCCH quality levels the UE shall shut its power off and when it shall turn its power on respectively. The synchronisation status is reported to the higher layer.
The criteria for reporting synchronisation status are defined in two different phases.
Phase 1:
-Starts when higher layers initiate physical dedicated channel establishment and lasts until 160 ms after the downlink dedicated channel is considered established by higher layers
-During this time the Out-of-sync status shall not exist
-During this time the In-sync status shall be reported using the CPHY-Sync-IND primitive if the following criterion is fulfilled:
The UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 40 ms period to be better than a threshold Qin. This criterion shall be assumed not to be fulfilled before 40 ms of DPCCH quality measurements have been
collected. Qin is defined implicitly by the relevant tests. (def. 20% BER) . (The mapping of the Q_IN values to the actual physical channel BER is given in 3GPP TS 25.133)
Phase 2:
-Starts 160 ms after the downlink dedicated channel is considered established by higher layers with In-sync status
-During this phase the criteria for the Out-of-sync and In-sync status are as follows
Out-of-sync shall be reported using the CPHY-Out-of-Sync-IND primitive if either of the following criteria are fulfilled:
- The UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 160 ms period to be worse than a threshold Qout. Qout is defined implicitly by the relevant tests(def. 15% BER)
- The 20 most recently received transport blocks with a CRC attached, as observed on all TrCHs using CRC, have been received with incorrect CRC. In addition, over the previous 160 ms, all transport blocks with a CRC
attached have been received with incorrect CRC. In case of no TFCI is used this criterion shall be considered only for TrCHs using CRC in all transport formats.
In-sync shall be reported using the CPHY-Sync-IND primitive if both of the following criteria are fulfilled:
- The UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 160 ms period to be better than a threshold Qin. Qin is defined implicitly by the relevant tests(def.20% BER)
- At least one transport block with a CRC attached, as observed on all TrCHs using CRC, is received in a TTI ending in the current frame with correct CRC. If no transport blocks are received, or no transport block has a
CRC attached, this criterion shall be assumed to be fulfilled. In case of no TFCI is used this criterion shall be considered only for TrCHs using CRC in all transport formats.
Uplink synchronisation primitives
Layer 1 in the Node B shall every radio frame check synchronisation status of all radio link sets. Synchronisation status is indicated to the RL Failure/Restored triggering function using either the CPHY-Sync-IND or
CPHY-Out-of Sync IND primitive. Hence, only one synchronisation status indication shall be given per radio link set.The exact criteria for indicating in-sync/out-of-sync is not subject to specification, but could e.g. be based on received
DPCCH quality or CRC checks. One example would be to have the same criteria as for the downlink synchronisation status primitives.
The establishment of a radio link can be divided into two cases:
- when there is no existing radio link, i.e. when at least one downlink dedicated physical channel and one uplink dedicated physical channel are to be set up;
- or when one or several radio links already exist, i.e. when at least one downlink dedicated physical channel is to be set up and an uplink dedicated physical channel already exists.
In Node B, each radio link set can be in three different states: initial state, out-of-sync state and in-sync state. Transitions between the different states is shown in figure above. The establishment of a radio link is
explain more details below.
1. No existing radio link
When one or several radio links are to be established and there is no existing radio link for the UE already, a dedicated physical channel is to be set up in uplink and at least one dedicated physical channel is to be set up
in downlink. This corresponds to the case when a dedicated physical channel is initially set up on a frequency.
The radio link establishment is as follows:
a) Node B considers the radio link sets which are to be set up to be in the initial state. UTRAN shall start the transmission of the downlink DPCCH and may start the transmission of DPDCH if any data is to be
transmitted.The initial downlink DPCCH transmit power is set by higher layers.Downlink TPC commands are generated.
b) The UE establishes downlink chip and frame synchronisation of DPCCH, using the P-CCPCH timing and timing offset information notified from UTRAN. Frame synchronisation can be confirmed using the frame
synchronisation word. Downlink synchronisation status is reported to higher layers every radio frame.
c) If no activation time for uplink DPCCH has been signalled to the UE, uplink DPCCH transmission shall start when higher layers consider the downlink physical channel established. If an activation time has been given,
uplink DPCCH transmission shall not start before the downlink physical channel has been established and the activation time has been reached. The initial uplink DPCCH transmit power is set by higher layers.
d) UTRAN establishes uplink chip and frame synchronisation. Frame synchronisation can be confirmed using the frame synchronisation word. Radio link sets remain in the initial state until N_INSYNC_IND successive
in-sync indications are received from layer 1, when Node B shall trigger the RL Restore procedure indicating which radio link set has obtained synchronisation. When RL Restore has been triggered the radio link set
shall be considered to be in the in-sync state.The RL Restore procedure may be triggered several times, indicating when synchronisation is obtained for different radio link sets.
2. One or several existing radio links
When one or several radio links are to be established and one or several radio links already exist, there is an existing DPCCH/DPDCH in the uplink, and at least one corresponding dedicated physical channel shall be
set up in the downlink. This corresponds to the case when new radio links are added to the active set and downlink transmission starts for those radio links.The radio link establishment is as follows:
a) Node B considers new radio link sets to be set up to be in initial state. If a radio link is to be added to an existing radio link set this radio link set shall be considered to be in the state the radio link set was prior to the
addition of the radio link, i.e. if the radio link set was in the in-sync state before the addition of the radio link it shall remain in that state.
b) UTRAN starts the transmission of the downlink DPCCH/DPDCH at a frame timing such that the frame timing received at the UE will be within T0 +/- 148 chips prior to the frame timing of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH at
the UE. Simultaneously, UTRAN establishes uplink chip and frame synchronisation of the new radio link. Frame synchronisation can be confirmed using the frame synchronization word. Radio link sets considered to be
in the initial state shall remain in the initial state until N_INSYNC_IND successive in-sync indications are received from layer 1, when Node B shall trigger the RL Restore procedure indicating which radio link set has
obtained synchronisation. When RL Restore is triggered the radio link set shall be considered to be in the in-sync state.The RL Restore procedure may be triggered several times, indicating when synchronisation is
obtained for different radio link sets.
c) The UE establishes chip and frame synchronisation of the new radio link. Frame synchronisation can be confirmed using the frame synchronization word. Downlink synchronisation status shall be reported to higher
layers every radio frame.
20 last TBs transmitted
with incorrect CRC transmitted
UE Sycnchronization Status
At least one TB in the last radio
frame with correct CRC transmitted
Downlink radio link failure/restore
The downlink radio links shall be monitored by the UE, to trigger radio link failure procedures. Radio link failure detection in DL is based on counter N313 (counting out of sync indicator) and timer T313 in UE. In CELL_DCH State, after
receiving N313 consecutive "out of sync" indications from layer 1 for the established DPCCH physical channel in FDD the UE
->start timer T313
->upon receiving N315 successive "in sync" indications from layer 1 and upon change of UE state:
->stop and reset timer T313
In case of the expiry of T313 which means Radio Link Failure, how much time UE can re-establish a bearer. A bearer can be associated with a bearer re-establishment timer (T314 and T315), which defines the time to re-establish it after a
cell or URA update. T314 is controlling transparent and unacknowledged mode(UM) bearers. T315 is controlling acknowledged(AM) mode bearers
->Timer T314 is started if radio bearer(s) that are associated with T314 exist or if only RRC connection exists, and stopped when the Cell Update procedure has been completed.
->Timer T315 is started only if radio bearer(s) that are associated with T315 exist, and stopped when the Cell Update procedure has been completed.
If T314 expires and T305 is not running, then all radio bearers associated with radio bearers with T314 value are locally released. If additionally T315 is not running, the UE is moved to the RRC idle mode.
In case of the expiry of T314 (T315), the corresponding service Radio Bearers will be removed.
For UE in CELL_DCH state, In case of Radio link failure, if the Radio link cannot be successfully reconfigured by CELL UPDATE CONFIRM before the expiry of the corresponding T314 (or T315), CELL UPDATE will be
resent for Radio link reconfiguration (this operation relates to T302 and N302). T314(T315) should be set greater than T302*N302
The timer T302 is started when UE transmits CELL UPDATE/URA UPDATE, and stopped when UE receives a CELL UPDATE CONFIRM/URA UPDATE CONFIRM. When it expires, UE should retransmit CELL
UPDATE/URA UPDATE if the counter V302 is no bigger than the Maximum number of retransmissions of the CELL UPDATE / URA UPDATE message N302, else, goes to idle mode
Radio Link Monitoring
Downlink Direction
Uplink Direction
When the UE starts to set up the dedicated channel, it starts the T312 timer, and after the UE detects N312 synchronization indications from L1, it will stop the T312 timer. Once the timer times out, it means that the physical channel setup
has failed.
->When a physical dedicated channel establishment is initiated by the UE, the UE starts a timer T312 and wait for layer 1 to indicate N312 "in sync" indications
->On receiving N312 "in sync" indications, the physical channel is considered established and the timer T312 is stopped and reset
->On the BTS side after receiving N_INSYNC_IND synchronization indicators the BTS sends NBAP: SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION message to RNC after which the closed loop and outer loop PC start to control the powers
Uplink radio link failure/restore
The uplink radio link sets are monitored by the Node B, to trigger radio link failure/restore procedures. Once the radio link sets have been established, they will be in the in-sync or out-of-sync states. Transitions between
those two states are described below.
-The uplink radio link failure/restore criteria is based on the synchronisation status primitives CPHY-Sync-IND and CPHY-Out-of-Sync-IND, indicating in-sync and out-of-sync respectively. Note that only one
synchronisation status indication shall be given per radio link set.
-When the BTS L1 has detected N_INSYNC_IND consecutive indications with In-sync status, the radio link is moved from the initial state to an In-sync state. L1 informs BTS L3 about the established synchronization and
BTS L3 sends the NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION message to the RNC
-When the radio link set is in the in-sync state, Node B shall start timer T_RLFAILURE after receiving N_OUTSYNC_IND consecutive out-of-sync indications. Node B shall stop and reset timer T_RLFAILURE upon
receiving successive N_INSYNC_IND in-sync indications. If T_RLFAILURE expires, Node B shall trigger the RL Failure procedure and indicate which radio link set is out-of-sync. When the RL Failure procedure is
triggered, the state of the radio link set change to the out-of-sync state. During the Out-of-sync state, L1 keeps on searching the synchronization as long as the synchronization has been re-established or the radio link is
released by the RNC with the NBAP:RADIO LINK DELETION message
-When the radio link set is in the out-of-sync state, after receiving N_INSYNC_IND successive in-sync indications Node B shall trigger the RL Restore procedure and indicate which radio link set has re-established
synchronisation. When the RL Restore procedure is triggered, the state of the radio link set change to the in-sync state. BTS L3 sends the NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION message to the RNC
After the BTS has established the frame synchronization to the uplink DPCH, the transmission power of the downlink DPCH is controlled based on the TPC bits transmitted by the UE. Also, the TPC bits transmitted in the
downlink dedicated physical channel are based on the SIR measurements from the uplink DPCH. (The parameters Qin and Qout and N_INSYNC_IND, N_OUTSYNC_IND, T_RLFAILURE are given by the RNC to the BTS
in the NBAP: CONFIGURATION DATA message)
Example of 3 common cases of L1 Synchonization
->start timer T313
->In case BTS is able to establish synchronization it sends NBAP:Synchronization Indication message to RNC
->In case UE is not able to establish synchronization within timer T312 it stops TX on the DCH
->As the UE TX is off the BTS looses the L1 synchronization and sends NPAB: Radio Link Failure message to RNC
After Timer expires in RNC the RNC sends NPAB: Radio Link Deletion to BTS which then stops searching for the synchronization
->In case BTS is not able to establish synchronization it does not send NBAP:Synchronization Indication message to RNC
The BTS tries to establish synchronization until timer in RNC expires and RNC sends NBAP:Radio Link Deletion -message
RRC Procedures
Between the UE and the RNC, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used to exchange signalling and control data to establish, maintain, and release connections. The UE gets informed about the radio bearer characteristics, the
transport channel configurations, and the physical layer settings. With that, the UE knows how to receive and transmit data via the WCDMA radio interface. The RNC uses the NodeB Application Part (NBAP) protocol to inform the Node B
about the radio interface configuration.
Following RRC procedures can be identified in accordance to the ETSI specification TS 25.331 V3.12.0:
-RRC Connection Management Procedures :These procedures include the broadcasting of system information, paging, RRC connection establishment and release, UE capability inquiry, security mode control, Inter-RAT handover
information transfer, etc.
-Radio Bearer Control Procedures :These procedures for radio bearer establishment, transport channel and physical channel reconfiguration, physical channel failure, etc. can be found here.
-RRC Connection Mobility Procedures :These procedures such as cell and URA updates, UTRAN mobility information, active set update, and various handover procedures are covered here.
-Measurement Procedures Measurement control and report, etc. is managed here.
Radio Resource Control message contains of following groups of information elements :
-CN information elements : NAS specific information is transmitted, such as the CN type and CN domain identity.
-UTRAN mobility management information elements : Cell access restrictions, cell and URA identities are examples of data, associated with these IEs.
-UE information elements: UE related information is exchanged here, including capability update requirements, PDCP and FDD RF capabilities, radio access capabilities, cell update causes,etc.
-Radio Bearer information elements: These information elements mostly describe the characteristics of a radio bearer, such as RB information to setup.
-Transport Channel information elements: Here, mainly the transport channel characteristics are described, such as the description of TFCs and TFCSs.
-Physical Channel information elements: Here, everything relevant for the PHY-layer is covered, such as the description of CCTrCHs or compressed mode information.
-Measurement information elements: Cell measured results, event results, filter coefficients etc. are exchanged here.
-Other information elements
RRC Connection Establishment
The purpose of the RRC Connection Establishment procedure is to create a RRC connection between the UE and UTRAN.
To do so, the UE sends the RRC Connection Request message to the RNC. The UE was in the RRC idle mode, and higher layer protocols in the UE request a signalling connection to UTRAN. Please note, that an RRC connection
establishment is always initiated by the UE. It is transmitted via the logical channel CCCH.

UTRAN returns a response. If UTRAN accepts the UEs RRC Connection Request, it returns the message RRC Connection Setup message. The UE gets all relevant parameters regarding the signalling bearers, transport channels, and
physical channels.
From the RNC point of view, it is not just sufficient to inform the UE about the signalling resources. The Node B must also get all relevant parameters to serve the UE on the radio interface adequately, and to relay data between the Iub-
interface and Uu-interface. Before the RNC returns the RRC Connection Setup message to the UE, it uses the UTRAN specific signalling protocol NBAP to send these parameters to the Node B.

If UTRAN denies access to the UE, it returns the message RRC Connection Reject. Both messages are returned to the UE via a FACH.

If the UE has received the message RRC Connection Setup, it returns the RRC Connection Setup Complete message to the RNC, using the transport channel DCH. Beforehand it performed a L1 Synchronization.
1. RRC Connection Request message
It is initiated by the UE and transmitted via the uplink CCCH. Two types of information element groups can be found in this message:
-Measurement information elements.
Following data about the UE is sent in this message:
-Initial UE identity:
The UE identities contains of 4 options- IMSI,IMEI,P-TMSI&RAI or TMSI&LAI. The operator can choice one of the UE identity to use
-Establishment cause :
There is a huge list of causes for a connection request
-Protocol error indicator :
This message can also indicate, whether a protocol error occurred.
If so, this value is set to TRUE. The default value is FALSE.
The UE also delivers measurement results; the corresponding IE is called Measured Results on the RACH, because the measurement results are transmitted via the transport channel RACH. The measured quantity can be set by the
operator, but it is an option. If set by the operator, it is broadcasted as cell system information. The cells, listed in the measurement result list, are ordered in accordance to the measurement results,
with the best one in the beginning of the list.
1. RRC Connection Setup message: UE IEs:
1. Initial UE ID: The common transport channel FACH is used to send the RRC Connection Setup message
from the RNC to the UE. All UEs listening to the same FACH bearing S-CCPCH must be capable to detect, whether the
RRC message is for them. For UE identification, the IMSI or TMSI and LAI can be used.
RRC Transaction ID: Several RRC transactions can run in parallel. This number associates the message to
one transaction.
2. Activation Time: The transmission of transport channel frames has to be synchronised between the UE and
the S-RNC. This is also called L2 synchronisation. The Connection Frame Number (CFN) is an element of the L2
synchronisation. The network has to make sure, that the UE gets a radio frame with a specific CFN
(approximately) To = 1024 chips before is starts to send a radio frame with the same CFN. The Activation Time
indicates, when the UE can expect the transmission to start.
3. New U-RNTI and New C-RNTI: Common transport channels are shared resources, which can be used by
several UEs. The MAC-layer will add the required addressing information U-RNTI and C-RNTI. UE, S-RNC, C-
RNC and Node B identify each other by called Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTI). The S-RNC allocates
a S-RNTI to the UE to address the UE. When the UE accesses a new cell, the C-RNC allocates aC-RNTI to the
UE, with which it addresses the UE. The U-RNTI is a concatenation of the S-RNTI and the S-RNCs RNC-ID.
The U-RNTI is unique worldwide, and is used by the S-RNC to address the UE on common radio channels,
during paging, etc.
4. RRC State Indicator: This indicator tells the UE, in which internal RRC connected sub-state is has to move to.
5. Capability Update Requirement:
The message itself holds 4 information elements groups:
1. UE information elements to identify the UE (UE IEs)
2. Radio bearer information elements (RB IEs), which specify the properties of the signalling bearers, which are established with this RRC message.
3. Transport channel information elements(TrCH IEs: UL/DL) to define the transport channel characteristics, in other words the TFCS.
4. Physical Channel information elements(PhyCH IEs: UL/DL), which specify parameters relevant for the PHY layer to make the physical channels available.
2.RRC Connection Setup message: RB IEs:
Radio Bearer (RB) services are offered to the higher layers. Higher layers are:
-RRC layer, which uses signalling radio bearers to exchange radio link management messages between the UE and the
RNC. The RRC layer also takes NAS-signalling information to guarantee its transport in signalling radio bearers.
-NAS layers for user SDU transfer.
When the RRC Connection Setup message is sent from the RNC to the UE, then the RB IEs describe, how the Radio
Link Control layer(RLC) has to make the radio bearer service available to the RRC layer.
RLC sub-layer's tasks: For each RB, and RLC instance is established. Three different types are distinguished:
1.Transparent Mode (TrM) RLC entities In this mode, data is buffered, when it arrives in the RLC entity.
Segmentation at the transmitting RLC entity and re-assembly at the receiving RLC entity may occur, if being
configured by higher layers and the RLC SDU is larger than required by the lower layers, given the TTI. No other
service is offered.
2. Unacknowledged Mode (UM) RLC entities Data transfer, segmentation and reassembly is done like in the
TrM. But higher layer data is transmitted without guaranteeing its delivery. Sequence control and ciphering are.
3.Acknowledged Mode (AM) RLC entities A reliable bearer is offered in this mode. Its features can be seen in
the figure on the right hand side.
Signalling radio bearers have to be set up. Three signalling radio bearers must be set up, the 4th one is optional.
This is indicated with the IE Signalling RB to Setup List. Given the number, either 3 or 4 descriptions of radio bearers
follow. They contain information, which must be made available for the RLC sub-layer.
-RB identity: Each RB has a unique identity. The identities for signalling radio bearers are ranging from 1 to 4.
The total number of RBs, the UE can establish on command of the RNC, is 32. RB0 parameters are not
transmitted,because there are fixed rules how to determine its RLC parameters.
-Choice RLC info type: a RB is described: This is the case with the IE RLC info. Or its parameters are copied
from an existing one, where only the RB identity has to be delivered to the UE.
-RB mapping info Uplink, following transport channel types can be identified: DCH, RACH, and CPCH The
mapping information describes, on which Transport Channels the given RB can be mapped to. UL DCH are get
an identity (number). This number is used to describe, to which UL DCHs the RB can be mapped. Downlink,
we can identify following transport channel types: DCH, FACH, DSCH and DCH + DSCH. DSCH and DCH
receive an identity. There can be one or two logical channels per radio bearer or RLC entity. Therefore, there are
also logical channel identities.
3. RRC Connection Setup message: TrCH IEs (UL/DL):
Each RB set between a UE and UTRAN has a unique number. Each of them can be mapped on one or two logical channels. This was part of the RB setup information. The information carried on radio bearers must be
mapped on transport channels. But on which transport channels can the higher layer information be transmitted? How can higher layer information be segmented? This is described with the information elements for
TrCH UL/DL. This information is used by the RRC to configure the RLC-, MAC, and PHY layer.
A very important IE is the Transport Format Set (TFC). The Transport Format Set information element describes the the allowed TFs, which can be transmitted via this TrCH.This information element also describes,
which logical channels are mapped on this TrCH.
The MAC layer is responsible to take the RLC PDUs (which hold the TBs), and to send them to their peer entity. RLC PDUs from several RBs (RLC layers) can be multiplexed on one transport channel. The MAC header of a MAC PDU
holds relevant information to identify the receiver of the RLC PDU. For instance, if two DTCHs are multiplexed on one DCH, then field C/T is added in the MAC header to identify the logical channel, to which
the RLC PDU has to be delivered to.
Please note, that three different MAC entities exist:
-MAC-b: This entity controls the BCH. It is located in the Node B.
-MAC-c/sh : This MAC-entity controls the access to the common control channels PCH, FACH, RACH, CPCH, DSCH.
-MAC-d: This MAC-entity control the access to the dedicated transport
3. RRC Connection Setup Complete message
The UE has received the RRC Connection Setup message and returns the RRC Connection Setup Complete message to
the S-RNC. This message is transmitted via the logical channel DCCH on the radio signalling bearer, which offers
acknowledged mode of operation (RB2). The information elements in the RRC Connection Setup Complete message can
be grouped into
-Other information elements.
The UE can return its capabilities to the S-RNC with the IE Radio Access Capability, which contains
-Transport channel capability: is distributed to the resource manager and to the admission control entity
-RF capability: the RF capability is distributed to the resource manager, the power control entity and to the handover
control entity
-Physical channel entity: is distributed to resource manager
-UE multi-mode/multi-RAT capability
-Security capability
-LCS capability
-Measurement capability: is distributed to the handover control entity. Presence is mandatory if IE Multi-mode capability
has the value "FDD" or "FDD/TDD" and a FDD capability update has been requested in a previous
message. Otherwise this field is not needed in the message.
Among the optional other information elements, we find the Inter_RAT UE access capability. The RNC shall
extract the inter-system message from the UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION message and transfer it to the
handover control entity.
4.RRC Connection Setup message: PhyCH IEs (UL/DL):
The Physical Channel information elements deliver relevant information for the PHY layer to configure the physical channels. One of the PhyCH IEs is the carrier frequency band, where the signalling connection is
established. As can be seen, a UE can be immediately re-directed to another frequency band for the signalling bearer setup. Also the available UL and DL radio resources have to be described.
The Uplink DPCH info is an optional information element in the RRC Connection Setup message.
The UE can be informed about the downlink radio resources, when receiving the RRC Connection Setup message. When we have a closer look to the IE Downlink information common for all radio links, we detect
following FDD-mode specific information elements:
1. DPCH compressed mode If a UE has only one receiver, it cant make inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements on neighbouring cells and at the same time receive data from the active set cells. If this is the case,
the downlink transmission must be interrupted to give the UE time to make its measurements. Therefore, this mode is often called Slotted Mode. In order to transmit still the user data with a given data rate, more
puncturing is done if the required link quality can be kept up or the spreading factor is halved for a short while.
2. Site Selection Diversity Transmit (SSDT) ,The UE is served by several active set cells. But while all active set cells receive the UEs signals, only one is making a transmission downlink. The UE tells the active set
cells, which one shall serve it in the downlink.
3.Transmit Diversity Two-transmitter diversity is applied. The UE sends a feedback (FBI) to the Node B, so that this device can decide, how to set the weighting to the individual antennas. There are two different so-
called closed loop modes: - closed loop mode 1: A phase adjustment is done with one antenna. Hereby, the feedback command rate is 1 bit per timeslot. - closed loop mode 2: Phase and amplitude adjustments
are sent on four timeslots to the Node B.
3. RRC Connection Setup Complete message
The UE has received the RRC Connection Setup message and returns the RRC Connection Setup Complete message to
the S-RNC. This message is transmitted via the logical channel DCCH on the radio signalling bearer, which offers
acknowledged mode of operation (RB2). The information elements in the RRC Connection Setup Complete message can
be grouped into
-Other information elements.
The UE can return its capabilities to the S-RNC with the IE Radio Access Capability, which contains
-Transport channel capability: is distributed to the resource manager and to the admission control entity
-RF capability: the RF capability is distributed to the resource manager, the power control entity and to the handover
control entity
-Physical channel entity: is distributed to resource manager
-UE multi-mode/multi-RAT capability
-Security capability
-LCS capability
-Measurement capability: is distributed to the handover control entity. Presence is mandatory if IE Multi-mode capability
has the value "FDD" or "FDD/TDD" and a FDD capability update has been requested in a previous
message. Otherwise this field is not needed in the message.
