COPAR

PREENTRY PHASE
Preliminary Social Investigation
Community consultation
Settling of issues/considerations related to site
selection
Networking with local government units (eg.
LGUs, NGOs)

ENTRY PHASE
Integration with the community
Sensitization of the community
Continuing social investigation
Core group formation
Development of criteria for selection of core
group members
Defining the roles, functions and tasks of the
core group
Coordination, dialogue and consultation with
other community organizations
Self-awareness and leadership training planning

COMMUNITY STUDY/DIALOGUE PHASE
Selection of the research team
Training on data collection, methods and
technique capability building which includes
development of data collection tools
Planning for the actual gathering of data
Data gathering
Prioritization of community ne e d s a nd
problems for action

COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION &
CAPABILITYBUILDING PHASE
Community meetings to draw up guidelines for
the organization of CHO
Election of officers
Development and management system and
procedures including delineation of roles, functions
and tasks of officers and members of the CHO
Team building, action-reflection in faith action
Working out the legal requirements for the
establishment of the CHO
Organizations of working committes, task
groups (like education and training, membership of
committees)
Training of CHO officers and community
leaders






COMMUNITY ACTION PHASE
Organization of training of community
healthworkers (CHWs)
Development of criteria for the selection of
CHWs
Selection of CHWs
Training of CHWs
setting up of linkages and network referral
Systems
Planning, implementation of resources
mobilization scheme

SUSTENANCE & STRENGTHENING PHASE
Formulation of ratification of constitution and
by laws
Identification and development of secondary
leaders
setting up and institutionalization of financing
scheme for community health programs and
activities
Development and implementation of viable
management system and procedures, committees,
continuing education/training o f leaders, CHWs
and community residents
Continuing education and upgrading of
community leaders, CHWs and CHO members
Development of medium and long term
community health development

SALT ACTIVITIES
Initial Introduction
Activity: The community residents are asked to
choose a letter from their name and give a word
starting with their chosen letter that
describes their personality. Rationale: The
activity is done for the participants to get to
know themselves better. I t i s i mp o r t a n t that
we know who we are and what are our strengths
and weaknesses in order for us to know other
people.

Character Association
A part of SALT wherein you will associate your
character to an object. Instruction: First look for a
thing that will suit your personality and explain
the relevance to your character.
Rationale:It is to associate yourself with an
inanimate object to describe who you are as a
person regardless if you see yourself positively, or
both.










Photo Language
A part of SALT wherein you will pose for
5-10 seconds that describe your personality.

APPROACHES TO CHANGE
1. Welfare approach
THE immediate &/or spontaneous response to the
manifestation of poverty, especially on the personal
level
ASSUMES that poverty is God-given;destined,
hence the poor should accept their condition since
they will receive their just reward in heaven
BELIEVES that poverty is caused by bad luck,
natural disaster and certain circumstances which
are beyond the control of people
2. Modernization approach
ALSO referred to as the project development
approach
INTRODUCES whatever resources are lacking in
a given community
ALSO considered a national strategy which adopts
the western mode of technological development
ASSUMES that development consists of
abandoning the traditional methods of doing things
and must adopt the technology of industrial
countries
BELIEVES that poverty is due to lack of
education; lack of resources such as capital and
technology
3.Transformatory/Participatoryapproach
THE process of empowering/transforming the poor
and the oppressed sectors of society so that they
can pursue a more just and humane society
ASSUMES that poverty is not God-given,rather it
is rooted in the historical past andis maintained by
the oppressive structures in society
BELIEVES that poverty is caused byprevalence of
exploitation, oppression, domination and other
unjust structures

LEVELS OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Level 1
People are just physically involved in the
implementation of the program designed by
the organizing program.
Level 2
When the people are involved in making yes/no
decisions to the plan or program presented by the
organizing agency.

Level 3
When working committees are created for the
community member in making decisions
throughout the entire problem solving process.
Level 4
Requires the active involvement of the majority of
the community members in making decision
throughout the problem solving process.

TYPES AND DIFFICULTIES INDECISION
MAKING

THE ONE PERSON DECISION
Only one persons decision in a particular group is
always final without reference to the study.
THE HAND CLASP
In a group meeting, on member may raise a
suggestion I which everybody would approve
without further questions of the said matter.
THE FLOP
In a group meeting, on member may raise a
suggestion of a certain matter, but unfortunately
not given the time to be heard by everybody in the
group.
THE CLIQUE
A small exclusive circle of people who always go
against the decision approved by the group they
belong. They make foolishness out of the idea
raised by a person so that there would be no
decision achieved.
MINORITY
A small group of members in a certain
organization that are very united and who will
make a decision of a certain matter beyond the
knowledge of the other members of the
organization not belonging to their group.
MAJORITY
During meetings, it often happens that there are
two possible decisions that could be made: To
eliminate the other, the leader may decide to have a
voting process, and the highest idea who gained
votes will be carried by the body.






















CONFLICTING LOYALTIES
When a person is involved in two different groups
that could no longer do the role because of conflict
of time to be prioritized.
INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT
It is a conflict between persons that would hinder
prosperity because of the person involved would
not agree to support each other to attain a project
due to pride and other reasons.
HIDDEN AGENDA
A person may offer or open a plan to a group,
without the knowledge of other members.
CLASH OF INTEREST
No decision is made since the interest of every
member is not met. Everybody raise side as, but no
agreement is made.