Among the optional other information elements, we find the Inter_RAT UE access capability. The RNC shall
extract the inter-system message from the UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION message and transfer it to the
handover control entity.
L1 Synchonization on DPCCH and DPDCH (UL and DL)
After the UE transmits RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message, the T300 timer will be started, and the timer will be stopped after the UE receives RRC CONNECTION SETUP message. Once the timer times out, if RRC CONNECTION
REQUEST message is retransmitted less than the number of times specified by the constant N300, the UE repeats RRC CONNECTION REQUEST; otherwise it will be in the idle mode,consider the procedure to be unsuccessful. The
procedures in details are as follows:
if the UE has not yet received an RRC CONNECTION SETUP message with the value of the IE "Initial UE identity" equal to the value of the variable INITIAL_UE_IDENTITY; and if cell re-selection or expiry of timer T300 occurs;
the UE shall:
- check the value of V300; and
if V300 is equal to or smaller than N300:
- if cell re-selection occurred: set CFN in relation to SFN of current cell
- set the IEs in the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message
- perform the mapping of the Access Class to an Access Service Class and
- apply the given Access Service Class when accessing the RACH;
- submit a new RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message to lower layers for transmission on the uplink CCCH;
- increment counter V300;
- restart timer T300 when the MAC layer indicates success or failure to transmit the message;
if V300 is greater than N300:
- enter idle mode.
- consider the procedure to be unsuccessful;
- Other actions the UE shall perform when entering idle mode from connected mode
- The procedure ends.
For the dedicated channels, synchronisation primitives are used to indicate the synchronisation status of radio links, both in uplink and downlink.
A UE Layer1 shall check the synchronisation status of every radio frame of downlink and uplink dedicated channels in order to detect a loss of the signal on Layer 1, as specified in TS 25.214. The synchronization state of
a radio link is determined based on the physical channel BER of the DPCCH (The physical channel BER is the relation of the incorrectly detected pilot bits to the total number of pilot bits in a radio frame), the thresholds
Qout and Qin specify at what DPCCH quality levels the UE shall shut its power off and when it shall turn its power on respectively. The synchronisation status is reported to the higher layer.
The criteria for reporting synchronisation status are defined in two different phases.
Phase 1:
-Starts when higher layers initiate physical dedicated channel establishment and lasts until 160 ms after the downlink dedicated channel is considered established by higher layers
-During this time the Out-of-sync status shall not exist
-During this time the In-sync status shall be reported using the CPHY-Sync-IND primitive if the following criterion is fulfilled:
The UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 40 ms period to be better than a threshold Qin. This criterion shall be assumed not to be fulfilled before 40 ms of DPCCH quality measurements have been
collected. Qin is defined implicitly by the relevant tests. (def. 20% BER) . (The mapping of the Q_IN values to the actual physical channel BER is given in 3GPP TS 25.133)
Phase 2:
-Starts 160 ms after the downlink dedicated channel is considered established by higher layers with In-sync status
-During this phase the criteria for the Out-of-sync and In-sync status are as follows
Out-of-sync shall be reported using the CPHY-Out-of-Sync-IND primitive if either of the following criteria are fulfilled:
- The UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 160 ms period to be worse than a threshold Qout. Qout is defined implicitly by the relevant tests(def. 15% BER)
- The 20 most recently received transport blocks with a CRC attached, as observed on all TrCHs using CRC, have been received with incorrect CRC. In addition, over the previous 160 ms, all transport blocks with a CRC
attached have been received with incorrect CRC. In case of no TFCI is used this criterion shall be considered only for TrCHs using CRC in all transport formats.
In-sync shall be reported using the CPHY-Sync-IND primitive if both of the following criteria are fulfilled:
- The UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the previous 160 ms period to be better than a threshold Qin. Qin is defined implicitly by the relevant tests(def.20% BER)
- At least one transport block with a CRC attached, as observed on all TrCHs using CRC, is received in a TTI ending in the current frame with correct CRC. If no transport blocks are received, or no transport block has a
CRC attached, this criterion shall be assumed to be fulfilled. In case of no TFCI is used this criterion shall be considered only for TrCHs using CRC in all transport formats.
NodeB Radio Link Set States and Transistions
last TBs transmitted
with incorrect CRC transmitted
Out-of-sync
state
In-sync
state
Initial
state
RL Restore
RL Restore
RL Failure
->start timer T313
Downlink Direction
Uplink Direction
When the UE starts to set up the dedicated channel, it starts the T312 timer, and after the UE detects N312 synchronization indications from L1, it will stop the T312 timer. Once the timer times out, it means that the physical channel setup
has failed.
Uplink radio link failure/restore
The uplink radio link sets are monitored by the Node B, to trigger radio link failure/restore procedures. Once the radio link sets have been established, they will be in the in-sync or out-of-sync states. Transitions between
those two states are described below.
-The uplink radio link failure/restore criteria is based on the synchronisation status primitives CPHY-Sync-IND and CPHY-Out-of-Sync-IND, indicating in-sync and out-of-sync respectively. Note that only one
synchronisation status indication shall be given per radio link set.
-When the BTS L1 has detected N_INSYNC_IND consecutive indications with In-sync status, the radio link is moved from the initial state to an In-sync state. L1 informs BTS L3 about the established synchronization and
BTS L3 sends the NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION message to the RNC
-When the radio link set is in the in-sync state, Node B shall start timer T_RLFAILURE after receiving N_OUTSYNC_IND consecutive out-of-sync indications. Node B shall stop and reset timer T_RLFAILURE upon
receiving successive N_INSYNC_IND in-sync indications. If T_RLFAILURE expires, Node B shall trigger the RL Failure procedure and indicate which radio link set is out-of-sync. When the RL Failure procedure is
triggered, the state of the radio link set change to the out-of-sync state. During the Out-of-sync state, L1 keeps on searching the synchronization as long as the synchronization has been re-established or the radio link is
released by the RNC with the NBAP:RADIO LINK DELETION message
-When the radio link set is in the out-of-sync state, after receiving N_INSYNC_IND successive in-sync indications Node B shall trigger the RL Restore procedure and indicate which radio link set has re-established
synchronisation. When the RL Restore procedure is triggered, the state of the radio link set change to the in-sync state. BTS L3 sends the NBAP:SYNCHRONIZATION INDICATION message to the RNC
After the BTS has established the frame synchronization to the uplink DPCH, the transmission power of the downlink DPCH is controlled based on the TPC bits transmitted by the UE. Also, the TPC bits transmitted in the
downlink dedicated physical channel are based on the SIR measurements from the uplink DPCH. (The parameters Qin and Qout and N_INSYNC_IND, N_OUTSYNC_IND, T_RLFAILURE are given by the RNC to the BTS
in the NBAP: CONFIGURATION DATA message)
->start timer T313
Successful Synchronization on UL and DL
Downlink Direction
Uplink Direction
->In case BTS is able to establish synchronization it sends NBAP:Synchronization Indication message to RNC
->As the UE TX is off the BTS looses the L1 synchronization and sends NPAB: Radio Link Failure message to RNC
After Timer expires in RNC the RNC sends NPAB: Radio Link Deletion to BTS which then stops searching for the synchronization
->In case BTS is not able to establish synchronization it does not send NBAP:Synchronization Indication message to RNC
The BTS tries to establish synchronization until timer in RNC expires and RNC sends NBAP:Radio Link Deletion -message
Failed Synchronization on UL and DL
Downlink Direction
Uplink Direction
ULSynchronization failed because of
no DL synchronization
Downlink Direction
Uplink Direction
>>See More details of 1,2,3
>>Synchronization Parameters Description (Module II)
Radio Bearer(RB) Procedures
The RB control procedures are used to establish additional radio bearers, modify them, or release them.
Radio Bearer is established, modified, and released with following RRC messages:
1.Radio Bearer Setup,
2.Radio Bearer Reconfiguration, and
3.Radio Bearer Release.
If a radio bearer is setup or reconfigured, not only the RB parameters, but also the transport channel and
physical channel parameters have to be set or modified.
It is possible to modify the transport channel configuration. If this is done, the accessory RB parameters are not
affected. But a transport channel modification always has an impact on the physical channel setting. A transport
channel reconfiguration is triggered with the RRC message.
4. Transport Channel Reconfiguration
It is also possible to modify the physical channel characteristics of a radio bearer only. One example
is a channelisation code re-allocation. This is done with the RRC message
5. Physical Channel Reconfiguration.
Every RRC request, which is mentioned above, can be conducted successfully or fail.
Physical Channel Reconfiguration-on existing RBs
Radio Bearer(RB) Procedures
RB Setup, Reconfiguration, and Release
Transport Channel Reconfiguration-on existing RBs
Measurement procedures
The UE measurements are grouped into 7 different categories, according to what the UE should measure. (TS 25.331-360)
The different types of measurements are:
- Intra-frequency measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels at the same frequency as the active set.
- Inter-frequency measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels at frequencies that differ from the frequency of the active set.
- Inter-RAT measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels belonging to another radio access technology than UTRAN, e.g. PDC or GSM.
- Traffic volume measurements: measurements on uplink traffic volume.
- Quality measurements: Measurements of quality parameters, e.g. downlink transport block error rate.
- UE-internal measurements: Measurements of UE transmission power and UE received signal level.
- UE positioning measurements: Measurements of UE position.
The UE shall support a number of measurements running in parallel. The UE shall also support that each measurement is controlled and reported independently of every other measurement.
Cells that the UE is monitoring (e.g. for handover measurements) are grouped in the UE into three different categories:
1. Cells, which belong to the active set: User information is sent from all these cells. In FDD, the cells in the active set are involved in soft handover.
2. Cells, which are not included in the active set, but are monitored according to a neighbour list assigned by the UTRAN belong to the monitored set.
3. Cells detected by the UE, which are neither included in the active set nor in the monitored set belong to the detected set. Reporting of measurements of the detected set is only required for intra-frequency
measurements made by UEs in CELL_DCH state.
Measurement Control and Measurement Report
UTRAN controls the measurements in the UE, either by :
-broadcasting system information on the BCCH, and/or by
-transmitting a Measurement Control message on the DCCH.
If the UE is in the RRC idle mode, it receives relevant measurement information from the BCCH. The SIB type 3 contains parameters for cell selection and re-selection. In parallel, the SIB type 11 is used to deliver measurement
control information to the UE for the serving cell. SIB 3 and SIB 11are read and valid in the RRC idle state.
If the UE is in the RRC sub-states CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH, it is connected to one cell only and responsible for cell selection and re-selection. It retrieves the parameters for cell selection from SIB
type 4. The measurement control information is broadcasted with SIB type 12. SIB 4 and SIB 12 are read and valid, when the UE is in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH sub-state. If SIB 4 resp. SIB 12 is
not broadcasted, then SIB 3 resp. SIB 11 parameters are used instead. In the sub-state CELL_DCH, the UE is not reading the SIB type 3/4 and 11/12. The parameters of SIB 12 (SIB 11, if SIB is not available) can
be still valid in this state.
If the UE is in the RRC sub state CELL_DCH ,the RRC message Measurement Control can be transmitted to the UE. This message informs the UE about the type of measurement, which has to be conducted. Each
measurement command links a measurement with a measurement identity, quantity, objects, reporting quantities, reporting criteria, type, etc.
How does a UE perform measurements after a transition in the CELL_DCH state. Two cases have to be distinguished:
1. Transition from the RRC idle state to the CELL_DCH sub-state
In the RRC idle state, the UE retrieved the measurement control parameters from the SIB type 11. Information Elements, which contain intra-frequency, inter-frequency, inter-RAT and traffic volume measurement
system information, may be included in the SIB 11. If they are included, the UE can send a measurement report, when a measurement reporting criteria is fulfilled. As soon as the UE receives a Measurement
Control message including one of the above mentioned measurement types, it replaces its internal stored data based on the SIB11 by the parameters delivered with the Measurement Control message.
2.Transition from the CELL_FACH to the CELL_DCH sub-state.
In the CELL_FACH sub-state, the SIB 12 (or SIB 11, if there is no SIB 12) is valid including all relevant measurement control parameters. If the UE transits to the CELL_DCH sub-state, the system information stays
valid, as long as there was no Measurement Control message, which replaces the parameters. But what happens, if the UE was in the CELL_DCH sub-state, it has received Measurement Control messages, and
it then transits to the CELL_FACH sub-state. In the CELL_FACH sub-state, the UE reads SIB 12 (SIB 11), and its measurement control parameters become valid. But when the UE then transits back to the
CELL_DCH sub-state, the UE resumes with the measurements and associated reporting, as they they were stored before the transition to the CELL_FACH (or any other RRC connected) sub-state.
Measurement Control Contents
UTRAN may control a measurement in the UE either by broadcast system information and/or by transmitting a MEASUREMENT CONTROL message. The latter message includes the following measurement control
information:
1. Measurement identity: A reference number that should be used by the UTRAN when setting up, modifying or releasing the measurement and by the UE in the measurement report.
2. Measurement command: One out of three different measurement commands.
- Setup: Setup a new measurement.
- Modify: Modify a previously defined measurement, e.g. to change the reporting criteria.
- Release: Stop a measurement and clear all information in the UE that are related to that measurement.
3. Measurement type: One of the types listed above describing what the UE shall measure.Presence or absence of the following control information depends on the measurement type
4. Measurement objects: The objects the UE shall measure, and corresponding object information.
5. Measurement quantity: The quantity the UE shall measure. This also includes the filtering of the measurements.
6. Reporting quantities: The quantities the UE shall include in the report in addition to the quantities that are mandatory to report for the specific event.
7. Measurement reporting criteria: The triggering of the measurement report, e.g. periodical or event-triggered reporting.
8. Measurement Validity: Defines in which UE states the measurement is valid.
9. Measurement reporting mode: This specifies whether the UE shall transmit the measurement report using AM or UM RLC.
10. Additional measurement identities: A list of references to other measurements. When this measurement triggers a measurement report, the UE shall also include the reporting quantities for the measurements
referenced by the additional measurement identities.
The purpose of the measurement reporting procedure is to transfer measurement results from the UE to UTRAN.
Initiation:
In CELL_DCH state, the UE shall transmit a MEASUREMENT REPORT message on the uplink DCCH when the reporting criteria stored in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY are met for any ongoing
measurements that are being performed in the UE.
In CELL_FACH state, the UE shall transmit a MEASUREMENT REPORT message on the uplink DCCH when the reporting criteria stored in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY are met for any ongoing
traffic volume measurement that is being performed in the UE.
In CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the UE shall first perform the cell update procedure, using the cause "uplink data transmission", in order to transit to CELL_FACH state and then transmit a
MEASUREMENT REPORT message on the uplink DCCH when the reporting criteria stored in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY are fulfilled for any ongoing traffic volume measurement which is being
performed in the UE.
The reporting criteria are fulfilled if either:
- the first measurement has been completed for a newly initiated measurement with periodic reporting; or
- the time period indicated in the stored IE "Periodical reporting" has elapsed since the last measurement report was transmitted for a given measurement; or
- an event in stored IE "Measurement reporting criteria" was triggered. Events and triggering of reports for different measurement types
For the measurement, which triggered the MEASUREMENT REPORT message, the UE shall:
- set the IE "measurement identity" to the measurement identity, which is associated with that measurement in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY;
- set the IE "measured results" to include measurements according to the IE "reporting quantity" of that measurement stored in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY; and
--> if all the reporting quantities are set to "false": not set the IE "measured results";
- set the IE "Measured results" in the IE "Additional measured results" according to the IE "reporting quantity" for all measurements associated with the measurement identities included in the IE
"additional measurements" stored in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY of the measurement that triggered the measurement report; and
--> if more than one additional measured results are to be included:sort them in ascending order according to their IE "measurement identity" in the MEASUREMENT REPORT message;
- if the MEASUREMENT REPORT message was triggered by an event (i.e. not a periodical report):set the IE "Event results" according to the event that triggered the report.
The UE shall:
- transmit the MEASUREMENT REPORT message on the uplink DCCH using either AM or UM RLC according to the stored IE "measurement reporting mode" associated with the measurement identity
that triggered the report.
When the MEASUREMENT REPORT message has been submitted to lower layers for transmission:
-The procedure ends.
information:
Reception of Measurement Control by the UE
The UTRAN may request a measurement by the UE to be setup, modified or released with a MEASUREMENT CONTROL message, which is transmitted on the downlink DCCH using AM RLC.The UTRAN should take the UE
capabilities into account when a measurement is assigned to the UE.
When a new measurement is initiated, UTRAN should set the IE "Measurement identity" to a value, which is not used for other measurements. UTRAN may use several "Measurement identity" for the same "Measurement type". In case
of setting several "Measurement identity" within a same "Measurement type", "Measurement object" can be set differently for each measurement with different "Measurement identity ".
When a current measurement is modified or released, UTRAN should set the IE "Measurement identity" to the value, which is used for the measurement being modified or released. In case of modifying IEs within a "Measurement
identity", it is not needed for UTRAN to indicate the IEs other than modifying IEs, and the UE continues to use the current values of the IEs that are not modified.
Upon reception of a MEASUREMENT CONTROL message the UE shall perform following actions :
The UE shall:
- read the IE "Measurement command";
if the IE "measurement command" has the value "setup":
- store this measurement in the variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY according to the IE "measurement identity";
- for measurement types "inter-RAT measurement" or "inter-frequency measurement":
-->if, according to its measurement capabilities, the UE requires compressed mode to perform the measurements and a compressed mode pattern sequence with an appropriate measurement purpose is
simultaneously activated by the IE "DPCH compressed mode status info"; or
-->if, according to its measurement capabilities, the UE does not require compressed mode to perform the measurements: begin measurements according to the stored control information for this measurement
identity;
- for any other measurement type: begin measurements according to the stored control information for this measurement identity.
if the IE "Measurement command" has the value "modify":
- for all measurement control present in the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message:
--> replace the corresponding information stored in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY associated to the identity indicated by the IE "measurement identity";
--> resume the measurements according to the new stored measurement control information.
if the IE "measurement command" has the value "release":
- terminate the measurement associated with the identity given in the IE "measurement identity";
- clear all stored measurement control information related associated to this measurement identity in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY.
if the IE "DPCH Compressed Mode Status Info" is present, the UE shall:
- if pattern sequence corresponding to IE "TGPSI" is already active (according to "TGPS Status Flag"): deactivate this pattern sequence at the beginning of the frame indicated by IE "TGPS reconfiguration CFN"
received in the message;
- after the time indicated by IE "TGPS reconfiguration CFN" has elapsed:
-->activate the pattern sequence stored in the variable TGPS_IDENTITY corresponding to each IE "TGPSI" for which the "TGPS status flag" is set to "active" at the time indicated by IE "TGCFN"; and
-->begin the inter-frequency and/or inter-RAT measurements corresponding to the pattern sequence measurement purpose of each activated pattern sequence;
-->if the values of IE "TGPS reconfiguration CFN" and IE "TGCFN" are equal:start the concerned pattern sequence immediately at that CFN;
- not alter pattern sequences stored in variable TGPS_IDENTITY, but not identitifed in IE "TGPSI"
- clear the entry for the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message in the table "Accepted transactions" in the variable TRANSACTIONS;
- And the procedure ends.
Measurement Report Procedures
Initiation:
The UE shall:
Measurement procedures
The UE measurements are grouped into 7 different categories, according to what the UE should measure. (TS 25.331-360)
The different types of measurements are:
- Intra-frequency measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels at the same frequency as the active set.
- Inter-frequency measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels at frequencies that differ from the frequency of the active set.
- Inter-RAT measurements: measurements on downlink physical channels belonging to another radio access technology than UTRAN, e.g. PDC or GSM.
- Traffic volume measurements: measurements on uplink traffic volume.
- Quality measurements: Measurements of quality parameters, e.g. downlink transport block error rate.
- UE-internal measurements: Measurements of UE transmission power and UE received signal level.
- UE positioning measurements: Measurements of UE position.
The UE shall support a number of measurements running in parallel. The UE shall also support that each measurement is controlled and reported independently of every other measurement.
Cells that the UE is monitoring (e.g. for handover measurements) are grouped in the UE into three different categories:
1. Cells, which belong to the active set: User information is sent from all these cells. In FDD, the cells in the active set are involved in soft handover.
2. Cells, which are not included in the active set, but are monitored according to a neighbour list assigned by the UTRAN belong to the monitored set.
3. Cells detected by the UE, which are neither included in the active set nor in the monitored set belong to the detected set. Reporting of measurements of the detected set is only required for intra-frequency
measurements made by UEs in CELL_DCH state.
Measurement Control and Measurement Report
There is a set of different types of measurements, which can be conducted:
-Intra-Frequency Measurements
-Inter-Frequency Measurements
-Inter-RAT Measurements
-UE-Internal Measurements
-Traffic Volume Measurements
-Quality Measurements
-UE Positioning Methods
As a consequence, a UE may be forced to conduct several different types of measurements
simultaneously. Each type of measurement is identified by an allocated Measurement Identity.
Some measurements are not conducted continuously.
UTRAN tells the UE once, how to perform a type of measurements. Whenever necessary, it just
informs the UE to conduct the measurements of a measurement type by just telling it
the associated measurement identity.
In the RRC message Measurement Control, the is an PhyCH information elements, where
the UE can gain DPCH compressed mode status information
Measurement Control Contents
information:
The Measurement Control is used to setup, to modify, and to release a measurement in the UE.
The UE gets all relevant information, how to perform a specific type of measurements. A measurement is either
conducted periodically or driven by an event. Then, the UE returns a measurement report. The Measurement
Control message is transmitted on a DCCH via an RLC entity in the acknowledged mode. I.e. the UE is either in
the RRC connected sub-state CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH. If the setup of a measurement fails, the UE returns
the RRC message Measurement Control Failure. It is transmitted on an UL DCCH via an RLC entity in the acknowledged
mode.
The RRC message Measurement Report was specified to deliver measurement results from the UE to UTRAN
(RNC). This message is transmitted on a DCCH. The RLC entity can be in the acknowledged or unacknowledged
mode. The RLC entity mode is set by the RRC message Measurement Control. Measurement results can be only
transmitted in the CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH sub-state.
- CELL_DCH: If a reporting criterion is met, the UE transmits a Measurement Report. A measurement identity
identifies the measurement as specified by UTRAN. It includes measurement quantities and identifies the
measurement event.
-CELL_FACH: In this sub-state, traffic volume measurements and positioning measurements are reported by the
UE. Intra-frequency measurements are reported via the RACH, whereby the UE learns from the BCCH (SIB11 or
SIB12) the maximum numbers of cells, it can report.
-CELL_PCH or URA_PCH: UE must perform a cell update. Cell update cause is uplink data transmission. Then
they are in the CELL_FACH state, where the Measurement Report can be sent. The measurement report either
holds traffic volume measurements or positioning measurements.
Initiation:
The UE shall:
information:
Reception of Measurement Control by the UE
The UTRAN may request a measurement by the UE to be setup, modified or released with a MEASUREMENT CONTROL message, which is transmitted on the downlink DCCH using AM RLC.The UTRAN should take the UE
capabilities into account when a measurement is assigned to the UE.
When a new measurement is initiated, UTRAN should set the IE "Measurement identity" to a value, which is not used for other measurements. UTRAN may use several "Measurement identity" for the same "Measurement type". In case
of setting several "Measurement identity" within a same "Measurement type", "Measurement object" can be set differently for each measurement with different "Measurement identity ".
When a current measurement is modified or released, UTRAN should set the IE "Measurement identity" to the value, which is used for the measurement being modified or released. In case of modifying IEs within a "Measurement
identity", it is not needed for UTRAN to indicate the IEs other than modifying IEs, and the UE continues to use the current values of the IEs that are not modified.
Upon reception of a MEASUREMENT CONTROL message the UE shall perform following actions :
The UE shall:
- read the IE "Measurement command";
if the IE "measurement command" has the value "setup":
- store this measurement in the variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY according to the IE "measurement identity";
- for measurement types "inter-RAT measurement" or "inter-frequency measurement":
-->if, according to its measurement capabilities, the UE requires compressed mode to perform the measurements and a compressed mode pattern sequence with an appropriate measurement purpose is
simultaneously activated by the IE "DPCH compressed mode status info"; or
-->if, according to its measurement capabilities, the UE does not require compressed mode to perform the measurements: begin measurements according to the stored control information for this measurement
identity;
- for any other measurement type: begin measurements according to the stored control information for this measurement identity.
if the IE "Measurement command" has the value "modify":
- for all measurement control present in the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message:
--> replace the corresponding information stored in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY associated to the identity indicated by the IE "measurement identity";
--> resume the measurements according to the new stored measurement control information.
if the IE "measurement command" has the value "release":
- terminate the measurement associated with the identity given in the IE "measurement identity";
- clear all stored measurement control information related associated to this measurement identity in variable MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY.
if the IE "DPCH Compressed Mode Status Info" is present, the UE shall:
- if pattern sequence corresponding to IE "TGPSI" is already active (according to "TGPS Status Flag"): deactivate this pattern sequence at the beginning of the frame indicated by IE "TGPS reconfiguration CFN"
received in the message;
- after the time indicated by IE "TGPS reconfiguration CFN" has elapsed:
-->activate the pattern sequence stored in the variable TGPS_IDENTITY corresponding to each IE "TGPSI" for which the "TGPS status flag" is set to "active" at the time indicated by IE "TGCFN"; and
-->begin the inter-frequency and/or inter-RAT measurements corresponding to the pattern sequence measurement purpose of each activated pattern sequence;
-->if the values of IE "TGPS reconfiguration CFN" and IE "TGCFN" are equal:start the concerned pattern sequence immediately at that CFN;
- not alter pattern sequences stored in variable TGPS_IDENTITY, but not identitifed in IE "TGPSI"
- clear the entry for the MEASUREMENT CONTROL message in the table "Accepted transactions" in the variable TRANSACTIONS;
- And the procedure ends.
Measurement Report Procedures
Out-of-sync state In-sync state Initial state RL Restore RL Restore RL Failure
Initiation:
The UE shall:
Out-of-sync state In-sync state Initial state RL Restore RL Restore RL Failure
"Or"
Paging Message Type 1
Paging
In UTRAN, we distinguish two different types of paging, depending on the existence of a RL connection between UE and UTRAN.
Paging Type 1 -The RRC message Paging Type 1 is used, when a paging message has to be transmitted to a UE, which is either in the RRC idle mode, or in the RRC connected mode sub-states
CELL_PCH or URA_PCH. There are several reasons, why this paging message type is initiated.
-Upper layers request the setup of an RRC signalling connection. This may be the cause, when a paging message from the CN has to be forwarded to the UE. . In this case, the UE adds the IE Paging
Cause to the the paging message. Higher layers may also initiate paging, when user data has to be transmitted on an existing ps connection (PMM-IDLE or PMM-CONNECTED). UTRAN has to page the
UEs in the CELL_PCH and URA_PCH sub-states to establish a connection before forwarding the user data.
-UTRAN wants to trigger a cell update for UEs in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH sub-state.
-UTRAN wants to notify UEs in the RRC idle mode and in the RRC connected mode CELL_PCH and URA_PCH about system information changes.
The UE monitors the paging channels (S-CCPCHs carrying PCCH) on all paging occasions. If the UE receives a paging message, it reads the UE identity to check, whether it is the receiver of the
message. If so, it returns a paging response. The UTRAN may repeat the transmission of a PAGING TYPE 1 message to a UE on several paging occasions message on an appropriate paging
occasion on the to increase the probability of proper reception of a page
Paging Type 2- This RRC message is used, when the UE is in the CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state, i.e., when at least dedicated control channel resources were allocated to the UE.
One example: The user is serving in the Internet, and due to the high download, the RNC has allocated one DDCH and one DCCH to the user. Consequently, a connection between the UE and the 3G-
SGSN exists, and between the two network elements, dedicated transmission resources are available for the user. While the subscriber is serving, he receives a call. The 3G-MSC is sending a paging
message to all RNCs, which participate in the LA where the UE is registered. This paging message is received by a RNC, which is currently serving the UE. It then uses the existing DCCH to forward the
paging request to the UE. Therefore, Paging Type 2 is often called dedicated paging.
Paging includes CN orignated paging and UTRAN originated paging
The CN originated paging precedure: is used to establish a signaling connection. It is divided into co-ordination paging
and non co-ordination paging. The CN indicates in the RANAP paging message whether the RNC shall
perform the UTRAN co-ordination paging
-Co-ordination paging, the RNC shall check whether the UE has other CN domain signaling connections
besides the paging domain connection. If so and the UE is in Cell_DCH or Cell_FACH state, the paging
message shall be transmitted on the already connected DCCH on the radio interface. if so and the UE is in Cell_PCH or
URA_PCH state,the paging message shall be transmitted on the PCCH on the radio interface. If no, the paging message
shall be transmitted on the PCCH.
-Non-co-ordinating paging, the RNC need not check whether the UE has other CN domain signaling connections
besides the paging domain connection but directly transmit the paging message on the PCCH in the CN
specified paging area.
The UTRAN orignated paing : The UTRAN may initiate paging for a UE in Cell_PCH or URA_PCH state to trgiger
a cell update procedure to enable the transition to Cell_FACH state. In additon,the UTRAN may initiate paging for
a UE to trigger reading of updated system information.
For a UE in idle mode or in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the RNC initiates the paging procedure by transmitting
a PAGING TYPE 1 message on the PCCH. For a UE in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH state, the RNC initiates the
paging procedure by transmitting a PAGING TYPE 2 message on the DCCH
Click to return to main page Paging Message Type 2
>>Paging Procedure and Parameters Description (Module II)
Paging
In UTRAN, we distinguish two different types of paging, depending on the existence of a RL connection between UE and UTRAN.
Paging Type 1 -The RRC message Paging Type 1 is used, when a paging message has to be transmitted to a UE, which is either in the RRC idle mode, or in the RRC connected mode sub-states
CELL_PCH or URA_PCH. There are several reasons, why this paging message type is initiated.
-Upper layers request the setup of an RRC signalling connection. This may be the cause, when a paging message from the CN has to be forwarded to the UE. . In this case, the UE adds the IE Paging
Cause to the the paging message. Higher layers may also initiate paging, when user data has to be transmitted on an existing ps connection (PMM-IDLE or PMM-CONNECTED). UTRAN has to page the
UEs in the CELL_PCH and URA_PCH sub-states to establish a connection before forwarding the user data.
-UTRAN wants to trigger a cell update for UEs in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH sub-state.
-UTRAN wants to notify UEs in the RRC idle mode and in the RRC connected mode CELL_PCH and URA_PCH about system information changes.
The UE monitors the paging channels (S-CCPCHs carrying PCCH) on all paging occasions. If the UE receives a paging message, it reads the UE identity to check, whether it is the receiver of the
message. If so, it returns a paging response. The UTRAN may repeat the transmission of a PAGING TYPE 1 message to a UE on several paging occasions message on an appropriate paging
occasion on the to increase the probability of proper reception of a page
Paging Type 2- This RRC message is used, when the UE is in the CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state, i.e., when at least dedicated control channel resources were allocated to the UE.
One example: The user is serving in the Internet, and due to the high download, the RNC has allocated one DDCH and one DCCH to the user. Consequently, a connection between the UE and the 3G-
SGSN exists, and between the two network elements, dedicated transmission resources are available for the user. While the subscriber is serving, he receives a call. The 3G-MSC is sending a paging
message to all RNCs, which participate in the LA where the UE is registered. This paging message is received by a RNC, which is currently serving the UE. It then uses the existing DCCH to forward the
paging request to the UE. Therefore, Paging Type 2 is often called dedicated paging.
Paging includes CN orignated paging and UTRAN originated paging
The CN originated paging precedure: is used to establish a signaling connection. It is divided into co-ordination paging
and non co-ordination paging. The CN indicates in the RANAP paging message whether the RNC shall
perform the UTRAN co-ordination paging
-Co-ordination paging, the RNC shall check whether the UE has other CN domain signaling connections
besides the paging domain connection. If so and the UE is in Cell_DCH or Cell_FACH state, the paging
message shall be transmitted on the already connected DCCH on the radio interface. if so and the UE is in Cell_PCH or
URA_PCH state,the paging message shall be transmitted on the PCCH on the radio interface. If no, the paging message
shall be transmitted on the PCCH.
-Non-co-ordinating paging, the RNC need not check whether the UE has other CN domain signaling connections
besides the paging domain connection but directly transmit the paging message on the PCCH in the CN
specified paging area.
The UTRAN orignated paing : The UTRAN may initiate paging for a UE in Cell_PCH or URA_PCH state to trgiger
a cell update procedure to enable the transition to Cell_FACH state. In additon,the UTRAN may initiate paging for
a UE to trigger reading of updated system information.
For a UE in idle mode or in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the RNC initiates the paging procedure by transmitting
a PAGING TYPE 1 message on the PCCH. For a UE in CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH state, the RNC initiates the
paging procedure by transmitting a PAGING TYPE 2 message on the DCCH
1
2
1.
2.
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
System Scheduling Block 2 (SB2)
System Information Block 2 (SIB2)
System Information Block (SIB)
System Information (3GPP-25.331)
Master Information Block (MIB)
Scheduling Block (SB)
According to 3GPP,there are total 18 SIBs , however in Huawei RAN 10, the
SIBs 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11 are support. The optional SIBs-2,4,12 and 18 can be added
by cell parameter "SIB switch". Below show example of MML commaned,
CELLSIBSWITCH:CELLID=X, SIBCFGBITMAP=SIB2-1&SIB4-1&SIB12-
1&SIB18-1;
(The SIB switch is only valid for SIB2,SIB4,SIB12 and SIB18)
System Information Structure
The system information is organised as a tree. A Master
Information Block(MIB) gives references and scheduling information to
a number of system information blocks in a cell. The System
Information Blocks (SIBs) contain the actual system information. The
master information block may optionally also contain reference and
scheduling information to one or two scheduling blocks(SBs), which give
references and scheduling information for additional system information
blocks. Scheduling information for a system information block may only
be included in either the master information block or one of the
scheduling blocks.
1. For a SIB containing dynamic parameters (SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB14, and
SIB17), the scheduling occasion information is described in the scheduling
information included in MIB or SB. The UE regularly reads the SIB on each
occasion based on Timer
2. For a SIB containing static parameters (SIB1SIB6, SIB10SIB13, SIB15,
SIB16, and SIB18) is identified by a value tag. A value tag is included in MIB or
SB as a part of the scheduling information. The UE checks whether the value tag
for a SIB is different from that for the SIB the UE last reads.If so, the UE shall re-
read the SIB. Therefore, the UE can know by monitoring the MIB whether a SIB
containing static parameters is updated
System Information Monitor Mechanism
System Information Broadcast
UTRAN sends a SYSTEM INFORMATION message to UE . The message
contain the scheduling information, area scope, system information content and
so on.
The RRC layer in UTRAN performs segmentation and concatenation of encoded
system information blocks. If the encoded system information blocks is larger
than the size of a SYSTEM INFORMATION message,
it will be segmented and transmitted in several messages.
If the encoded system information blocks is smaller than the size of a SYSTEM
INFORMATION message, UTRAN may concatenate several system information
blocks, or the first segment or the last segment into the same message
The UE shall read SYSTEM INFORMATION messages broadcast on a
BCH transport channel in idle mode and in the connected mode in states
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH and CELL_DCH (TDD only).
In addition, UEs which support simultaneous reception of one SCCPCH and one
DPCH shall read system information on a FACH transport channel when in
CELL_DCH state .
In Idle mode and connected mode different combinations of SIBs are valid. The
UE may store SIBs for different cells and different PLMNs for
later use when the UE returns to these cells or PLMNs
System Information Update
The system information is organised as a tree. A Master
Information Block(MIB) gives references and scheduling information to
a number of system information blocks in a cell. The System
Information Blocks (SIBs) contain the actual system information. The
master information block may optionally also contain reference and
scheduling information to one or two scheduling blocks(SBs), which give
references and scheduling information for additional system information
blocks. Scheduling information for a system information block may only
be included in either the master information block or one of the
scheduling blocks.
System Information ( )
UE
Node B
UTRAN
RNC
NBAP: BCCH
Each step is explained as follows:
1) The RNC sends a NBAP: SYSTEM INFORMATION UPDATE REQUEST
message to the associated NodeB, requesting for system information broadcst.
2) The NodeB returns a NBAP:SYSTEM INFORMATION UPDATE RESPONSE
message to the RNC,confirming the system information broadcast
3) 4) 5) The NodeB sends SYSTEM INFORMATION messages on the air
interface
System information block Area scope
Master information block Cell
Scheduling block 1
Scheduling block 2
System information block type 1 PLMN
System information block type 2 Cell
System information block type 13.1 Cell
System information block type 15.3 PLMN
System information block type 16 PLMN
Cell
System Information Block type 18 Cell
Additonal Information
There is a huge amount of SIBs, which have to be read by the UE. This requires a lot of battery power. Therefore, a Master Information Block (MIB) was introduced, which gives
references and scheduling information about the SIBs. The MIB is transmitted in every 8th radio frame on the P-CCPCH (on position SFN mod 8 = 0, and with a TTI of 20 ms).
For most of the SIBs used within the system, the MIB may carry a value tag. The only exceptions are SIB 15.2, SIB 15.3 and SIB 16. If a value tag is unchanged, the
corresponding system information has not been modified. Thus, there is no need for the UE to read the SIB. For the SIBs which have no value tag e.g. SIB7, It changes with
each occurrence (based on Timer). Scheduling information is used to inform the UE, where and when a specific system information is transmitted.
There are two ways of notifying a UE of system information modification: by a value tag and by a timer
1) Notification by a Value Tag
For SIBs using value tags, UTRAN should notify the new value tag for the MIB to the UE.
- To notify a UE in idle mode, CELL_PCH state or URA_PCH state, UTRAN send a PAGING TYPE 1 message on the PCCH on all paging occasions in the cell to
transmit the new MIB value tag.
- To notify a UE in CELL_FACH state, UTRAN sends a SYSTEM INFORMATION CHANGE INDICATION message on the BCCH to transmit the new MIB value tag.
Upon reception of the PAGING TYPE 1 message or SYSTEM INFORMATCHANGE INDICATION message from UTRAN, the UE shall read the changed information
according to the new MIB value tag.
2) Notification by a Timer
Other types of SIBs have timers respectively. When the timer expires, the UE shall consider the stored system information content invalid,start the timer, and re-acquire
new SIB information. Notification by a Timer consider the stored system information content invalid, start the timer, and re-acquire new SIB information. The UE may
postpone reading the SIB until the content is needed
Please note, that UEs in the CELL_DCH sub-state are addressed directly by the RNC via the Measurement Control message
Actions upon reception of the Master Information Block and Scheduling Block(s):
When selecting a new cell, the UE shall read the master information block. The UE may use the pre-defined scheduling information to locate the master information
block in the cell.
Action upon reception of the master information block, the UE shall:
1. if the "PLMN type" in the variable SELECTED_PLMN has the value "GSM-MAP" and the IE "PLMN Type" has the value "GSM-MAP" or "GSM-MAP and ANSI-41",:
- check the IE "PLMN identity" in the master information block and verify that it is the selected PLMN, stored as "PLMN identity" in the variable SELECTED_PLMN.
- if the "PLMN type" in the variable SELECTED_PLMN has the value "ANSI-41 "and the IE "PLMN Type" has the value "ANSI-41" or "GSM-MAP and ANSI-41",:
- store the ANSI-41 Information
2.compare the value tag in the master information block with the value tag stored for this cell and this PLMN in the variable VALUE_TAG.
3.if the value tags differ, or if no IEs for the master information block are stored: store the value tag into the variable VALUE_TAG for the master information block; read
and store scheduling information included in the master information block;
4. if the value tags are the same the UE may use stored system information blocks and scheduling blocks using value tag that were stored in this cell and this PLMN as
valid system information.
For all system information blocks or scheduling blocks that are supported by the UE referenced in the master information block or the scheduling blocks, the UE
shall perform the following actions:
1.for all system information blocks with area scope PLMN that use value tags:
->compare the value tag read in scheduling information for that system information block with the value stored within the variable VALUE_TAG for that system
information block;
- if the value tags differ, or if no IEs for the corresponding system information block are stored,:store the value tag read in scheduling information for that system
information block into the variable VALUE_TAG; read and store the IEs of that system information block.
- if the value tags are the same ,the UE may use stored system information blocks using value tag that were stored in this PLMN as valid system information.
2 for all system information blocks or scheduling blocks with area scope cell that use value tags:
-> compare the value tag read in scheduling information for that system information block or scheduling block with the value stored within the variable VALUE_TAG for
that system information block or scheduling block;
- if the value tags differ, or if no IEs for the corresponding system information block or scheduling block are stored,store the value tag read in scheduling information for
that system information block or scheduling block into the variable VALUE_TAG; read and store the IEs of that system information block or scheduling block;
- if the value tags are the same, the UE may use stored system information blocks using value tags that were stored in this cell and this PLMN as valid system
information.
For system information blocks, not supported by the UE, but referenced either in the master information block or in the scheduling blocks, the UE may
- skip reading this system information block;
- skip monitoring changes to this system information block
Actions upon reception of system information blocks:
The UE may use the scheduling information included within the master information block and the scheduling blocks to locate each system information block to be
acquired.
The UE should only expect one occurrence of the scheduling information for a system information block in the master information block and any of the scheduling blocks.
However, to enable future introduction of new system information blocks, the UE shall also be able to receive system information blocks other than the ones indicated
within the scheduling information. The UE may ignore contents of such system information block.
If the UE
- receives a system information block in a position according to the scheduling information for the system information block; and
- this system information block uses a value tag according to the system information block type
the UE shall:
- store the content of the system information block together with the value of its value tag in the scheduling information for the system information block; and
- consider the content of the system information block valid until, if used, the value tag in the scheduling information for the system information block is changed or at
most for 6 hours after reception.
If the UE
- this system information block does not use a value tag according to the system information block type
the UE shall:
- store the content of the system information block; and
- start an expiration timer for that system information block type; and
- consider the content of the system information block valid until, the expiration timer expires.
If the UE
- receives a system information block at a position different from its position according to the scheduling information for the system information block; or
- receives a system information block for which scheduling information has not been received; and
the UE may:
- store the content of the system information block with a value tag set to the value NULL; and
- consider the content of the system information block as valid until it receives the same type of system information block in a position according to its scheduling
information or at most for 6 hours after reception.
If the UE does not find a scheduling block in a position where it should be according to its scheduling information, but a transport block with correct CRC was found
at that position, the UE shall read the scheduling information for this scheduling block.
If the UE does not find the master information block in a position fulfilling (SFN mod (MIB_REP*4) = 0),(but a transport block with correct CRC was found at that position),
the UE shall,
- consider the master information block as not found.
- consider the cell to be barred according to [4] and
- consider the barred cell as using the value "allowed" in the IE "Intra-frequency cell re-selection indicator", and the maximum value in the IE "Tbarred".
System Information Modification Notification
block in the cell.
information block;
information.
acquired.
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE may:
the UE shall,
block in the cell.
information block;
information.
acquired.
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE may:
the UE shall,
Main Functions
The MIB informs the UE about the supported PLMN types and the PLMN identity. The UE finds in the MIB also references to up to maxSIB
(=32) SIBs, including their scheduling information and type. A MIB is valid in one cell. If a UE changes the cell, is must read the new cells
MIB. A change of the MIB information is indicated by a value tag.
This SIB is used to inform the UE about NAS system information. The NAS system information characterises the NAS domains. SIB 1 also
delivers UE timers and counters, which have to be used by the UE in the RRC idle and RRC connected mode
includes URA information.
includes relevant parameters for cell selection and re-selection. It also holds the cell identity and cell restriction data, such as cell barred IEs.
SIB 3 valid in the RRC connected , if SIB 4 is not broadcasted.
This SIB holds mostly the same data fields as SIB 3, but it is read and valid only, when the UE is in the RRC connected mode
includes the configuration of physical channels. The parameters cover the PICH power offset, the AICH power offset, P-CCPCH, S-CCPCH
and PRACH system information lists. It is read and valid in the RRC connected mode , if SIB 6 is not available.
includes rapidly changed parameters (UL interference and dynamic persistence level. This SIB holds fast changing parameters. Therefore no
value tag is used for it. The UE has to read its parameters periodically
includes static CPCH information of cell. Only in used FDD
includes CPCH information of cell. Only used in FDD
includes UE DCH information controlled by DRAC process. Only used in FDD
includes measurement control information of cell. The UE gets here the relevant date for traffic measurement, intra-frequency measurements,
etc. It is also valid in the RRC sub-state CELL_DCH, as long as the UE did not get a Measurement Control message from UTRAN and SIB 12
is not broadcasted
includes UL outer loop control parameters of common and dedicated physical channels. Only used in TDD
includes parameters of radio bearer, transport channel and physical channel. These parameters are stored in UE (either in idle mode or
connected mode). It used when UE is switched to UTRAN. RB, The parameters are used during a handover to UTRAN. Consequently, these
parameters stay valid, when the UE is connected to GSM and GPRS.
includes the rapid changed parameters used to configure the shared physical channel in connected mode. Only used in TDD.
The master information block may optionally also contain reference and scheduling information to one or two scheduling blocks (SBs), which
give references and scheduling information for additional system information blocks. (The SBs are applied when the scheduling resources of
MIB are insufficient) Scheduling information for a system information block may only be included in either the master information block or one
of the scheduling blocks
includes ANSI-41 relevant information
includes information on UE-based or UE-assisted positioning method
includes PLMN identity of neighbor cell
There is a huge amount of SIBs, which have to be read by the UE. This requires a lot of battery power. Therefore, a Master Information Block (MIB) was introduced, which gives
references and scheduling information about the SIBs. The MIB is transmitted in every 8th radio frame on the P-CCPCH (on position SFN mod 8 = 0, and with a TTI of 20 ms).
For most of the SIBs used within the system, the MIB may carry a value tag. The only exceptions are SIB 15.2, SIB 15.3 and SIB 16. If a value tag is unchanged, the
corresponding system information has not been modified. Thus, there is no need for the UE to read the SIB. For the SIBs which have no value tag e.g. SIB7, It changes with
each occurrence (based on Timer). Scheduling information is used to inform the UE, where and when a specific system information is transmitted.
There are two ways of notifying a UE of system information modification: by a value tag and by a timer
1) Notification by a Value Tag
For SIBs using value tags, UTRAN should notify the new value tag for the MIB to the UE.
- To notify a UE in idle mode, CELL_PCH state or URA_PCH state, UTRAN send a PAGING TYPE 1 message on the PCCH on all paging occasions in the cell to
transmit the new MIB value tag.
- To notify a UE in CELL_FACH state, UTRAN sends a SYSTEM INFORMATION CHANGE INDICATION message on the BCCH to transmit the new MIB value tag.
Upon reception of the PAGING TYPE 1 message or SYSTEM INFORMATCHANGE INDICATION message from UTRAN, the UE shall read the changed information
according to the new MIB value tag.
2) Notification by a Timer
Other types of SIBs have timers respectively. When the timer expires, the UE shall consider the stored system information content invalid,start the timer, and re-acquire
new SIB information. Notification by a Timer consider the stored system information content invalid, start the timer, and re-acquire new SIB information. The UE may
postpone reading the SIB until the content is needed
Please note, that UEs in the CELL_DCH sub-state are addressed directly by the RNC via the Measurement Control message
block in the cell.
information block;
information.
acquired.
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE may:
the UE shall,
System Information Modification Notification
block in the cell.
information block;
information.
acquired.
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE may:
the UE shall,
block in the cell.
information block;
information.
acquired.
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE shall:
If the UE
the UE may:
the UE shall,
UE mode/state when block is valid UE mode/state when block is read
Idle mode,CELL_FACH,CELL_PCH, URA_PCH Idle mode,CELL_FACH,CELL_PCH, URA_PCH
Idle mode,CELL_FACH,CELL_PCH,
URA_PCH,CELL_DCH
Idle
URA_PCH URA_PCH
Idle mode, (CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH) Idle mode, (CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH)
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH
Idle mode, (CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH,
CELL_DCH (TDD only))
Idle mode, (CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH,
CELL_DCH (TDD only))
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH, CELL_DCH
(TDD only)
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH, CELL_DCH
(TDD only)
Idle mode, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH,
CELL_DCH (TDD only)
CELL_DCH (TDD only)
CELL_DCH CELL_DCH
Idle mode (CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH,
CELL_DCH)
Idle mode (CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH)
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH, CELL_DCH CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH
Idle Mode, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH Idle Mode, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH
Idle Mode, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH,
CELL_DCH
Idle Mode, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH,
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH, CELL_DCH CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH, CELL_DCH
CELL_DCH
Idle mode, CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, URA_PCH
Scheduling information
Modification of system
information
SIB_POS = 0,SIB_REP = 8 (FDD),SIB_REP = 8, 16, 32
(TDD),SIB_OFF=2
Value tag
Specified by the IE "Scheduling information" in MIB Value tag
Specified by the IE "Scheduling information" in MIB Value tag
Specified by the IE "Scheduling information" Value tag
Specified by the IE "Scheduling information"
Expiration timer = MAX([320
ms],SIB_REP *
ExpirationTimeFactor)
Specified by the IE "Scheduling information" Expiration timer = SIB_REP
Specified by the IE "Scheduling information"
Expiration timer = MAX([320
ms], SIB_REP *
ExpirationTimeFactor)
Additional comment
If System information block type 4 is not broadcast in a cell, the
connected mode UE shall read System information block type 3
If system information block type 6 is not broadcast in a cell, the
connected mode UE shall read System information block type 5.
In TDD mode system information block type 7 shall only be read in
CELL_DCH if shared transport channels are assigned to the UE.
If some of the optional IEs are not included in System information block
type 12, the UE shall read the corresponding IEs in System information
block type 11.
This system information block is used in TDD mode only.
For this system information block there may be multiple occurrences
This system information block is used in TDD mode only.
value=hex2dec(0)=0 , hex2dec(1)=1 -->MNC=01
Master Information Block (MIB)
value=0000000010110111011110010010 => RNCid=bin2dec(000000001011)=11 and Cellid=bin2dec(0111011110010010)=30610
value=2dB(step of 2 dB)
System Information Block 2 (SIB 2)
value=-18dBm
value= ((-58*2)+1)= 115 dBm e.g. 57 means 113 dBm; ; 13 means -25 dBm
value=1s(step of 1s)
value=24dBm
value=33dBm
value=-20dBm
value=20attempts
value=8attempts
value=
Value=IntraFreqMeasurement is based on CPICH Ec/No
System Information Block 11(SIB 11)
value=hex2dec(3b)=59 (Serving Cell's Primary Scrambling Code)
value=hex2dec(43)=67(Neighbour Cell's Primary Scrambling Code)
Value=InterRATMeasurement
value=0dB
value=BSIC=32
value=GSM1800
value=BCCH=516
value=hex2dec(5)=5 , hex2dec(2)=2 ,hex2dec(0)=0 -->MCC=520
value=3000ms
value=3
value=40ms
value=40ms
value=0
value=250ms
value=6s
value=50
value=20s
value=30s
value=infinity
value=2000ms
value=3
value=6s
value=1
value=hex2dec(0065)=101
Cell Identity=RNCid(12bits)+Cellid(16bits)
>>>Cell Selection and Reselection Algorithm and parameters description (Module II)
value=-18dBm
value=1s(step of 1s)
value=24dBm
value=-7dB (relative to the PCPICH)
value=-6dB (relative to the PCPICH)
>>>Cell Access Restriction parameters description (Module II)
>>>Cell Channel Power Configuration Parameters (Module II)
>>>Access Precedures and parameters description (Module II)
value=33dBm
value=-20dBm
value=20attempts
value=8attempts
value=
>>>Open Loop Power Control Algorithm and parameters description (Module II)
value=-105dBm
Value=InterFreqMeasurement is unavailable
Value=IntraFreqMeasurement is based on CPICH Ec/No
>>>IntrafreqMeasurement description (Module II)
>>>see "Parameters description"
value=hex2dec(3b)=59 (Serving Cell's Primary Scrambling Code)
value=hex2dec(43)=67(Neighbour Cell's Primary Scrambling Code)
Value=InterRATMeasurement
value=0dB
value=BSIC=32
value=GSM1800
value=BCCH=516
2.NBAP:Radio Link Setup Req
3.NBAP:Radio Link Setup Resp.
NBAP:Synchonization Indicator
1.RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (MM: Location Update Request)
5.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer
Start Tx
6.RRC: RRC Connection Setup (FACH)
L1 Synchonization
1.RRC: RRC Connection Release
L3 Messages - Location Update Procedure
UE NodeB S-RNC
1.RRC: RRC Connection Request (RACH)
Start Rx
5.ALCAP: Iub User Plane Setup
4.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (MM: Location Update Accept)
7.RRC: RRC Connection Setup Completed (DCH)
ALCAP: Iu User Plane Release
2.RRC: RRC Connection Release Complete
Optional : Authentication and Securitty Mode Control may exist depends on Operator's setting (refer to signaling in AMR call
3.NBAP: Radio Link Deletion
Request
Response
ALCAP: Iub User Plane Release
Note the following information about the procedure :
1.The RRC connection can be set up on a DCH or a CCH. This procedure takes the RRC connection set
up on the DCH as an example.
2 If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iub interface after
radio links are set up or deleted.
2.RANAP: Initial UE Message (MM: Location Update Request)
3.RANAP: Direct Transfer (MM: Location Update Accept)
6.RANAP: Direct Transfer
1.RANAP: Iu Release Command
2..RANAP: Iu Release Complete
L3 Messages - Location Update Procedure
S-RNC
>>RRC Procedure description
CN
RRC Connection Setup
Location Update
Iu release

Optional : Authentication and Securitty Mode Control may exist depends on Operator's setting (refer to signaling in AMR call precedures)

RRC connection Release
The Iu release procedure is performed for the CN to release an Iu connection and all the UTRAN resources related only to that Iu connection.
Triggering Conditions: The Iu release procedure can be triggered in one of the following conditions: The transaction between the UE and the CN is complete,The UTRAN requests the CN to release the resources on the Iu interface by, for
example,sending an IU RELEASE REQUEST message,The Serving Radio Network Subsystem (SRNS) is relocated.4.The SRNS relocation is canceled after a relocation resource allocation procedure iscomplete.
The procedure shown is described as follows:
1.The CN sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNC to initiate the Iu release procedure. The message indicates the cause for the release of the signaling connection.
NOTE After sending the IU RELEASE COMMAND message, the CN will not send further RANAP connection-oriented messages on this particular connection.
2.The SRNC releases the related UTRAN resources and then sends an IU RELEASE COMPLETE message to the CN.
The location update procedure is performed to update the location of a UE.
Triggering Conditions : An RRC connection is set up between the UE and the Serving RNC (SRNC)
The procedure is described as follows:
1.The UE sends an INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC through the RRC connection. The message contains the Non Access Stratum (NAS) information to be sent to the CN by the UE.
2.The SRNC sends an INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the CS service domain of the CN through the Iu interface. The message indicates LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST and containsthe UE information, such as the Temporary
Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI),International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), and Location Area Identity (LAI).The SRNC sends an INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the PS service domain of the CN throughthe Iu interface for
routing area update. The message indicates ATTACH REQUEST and contains the Routing Area Identity (RAI)
3.The CN updates the location area information of the UE and saves the new LAI. The CN might also perform authentication and ciphering. Then, the CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message
indicates LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT and contains the TMSI that is assigned to the UE.For routing area update, the CN updates the routing area information of the UE and savesthe new RAI. The CN might also perform
authentication and ciphering. Then, the CN sendsa DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicates ATTACH ACCEPTand contains the TMSI that is assigned to the UE
4.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the DIRECT TRANSFER message to the UE through a DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message.
5.The UE receives the LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT information and sends an UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message contains the information suchas the NAS information and the CN ID.For routing
area update, it is the ATTACH ACCEPT information that the UE receives.
6.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message. The DIRECT TRANSFER messageindicates TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE.
For routing area update, it is ATTACH COMPLETE that the DIRECT TRANSFER message indicates.
RRC connection setup procedure is performed for the UE to set up a signaling connection to the SRNC. RRC connection setup is always initiated by the UE. One UE has a maximum of one RRC connection at a time.
Triggering Conditions : The UE in idle mode intitiates the RRC connection setup procedure when the NAS of the UE requests the establishment of a signaling connection
When the SRNC receives an RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the UE, the Radio Resource Management (RRM) module of the RNC determines whether to accept or reject theRRC connection request, based on a specific algorithm.
If accepting the request, the RRM module further determines whether to set up the RRC connection on a Dedicated Channel (DCH)or on a Common Channel (CCH), based on a specific RRM algorithm. Typically, an RRC connection is set up on
the DCH.
1.The UE sends an RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message to the SRNC through the uplink CCCH(RACH), requesting the establishment of an RRC connection.
2.Based on the cause in the RRC connection request and the system resource status, the SRNC determines to set up the RRC connection on a DCH and allocates the Radio NetworkTemporary Identity(RNTI),radio
resources, and L1 and L2 resources. Then the SRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB, requesting the NodeB to allocate the specific radio link
resources required for an RRC connection.
3.The NodeB responds with a RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE message to the SRNC after successfully preparing the resources.
4.The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to set up the Iub user plane transport bearer and performs the synchronization between the SRNC and the NodeB. This procedure is optional. It is required
for the ATM-based Iub interface only.
5.The SRNC sends an RRC CONNECTION SETUP message to the UE through the downlink CCCH (FACH). The message contains the information about the DCH allocated by the SRNC.
6. UE and NodeB initiate L1 Synchronization. NodeB sends NBAP:Synchonization Indicator message to SRNC when the uplink enter "In-Sync" state
7. The UE sends an RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message to the SRNC through the uplink Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) that is just set up. The message indicates that the
RRC connection setup procedure ends.
If the RNC judges that the RRC connection request cannot be set up (for instance, due to insufficient resources), it directly sends an RRC CONNECTION REJECT message to the UE, and
indicates the reject reason in the message
>>RRC Procedure description
RRC Connection Setup
Location Update
release
The RRC Connection Release procedure is performed to release the signaling connection and all radio bearers between UE and the UTRAN
Triggering Conditions: After a n RAB is released,the SRNC judges whether the RRC connection carries any other RAB or the UE. If judging that the RRC connection does not carry other RAB of the UE,the SRNC initiates an RRC connection
release procedure.
The procedure shown is described as follows: based on the resouce occupied by the RRC connection,there are two types of RRC connection release procedure: release of an RRC
connection from DCH and release of an RRC connection from CCH (If an RRC connection needs to be released after a successful outgoing call,, the RRC connection on the DCH is released and if a radio bearers fails to be setup ,the RRC
connection on the CCH is released)
1.The SRNC sends an RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message to the UE through the DCCH.
(NOTE: The SRNC may send the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message several times to increase the probability of proper reception of the message by the UE. The RRC SNs of these messages are the same. The number of retransmissions
and the transmission intervals are determined by the SRNC. If the SRNC does not receive an RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
COMPLETE message from the UE after sending the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message for four times, the SRNC judges that the UE has released the RRC connection.)
2.The UE sends an RRC CONNECTION RELEASE COMPLETE message to the SRNC.
3.The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message to the NodeB,requesting the NodeB to delete the radio link resources in the NodeB.
4.After releasing the resources, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message to the SRNC.
5.(Optional; required for the ATM-based Iub interface only) The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to initiate an Iub user plane transport bearer release procedure. Then, the RRC connection release procedure
ends.
RRC connection Release
the DCH.
release procedure.
ends.
the DCH.
release procedure.
ends.
value=hex2dec(75 AA)=30122
value=registration(Location update)
value=(-24+(36/2))=-6 dB (Serving cell's CPICH Ec/No)
value=hex2dec(91)=145 (Neighbour's Primary Scrambling Code)
value=CPICH Ec/Io invalid
RRC:RRC Connection Request (RACH)
>>"Geographical and UTRAN Entity Identifiers"
>>"RRC Connection Request Description"
value=UE capable to support FDD , not TDD
RRC:RRC Connection Setup (FACH)
>>"RRC Connection Setup Description"
value=UE capable to support GSM
value=Signaling Radio Bearer Information Setup ,RB-1
value=Radio Bearer Mapping
value=BLER Target=-20 dB
value=MaxAllowedULTxPower=24 dBm
value=(-37*2)=-74 dBm (step of 2 dB)
value=use Closed Loop Power Control Algorithm1
value=use long SC on Uplink
value=Spreading Factor 64 (Uplink)
value=Spreading Factor 128 (Downlink)
value=Primary Scrambling code=385
RRC:RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH) >>"RRC Connection Setup Complete Description"
value=UE (Powerclass3) maximum transmitted power =24 dBm
value=support GSM (Dual Mode UMTS<>GSM)
value=Chipering Algorithm A5/3
value=support Compressed Mode (CM) uplink and downlink
RANAP: Initial UE Message (MM: Location Update Request)
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (MM: Location Update Request)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (MM: Location Update Accept)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (MM: Location Update Accept)
RRC: RRC Connection Release
.RRC: RRC Connection Release Complete
value=registration(Location update)
value=(-24+(36/2))=-6 dB (Serving cell's CPICH Ec/No)
value=hex2dec(91)=145 (Neighbour's Primary Scrambling Code)
value=(-37*2)=-74 dBm (step of 2 dB) Default Constant DPCCH_Power_offset CPICH_RSCP
-22 -74 -80
-22 -74 -70
Note :DPCCH_Power_offset is configured by RNC and delivered to UE in RRC Connection Setup.
>>"RRC Connection Setup Complete Description"
value=support GSM (Dual Mode UMTS<>GSM)
value=MCC=456
value=MNC=02
value=hex2dec(75AA)=30122
PCPICH Power UL Interference UL DPCCH Initial Power
33 -85 6
33 -85 -4
1.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
6.RRC: Security Mode Command
L3 Messages - AMR Voice (MOC) Call Procedure
UE NodeB S-RNC
Start Rx
Start Tx
7.RRC: Security Mode Completed
2.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication Request)
L1 Synchonization
1.RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (MM: CM Service Request)
3.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication Response)
3.NBAP: Radio Link
Reconfiguration Prepare
4.NBAP: Radio Link
Reconfiguration Ready
7.NBAP: Radio Link
Reconfiguration Commit
RRC:Measurement Report
Call Established
8.RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete
9.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
7.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
4.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Call Proceeding)
Intra-Frequency Soft Handover
Inter-Frequency Hard Handover
Inter-RAT Hard Handover
RRC:Measurement Control
6.RRC: Radio Bearer Setup
Apply new transport format set
10.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
Request
Response
Note the following information about the procedure ,
1.The RRC connection can be set up on a DCH or a CCH. This procedure takes the RRC connection
set up on the DCH as an example.
2. If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the
Iubinterface after radio links are set up, reconfigured, or deleted.
3. If IP transport is applied to the Iu-CS interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the
Iu-CS interface after an RAB is set up or a call is released
5,.ALCAP: Iub User Plane Release
1.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
8.ALCAP: Iu User Plane Release
4.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
2.RRC:RRC Connection Release Complete
5.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Release Complete)
SCCP: CR (Connection Request)
2.RANAP: Initial UE Message (MM: CM Service Request)
3.SCCP: CC (Connection Confirm)
1.RANAP: Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication Request)
4.RANAP: Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication Response)
RANAP: Common ID (IMSI)
5.RANAP: Security Mode Command
8.RANAP: Security Mode Complete
2.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
L3 Messages - AMR Voice (MOC) Call Procedure
S-RNC
>>RRC Procedure Description
CN
1.RRC Connection Setup
2.Signalling Connection Setup
3.Authentication &
Security Mode Control
3.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Call Proceeding)
1.RANAP: RAB Assignment Request
2.ALCAP : Iu User Plane Setup
9.RANAP: RAB Assignment Response
6.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
8.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
11.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
Call Established
6.Conversation
4.Call Setup
5. Radio Bearer Setup
2.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
3.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
6.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Release Complete)
9.RANAP: Iu Release Complete
7.Call Release
8.RRC Connection Release
RRC connection setup procedure is performed for the UE to set up a signaling connection to the SRNC. RRC connection setup is always initiated by the UE. One UE has a maximum of one RRC
connection at a time.
Triggering Conditions : The UE in idle mode intitiates the RRC connection setup procedure when the NAS of the UE requests the establishment of a signaling connection When the SRNC receives an RRC CONNECTION
REQUEST message from the UE, the Radio Resource Management (RRM) module of the RNC determines whether to accept or reject theRRC connection request, based on a specific
algorithm. If accepting the request, the RRM module further determines whether to set up the RRC connection on a Dedicated Channel (DCH)or on a Common Channel (CCH),based on a specific RRM
algorithm. Typically, an RRC connection is set up on the DCH.
2.Based on the cause in the RRC connection request and the system resource status, the SRNC determines to set up the RRC connection on a DCH and allocates the Radio NetworkTemporary
Identity(RNTI),radio resources, and L1 and L2 resources. Then the SRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB, requesting the NodeB to allocate the specific radio link resources
required for an RRC connection.
If the RNC judges that the RRC connection request cannot be set up (for instance, due to insufficient resources), it directly sends an RRC CONNECTION REJECT message to the UE, and indicates the reject
reason in the message
The signaling connection setup procedure is performed to exchange the NAS (Non Access Stratum) information between the UE and the CN.
Triggering Conditons: The UE sends a direct transfer message to initiate the signaling connection setup procedure.
1.The UE sends an INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC through the RRC connection. The message contains the initial NAS information to be sent to the CN by the UE.
2.The SRNC receives the INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message from the UE and sends an INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the CN over the Iu interface. The INITIAL UE MESSAGE contains the NAS information
to be sent to the CN by the UE. The content of the NAS information is CM SERVICE REQUEST.
3.The CN sends a response message to the SRNC.
-If accepting the request, the CN sends a CONNECTION CONFIRM (CC) message to the SRNC. The message indicates that the SCCP connection is set up. After receivingthe message, the SRNC
confirms that the signaling connection is set up.
-If rejecting the request, the CN sends a CONNECTION REJECT (CJ) message to the SRNC. The message indicates that the SCCP connection fails to be set up. After receiving the message, the SRNC
confirms that the signaling connection fails to be setup and then initiates the RRC release procedure.
The authentication and security mode control procedure is performed for the UE and the network to implement bi-directional authentication and to negotiate and configure the integrity protection
algorithm and ciphering algorithm. This procedure ensures integrity and correctness of signaling
Triggerring Conditions: The UE and the CN exchange signaling. The network initiates the authentication and securitymode control procedure
1.The CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicates AUTHENTICATION REQUEST.
3.The UE sends an UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC.
4.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE. If the UMTS
Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) judges that the authentication is successful, the UE returns a message with an XRES IE.
5.The CN sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the SRNC to initiate the security mode control procedure. The message contains the information about the supported ciphering and integrity
protection algorithms.
6.The SRNC sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the UE to inform the UE of the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms that the UTRAN selects.
7.The UE sends a response message to the SRNC.
-If the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms are configured successfully, the UE sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND COMPLETE message to the SRNC. The SRNC then sends a SECURITY
MODE COMMAND COMPLETE message to the CN.The message contains the information about the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms that the UE uses.
-If the UE does not support the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms, the UE sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND FAILURE message to the SRNC. The message contains the error
information and the reason for the failure. The SRNC then sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND REJECT message to the CN
The RANAP:Common ID message is used to transport the permanent UE Identity(IMSI) to SRNC
.RRC Connection Setup
.Signalling Connection Setup
.Authentication &
The call setup procedure is performed to set up a call.
Triggering Conditions: The UE initiates a call
1.The UE sends an UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message contains the number of the called party and the information about the bearer capability of the call.
2.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message.
3.The CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicates CALL PROCEEDING and contains the information about the negotiated bearer capability of the call.
5. A Radio Access Bearer (RAB) is set up. (see more details in RAB Setup Procedure below)
6. When the called terminal rings, the CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicates ALERTING.
8.The CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicates CONNECT, which means that the called party has answered the call.
11.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message to the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE.
The Radio Bearer Setup procedure shown is described as follows:
1.The CN sends an RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message to the SRNC to initiate the RAB setup procedure.
2.(Optional; applicable to the ATM-based Iu-CS interface only) The SRNC maps the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters for the RAB to the AAL2 link characteristic parameters and radio resource
characteristic parameters. Based on the AAL2 link characteristic parameters,the ALCAP on the Iu interface initiates an Iu user plane transport bearer setup procedure.
3.The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE message to the NodeB, requesting the NodeB to prepare for adding one or more DCHs to the existing radio links for carrying the RAB.
4.The NodeB allocates the associated resources and then sends a RADIO LINKRECONFIGURATION READY message to the SRNC.
5.(Optional; required for the ATM-based Iub interface only) The Iub ALCAP at the SRNC initiates an Iub user plane transport bearer setup procedure. The NodeB and the SRNC perform synchronization
by exchanging uplink and downlink synchronization frames in the DCH frame protocol.
6.The SRNC sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP message to the UE.
7.The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION COMMIT message to theNodeB.
8.After performing the radio bearer setup, the UE sends a RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE message to the SRNC.
9.The SRNC sends an RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE message to the CN. The RAB isset up.
The procedure when RAB Setup Failure shown is described as follows:
2.The SRNC sends an RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE message to the CN. The message indicates the ID of the RAB that fails to be set up and the reason for the failure.
The call release procedure is performed to release services and resources after a call ends.
Triggering Conditions : A call ends and the calling party hangs up
2.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating DISCONNECT. This content informs the CN that the UE has hanged up.
3.The CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicates RELEASE to request release of the call.
6.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating RELEASE COMPLETE.
7.The CN sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNC to request call release on the Iu interface. The message indicates the reason for the Iu release
8.(Optional; applicable to the ATM-based Iu-CS interface only) The ALCAP protocol on the Iu interface initiates an Iu data transport bearer release procedure.
9.The SRNC sends an IU RELEASE COMPLETE message to the CN.
.Conversation
.Call Setup
. Radio Bearer Setup
Triggering Conditions: After a n RAB is released,the SRNC judges whether the RRC connection carries any other RAB or the UE. If judging that the RRC connection does not carry other RAB of the UE,the SRNC initiates an
RRC connection release procedure.
The procedure shown is described as follows: based on the resouce occupied by the RRC connection,there are two types of RRC connection release procedure: release of an RRC connection from DCH and release of an
RRC connection from CCH (If an RRC connection needs to be released after a successful outgoing call,, the RRC connection on the DCH is released and if a radio bearers
fails to be setup ,the RRC connection on the CCH is released)
(NOTE: The SRNC may send the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message several times to increase the probability of proper reception of the message by the UE. The RRC SNs of these messages are
the same. The number of retransmissions and the transmission intervals are determined by the SRNC. If the SRNC does not receive an RRC CONNECTION RELEASE COMPLETE message from the
UE after sending the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message for four times, the SRNC judges that the UE has released the RRC connection.)
5.(Optional; required for the ATM-based Iub interface only) The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to initiate an Iub user plane transport bearer release procedure. Then, the RRC connection release
procedure ends.
Release
.RRC Connection Release
procedure ends.
procedure ends.
value=OriginatingConversationalcall (CS MOC)
value=(-24+(43/2))=-2.5 dB
value=hex2dec(60)=96(Neighbour's Primary Scrambling Code)
RRC:RRC Connection Request (RACH) >>"RRC Connection Request Description"
RRC:RRC Connection Setup (FACH) >>"RRC Connection Setup Description"
value=not support GSM (Locked UMTS Mode)
value=UE support Band fdd2100 MHz
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (MM: CM Service Request)
RANAP:Initial UE Message (MM: CM Service Request)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication Response)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication Request)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication Request)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication Response)
RRC: Security Mode Command
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
RRC: Security Mode Complete
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Call Proceeding)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Call Proceeding)
RRC: Radio Bearer Setup
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: RRC Connection Release)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Release Complete)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Release Complete)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: RRC Connection Release Complete)
value=(-24+(43/2))=-2.5 dB
value=hex2dec(60)=96(Neighbour's Primary Scrambling Code)
-22 -94 -80
-22 -94 -70
value=Call B-Party number =0812713339
>>"Radio Bearer Description"
value=SF64(uplink)->AMR 12.2
value=SF128(downlink)->AMR 12.2
33 -105 -14
33 -105 -24
*** The different messages between MOC & MTC are highlighted in "Red" color
1. RRC: RRC Connection Request (RACH)
4. ALCAP: Iub User Plane Setup
Start Tx
1.RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (MM: Paging Response)
5. RRC: RRC Connection Setup (FACH)
6. RRC: RRC Connection Setup Completed (DCH)
Start Rx
2. RRC: Paging Type 1
L3 Messages -AMR Voice Call (MTC) Call Procedure
L1 Synchonization
UE NodeB S-RNC
3. NBAP: Radio Link
4. NBAP: Radio Link
7. NBAP: Radio Link
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
11. RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
Call Established
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
8.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
8. RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete
6. RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
2. RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
3. RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Call Confirmed)
6. RRC: Radio Bearer Setup
NBAP: Radio Link Deletion
Request
Response
2. If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iubinterface
after radio links are set up, reconfigured, or deleted.
3. If IP transport is applied to the Iu-CS interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on theIu-CS
interface after an RAB is set up or a call is released
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Release Complete)
1. RANAP: Paging
2.SCCP: CR (Connection Request)
2. RANAP: Initial UE Message (MM: Paging Response)
L3 Messages -AMR Voice Call (MTC) Call Procedure
S-RNC CN
2.RRC ConnectionSetup
4.Authentication & Security
Mode Control
1.Paging
1. RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
4. RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Call Confirmed)
1. RANAP: RAB Assignment Request
2. ALCAP: Iur User Plane Setup
7. RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
9. RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
10. RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
Call Established
6.Conversation
4.Call Setup
5.Radio Bearer Setup
RANAP: Iu Release Command
RANAP: Iu Release Complete
ALCAP: Iur User Plane Release
7.Call Release
Triggering Conditions: The UE sends a direct transfer message to initiate the signaling connection setup procedure.
1.The UE sends an INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC through the RRC connection. The message contains the initial NAS information to be sent to the CN by the
UE.
2.The SRNC receives the INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message from the UE and sendsan INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the CN through the Iu interface. The INITIAL UEMESSAGE
contains the NAS information to be sent to the CN by the UE. The content ofthe NAS information is PAGING RESPONSE.
-If accepting the request, the CN sends a CONNECTION CONFIRM (CC) message tothe SRNC. The message indicates that the SCCP connection is set up. After receiving the
message, the SRNC confirms that the signaling connection is set up.
-lf rejecting the request, the CN sends a CONNECTION REJECT (CJ) message to the SRNC. The message indicates that the SCCP connection fails to be set up. After receiving the
message, the SRNC confirms that the signaling connection fails to be setup and then initiates the RRC release procedure.
RRC connection setup procedure is performed for the UE to set up a signaling connection to the SRNC. RRC connection setup is always initiated by the UE. One UE has a
maximum of one RRC connection at a time.
Triggering Conditions: The UE in idle mode intitiates the RRC connection setup procedure when the NAS of the UE requests the establishment of a signaling connection
When the SRNC receives an RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the UE, the Radio Resource Management (RRM) module of the RNC determines whether to accept or
reject theRRC connection request, based on a specific algorithm. If accepting the request, the RRM module further determines whether to set up the RRC connection on a Dedicated
Channel (DCH)or on a Common Channel (CCH), based on a specific RRM algorithm. Typically, an RRC connection is set up on the DCH.
2.Based on the cause in the RRC connection request and the system resource status, the SRNC determines to set up the RRC connection on a DCH and allocates the Radio
NetworkTemporary Identity (RNTI), radio resources, and L1 and L2 resources. Then the SRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB, requesting the
NodeB to allocate the specific radio link resources required for an RRC connection.
4.The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to set up the Iub user plane transport bearer and performs the synchronization between the SRNC and the NodeB. This procedure is optional.
It is required for the ATM-based Iub interface only.
5.The SRNC sends an RRC CONNECTION SETUP message to the UE through the downlink CCCH (FACH). The message contains the information about the DCH allocated by the
SRNC.
7. The UE sends an RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message to the SRNC through the uplink Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) that is just set up. The message
indicates that the RRC connection setup procedure ends.
If the RNC judges that the RRC connection request cannot be set up (for instance, due to insufficient resources), it directly sends an RRC CONNECTION REJECT message to the
UE, and indicates the reject reason in the message
Paging Procedure The paging procedure is performed when the CN calls a UE.
Triggering Conditions: A Terminal calls the UE
The Paging Procedure in Idle, Cell_PCH and URA-PCH modes is described as follows;
1.The CN sends a PAGING message to the SRNC.
2.The SRNC initiates the paging procedure by sending a PAGING TYPE 1 message to the UE through the Paging Control Channel (PCCH) on an appropriate occasion.(NOTE The
paging occasion is related to the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) of the UE. The UTRAN may page the same UE on several occasions to increase the probability of
proper receptionof the paging message by the UE.)
3.The UE in idle mode or in PCH state monitors the paging and receives the paging message from the network layer.The paging procedure ends.
The Paging Procedure in Cell_DCH and Cell_FACH mode is described as follows;
2.The SRNC initiates the paging procedure by sending a PAGING TYPE 2 message to the UE through the DCCH.
3.The UE receives the PAGNG TPYE 2 message, reads it, and then reports to the NAS the information such as the paging cause and the paging record type identifier.The paging
procedure ends
.RRC ConnectionSetup
.Authentication & Security
Mode Control
.Paging
Call Setup Procedure(Incoming Call) is performed to setup a call.
Triggering Conditions : A UE receiveds a call from the CN
1.The CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicates SETUP and contains the number of the calling party and the bearer capability of the call.
4.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message. The DIRECT TRANSFER
messageindicates CALL CONFIRM and contains the information about the negotiated bearer capability of the call.
6. The UE sends an UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC.
7.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating ALERTING to request the
called terminal to ring.
9.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating CONNECT. This
meansthat the called party has answered the call.
10.The CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicatesCONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE.
2.(Optional; applicable to the ATM-based Iu-CS interface only) The SRNC maps the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters for the RAB to the AAL2 link characteristic parameters and
radio resource characteristic parameters. Based on the AAL2 link characteristic parameters,the ALCAP on the Iu interface initiates an Iu user plane transport bearer setup procedure.
3.The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE message to the NodeB, requesting the NodeB to prepare for adding one or more DCHs to the existing radio
links for carrying the RAB.
5.(Optional; required for the ATM-based Iub interface only) The Iub ALCAP at the SRNC initiates an Iub user plane transport bearer setup procedure. The NodeB and the SRNC
perform synchronization by exchanging uplink and downlink synchronization frames in the DCH frame protocol.
7.The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION COMMIT message to the NodeB.
UE.
The authentication and security mode control procedure is performed for the UE and the network to implement bi-directional authentication and to negotiate and configure the integrity
protection algorithm and ciphering algorithm. This procedure ensures integrity and correctness of signaling.
4.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating AUTHENTICATION
RESPONSE. If the UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) judges that the authentication is successful, the UE returns a message with an XRES IE.
5.The CN sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the SRNC to initiate the security mode control procedure. The message contains the information about the supported
ciphering and integrity protection algorithms.
-If the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms are configured successfully, the UE sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND COMPLETE message to the SRNC. The SRNC
then sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND COMPLETE message to the CN.The message contains the information about the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms that the
UE uses.
-If the UE does not support the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms, the UE sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND FAILURE message to the SRNC. The message
contains the error information and the reason for the failure. The SRNC then sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND REJECT message to the CN
.Conversation
.Call Setup
.Radio Bearer Setup
Triggering Conditions: After a n RAB is released,the SRNC judges whether the RRC connection carries any other RAB or the UE. If judging that the RRC connection does not carry
other RAB of the UE,the SRNC initiates an RRC connection release procedure.
The procedure shown is described as follows: based on the resouce occupied by the RRC connection,there are two types of RRC connection release procedure: release of an RRC connection
from DCH and release of an RRC connection from CCH (If an RRC connection needs to be released after a successful outgoing call,, the RRC connection on the DCH is released and if a radio
bearers fails to be setup ,the RRC connection on the CCH is released)
(NOTE: The SRNC may send the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message several times to increase the probability of proper reception of the message by the UE. The RRC SNs of
these messages are the same. The number of retransmissions and the transmission intervals are determined by the SRNC. If the SRNC does not receive an RRC CONNECTION
RELEASE COMPLETE message from the UE after sending the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message for four times, the SRNC judges that the UE has released the RRC
connection.)
5.(Optional; required for the ATM-based Iub interface only) The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to initiate an Iub user plane transport bearer release procedure. Then, the RRC
connection release procedure ends.
The Call Release procedure is performed to release services and resources after a call ends.
Triggering Conditions: A call ends and the calling party hangs up.
1.The CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicates DISCONNECT to inform the UE that the calling party has hanged up.
4.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message. The DIRECT TRANSFER messageindicates
RELEASE which requests release of the call.
5.The CN sends a DIRECT TRANSFER message to the SRNC. The message indicatesRELEASE COMPLETE.
6.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the DIRECT TRANSFER message to theUE through a DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER message.
7.The CN sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNC to request call releaseon the Iu interface. The message indicates the reason for the Iu release.
8.(Optional; applicable to the ATM-based Iu-CS interface only) The ALCAP protocol on theIu interface initiates an Iu data transport bearer release procedure.
Release
connection.)
UE.
SRNC.
procedure ends
UE.
UE uses.
connection.)
connection.)
UE.
SRNC.
procedure ends
UE.
UE uses.
connection.)
connection.)
RRC: Paging Type 1
RRC: RRC Connection Request (RACH)
RRC: RRC Connection Setup (FACH)
RRC:RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH)
RANAP: Initial UE Message (MM: Paging Response)
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (MM: Paging Response)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Call Confirmed)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Call Confirmed)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
RRC:Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: RRC Connection Release)
value=terminatingConversationalcall (CS MTC)
value=(-24+(44/2))=-2.0 dB
value=hex2dec(6d)=109(Neighbour's Primary Scrambling Code)
-22 -96 -80
-22 -96 -70
value=use Closed Loop Power Control Algorithm1 Note :DPCCH_Power_offset is configured by RNC and delivered to UE in RRC Connection Setup.
value=SF128(downlink)->AMR 12.2
33 -107 -16
33 -107 -26
L1 Synchonization
1.RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (MM: CM Service Request)
L3 Messages - Video Call (CS64) Call Procedure
UE NodeB S-RNC
Start Rx
Start Tx
1.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
3.NBAP: Radio Link
4.NBAP: Radio Link
7.NBAP: Radio Link
6.RRC: Radio Bearer Setup
8.RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete
9.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
7.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
4.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Call Proceeding)
1.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
10.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
Call Established
Request
Response
2. If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is
5,.ALCAP: Iub User Plane Release
4.RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
2.RRC:RRC Connection Release Complete
5.RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Release Complete)
SCCP: CR (Connection Request)
2.RANAP: Initial UE Message (MM: CM Service Request)
2.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
L3 Messages - Video Call (CS64) Call Procedure
S-RNC
CN
1.RRC Connection Setup
3.Authentication &
3.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Call Proceeding)
1.RANAP: RAB Assignment Request
2.ALCAP : Iu User Plane Setup
6.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
8.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
11.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
Call Established
6.Conversation
4.Call Setup
2.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
3.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
6.RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Release Complete)
9.RANAP: Iu Release Complete
7.Call Release
Triggering Conditions : The UE in idle mode intitiates the RRC connection setup procedure when the NAS of the UE requests the establishment of a signaling connection When the SRNC
receives an RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the UE, the Radio Resource Management (RRM) module of the RNC determines whether to accept or reject theRRC connection
request, based on a specific algorithm. If accepting the request, the RRM module further determines whether to set up the RRC connection on a
Dedicated Channel (DCH)or on a Common Channel (CCH),based on a specific RRM algorithm. Typically, an RRC connection is set up on the DCH.
resources, and L1 and L2 resources. Then the SRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB, requesting the NodeB to allocate the specific radio link resources required for an RRC connection.
If the RNC judges that the RRC connection request cannot be set up (for instance, due to insufficient resources), it directly sends an RRC CONNECTION REJECT message to
theUE, and indicates the reject reason in the message
2.The SRNC receives the INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message from the UE and sends an INITIAL UE MESSAGE to the CN over the Iu interface. The INITIAL UE MESSAGE contains the NAS information to be sent to the
CN by the UE. The content of the NAS information is CM SERVICE REQUEST.
-If accepting the request, the CN sends a CONNECTION CONFIRM (CC) message to the SRNC. The message indicates that the SCCP connection is set up. After receivingthe message, the
SRNC confirms that the signaling connection is set up.
-If rejecting the request, the CN sends a CONNECTION REJECT (CJ) message to the SRNC. The message indicates that the SCCP connection fails to be set up. After receiving the message,
the SRNC confirms that the signaling connection fails to be setup and then initiates the RRC release procedure.
The authentication and security mode control procedure is performed for the UE and the network to implement bi-directional authentication and to negotiate and configure
the integrity protection algorithm and ciphering algorithm. This procedure ensures integrity and correctness of signaling
4.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE. If the UMTS Subscriber Identity
Module (USIM) judges that the authentication is successful, the UE returns a message with an XRES IE.
5.The CN sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the SRNC to initiate the security mode control procedure. The message contains the information about the supported ciphering and integrity protection
algorithms.
then sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND COMPLETE message to the CN.The message contains the information about the integrity protection and ciphering algorithms that the UE uses.
.RRC Connection Setup
.Authentication &
2.(Optional; applicable to the ATM-based Iu-CS interface only) The SRNC maps the Quality of Service (QoS) parameters for the RAB to the AAL2 link characteristic parameters and radio resource characteristic
parameters. Based on the AAL2 link characteristic parameters,the ALCAP on the Iu interface initiates an Iu user plane transport bearer setup procedure.
5.(Optional; required for the ATM-based Iub interface only) The Iub ALCAP at the SRNC initiates an Iub user plane transport bearer setup procedure. The NodeB and the SRNC perform synchronization by exchanging
uplink and downlink synchronization frames in the DCH frame protocol.
2.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating DISCONNECT. This content informs the CN that the UE has
hanged
up.
algorithms.
.Conversation
.Call Setup
Triggering Conditions: After a n RAB is released,the SRNC judges whether the RRC connection carries any other RAB or the UE. If judging that the RRC connection does not carry other RAB of the
UE,the SRNC initiates an RRC connection release procedure.
The procedure shown is described as follows: based on the resouce occupied by the RRC connection,there are two types of RRC connection release procedure: release of an RRC connection from DCH and release of
an RRC connection from CCH (If an RRC connection needs to be released after a successful outgoing call,, the RRC connection on the DCH is released and if a radio
(NOTE: The SRNC may send the RRC CONNECTION RELEASE message several times to increase the probability of proper reception of the message by the UE. The RRC SNs of these messages are the same. The
number of retransmissions and the transmission intervals are determined by the SRNC. If the SRNC does not receive an RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
5.(Optional; required for the ATM-based Iub interface only) The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to initiate an Iub user plane transport bearer release procedure. Then, the RRC connection release procedure ends.
hanged
up.
Release
algorithms.
hanged
up.
algorithms.
hanged
up.
algorithms.
hanged
up.
algorithms.
hanged
up.
value=(-24+(44/2))=-2.0 dB
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (MM: CM Service Request)
RANAP:Initial UE Message (MM: CM Service Request)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Setup)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Call Proceeding)
RANAP: Direct Transfer (CC: Call Proceeding)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Alerting)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect Acknowledge)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Connect)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (CC: Disconnect)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (CC: Release)
value=(-24+(44/2))=-2.0 dB
-22 -96 -80
-22 -96 -70
value=SF16(uplink)->CS64 (VP)
value=SF32(downlink)->CS64 (VP)
33 -107 -16
33 -107 -26
L3 Messages - PS(R99) Call Procedure
Start Rx
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (GMM: GPRS Identity Request)
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (GMM: Attach Request)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication & Ciphering Response)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (GMM: GPRS Identity Response)
RRC: Security Mode Completed
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (MM: Authentication & Ciphering Request)
L1 Synchonization
UE NodeB
Start Tx
If UE already
attached to
GPRS CN, the UE
will only send
"GMM:Service
Request"
message to N/W
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (SM: Activate PDP Context Accept)
ALCAP: Iub User Plane Setup
PS Session Established
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (MM: Attach Accept)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (MM: Attach Completed)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (SM: Activate PDP Context Request)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (SM: Deactivate PDP Context Request)
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (SM: Deactivate PDP Context Accept)
RRC: Radio Bearer Release
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (MM: Detach Accept)
RRC: Radio Bearer Release Completed
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (MM: Detach Request)
RRC: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
RRC: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
7.NBAP:Synchonization Indicator
RRC: Downlink Direct Transfer (GMM: GPRS Identity Request)
RRC: Uplink Direct Transfer (GMM: GPRS Identity Response)
S-RNC
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration
Prepare
Ready
Commit
Prepare
Ready
Commit
Prepare
Ready
Commit
Request
Response
RANAP: Initial UE Message GMM: (Attach Request)
RANAP: GMM: GPRS Identity Request
RANAP: GMM: GPRS Identity Response
RANAP: MM: Authentication & Ciphering Request
RANAP:MM: Authentication&Ciphering Response
RANAP: Security Mode Command
RANAP: Security Mode Complete
RANAP: Common ID(IMSI)
CN
1.RRC Connection Establishment
2.GPRS Attach Procedure
3.Authentication & Security Mode Control
RANAP: MM: Attach Accept
RANAP: MM: Attach Completed
RANAP: SM: Activate PDP Context Request
RANAP: RAB Assignment Request
ALCAP : Iu User Plane Setup
RANAP: RAB Assignment Response
RANAP: SM: Activate PDP Context Accept
6.Downlink and Uplink Data Transfer
4.PS Session Setup
RANAP: SM: Deactivate PDP Context Request
RANAP: SM: Deactivate PDP Context Accept
RANAP: MM: Detach Request
RANAP: MM: Detach Accept
7.PS Session Release
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration to
Upgrade/Downgrade Bit Rate
Triggering Conditions : The UE in idle mode intitiates the RRC connection setup procedure when the NAS of the UE requests the establishment of a signaling connection When the
SRNC receives an RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the UE, the Radio Resource Management (RRM) module of the RNC determines whether to accept or reject the RRC
connection request, based on a specific algorithm. If accepting the request, the RRM module further determines whether to set up the RRC connection on a Dedicated Channel
(DCH)or on a Common Channel (CCH),based on a specific RRM algorithm. Typically, an RRC connection is set up on the DCH.
NetworkTemporary Identity(RNTI),radio resources, and L1 and L2 resources. Then the SRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB, requesting the NodeB to
allocate the specific radio link resources required for an RRC connection.
4.The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to set up the Iub user plane transport bearer and performs the synchronization between the SRNC and the NodeB. This procedure is optional. It
is required for the ATM-based Iub interface only.
The GPRS Attach procedure is performed in order to make UE presence known to the network by performing a Packet Service Attach (GPRS attach). This makes the UE available for SMS over PS
data paging via the SGSN, and notification of incoming PS Data.In the attach procedure, the UE shall provide its identity and an indication of which type of attach that is to be executed.
PS attach and combined PS / CS attach.The identity provided to the network shall be the UE's Packet TMSI (P-TMSI) or IMSI
Triggering Conditons: The UE sends a GPRS Attach Request message to initiate the signaling connection setup procedure.
1.UE initiates the attach procedure by the transmission of an Attach Request message to the RNC. IMSI shall be included if the UE does not have a valid P-TMSI (Packet Temporary IMSI)
available. RNC opens an SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part) connection and sends the Attach request to SGSN
2.If the UE identifies itself with P-TMSI and the SGSN has changed since detach, the new SGSN sends an Identification Request (P-TMSI, old RAI, old P-TMSI Signature) to the old SGSN to
request the IMSI. The old SGSN responds with Identification Response (IMSI, Authentication vector). The old SGSN also validates the old P-TMSI
3.If the UE is unknown in both the old and new SGSN, the SGSN sends an Identity Request (Identity Type = IMSI) to the UE. The UE responds with Identity Response (IMSI).
4. The new SGSN asks the HLR to authenticate the UE. HLR sends back to SGSN the Authentication data received from AUC (Authentication Center). The HLR contains GSM and WCDMA
subscriber information The SGSN sends the Authentication and Ciphering Request to the UE. At authentication of a WCDMA subscriber, the SGSN transmitts the RAND (Random Number)
and AUTN (Authentication Token) to the UE. At reception of this message, the UE (USIM, WCDMA Subscriber Identity module in the UE) verifies AUTN and if accepted the UE returns an
Authentication and Ciphering response (RES) message to the SGSN. During generation of authentication vectors, the USIM in the UE also computes a new Ciphering Key. CK, and a new
Integrity Key, IK. These keys are stored together with the CKSN (Ciphering key sequence number of Kc) until CKSN is updated at the next authentication. The SGSN verifies the
transmission security. A known bit stream is encrypted and decrypted in SGSN and UE.
5. If the SGSN number has changed since the GPRS detach, or if it is the very first attach, then the SGSN informs the HLR:
-The SGSN sends an Update Location (SGSN Number, SGSN Address, IMSI) to the HLR.
-The HLR sends Cancel Location (IMSI, Cancellation Type) to the old SGSN with Cancellation Type set to Update Procedure.
-The old SGSN acknowledges with Cancel Location Ack (IMSI). If there are any ongoing procedures for that UE, the old SGSN shall wait until these procedures are finished before removing
the MM (Mobility Management) and PDP contexts
-The HLR sends Insert Subscriber Data (IMSI, GPRS subscription data) to the new SGSN.
-The new SGSN validates the UE's presence in the (new) RA (Routing Area). If all checks are successful then the SGSN constructs an MM context for the UE and returns an Insert
Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI) message to the HLR.
-The HLR acknowledges the Update Location message by sending an Update Location Ack to the SGSN after the canceling of old MM context and insertion of new MM context are finished.
If the Update Location is rejected by the HLR, the SGSN rejects the Attach Request from the UE with an appropriate cause code
6. If Attach Type in step 1 indicated PS Attach while already CS attached, or combined PS/CS attach, then the VLR shall be updated. The VLR number is received from the RA information. The
SGSN starts the location update procedure towards the new MSC/VLR upon receipt of the first Insert Subscriber Data message from the HLR. This operation marks the UE as GPRS-attached in
the VLR.
a. The SGSN sends a Location Update Request (new LAI, IMSI, SGSN Number, Location Update Type) message to the VLR. Location Update Type shall indicate CS attach if Attach Type
indicated combined PS / CS attach. Otherwise, Location Update Type shall indicate normal location update. The VLR creates an association with the SGSN by storing SGSN Number.
b. If the LA update is inter-MSC, the new VLR sends Update Location (IMSI, new VLR) to the HLR.
c. If the LA update is inter-MSC, the HLR sends a Cancel Location (IMSI) to the old VLR.
d. The old VLR acknowledges with Cancel Location Ack (IMSI). If there are any ongoing procedures for that MS, the old SGSN shall wait until these procedures are finished before
removing the MM and PDP contexts.
e. If the LA update is inter-MSC, the HLR sends Insert Subscriber Data (IMSI, GSM subscriber data) to the new VLR.
f. The VLR acknowledges with Insert Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI).
g. After finishing the inter-MSC location update procedures, the HLR responds with Update Location Ack (IMSI) to the new VLR.
h. The VLR responds with Location Update Accept (VLR TMSI) to the SGSN.
7. The SGSN sends an Attach Accept (P-TMSI, VLR TMSI, P-TMSI Signature, Radio Priority SMS) message to the UE. P-TMSI is included if the SGSN allocates a new P-TMSI. If the Attach
Request cannot be accepted, the SGSN returns an Attach Reject (IMSI, Cause) message to the UE
8. If P-TMSI or VLR TMSI was changed, the UE acknowledges the received TMSI(s) with Attach Complete (P-TMSI, VLR TMSI).
9. If VLR TMSI was changed, the SGSN confirms the VLR TMSI re-allocation by sending TMSI Reallocation Complete (VLR TMSI) to the VLR.
.RRC Connection Establishment
.GPRS Attach Procedure
.Authentication & Security Mode Control
4.The SRNC transparently sends the contents of the UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messageto the CN through a DIRECT TRANSFER message, indicating AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE. If the
UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) judges that the authentication is successful, the UE returns a message with an XRES IE.
5.The CN sends a SECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the SRNC to initiate the security mode control procedure. The message contains the information about the supported ciphering
and integrity protection algorithms.
the VLR.
The PS Session Setup procedure is performed to set up a PS session
Triggering Conditions: The UE send Activate PDP context request message to RNC. PDP Context Activation is performed when the UE initiates a packet call setup. The UE has the state Packet
Mobility Management Connected that enables the user to transmitt and receive data while moving within a PLMN. and starts the PDP context activation procedure used to set up and remove a
virtual data channel between a terminal connected to a UE and a GGSN. PDP contexts deal with allocation of IP addresses to the UE and Quality of Service, QoS, parameters. A Radio Access
bearer establishes on request of the SGSN in order to realize the air interface connection. At the end the UE has an IP address NSAPI (Network layer Service Access Point Identifier) and a TLLI
(Temporary Logical Link Identity) associated to IMSI.
IP addresses can be allocated dynamically or statistically. If allocated dynamically, this significantly reduces the total number of IP addresses required per PLMN. Support of static IP address allocation
enables subscribers to provide their own IP addresses. This can be useful when accesing secure networks that use the calling IP address as a form of security check. The support of
QoS enables the operator to differentiate GPRS services.
When dynamic addressing from the home PLMN or the Visitor PLMN is used, it is the responsibility of the GGSN to allocate and release the dynamic PDP address.
1.The UE sends an Activate PDP Context Request (NSAPI, TI(Teardown Indication), PDP Type, Address, APN (Access Point Name), QoS (Quality of Service) Requested, PDP Configuration
Options) message to the SGSN The UE shall use PDP Address to indicate whether it requires the use of a static PDP address or whether it requires the use of a dynamic PDP address.
2. The SGSN sends a RAB Assignment Request message to the RNC to establish a RABs
3.The RNC establishes the appropriate radio bearer In WCDMA, RAB setup is done by the RAB Assignment procedure
4.The RNC returns a RAB Assignment Response message to the SGSN
5. The SGSN validates the active PDP Context Request using PDP Type (optional), PDP Address, APN (Access Point Name (optional) provided by the UE and the PDP context subscription
records.The SGSN sends a Create PDP Context Request message to the affected GGSN. Access Point Name shall be the APN Network Identifier of the APN. The GGSN may use Access Point
Name to find an external network and optionally to activate a service for this APN
6. The GGSN creates a new entry in its PDP context table and generates a Charging Id. The new entry allows the GGSN to route PDP PDUs (Policy Decision Point Protocol Data Units) between
the SGSN and the external PDP network, and to start charging
7.The SGSN inserts the Network layer Service Access Point Identifier, NSAPI along with the GGSN address in its PDP context and informs the UE via RNC that the PDP Context is Accepted. The
SGSN selects Radio Priority and Packet flow Id based on QoS Negotiated, and returns an Activate PDP Context Accept message to the UE. The SGSN is now able to route PDP PDUs between
theGGSN and the UE and to start charging
3.The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE message to the NodeB, requesting the NodeB to prepare for adding one or more DCHs to the existing radio links for carrying the
RAB.
5.(Optional; required for the ATM-based Iub interface only) The Iub ALCAP at the SRNC initiates an Iub user plane transport bearer setup procedure. The NodeB and the SRNC perform
synchronization by exchanging uplink and downlink synchronization frames in the DCH frame protocol.
and Uplink Data Transfer
.PS Session Setup
RAB.
The PS session release procedure is performed to release services and resources after a session ends.
Triggering Conditions : The UE send Deactivate PDP context request message to RNC. A PDP Context Deactivation is performed when the UE terminates a packet call. Before the
deactivation,the UE has the state Active. After the PDP Context deactivation procedure the state becomes Packet Mobility Management Connected.The RAB will be released if there are no other
PDP contexts activated.PDP Deactivation may be initiated by a:UE procedure,SGSN procedure,GGSN procedure
1.The UE sends a Deactivate PDP Context Request (TI, Teardown Indication) message to the SGSN via the RNC
2.The SGSN sends a Delete PDP Context Request (TEID, NSAPI, Teardown Indication) message to the GGSN. If Teardown Indication was included by the UE in the Deactivate PDP Context Request
message, then the SGSN deactivates all PDP contexts associated with this PDP address by including Teardown Indication in the Delete PDP Context Request message
3.The GGSN removes the PDP context(s) and returns a delete PDP Context Response (TEID) message to the SGSN. The Delete PDP Context messages are sent over the backbone network
4.The SGSN returns a Deactivate PDP Context Accept (TI) message to the UE via the RNC
5. In Iu mode, radio access bearer release is done by the RAB Assignment procedure
6. The SCCP connection between RNC and SGSN is released. At GPRS detach, all PDP contexts for the UE are implicitly deactivated
.PS Session Release
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration to
Upgrade/Downgrade Bit Rate
Triggering Conditions: After a n RAB is released,the SRNC judges whether the RRC connection carries any other RAB or the UE. If judging that the RRC connection does not carry other RAB
of the UE,the SRNC initiates an RRC connection release procedure.
The procedure shown is described as follows: based on the resouce occupied by the RRC connection,there are two types of RRC connection release procedure: release of an RRC connection from
DCH and release of an RRC connection from CCH (If an RRC connection needs to be released after a successful outgoing call,, the RRC connection on the DCH is released and if
a radio bearers fails to be setup ,the RRC connection on the CCH is released)
the same. The number of retransmissions and the transmission intervals are determined by the SRNC. If the SRNC does not receive an RRC CONNECTION RELEASE
procedure ends.
the VLR.
the VLR.
RAB.
RAB.
procedure ends.
the VLR.
the VLR.
RAB.
RAB.
procedure ends.
value=OriginatingBackgroundCall (PS MOC)
value=(-24+(33/2))=-7.5 dB
>>"RRC Connection Setup Complete Description" RRC:RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH)
value=not support HSDPA
RANAP: Initial UE Message GMM: (Attach Request)
RANAP: MM: Authentication & Ciphering Request
RANAP:MM: Authentication&Ciphering Response
RANAP: MM: Attach Accept
RANAP: MM: Attach Completed
RANAP: MM: Detach Request
RANAP: MM: Detach Accept
value=(-24+(33/2))=-7.5 dB
-22 -96 -80
-22 -96 -70
value=not support HSDPA
value=SF16(uplink)->PS64
value=SF32(downlink)->PS64
value=SF16(downlink)->PS128
33 -107 -16
33 -107 -26
Prepare
Ready
S-RNC
L1 Synchonization
UE NodeB
RRC: Initial Direct Transfer (GMM: Service Request)
L3 Messages - PS(HSDPA) Call Procedure
Start Rx
Start Tx
Commit
Prepare
Ready
Commit
Prepare
Ready
RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH)
RRC:Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH)
RRC:Measurement Report (e1d)
Commit
Request
Response
RANAP: GMM:Service Request
S-RNC CN
L3 Messages - PS(HSDPA) Call Procedure
2.PS Session Setup
HSDPA's Serving Cell Change
4. Downlink and Uplink Data Transfer
1. The UE initiates the PS Session by using the Service Request (Service Type=Data) message. After the RR setup completion the UE asks for initial direct transfer to the serving node. The RNC
sets-up an SCCP connection with the SGSN and transfers the initial service request (Authentication and ciphering may performed depends on operator's setting)
RAB.
.PS Session Setup
procedure ends.
RAB.
HSDPA's Serving Cell Change
. Downlink and Uplink Data Transfer
procedure ends.
.PS Session Release
RAB.
procedure ends.
RAB.
procedure ends.
RAB.
procedure ends.
RAB.
procedure ends.
value=(-24+(37/2))=-5.5 dB
value=HSDPA Release5
>>"RRC Connection Setup Complete Description" RRC:RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH)
value=support GSM (Dual Mode GSM<>UMTS)
value=support HSDPA, UE Category 6
value=(-24+(37/2))=-5.5 dB
value=HSDPA Release5
Default Constant DPCCH_Power_offset CPICH_RSCP
-22 -96 -80
-22 -96 -70
value=support GSM (Dual Mode GSM<>UMTS)
value=HSDPA Channel Information
value=hs-SCCH , Fixed SF 128 , Code No=4,5,6,7
In theory, one cell can configure up to 15 HS-SCCH. But now commercial UE can only monitor up to 4 HS-SCCH channels simultaneously. So one cell only configure up to 4 HS-SCCH channels
value=SF256(downlink)
value=HSDPA Serving Cell's Primary SC =30
value=SF256(downlink)
value=PrimarySC=30, no longer a HSDPA serving cell ( HSDPA Serving Cell Change)
(Old HSDPA's Serving Cell)
value=PrimarySC=9 is a new HSDPA serving cell ( HSDPA Serving Cell Change)
(New HSDPA's Serving Cell)
value=0000000000010001000111011100=> RNCid=bin2dec(000000000001)=1 and Cellid=bin2dec(0001000111011100)=4572
33 -107 -16
33 -107 -26
In theory, one cell can configure up to 15 HS-SCCH. But now commercial UE can only monitor up to 4 HS-SCCH channels simultaneously. So one cell only configure up to 4 HS-SCCH channels
value=0000000000010001000111011100=> RNCid=bin2dec(000000000001)=1 and Cellid=bin2dec(0001000111011100)=4572
Prepare
Ready
L3 Messages - PS(HSUPA) Call Procedure
Start Rx
Start Tx
S-RNC
L1 Synchonization
UE NodeB
Commit
Prepare
Ready
Commit
Prepare
Ready
Commit
Request
Response
L3 Messages - PS(HSUPA) Call Procedure
S-RNC CN
2.PS Session Setup
HSPA's Serving Cell Change
4. Downlink and Uplink Data Transfer
RAB.
.PS Session Setup
procedure ends.
RAB.
HSPA's Serving Cell Change
. Downlink and Uplink Data Transfer
procedure ends.
.PS Session Release
RAB.
procedure ends.
RAB.
procedure ends.
RAB.
procedure ends.
RAB.
procedure ends.
value=hex2dec(03EA)=1002
value=(-24+(39/2))=-4.5 dB
value=Primary Scrambling Code=60 ( Neighbour's SC)
value=(-24+(37/2))=-5.5 dB
value=HSPA Release6
value=UE support HSDPA and E-DCH (HSUPA)
RRC:RRC Connection Setup Complete (DCCH)
value=(-24+(39/2))=-4.5 dB
value=Primary Scrambling Code=60 ( Neighbour's SC)
value=(-24+(37/2))=-5.5 dB
value=HSPA Release6
value=UE support HSDPA and E-DCH (HSUPA)
Default Constant DPCCH_Power_offsetCPICH_RSCP
value=use Closed Loop Power Control Algorithm1 -22 -94 -80
-22 -94 -70
value=Uplink e-DPDCH (HSUPA) channel information
value=Downlink HS-PDSCH channel information
value=HSDPA and HSUPA Serving Cell's Primary SC =68
value=PrimarySC=68, no longer a HSDPA & HSUPA serving cell ( HSPA Serving Cell Change)
value=PrimarySC=60 is a new HSDPA&HSUPA serving cell ( HSPA Serving Cell Change)
33 -105 -14
33 -105 -24
"or"
Intra-Frequency Soft Handover within NodeB(Softer-HO)
RRC:Measurement Report (e1b)
RRC:Measurement Report (e1c)
1.RRC: Active Set Update (DCCH)
2. RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH)
UE NodeB1
RRC:Measurement Report (e1a)
L3 Messages - Intra-Frequency Soft Handover Procedure
*Source
"or"
UE NodeB1 NodeB2
Intra-Frequency Soft Handover between NodeBs in a RNC
*Target
"or"
2.NBAP:Radio Link Setup Request
Note: the following information about the procedure ,
1. During the handover, NodeB 1 is the source NodeB and NodeB 2 is the target NodeB.
2.If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iubinterface
after radio links are set up or deleted.
UE D-RNC
Intra-Frequency Soft Handover between RNCs
NodeB2
3.NBAP:Radio Link Setup Response
1.QAAL2 Establish Request
2.QAAL2 Establish Confirm
1.NBAP:Radio Link Restore Indication
NBAP:Radio Link Deletion Req
NBAP:Radio Link Deletion Resp
QAAL2 Release Request
QAAL2 Release Confirm
2.RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH)
ALCAP: Iur User Plane Setup
Note : the following information about the procedure ,
1.During the handover, NodeB 1 is the source NodeB and NodeB 2 is the target NodeB.
2. If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iub
interface after radio links are set up or deleted.
3.If IP transport is applied to the Iur interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iurinterface
2.NBAP:Radio Link Setup Resp

1.NBAP:Radio Link Deletion Req
2.NBAP:Radio Link Deletion Resp
Measurement Control: is used to notify the UE of the objects to be measured, neighbor cell list, report method, and event parameters.When measurement conditions are
changed, the RNC notifies the UE of new conditions.
Measurement Report: the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are met, the UE reports
the results to the RNC as an event. The Measurement report is also can be sent in periodic mode.
Intra-Frequency Soft Handover within NodeB(Softer-HO)
The active set update procedure is performed to update the active set of radio links between theUE and the UTRAN.
Triggering Conditions: The active set update procedure can be triggered in either of the following conditions: Radio link addition or Radio link deletion
1.The SRNC sends an ACTIVE SET UPDATE message to the UE. If a radio link needs to be added, the message indicates radio link addition. If a radio link needs to be
deleted, themessage indicates radio link deletion.
2.The UE adds or deletes the radio links according to the Radio Link Addition Informationor Radio Link Removal Information IE contained in the ACTIVE SET UPDATE
message.
-lf adding or deleting the radio links successfully, the UE sends an ACTIVE SETUPDATE COMPLETE message on the DCCH by using Acknowledged Mode (AM)Radio
Link Control (RLC).
-If the ACTIVE SET UPDATE message contains the configuration not supported by the UE or if the active set does not contain the radio links specified by the
Radio Link Removal Information IE, the UE sends an ACTIVE SET UPDATE FAILURE message.
Decision to
delete old
radio link
Radio Link Addition Procedure is performed to add one or more radio links towards a UE.
Triggering Conditions: The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK ADDITION REQUEST message.
The procedure of radio link setup is described as follows:
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK ADDITION REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB reserves the necessary resources and configures
the new radio link or links according to the parameters given in the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.
-If all the requested radio links are added, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration Generation ID IE contained in the RADIO LINK ADDITION REQUEST message
andsends a RADIO LINK ADDITION RESPONSE message.
-If any radio link fails to be added, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK ADDITION FAILURE message. The message contains the failure cause in the Cause IE.
Decision to
setup new
radio link
Radio Link Deletion Procedure is performed to release resources in a NodeB for one or more established radio links towards a UE
Triggering Conditions: The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message.
The procedure of radio link deletion is described as follows:
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB deletes the radio links specified by the message
-If the radio link are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message.
-If the radio link fails to be deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message. The message contains the failure cause.
>>Intra-Frequency SHO Algorithm and related parameters (Module II)
S-RNC
Radio Link Addition
Radio Link Deletion
Measurement Control
& Measurement Report
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
Active Set Update
*Target
QAAL2 Establish Request
QAAL2 Establish Confirm
NBAP:Radio Link Restore Indication
The Iub user plane setup procedure is performed to set up bearers for data transmission on the Iub interface
Triggering Conditions: The Iub user plane setup procedure can be triggered in one of the following conditions:
1. The common transport channels are setup
2. The dedicated transport channels are setup
1.The CRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to send a QAAL2 ESTABLISH REQUEST messageto the NodeB.
2.The NodeB uses the ALCAP protocol to send a response message to the CRNC.
-If the Iub data transport bearers are set up, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISH CONFIRM message.
-If an Iub data transport bearer fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISH RELEASE CONFIRM message.
message.
Link Control (RLC).
The radio link setup procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover) is performed to set up a radio link in an SRNC-controlled NodeB for a UE
Triggering Conditions: The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message.
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB reserves the necessary resources and configures the
new radio link according to the parameters given in the message.
-If the radio link is set up, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration Generation ID IE contained in the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and sends a
RADIOLINK SETUP RESPONSE message.
-If the radio link fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE message. The message contains the failure cause.
S-RNC
Decision to
delete old
radio link
The radio link restoration procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover) is performed for a NodeB to notify the CRNC that the uplink
synchronization of one or more radio links is achieved or re-achieved
Triggering Conditions: The nodeB detect UL signals from the UE. That is ,the NodeB finishs UL synchronization with the UE
After performing UL synchronization with the UE, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION message to the CRNC.
Decision to
setup new
radio link
Intra-Frequency Soft Handover between NodeBs in a RNC
Radio Link Setup
Active Set Update
Radio Link Deletion
Iub user plane Setup
Iub radio link restore Indication
Measurement Control
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
*Target *Source
Decision
to setup
new radio
link
NodeB1
The Iub user plane release procedure is performed to release data transport bearers from the Iub interface.
Triggering Conditions: The transport channels on the Iub user plane need to be removed
1.The CRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to send a QAAL2 RELEASE REQUEST messageto the NodeB.
-If the Iub data transport bearers are released, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 RELEASE CONFIRM message to confirm the release.
-lf an Iub data transport bearer fails to be released, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 RELEASECONFIRM message that indicates the failure cause
Intra-Frequency Soft Handover between RNCs
message.
Link Control (RLC).
1.RNSAP:Radio Link Setup Request
S-RNC
Iub user plane release
Radio Link Deletion
Measurement Control
& Measurement
Decision
to delete
old radio
link
2.RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH)
2.RNSAP:Radio Link Restore Indication
4.RNSAP:Radio Link Setup Response
1.RNSAP:Radio Link Deletion Req
Active Set
Iur Radio Link Restore Indication
Iur user plane Setup
Iub Radio Link Restore Indication
Active Set
Measurement Control
& Measurement
Iub user plane
release
Radio Link Setup
Radio Link Deletion
Iur user plane release
message.
Link Control (RLC).
message.
Link Control (RLC).
The radio link setup procedure for inter-RNC handover is performed to set up a radio link in a DRNC-controlled NodeB for a UE
Triggering Conditions: The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message
1.The SRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the DRNC.
2.The DRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the target NodeB.
3.The NodeB reserves the necessary resources and configures the new radio link accordingto the parameters given in the message.
4.The NodeB reports the radio link setup result to the DRNC
-If the radio link is set up, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration GenerationID IE contained in the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and sends a RADIOLINK
SETUP RESPONSE message.
-If the radio link fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE message.
5.The DRNC reports the radio link setup result to the SRNC
-If the radio link is set up, the DRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSEmessage.
-If the radio link fails to be set up, the DRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP FAILUREmessage, indicating the failure cause.
message.
Link Control (RLC).
Measurement Report: the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are met, the UE reports the
results to the RNC as an event. The Measurement report is also can be sent in periodic mode.
Measurement Control
The Iur user plane setup procedure is performed to set up bearers for data transmission on the Iur interface
Triggering Conditons: The DCHs are set up
1.The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to send a QAAL2 ESTABLISH REQUEST messageto the DRNC.
2.The DRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to send a response message to the SRNC.
-If the Iur data transport bearers are set up, the DRNC sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISHCONFIRM message.
-If an Iur data transport bearer fails to be set up, the DRNC sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISHRELEASE CONFIRM message.
The active set update procedure is performed to update the active set of radio links between the UE and the UTRAN.
1.The SRNC sends an ACTIVE SET UPDATE message to the UE. If a radio link needs to be added, the message indicates radio link addition. If a radio link needs to be deleted,
themessage indicates radio link deletion.
2.The UE adds or deletes the radio links according to the Radio Link Addition Informationor Radio Link Removal Information IE contained in the ACTIVE SET UPDATE message.
-lf adding or deleting the radio links successfully, the UE sends an ACTIVE SETUPDATE COMPLETE message on the DCCH by using Acknowledged Mode (AM)Radio Link
Control (RLC).
-If the ACTIVE SET UPDATE message contains the configuration not supported by the UE or if the active set does not contain the radio links specified by the Radio
Link Removal Information IE, the UE sends an ACTIVE SET UPDATE FAILURE message.
The radio link restoration procedure for inter-RNC handover is performed for a NodeB to notify the SRNC that the uplink synchronization of one or more radio links is
achieved or re-achieved.
Triggering Conditons: The NodeB detects UL signals from the UE. That is, the NodeB finishes UL synchronizationwith the UE.
1.After performing UL synchronization with the UE, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINKRESTORE INDICATION message to the DRNC.
2.The DRNC sends a RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION message to the SRNC.
Active Set Update
Active Set Update
Measurement Control
Iub user plane
release
Link Setup
Radio Link Deletion
Control (RLC).
The radio link deletion procedure is performed to release resources in a NodeB for one or more established radio links towards a UE.
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB deletes the radio links specified by the message.
-If all the radio links are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message
-If any radio link fails to be deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETIONRESPONSE message. The Criticality Diagnostics field in the message indicates the failure
cause.
Triggering Conditions: The transport channels on the Iub user plane need to be removed.
-If the Iub data transport bearers are released, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 RELEASECONFIRM message to confirm the release.
-If an Iub data transport bearer fails to be released, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 RELEASECONFIRM message that indicates the failure cause.
The Iur user plane release procedure is performed to releaseto release data transport bearers from the Iur interface.
message.
Link Control (RLC).
s
message.
Link Control (RLC).
message.
Link Control (RLC).
Measurement Report: the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are met, the UE reports the
results to the RNC as an event. The Measurement report is also can be sent in periodic mode.
Triggering Conditons: The DCHs are set up
1.The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to send a QAAL2 ESTABLISH REQUEST messageto the DRNC.
-If the Iur data transport bearers are set up, the DRNC sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISHCONFIRM message.
-If an Iur data transport bearer fails to be set up, the DRNC sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISHRELEASE CONFIRM message.
Control (RLC).
The radio link restoration procedure for inter-RNC handover is performed for a NodeB to notify the SRNC that the uplink synchronization of one or more radio links is
achieved or re-achieved.
Triggering Conditons: The NodeB detects UL signals from the UE. That is, the NodeB finishes UL synchronizationwith the UE.
Control (RLC).
-If all the radio links are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message
-If any radio link fails to be deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETIONRESPONSE message. The Criticality Diagnostics field in the message indicates the failure
cause.
The Iur user plane release procedure is performed to releaseto release data transport bearers from the Iur interface.
value=Intra-freq meas L3 filter coeff=3
value=Intra-freq Measure Quantity use CPICH Ec/No
value=event1a triggered by detected and MonitorSet Cells ( DETSET_ADD_TO_ACTSET_SWITCH and DETSET_RPRT_SWITCH is "Active")
value=3 dB (IntraRelThdFor1A),step: 0.5
value=0
value=Maximum active set size =3 ( if number of cell in Active Set more than 2 then cannot trigger e1a)
value=16
value=4000ms
value=0
value=320ms
value=UE report All Active Set Cells +6 Monitor/Detected Set Cells
value=event1b triggered by Active Set Cells Only
value=6 dB (IntraRelThdFor1B) ,step: 0.5
value=0
value=0
value=640ms
value=UE report All 3 Active Set Cells
value=event1C triggered when Active Set is full (Maximum 3 cells in Active Set)
value=16
value=4000ms
value=4 dB (1C hysteresis),step: 0.5
value=640ms
value=4dB (1D hysteresis),step: 0.5
value=640ms
value=UE report All Active Set Cells +3 Monitor Set Cells
value=1F event absolute EcNo threshold =-24 dB
value=4 dB,step: 0.5
value=640ms
value=Event1a is triggered
value=To add neighbour Primary Scrambling Code=13 into Active Set
value=CPICH Ec/No=-24+(31/2) =-8.5 dB
value=CPICH RSCP=-115+34=-81 dBm
value=Event1b is triggered
value=To delete neighbour Primary Scrambling Code=74 from Active Set
RRC: Active Set Update (DCCH)
RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH)
RRC: Active Set Update (DCCH)
RRC: Active Set Update Complete (DCCH)
value=intraFrequencyMeasurement
value=intraFrequencyCell List
value=IntraFreqCellID of Serving Cell=0
value=Primary Scrambling Code of Serving Cell=74
>>"Measurement Control and Measurement Report"
value=IntraFreqCellID of Serving 1st neighbourCell=1
value=CIO=0 (No offset on this neighbour cell)
value=Primary Scrambling Code of 1st Neighbour Cell=106
value=Intra-freq meas L3 filter coeff=3
value=Intra-freq Measure Quantity use CPICH Ec/No
value=3 dB (IntraRelThdFor1A),step: 0.5
value=0
value=Maximum active set size =3 ( if number of cell in Active Set more than 2 then cannot trigger e1a)
value=16
value=4000ms
value=0
value=320ms
value=event1b triggered by Active Set Cells Only
value=6 dB (IntraRelThdFor1B) ,step: 0.5
value=0
value=0
value=640ms
value=event1C triggered when Active Set is full (Maximum 3 cells in Active Set)
value=16
value=4000ms
value=4 dB (1C hysteresis),step: 0.5
value=640ms
value=4dB (1D hysteresis),step: 0.5
value=640ms
value=UE report All Active Set Cells +3 Monitor Set Cells
value=event1f triggered by Active Set Cells Only
value=1F event absolute EcNo threshold =-24 dB
value=4 dB,step: 0.5
value=640ms
>>"Measurement Report"
value=Event1a is triggered
value=To add neighbour Primary Scrambling Code=13 into Active Set
value=Event1b is triggered
value=To delete neighbour Primary Scrambling Code=74 from Active Set
value=CPICH Ec/No=-24+(20/2) =-14 dB
value=CPICH Ec/No=-24+(8/2) =-20 dB
value=Event1c is triggered
value=To replace Cell Primary Scrambling Code=56 by Cell Primary Scrambling Code=106
*Source
L3 Messages - Intra-Frequency Hard Handover Procedure
UE NodeB1 NodeB2
Intra-Frequency Hard Handover between NodeBs in a RNC
Start Tx
Start Rx
1.RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH)
2. RRC:Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH)
Stop Rx/Tx
*Target
1. During the handover, NodeB 1 is the source NodeB and NodeB 2 is the target NodeB.
2.If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iub interface
1.QAAL2 Release Request
2.QAAL2 Release Confirm
D-RNC
Intra-Frequency Hard Handover between RNCs
NodeB2 UE
Start Rx
Start Tx
1. RRC:Physical Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH)
2. If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iub interface
*Target
>>Intra-Frequency HHO Algorithm and related parameters
NodeB2 S-RNC
Intra-Frequency Hard Handover between NodeBs in a RNC
Start Tx
Decision to
delete old
radio link
Decision to
setup new
radio link
Start Rx
Radio Link Setup
Physical Reconfiguration
Radio Link Deletion
Measurement Control
*Target *Source *Source
>>Measurement Control&Report Description
D-RNC NodeB1
Intra-Frequency Hard Handover between RNCs
S-RNC
Decision to
setup new
radio link
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Stop
Rx/Tx
Decision to
delete old
radio link
>>Intra-Frequency HHO Algorithm and related parameters
2.The NodeB uses the ALCAP protocol to send a response message to the CRNC.lIf the Iub data transport bearers are set up, the NodeB sends a QAAL2
ESTABLISH CONFIRM message.If an Iub data transport bearer fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISH RELEASE CONFIRM message.
Measurement Control is used to notify the UE of the objects to be measured, neighbor cell list, report method, and event parameters.When measurement
conditions are changed, the RNC notifies the UE of new conditions.
Measurement Report, the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are
met, the UE reports the results to the RNC as an event. The Measurement report is also can be sent in periodic mode.
The radio link setup procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover) is performed to set up a radio link in an SRNC-controlled NodeB
for a UE
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB reserves the necessary resources
and configures the new radio link according to the parameters given in the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.If the radio link is set up, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration Generation ID IE contained
in the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and sends a RADIOLINK SETUP RESPONSE message.If the radio link fails to be set up, the NodeB
sends a RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE message. The message contains the failure cause.
The radio link restoration procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover)is performed for a NodeB to notify the CRNC that the uplink
After performing UL synchronization with the UE, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK RESTOREINDICATION message to the CRNC.
The physical channel reconfiguration procedure is performed to set up, reconfigure, or releasea physical channel
1.The SRNC sends a PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message to the UE to request reconfiguration of a physical channel.
2.The UE saves the IEs of the UE, Radio Bearer (RB), transport channel, and physical channel.The UE sends a response message to the SRNC.
->If successfully reconfiguring the physical channels specified by the PHYSICALCHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message, the UE sends a PHYSICAL
CHANNELRECONFIGURATION COMPLETE message on the uplink DCCH by using AM RLC
->If failing to reconfigure the physical channels specified by the PHYSICAL CHANNELRECONFIGURATION message, the UE restores the configuration to
the old physicalchannel configuration and sends a PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION FAILURE message on the DCCH by using AM RLC. The
value of the Failure cause IE contained in the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION FAILURE message is "physical channel failure".
*Source
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB deletes the radio links specified
by the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.lf all the radio links are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE
message.
3. lf any radio link fails to be deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message. The Criticality Diagnostics field in the message
indicates the failure cause.
>>Measurement Control&Report Description
The Iub user plane release procedure is performed to release data transport bearers from the Iubinterface.
->If the Iub data transport bearers are released, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 RELEASE CONFIRM message to confirm the release.
->lf an Iub data transport bearer fails to be released, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 RELEASECONFIRM message that indicates the failure cause
Measurement Control is used to notify the UE of the objects to be measured, neighbor cell list, report method, and event parameters.When measurement conditions are changed, the RNC
notifies the UE of new conditions.
Measurement Report, the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are met, the UE reports the results to
the RNC as an event. The Measurement report is also can be sent in periodic mode.
3.The NodeB reserves the necessary resources and configures the new radio link according to the parameters given in the message.The NodeB reports the radio link setup result to the
DRNC.
->If the radio link is set up, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration GenerationID IE contained in the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and sends a RADIOLINK SETUP
RESPONSE message.
->If the radio link fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK SETUP FAILUREmessage.
4.The DRNC reports the radio link setup result to the SRNC.
->If the radio link is set up, the DRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSEmessage.
->If the radio link fails to be set up, the DRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE message, indicating the failure cause.
Measurement Control
Radio Link Setup
->If the Iub data transport bearers are set up, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISH CONFIRM message.
->If an Iub data transport bearer fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISH RELEASE CONFIRM message
The radio link restoration procedure for inter-RNC handover is performed for a NodeB to notify the SRNC that the uplink synchronization of one or more radio links is achieved or re-
achieved.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
->If successfully reconfiguring the physical channels specified by the PHYSICALCHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message, the UE sends a PHYSICAL CHANNELRECONFIGURATION
COMPLETE message on the uplink DCCH by using AM RLC
->If failing to reconfigure the physical channels specified by the PHYSICAL CHANNELRECONFIGURATION message, the UE restores the configuration to the old physicalchannel
configuration and sends a PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION FAILURE message on the DCCH by using AM RLC. The value of the Failure cause IE contained in the PHYSICAL
CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION FAILURE message is "physical channel failure".
->lf all the radio links are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message.
->lf any radio link fails to be deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message. The Criticality Diagnostics field in the message indicates the failure cause.
1.The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to send a QAAL2 ESTABLISH REQUEST message to the DRNC.
->If the Iur data transport bearers are set up, the DRNC sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISHCONFIRM message.
->If an Iur data transport bearer fails to be set up, the DRNC sends a QAAL2 ESTABLISHRELEASE CONFIRM message.
Radio Link Deletion
Radio Link Setup
The Iur user plane release procedure is performed to release data transport bearers from the Iur interface
1.The SRNC uses the ALCAP protocol to send a QAAL2 RELEASE REQUEST messageto the DRNC.
->If the Iur data transport bearers are released, the DRNC sends a QAAL2 RELEASECONFIRM message to confirm the release.
->If an Iur data transport bearer fails to be released, the DRNC sends a QAAL2 RELEASECONFIRM message that indicates the failure cause.
Measurement Report, the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are
met, the UE reports the results to the RNC as an event. The Measurement report is also can be sent in periodic mode.
The radio link setup procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover) is performed to set up a radio link in an SRNC-controlled NodeB
for a UE
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB reserves the necessary resources
and configures the new radio link according to the parameters given in the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.If the radio link is set up, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration Generation ID IE contained
in the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and sends a RADIOLINK SETUP RESPONSE message.If the radio link fails to be set up, the NodeB
sends a RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE message. The message contains the failure cause.
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB deletes the radio links specified
by the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.lf all the radio links are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE
message.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
achieved.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
achieved.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
*Source
RRC:Physical Channel Reconfiguration (DCCH)
L3 Messages - Inter-Frequency Hard Handover Procedure
UE NodeB1 NodeB2
Inter-Frequency Hard Handover between NodeBs in a RNC
NBAP: Compressed Mode Command
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit
Start Rx
*Target
Stop Rx/Tx
1.The radio link setup procedure shown in the figure applies when the source and target cellsof the
handover are controlled by different NodeBs. If the source and target cells arecontrolled by the same
NodeB, the radio link setup procedure should be replaced by theradio link addition procedure, and the
radio link restoration procedure is excluded.
3.If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iub interface
UE
Start Tx
NodeB2 D-RNC
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Start Rx
Inter-Frequency Hard Handover between RNCs
Start Tx
2. If IP transport is applied to the Iub interface, no ALCAP procedure is performed on the Iub interface
*Target
>>Intrer-Frequency HHO Algorithm and related parameters
S-RNC
Inter-Frequency Hard Handover between NodeBs in a RNC
Decision to
setup new
radio link
>>Compressed Mode Description Module II
Radio Link Setup
Measurement Control
Initial Compressed Mode Configuration
Inter-Freq Neighbour cells measurement
*Target *Source *Source
Decision to
delete old
radio link
NodeB1 S-RNC
Radio Link Deletion
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Decision to
setup new
radio link
Inter-Frequency Hard Handover between RNCs
Stop
Rx/Tx
Decision to
delete old
radio link
Radio Link Deletion
Radio
>>Intrer-Frequency HHO Algorithm and related parameters
Measurement Report, the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are met,
the UE reports the results to the RNC as an event. The Measurement report is also can be sent in periodic mode.
The radio link setup procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover) is performed to set up a radio link in an SRNC-controlled NodeB for a
UE
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB reserves the necessary resources and
configures the new radio link according to the parameters given in the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.If the radio link is set up, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration Generation ID IE contained in
the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and sends a RADIOLINK SETUP RESPONSE message.If the radio link fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a
RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE message. The message contains the failure cause.
Compressed Mode was introduced to WCDMA to allow inter-frequency and Inter-RAT Handovers. It is used to create idle periods (gaps) in the transmission
during which neighbour cells measurements on another frequency can be made.
->If failing to reconfigure the physical channels specified by the PHYSICAL CHANNELRECONFIGURATION message, the UE restores the configuration to the
old physicalchannel configuration and sends a PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION FAILURE message on the DCCH by using AM RLC. The value of
the Failure cause IE contained in the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION FAILURE message is "physical channel failure".
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB deletes the radio links specified by
the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.lf all the radio links are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
achieved.
Radio Link Deletion
Radio Link Setup
Measurement Report, the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are met,
the UE reports the results to the RNC as an event. The Measurement report is also can be sent in periodic mode.
The radio link setup procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover) is performed to set up a radio link in an SRNC-controlled NodeB for a
UE
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB reserves the necessary resources and
configures the new radio link according to the parameters given in the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.If the radio link is set up, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration Generation ID IE contained in
the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and sends a RADIOLINK SETUP RESPONSE message.If the radio link fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a
RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE message. The message contains the failure cause.
Compressed Mode was introduced to WCDMA to allow inter-frequency and Inter-RAT Handovers. It is used to create idle periods (gaps) in the transmission
during which neighbour cells measurements on another frequency can be made.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK DELETION REQUEST message to the NodeB. After receiving the message, the NodeB deletes the radio links specified by
the message.
2.The NodeB sends a response message to the CRNC.lf all the radio links are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
achieved.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
DRNC.
RESPONSE message.
achieved.
S-RNC
7.RRC: Handover from UTRAN Command
Inter-RAT CS Handover from WCDMA to GSM
2. RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH)
Decision
to HO to
GSM cell
RRC:Measurement Report (e2f)
NodeB
L3 Messages - Inter-RAT Handover Procedure
UE
NBAP:Radio Link Deletion Request
NBAP:Radio Link Deletion Response
5.NBAP:Radio Link setup Response
9.Handover Completed
Inter-RAT CS Handover from GSM to WCDMA
UE NodeB S-RNC
1.This figure presents only a brief of the signaling between the MSC server and the MSC(GSM) and
that between the MSC (GSM) and the BSC (GSM).
2.The SRNC sends a HANDOVER FROM UTRAN COMMAND message to the UE. The message
contains the RAB ID, the activation time, the GSM frequency, and the GSM information in bit
strings.
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
24.RRC: UTRAN Mobility Information Confirm (DCCH)
2.After receiving a RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION message, the RNC sends a
RELOCATION DETECT message to the MSC server to inform the MSC server that the UE has
been handed over from GSM to WCDMA.
3.After the UE is handed over, it sends a HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMPLETE message to the
RNC. If the handover fails, the UE reports the failure to the GSM system.
4.After receiving a HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMPLETE message, the RNC sends a
RELOCATION COMPLETE message to the MSC server. In addition, the RNC controls the UE to
perform the UTRAN mobility information procedure, the UE capability enquiry procedure, and the
security mode control procedure.
5.In practice, the signaling messages traced may differ from the signaling message shown inthe
figure in terms of the sequence
17.RRC: Security Mode Complete(DCCH)
23.RRC: UTRAN Mobility Information (DCCH)
9.Inter-System to UTRAN Handover Command
12.RRC: Handover to UTRAN Complete(DCCH)
13.RRC: UE Capability Enquiry(DCCH)
14.RRC: UE Capability Information (DCCH)
16.RRC: Security Mode Command(DCCH)
15.RRC: UE Capability Information Confirm (DCCH)
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
2.After receiving a RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION message, the RNC sends a
RELOCATION DETECT message to the MSC server to inform the MSC server that the UE has
been handed over from GSM to WCDMA.
3.After the UE is handed over, it sends a HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMPLETE message to the
RNC. If the handover fails, the UE reports the failure to the GSM system.
4.After receiving a HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMPLETE message, the RNC sends a
RELOCATION COMPLETE message to the MSC server. In addition, the RNC controls the UE to
perform the UTRAN mobility information procedure, the UE capability enquiry procedure, and the
security mode control procedure.
5.In practice, the signaling messages traced may differ from the signaling message shown inthe
figure in terms of the sequence
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
1.RANAP: Relocation Required
2.Prepare Handover
3.Handover Request
4.Handover Request
Acknowledge
5.Prepare Handover
Response
6.RANAP:Relocation Command
MSC
2G
MSC 3G
8.Handover Detect
10.Handover Complete
11.Send End Signal
Request
12.RANAP: IU Release Command
13.RANAP: IU Release Complete
14.Send End Signal
Response
1.Handover Required
2.Prepare Handover
3.RANAP: Relocation Request
6.RANAP:Relocation Request
Acknowledge
7.Prepare Handover
Response
9.Handover Completed
MSC-2G MSC-3G
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
8.Handover Command
9.Handover Complete
11.RANAP:Relocation Detect
18.RANAP:Relocation
Complete
19.Send End Signal
Request
20.Clear Command
21.Clear Complete
22.Send End Signal
Response
9.Inter-System to UTRAN Handover Command
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
The Inter-RAT Handover procedure is described as follows:
1. The SRNC sends the 3G MSC a RANAP message "Relocation Required" if the condition of Inter-RAT Outgoing HO is met
2. As indicated in the received message,the 3G MSC forwards this request to the 2G MSC on the MAP/E interface through a MAP message "Prepare
Handover"
3. The 2G MSC forwards the request to the BSC. The message shown in the figure is for reference only and is subject to the actual conditon of the GSM
4. The BSC responds to this request. The message shown in the figure is for reference only and is subject to the actual conditon of the GSM
5. Once the initial procedures are completed in the 2G MSC/BSS,the 2G MSC returns a MAP/E message 'Prepare Handover Response"
6. The 3G MSC sends the SRNC a RANAP message "Relocation Command"
7. The SRNC send the UE and RRC message "Handover from UTRAN" through the existing RRC connection. This message may include information from one or
several other systems
8. The BSC performs handover detection. The figure does not show such procedures as GSM BSS synchronization. The message shown in the figure is for
reference and is subject to the actual conditon of GSM
9. The UE send the BSC a "Handover Complete" message
10. The BSC sends the MSC a 'Handover Complete" message. The message shown in the figure for reference only and is subject to the actual condition of the
GSM
11. After detecting the UE in the coverage area of the GSM,the MSC sends the CN a MAP/E message "Send End Signal Request"
12. The CN sends the former SRNC and "Iu Release Command" message , requesting the former SRNC to release the allocated resource
13. After the bearer resource is related in the UMTS, the former SRNC sends the CN an "Iu Release Complete" message
14. After the call ends, the CN sends the MSC a MAP/E message "Send End Signal Response"
Measurement Control is used to notify the UE of the objects to be measured, neighbor cell list, report method, and event parameters.When measurement conditions are
Measurement Report, the UE continue measure the radio link condition of serving and neighbour cell and when the measurement reporting criterias are met, the UE reports
Compressed Mode was introduced to WCDMA to allow inter-frequency and Inter-RAT Handovers. It is used to create idle periods (gaps) in the transmission during which
neighbour cells measurements on another frequency can be made.
>>Compressed Mode Description
The relocation preparation procedure is performed to prepare resources for relocation of the SRNS
1.The SRNC sends a RELOCATION REQUIRED message to the CN. The message contains certain information such as relocation type, relocation cause, source PLMN,
source LAC,source SAC, target PLMN, and target CI,LAC.
2.The CN interacts with the target RNC or the target network system, such as the GSM system, to prepare relevant resources.
->If the target RNC or the target network system prepares the relevant resources successfully, the CN sends a RELOCATION COMMAND message when the preparation is
complete. The message contains the L3 information IE, which carries the information about the relevant resources allocated by the target RNC or the target network system.
->If the resources partially or totally fail to be allocated, the CN sends a RELOCATIONPREPARATION FAILURE message.
BSC
2G
>>Measurement Control&Report (Inter-RAT) Description
>>Inter-RAT HO Algorithm and related parameters
Measurement Control
Initial Compressed Mode Configuration
GSM RSSI Measurement
and BSIC Verification
Relocation Preparation
->If all the radio links are deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETION RESPONSE message.
->If any radio link fails to be deleted, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK DELETIONRESPONSE message. The Criticality Diagnostics field in the message indicates the failure
cause.
Handover"
GSM
The Iu release procedure is performed for the CN to release an Iu connection and all the UTRANresources related only to that Iu connection
1.The CN sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNC to initiate the Iu release procedure. The message indicates the cause for the release of the signaling
connection.
NOTE: After sending the IU RELEASE COMMAND message, the CN will not send further RANAP connection-oriented messages on this particular connection.
BSC
2G
The relocation resource allocation procedure is performed to allocate resources from the targetRNS for an SRNS relocation.
The relocation resource allocation procedure can be triggered in either of the followingconditions:
1. During an SRNS relocation, the CN applies for resources from the target RNC
2. During an inter-RAT CS handover from GSM to WCDMA, the CN applies for resources from the target RNC
1.The CN sends a RELOCATION REQUEST message to the target RNC. The message contains certain information, such as the IMSI of the UE, CN domain indicator, target
cell identifier, encryption, integrity protection, Iu signaling connection ID, handover cause, andRAB parameters.
2.The target RNC allocates radio resources for the relocation.
3.The target RNC sends a response message to the CN.
->If the resources are allocated, the target RNC sends a RELOCATION REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message. The message contains the radio resources and other
parameters allocated to the UE. The parameters include the UTRAN Radio NetworkTemporary Identifier (U-RNTI), RAB, transport layer and physical layer information,chosen
encryption algorithm, and chosen integrity protection algorithm.
->If the resources partially or totally fail to be allocated or the target RNC rejects the SRNS relocation for some reason, the target RNC sends a RELOCATION
FAILURE message,indicating the failure cause
Handover
Iu release
Radio Link Deletion
Relocation Resource allocation
The security mode control procedure is performed to configure or reconfigure one or both of the ciphering algorithm and the integrity protection algorithm for a UE. The
triggered conditon is when the ciphering algorithm or the integrity protection algorithm has changed
1.Through a SECURITY MODE COMMAND message sent to the UE, the SRNC starts or reconfigures one or both of the ciphering and integrity protection configurations for
theRBs or one CN domain and for all Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs).
->If the UE completes configuring or reconfiguring the relevant parameters for one orboth of the ciphering and integrity protection algorithms, the UE sends a SECURITYMODE
COMPLETE message to inform the SRNC of the completion.
->If the SECURITY MODE COMMAND message contains neither Ciphering mode info IE nor Integrity protection mode info IE or if each of the two IEs has inconsistent
information, the UE sends a SECURITY MODE FAILURE message, indicating the failure of the security mode control procedure as well as the failure cause.
The UTRAN mobility information procedure is performed for the network to allocate a newUTRAN Radio Network Temporary Identifier (U-RNTI) or Cell Radio Network
TemporaryIdentifier (C-RNTI) to a UE or to inform the UE of mobility-related information such as timervalues and CN domainrelated information
1.The SRNC sends a UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATION message to the UE.
2.The UE starts to update the related fields according to the values of the IEs carried in themessage.
->If the UE succeeds in conducting the operations specified by the UTRAN MOBILITYINFORMATION message, the UE sends a UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATION
CONFIRM message.
->If the UE fails to conduct the operations specified by the UTRAN MOBILITYINFORMATION message, the UE sends a UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATIONFAILURE
message, indicating the failure cause.
The UE capability enquiry procedure is performed to request a UE to transmit its capability information related to any radio access network so that the network can perform
data configuration based on the UE capability
1.The SRNC sends a UE CAPABILITY ENQUIRY message to the UE through the downlink DCCH using AM RLC.
2.The UE sends a UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION message to the SRNC through the uplink DCCH using AM or UM RLC. The message contains the information about UE
capabilities.
3.The SRNC reads the UE capability information and then sends a UE CAPABILITYINFORMA CONFIRM message to the UE through the downlink DCCH using AM or
UMRLC.
The radio link setup procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover) isperformed to set up a radio link in an SRNC-controlled NodeB for a UE
1.The CRNC sends a RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message to the NodeB. Afterr eceiving the message, the NodeB reserves the necessary resources and configures the
->If the radio link is set up, the NodeB saves the value of the Configuration GenerationID IE contained in the RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST message and sends a RADIO
LINK SETUP RESPONSE message.
->If the radio link fails to be set up, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK SETUP FAILURE message. The message contains the failure cause.
The radio link restoration procedure (intra-RNC handover or GSM to WCDMA CS handover)is performed for a NodeB to notify the CRNC that the uplink synchronization of
one or moreradio links is achieved or re-achieved
After performing UL synchronization with the UE, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK RESTOREINDICATION message to the CRNC
UTRAN Mobility Information
Radio Link Restoration
UE Capability Enquiry
CONFIRM message.
Handover"
GSM
cause.
Handover"
GSM
connection.
CONFIRM message.
capabilities.
UMRLC.
CONFIRM message.
Handover"
GSM
cause.
Handover"
GSM
connection.
CONFIRM message.
capabilities.
UMRLC.
CONFIRM message.
value=Inter-freq meas L3 filter coeff=3
value=Inter-freq meas based on CPICH Ec/No
value=Event2D ( Start Compressed Mode)
value=InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0=-14 dB
value=0
value=2 dB ,Step: 0.5
value=320ms
value=Event2f ( Stop Compressed Mode)
value=0
value=320ms
value=UE trigger Event2f to stop Compressed Mode
RRC:Measurement Report (e2f)
value=Compressed Mode Inforamtion
RRC: Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete (DCCH)
value=InterRAT cell list
value=InterRAT cell Index
value=InterRATCIO=0
value=NCC=6
value=BCC=4
value=GSM900 ( GSM1800 not used)
value=BCCH=64
value=UE measure on GSM RSSI
value=InterRATFilterCoef=3
value=UE need to verify BSIC
value=InterRATPeriodReportInterval=1000ms
value=UE report 6 InterRATcells to RNC
value=RSSI= -110 +hex2dec(1E) =-80 dBm
RRC: Handover from UTRAN Command
Handover Completed
value=Inter-freq meas L3 filter coeff=3
value=Inter-freq meas based on CPICH Ec/No
>>"Measurement Control and Measurement Report"
value=interFrequencyMeasurement (RNC send mearuement control of InterFrequency because
parameter CoexistMeasThdChoice="COEXIST_MEAS_THD_CHOICE_INTERFREQ")
value=Event2D ( Start Compressed Mode)
value=InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0=-14 dB
value=0
value=320ms
value=Event2f ( Stop Compressed Mode)
value=InterFreqCSThd2FEcN0=-12 dB
value=0
value=320ms
value=UE trigger Event2D to start Compressed Mode
value=UE trigger Event2f to stop Compressed Mode
value=Compressed Mode Inforamtion
value=InterRAT cell list
value=InterRAT cell Index
value=InterRATCIO=0
value=NCC=6
value=BCC=4
value=GSM900 ( GSM1800 not used)
value=BCCH=64
value=interRATMeasurement (RNC send mearuement control of InterRAT after enter Compressed Mode)
value=UE measure on GSM RSSI
value=InterRATFilterCoef=3
value=UE need to verify BSIC
value=InterRATPeriodReportInterval=1000ms
value=UE report 6 InterRATcells to RNC
value=RSSI= -110 +hex2dec(1E) =-80 dBm
value=BSIC=35 ( BCCH=112) refer to InterRAT CellID=7 in Measurement Control (GSM900)
value=interFrequencyMeasurement (RNC send mearuement control of InterFrequency because
parameter CoexistMeasThdChoice="COEXIST_MEAS_THD_CHOICE_INTERFREQ")
value=interRATMeasurement (RNC send mearuement control of InterRAT after enter Compressed Mode)
value=BSIC=35 ( BCCH=112) refer to InterRAT CellID=7 in Measurement Control (GSM900)
4.SRNS Context Response
13.Iu Release Command
6.Security Functions
8.SRNS Data Forward Command
1.RRC:Cell Change Order from UTRAN
4.SRNS Context Request
8.Forward Packets
Inter-RAT PS Handover from WCDMA to GSM
2.Routing Area Update Request
13. Iu Release Complete
UE BSS S-RNC
The procedure in this stage
( "RRC: Handover from UTRAN Command " message is equivalent to "RRC:Cell Change Order from UTRAN" )
UE Connected
UE Connected
UE Connected
Inter-RAT PS Handover from GSM to WCDMA
UE BSC
22. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedure
S-RNC
19.Routing Area Update Accept
20.Routing Area Update Complete
1.When the PS data volume is low, the UE may be in CELL_PCH, URA_PCH, or Cell_FACH state or when UE in Idle state. Based on the parameters in the system
information, the UE can initiate cell reselection to perform a handover to GSM. The cell reselection is initiated with an SRNS CONTEXT REQUEST message sent from the
SGSN to SRNC.
When the UE in Idle ,URA_PCH.Cell_PCH or Cell_FACH states, the cell reselection procedure does not include the sub-procedires which marked with "UE Connected)
2.After cell reselection to a GSM cell, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK FAILURE INDICATION message because the UE stops the transmission towards the WCDMA
cell.This message, however, is unnecessary to the procedure of inter-RAT PS handover from WCDMA to GSM.
3. After the UE accesses a GSM cell, the SGSN directly sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNC, if the Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context does not need
to be transferred.
4.The SRNS context transfer is unnecessary to the procedure of inter-RAT PS handover from WCDMA to GSM.
1. Inter-RAT Handover
Decision
2.Routing Area Update Request
20. RAB Assignement Request
20. RAB Assignement Response
19.Service Request
Setup Radio Resources
16.Routing Area Update Accept
17.Routing Area Update Complete
3.SGSN Context Request
5.SGSN Context Response
7.SGSN Context Acknowledge
9. Forward Packets
4.SRNS Context Response
10. Update PDP Context Response
13.Iu Release Command
12. Cancel Location
C1
8.SRNS Data Forward Command
MSC-
2G
GGSN
4.SRNS Context Request
8.Forward Packets
10. Update PDP Context Request
13. Iu Release Complete
12. Cancel Location Acknowledge
11. Update GPRS Location
SGSN-
2G
SGSN-
3G
The procedure in this stage is simiilar to Inter-RAT CS Handover from WCDMA to GSM
SGSN-
2G
GGSN
MSC-
3G
22. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedure
17. Update Location
14. Insert Subscriber Data
14. Insert Subscriber Data Acknowledge
15. Update GPRS Location Acknowledge
SGSN-
3G
21. TMSI Reallocation Complete
16. Location Update Request
1.When the PS data volume is low, the UE may be in CELL_PCH, URA_PCH, or Cell_FACH state or when UE in Idle state. Based on the parameters in the system
information, the UE can initiate cell reselection to perform a handover to GSM. The cell reselection is initiated with an SRNS CONTEXT REQUEST message sent from the
SGSN to SRNC.
When the UE in Idle ,URA_PCH.Cell_PCH or Cell_FACH states, the cell reselection procedure does not include the sub-procedires which marked with "UE Connected)
2.After cell reselection to a GSM cell, the NodeB sends a RADIO LINK FAILURE INDICATION message because the UE stops the transmission towards the WCDMA
cell.This message, however, is unnecessary to the procedure of inter-RAT PS handover from WCDMA to GSM.
3. After the UE accesses a GSM cell, the SGSN directly sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNC, if the Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context does not need
to be transferred.
4.The SRNS context transfer is unnecessary to the procedure of inter-RAT PS handover from WCDMA to GSM.
18 Location Update Accept
3.SGSN Context Request
4.SGSN Context Response
6.SGSN Context Acknowledge
7. Forward Packets
C2
8. Update PDP Context Request
8 Update PDP Context Response
15 Location Update Accept
13. Location Update Request
10. Cancel Location
C1
C3
12. Cancel Location
MSC-
3G
HLR
SRNS Context Transfer
Iu release
MSC-
2G
HLR
17. Update Location
14a. Update Location
14b.Cancel Location
14c. Cancel Location Ack
14d. Insert Subscriber Data
14e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
14f. Update Location Ack
10. Cancel Location
The Inter-RAT PS handover from WCDMA to GSM procedure is described as follows:
1.The UE in Cell_DCH state, the UTRAN decides to initiate an inter-RAT handover in the PS domain be sending "Cell Change Order from UTRAN' messge to UE to handover to a new GSM cell
and stop the data transmission between the UE and the network
2. The UE sends a "Routing Area Update Request" message to the 2G SGSN. The update type in the message indicates RA update, combined RA/LA update, or combined RA/LA update with IMSI
attach. The BSS adds the CGI including the RAC and LAC of the cell to the received message before forwarding the message to a new 2G SGSN
3. The new 2G SGSN sends an "SGSN Context Request" message to the old 3G SGSN to obtain the MM and PDP contexts. The old 3G SGSN validates the old P-TMSI signature. If the old P-
TMSI Signature is valid, the old 3G SGSN starts a timer. Otherwise, the old 3G SGSN respons with an error cause.
4. If the UE stay in connected mode before handover, the old 3G SGSN sends an "SRNS Context Request" message. After receiving this message, the SRNS buffers the PDUs, stops sending the
PDUs to the UE, and send an "SRNS Context Response" message to the old 3G SGSN
5. The old 3G SGSN sends an "SGSN Context Response" message to the 2G SGSN including the MM and PDP context
6. The security functions can be excuted
7. The new 2G SGSN sends an 'SGSN Context Acknowledge" message to the old 3G SGSN. This inform the old 3G SGSN that the new 2G SGSN is
ready to receive PDUs belonging to the activated PDP contexts
8. The old 3G SGSN sends a "Data Forward Command" message to the SRNS. The SRNS starts a data-forwarding timer and sends the buffers PDUs to
the old 3G SGSN
9. The old 3G SGSN tunnels the GTP PDUs to the new 2G SGSN. In the PDUs, the sequence number in the GTP hearder remain unchange
10. the new 2G SGSN sends an "Update PDP Context Request" message to each related GGSN. Each GGSN sends an "Update PDP Context Response"
message after updating it's PDP Context fields
11. The new 2G SGSN sends an "Update GPRS Location" message ,requesting the HLR to modify the SGSN number
12. The HLR sends a "Cancel Location" message to the old 3G SGSN. the old 3G SGSN responds with a "Cancel Location AcK" message. After the
timer expires,the old 3G SGSN removes the MM and PDP contexts.
13. The old 3G SGSN sends an "Iu release command" message to the SRNS. After data-forwarding timer expires,the SRNS responds with an "Iu
Release complete"
14. The HLR sends an "Insert Subscriber Data" message to the new 2G SGSN. The 2G SGSN constructs an MM context and PDP context for the UE and
returen an "Insert Subscriber Data Ack" message to the HLR
15.The HLR sends an "Update GPRS Location ACK" message to the new 2G SGSN
16. If the association has to be established, the new 2G SGSN sens a 'Location Update Request" message to the VLR. The VLR stores the SGSN
number for creating or updating the association
17. If the subscriber data in VLR is marked as not confirmed by the HLR. the new VLR informs the HLP. The HLR cancel the old VLR and inserts
subscriber data in the new VLR
- The new VLR sends an "Update Location" message to the HLR
- The HLR cancels the data in the old VLR by sending a "Cancel Location" message to the old VLR
- The old VLR acknowledge the message by responding with a "Cancel Location ACK" message
- The HLR sends an "Insert Subscriber Data" message to the new VLR
- The new VLR acknowledge the message by responding with an "Insert Subscriber Data ACK" message
- The HLR responds with an "Update Location Ack" message to the new VLR
18. The new VLR allocates a new TMSI and responds with a "Location Update Accept" message to the 2G SGSN
19. The new 2G SGSN checks the presence of the MS in the new RA. If all checks area successful,the new 2G SGSN constructs the MM and PDP contexts for the MS. A logical link is
established between the new 2G SGSN and the UE. The 2G SGSN responds to the UE with a "Routing Area Update Accept" message
20. The UE acknowledge the new P-TMSI by returning a "Routing Area Update Complete" message, including all PDUs successfully sent to the UE before the routing area update procedure
21. The new 2G SGSN sends a "TMSI Reallocation Complete" message to the new VLR if the UE confirms the VLR TMSI
22. The 2G SGSN and the BSS perform the "BSS Packet Flow Context" procedure
SRNS Context Transfer

the old 3G SGSN
Release complete"
The Inter-RAT PS handover from GSM to WCDMA procedure is described as follows:
1.The GSM decides to perform an inter-RAT handover in PS domanin and stops the data transmission between the UE and the network
2. The UE sends a "Routing Area Update Request" message to the 3G SGSN. The update type in the message indicates RA update, combined RA/LA update, or combined RA/LA
update with IMSI attach. The SRNC adds the the RAC and LAC of the cell to the received message before forwarding the message to a new 3G SGSN
3. The new 3G SGSN obtain the address of the old 2G SGSN, and then sends an 'SGSN Context Request" message to the old 2G SGSN to construct the MM and PDP contects for
the UE. The old 2G SGSN validates the old P-TMSI signature. If the old P-TMSI Signature is valid, the old 2G SGSN starts a timer. Otherwise, the old 2G SGSN respons with an error
cause.
4. The old 2G SGSN response with an "SGSN Context Response" message to the 3G SGSN including the MM and PDP context
6. The new 3G SGSN sends an 'SGSN Context Acknowledge" message to the old 2G SGSN. This inform the old 2G SGSN that the new 3G SGSN is ready to receive PDUs
belonging to the activated PDP contexts
7. The old 2G SGSN copied and buffers N-PDUs, and then sends them to the 3G SGSN. Before the timer expires ,if there are other N-PDUs from the GGSN,the 2G SGSN compies
and sends them to the 3G SGSN. After the timer expires,the 2G SGSN does not send N-PDUs to the 3G SGSN anymore
8.The new 3G SGSN sends an "Update PDP Context Request" message to each related GGSN. Each GGSN sends an "Update PDP Context Response" message after updating it's
PDP Context fields
9. The new3G SGSN tsends an "Update GPRS Location" message to the HLR
10. The HLR sends a 'Cancel Location" message to the 2G SGSN. After the timer expires,the 2G SGSN removes the MM and PDP contexts. The 2G SGSN response with a 'Cancel
Location Ack" message
11.The HLR sens an "Insert Subscriber Data" message to the 3G SGSN. The 3G SGSN constructs an MM context and sends an "Insert Subscriber Data Ack" message to the HLR
12. The HLR sends "Update GPRS Location" by returning an "Update GPRS Location Ack" message to the 3G SGSN
13. If the association has to be establilshed, that is . if the Update Type parameter indicates a combined RA/LA update with IMSI attach requested, or if the LA changed with the RA
update, the 2G SGSN sends a "Location update request" message to the VLR. The VLR stores the SGSN number for creating or updating the association
14. If the subscriber data in VLR is marked as not confirmed by the HLR. the new VLR informs the HLP. The HLR cancel the old VLR and inserts subscriber data in the new VLR
17. The UE sends a "Routing Area Update Complete" message to confirm the allocated P-TMSI
19. If the UE has uplink data or signalling to send, the UE sends a "Service Request" message to the SGSN. The service type indicates the required service
20. The 3G SGSN sends a "RAB Assignment Request" message to the SRNS. The SRNS sens a 'Radion Beare Setup Request" message to the UE. The UE responds with a 'Radio Bearer
Setup Complete" message. The SRNS sends a 'RAB assignment Response" message to the SGSN. The SRNS sends N-PCDS to the UE
cause.
PDP Context fields
the old 3G SGSN
Release complete"
the old 3G SGSN
Release complete"
cause.
PDP Context fields
cause.
PDP Context fields
the old 3G SGSN
Release complete"
the old 3G SGSN
Release complete"
cause.
PDP Context fields
cause.
PDP Context fields
2.Suspend
3.Suspend
3. Suspend Ack
4. Resume
4. Resume NAck
5.Channel Release
2.Suspend
3.Suspend
6. Routing Area Update Request
Inter-RAT CS&PS Handover from WCDMA to GSM (Intra-SGSN)
2G
SGSN
UE BSS
2G/3G
SGSN
UE BSS
Inter-RAT CS&PS Handover from WCDMA to GSM (Inter-SGSN)
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
3. Suspend Ack
4. Resume
4. Resume NAck
5.Channel Release
6. Routing Area Update Request
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
3. SRNS Context Request
3. SRNS Context Response
For a UE in Cell_DCH state using both CS and PS domain services,the inter-RAT handover procedure is based on the measurement reports from the UE but is initiated
from the UTRAN. The UE performs the inter-RAT handover from UTRA RRC Connected Mode to GSM Connected Mode first. After the UE sends a handover complete
message to the GSM/BSS, the UE initiates a temporary block flow (TBF) towards the GPRS to suspend the GPRS services. After the CS domain services are released
on the GSM side, the inter-RAT handover in the PS domain resumes, which indicates that the handover is completed.
if the inter-RAT handover from UTRA RCC Conencted Mode to GSM Connected Mode succeeds,the handover is regards as successful.no matter whether the UE
inititates a TBF towards the GPRS or not. In case of inter-RAT handover failure, the UE may go back to the UTRA RRC Connected Mode and re-establish the
connection in the original state.
The signalling procedures are described as follows,
1. The UE in connection with both CS and PS domain perrforms the UMTS to GSM handover during which the CS service is handed over to the GSM
2. The UE sends a suspend message to the BSS
3. The BSS forwards the 'Suspend" message to the SGSN. The SGSN sends a "SRNS Context Request" message to the SRNS, requesting the SRNS to stop sending
downlink PDUs. After receiving the message, the SRNS buffers downlink PDUs and respons to the SGSN with an 'SRNS Context Response" messge. The SGSN
returns a "Suspend Ack" message to the BSS
4. When the CS connection is terminated , the BSS may send a 'Resume" message to the SGSN. However,resume is impossible since the radio access system has
changed. Therefore,the SGSN acknowledge the resume through a 'Resume NACK"
5. The BSS sens an RR message 'Channel Release" to the UE, indicating that the BSS fails to request the SGSN to resume the GPRS service for the UE
6. The UE sends a 'Routing Area Update Request" message to the SGSN to resume the GPRS service. The update mode depends on the network operation mode in
use.
Inter-RAT CS&PS Handover from WCDMA to GSM (Intra-SGSN)
MSC
/VL
MSC
/VL
SRNS
SRNS
3. The BSS forwards the 'Suspend" message to the SGSN. The SGSN returns a "Suspend Ack" message to the BSS
use.
Inter-RAT CS&PS Handover from WCDMA to GSM (Inter-SGSN)
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
3G SGSN
use.
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
Measurement Control
Active Set Update
RadioLink Setup
use.
use.
use.
use.
use.
use.
5. RNSAP: Relocation Commit
UE SRNC DRNC
SRNS Static Relocation (UE not-involved relocation)
14. RANAP: Iu Release Complete
4.RANAP: Relocation Command
7. RRC:UTRAN Mobility Information
10. RRC:UE Capability Information (DCCH)
9. RRC:UE Capability Enquiry (DCCH)
11. RRC:UE Capability Information Confirm (DCCH)
8. RRC:UTRAN Mobility Information Confirm
13. RANAP: Iu Release Command
2. RNSAP: Signalling Transfer
Indication
SRNC DRNC
SRNS Relocation with Cell/URA Update (UE not-involved relocation)
1. Cell Update/URA Update
UE
7. RNSAP: Relocation Commit
1.The DRNC acquires the SRNC ID of the UE from the URNTI IE in the CELL UPDATEmessage and then sends an UPLINK
SIGNALLING TRANSFER INDICATION messageto the SRNC to indicate that the UE requests a cell update.
2.To initiate a cell update, the UE sends a CELL UPDATE message to the DRNC. To initiate a URA update, the UE sends a URA
UPDATE message to the DRNC.
3.After a successful cell update, the DRNC sends a CELL UPDATE CONFIRM message tothe UE. After a successful URA update,
the DRNC sends a URA UPDATE CONFIRM message to the UE.
4.After receiving the CELL UPDATE CONFIRM or URA UPDATE CONFIRM messagefrom the DRNC, the UE can send a
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE message (for the cell update) or a UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATION
CONFIRM message (for the URA update) to the DRNC. This response from the UE is optional.
9. RRC:Cell Update Confirm/URA Update Confirm
10. RRC:Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete/UTRAN Mobility
Information Confirm
3RANAP: Relocation Required
Cell
Update/U
RA
Update
5.RANAP: Forward SRNS Context
9. RRC:Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete
SRNS Relocation with Hard Handover(UE involved relocation)
UE SRNC DRNC
7.RRC:Physical Channel
Reconfiguration PhysicalC
hannel
Reconfig
1.During the relocation with hard handover, if an RAB supporting lossless SRNS relocation is available on the Iu-PS interface, the
SRNC sends the GTP-U and PDCP sequence numbers to the DRNC through the FORWARD SRNS CONTEXT message. The
sequence numbers are required for data forwarding.
2.After receiving a RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION message from the NodeB, theDRNC sends a RELOCATION DETECT
message to the CN.
3.If the DRNC does not obtain the information about the UE capability, the DRNC initiatesa UE capability enquiry procedure.
2.RANAP Relocation Request
3.RANAP Relocation Request Ack
6. RANAP:Relocation Detect
12. Relocation Complete
>>SRNC Relocation Algorithm and related parameters
The relocation preparation procedure can be triggered in either of the following conditions:
->During an SRNS relocation, the SRNC sends a RELOCATION REQUIRED message.
->During an inter-RAT CS handover from WCDMA to GSM, the SRNC sends aRELOCATION REQUIRED message.
1.The SRNC sends a RELOCATION REQUIRED message to the CN. The message containscertain information such as relocation type, relocation
cause, source PLMN, source LAC,source SAC, target PLMN, and target LAC
2.The CN interacts with the target RNC or the target network system, such as the GSMsystem, to prepare relevant resources.
3.The CN sends a response message to the SRNC.lIf the target RNC or the target network system prepares the relevant resourcessuccessfully, the CN sends a
RELOCATION COMMAND message when thepreparation is complete. The message contains the L3 information IE, which carries theinformation about the
relevant resources allocated by the target RNC or the targetnetwork system.lIf the resources partially or totally fail
to be allocated, the CN sends a RELOCATIONPREPARATION FAILURE message.
DRNC CN
SRNS Static Relocation (UE not-involved relocation)
The UTRAN mobility information procedure is performed for the network to allocate a newUTRAN Radio Network Temporary Identifier (U-RNTI) or Cell Radio
Network TemporaryIdentifier (C-RNTI) to a UE or to inform the UE of mobility-related information such as timer values and CN domainrelated information.
1.The SRNC sends a UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATION message to the UE
->If the UE succeeds in conducting the operations specified by the UTRAN MOBILITYI NFORMATION message, the UE sends a UTRAN MOBILITY
INFORMATIONCONFIRM message.
->If the UE fails to conduct the operations specified by the UTRAN MOBILITYINFORMATION message, the UE sends a UTRAN MOBILITY
INFORMATIONFAILURE message, indicating the failure cause.
The relocation commit procedure is performed to execute the change of control from the SRNCof a UE to the DRNC
1.The SRNC sends a RELOCATION COMMIT message to the DRNC. If an RAB supportinglossless SRNS relocation is available on the Iu-PS interface, the
RELOCATION COMMITmessage carries the GTP-U and PDCP sequence numbers required for data forwarding.Then, the SRNC initiates data forwarding.
2.The DRNC sends a RELOCATION DETECT message to the CN to notify the CN of thedetection of the relocation commitment.
3.The original DRNC sends a RELOCATION COMPLETE message to the CN to notify thatthe relocation is successful.
The relocation resource allocation procedure can be triggered in either of the following conditions:
->During an SRNS relocation, the CN applies for resources from the target RNC
->During an inter-RAT CS handover from GSM to WCDMA, the CN applies for resourcesfrom the target RNC
1.The CN sends a RELOCATION REQUEST message to the target RNC. The messagecontains certain information, such as the IMSI of the UE, CN domain
indicator, target cellidentifier, encryption, integrity protection, Iu signaling connection ID, handover cause, and RAB parameters.
3.The target RNC sends a response message to the CN.lIf the resources are allocated, the target RNC sends a RELOCATION REQUESTACKNOWLEDGE
message. The message contains the radio resources and otherparameters allocated to the UE. The parameters include the UTRAN Radio NetworkTemporary
Identifier (U-RNTI), RAB, transport layer and physical layer information,chosen encryption algorithm, and chosen integrity protection algorithm.lIf the resources
partially or totally fail to be allocated or the target RNC rejects the SRNSrelocation for
some reason, the target RNC sends a RELOCATION FAILURE message,indicating the failure cause.
Relocation Resource Allocation
Relocation Commit
Iu release
UE capability enquiry
UTRAN mobility information
The UE capability enquiry procedure is performed to request a UE to transmit its capabilityinformation related to any radio access network so that the network
can perform dataconfiguration based on the UE capability.
2.The UE sends a UE CAPABILITY INFORMATION message to the SRNC through theuplink DCCH using AM or UM RLC. The message contains the
information about UE capabilities.
3.The SRNC reads the UE capability information and then sends a UE CAPABILITYINFORMA CONFIRM message to the UE through the downlink DCCH using
AM or UMRLC.
DRNC CN
The Iu release procedure can be triggered in one of the following conditions:
->The transaction between the UE and the CN is complete.
->The UTRAN requests the CN to release the resources on the Iu interface by, for example,sending an IU RELEASE REQUEST message.
->The Serving Radio Network Subsystem (SRNS) is relocated.
->The SRNS relocation is canceled after a relocation resource allocation procedure iscomplete.
1.The CN sends an IU RELEASE COMMAND message to the SRNC to initiate the Iu releaseprocedure. The message indicates the cause for the release of the
signaling connection.NOTE After sending the IU RELEASE COMMAND message, the CN will not send further RANAPconnection-oriented messages on this
particular connection.
1.The SRNC sends a RELOCATION REQUIRED message to the CN. The message containscertain information such as relocation type, relocation cause, source
PLMN, source LAC,source SAC, target PLMN, and target LAC
relevant resources allocated by the target RNC or the targetnetwork system.lIf the resources partially or totally fail to be allocated, the CN sends a
RELOCATIONPREPARATION FAILURE message.
SRNS Relocation with Cell/URA Update (UE not-involved relocation)
4.RANAP Relocation Request
5.RANAP Relocation Request Ack
The URA update procedure is performed to update the URA-related location information on thenetwork side when the location of a UE changes. The URA
update procedure can be triggered in either of the following conditions:URA reselection or Periodical URA update
1.The UE sends a URA UPDATE message to the RNC to initiate the URA update. The message contains the cause for the URA update and the IEs such as the
U-RNTI.
2.The RNC sends a URA UPDATE CONFIRM message to the UE. The message containsthe new C-RNTI and U-RNTI or the information about the new
ciphering and integrityprotection modes.
3.The UE responds optionally. If there is a response, the UE sends a UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATION CONFIRM message to the RNC after taking the new
parameters intoeffect.
1.The DRNC acquires the SRNC ID of the UE from the URNTI IE in the CELL UPDATEmessage and then sends an UPLINK
SIGNALLING TRANSFER INDICATION messageto the SRNC to indicate that the UE requests a cell update.
2.To initiate a cell update, the UE sends a CELL UPDATE message to the DRNC. To initiate a URA update, the UE sends a URA
UPDATE message to the DRNC.
3.After a successful cell update, the DRNC sends a CELL UPDATE CONFIRM message tothe UE. After a successful URA update,
the DRNC sends a URA UPDATE CONFIRM message to the UE.
4.After receiving the CELL UPDATE CONFIRM or URA UPDATE CONFIRM messagefrom the DRNC, the UE can send a
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE message (for the cell update) or a UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATION
CONFIRM message (for the URA update) to the DRNC. This response from the UE is optional.
The cell update procedure is performed to update the UE-related information on the UTRANside when the location of a UE changes. In addition, the cell update
procedure takes the role ofmonitoring the RRC connection, switching the status of the RRC connection, reporting errors,and transferring information
The cell update procedure can be triggered in one of the following conditions:Cell reselection,Re-entering the service area,Periodical cell updatelRadio link
failure,Paging response,Uplink data transmission and RLC unrecoverable error
The procedure is described as follows :
1.The UE sends a CELL UPDATE message to the RNC. The message contains the information such as the Serving RNC Radio Network Temporary Identifier (S-
RNTI) andthe SRNC ID.
2.The RNC sends a CELL UPDATE CONFIRM message to the UE. The message containsthe information such as the U-RNTI and the IEs about the transport
channels, physicalchannels, and radio bearers.
3.According to related IEs in the received message, the UE may respond with messages ornot. If the UE responds, the message can be one of the following
messages:
->UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATION CONFIRM
->PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
->TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
->RADIO BEARER RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
->RADIO BEARER RELEASE COMPLETE
message. The message contains the radio resources and otherparameters allocated to the UE. The parameters
include the UTRAN Radio NetworkTemporary Identifier (U-RNTI), RAB, transport layer and physical layer information,chosen encryption algorithm
, and chosen integrity protection algorithm.lIf the resources partially or totally fail to be allocated or the target RNC rejects the SRNSrelocation for
3RANAP: Relocation Required
Relocation Commit
Iu release
AM or UMRLC.
U-RNTI.
2.RANAP: Relocation Request
3.RANAP: Relocation Request Ack
The relocation commit procedure is performed to execute the change of control from the SRNCof a UE to the DRNC.
1.When an RAB supporting lossless SRNS relocation is available on the Iu-PS interface, theSRNC sends a FORWARD SRNS CONTEXT
message to the SGSN to ask the SGSN totransfer the GTP-U and PDCP sequence numbers to the DRNC. The sequence numbers arerequired for data
forwarding.
2.After receiving the FORWARD SRNS CONTEXT message, the SGSN forwards themessage to the DRNC.
3.The UE is handed over from the SRNC to the DRNC through a physical channelreconfiguration procedure. After receiving a RADIO LINK
RESTORE INDICATIONmessage from the NodeB, the DRNC sends a RELOCATION DETECT message to theCN.
1.The CN sends a RELOCATION REQUEST message to the target RNC. The messagecontains certain information, such as the IMSI of the UE,
CN domain indicator, target cellidentifier, encryption, integrity protection, Iu signaling connection ID, handover cause, and RAB parameters.
3.The target RNC sends a response message to the CN.lIf the resources are allocated, the target RNC sends a RELOCATION
REQUESTACKNOWLEDGE message. The message contains the radio resources and otherparameters allocated to the UE. The parameters
include the UTRAN Radio NetworkTemporary Identifier (U-RNTI), RAB, transport layer and physical layer information,chosen encryption algorithm,
and chosen integrity protection algorithm.lIf the resources partially or totally fail to be allocated or the target RNC rejects the SRNSrelocation for
SRNS Relocation with Hard Handover(UE involved relocation)
DRNC CN
Relocation Commit
Iu release
1.During the relocation with hard handover, if an RAB supporting lossless SRNS relocation is available on the Iu-PS interface, the
SRNC sends the GTP-U and PDCP sequence numbers to the DRNC through the FORWARD SRNS CONTEXT message. The
sequence numbers are required for data forwarding.
2.After receiving a RADIO LINK RESTORE INDICATION message from the NodeB, theDRNC sends a RELOCATION DETECT
message to the CN.
3.If the DRNC does not obtain the information about the UE capability, the DRNC initiatesa UE capability enquiry procedure.
forwarding.
The physical channel reconfiguration procedure is performed to set up, reconfigure, or releasea physical channel.
2.The UE saves the IEs of the UE, Radio Bearer (RB), transport channel, and physical channel.
CHANNELRE CONFIGURATION COMPLETE message on the uplink DCCH by using AM RLC.
the Failure causeIE contained in the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION FAILURE message is "physical channel failure".
AM or UMRLC.
>>SRNC Relocation Algorithm and related parameters
AM or UMRLC.
U-RNTI.
messages:
AM or UMRLC.
U-RNTI.
forwarding.
forwarding.
AM or UMRLC.
AM or UMRLC.
>>Cell Update Description
U-RNTI.
messages:
AM or UMRLC.
U-RNTI.
forwarding.
forwarding.
AM or UMRLC.

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