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2. Philology is
a. the diachronic study of French.
b. the study of Norman languages.
c. the historical study of languages.
d. the study of philosophy.
4. Words that have similar forms and similar meanings is different languages are known
as
a. Language changes.
b. Proto.
c. Cognates.
d. Syllabic.
5. The aim of this procedure is to reconstruct what must have been the original form in
the common ancestral language.
a. comparative reconstruction
b. linguistic reconstruction
c. modern linguistics
d. Diachronic study
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6. The primary source for what developed as the English language were
a. Latin and Greek.
b. the medieval languages.
c. the French dialects.
d. the Germanic languages.
7. Northern Europeans that came to plunder and eventually settle in parts of the coastal
regions of Britain were the
a. Vikings
b. Normans
c. Romans
d. Hebrews
9. Epenthesis involves
a. a reversal in position of two adjoining sounds.
b. an addition of a sound to the middle of a word.
c. the addition of a sound to the beginning of a word.
a. a reversal in position of two words.
10. Prothesis is
a. a reversal in position of two adjoining sounds.
b. an addition of a sound to the middle of a word.
c. the addition of a sound to the beginning of a word.
a. a reversal in position of two words.
12. The most obvious way in which Modern English differs lexically from Old English is
in
a. the loss of inflectional affixes.
b. the addition of nasal sounds.
c. the number of borrowed words.
d. the great vowel shift.
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13. When it comes to syntactic changes, some noticeable differences between the
structure of sentences in Old English and Modern English involve
a. word order
b. correct nasalization
c. lazy articulation
d. addition of sounds
Part 1. Concepts. Define and/or explain the following concepts from middle
and modern English. Be precise and concise. 10 points
2. Industrial Revolution
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. Peasants
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. Modern English
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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5. Anglo-Norman:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
6. Latin:
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
7. Black Death:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
8. Canterbury Tales:
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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3. The study on variation in language from the historical perspective of change through
time is called ________________________ study.
4. The study of language is terms of differences within one language is different places
and among different groups at the same time is known as
______________________________study.
12. “The round shape of d, and the f that extends below the baseline” are two well
documented characteristics of _______________________________________.
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14. The Hundred Years’ War was between England and __________________________.
15. The man who brought the printing press to England was
__________________________________.
16. During the Great Vowel Shift there was a large influx of Latin and
__________________________ borrowings and neologisms.
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IV. Ejercicios de Análisis
Instrucción: Analysis. Answer the following questions correctly. Be careful with
grammar and punctuation.
a. thridda → third
b. glimsian → glimpse
c. scribere → escribir
3. With the following data to work from, complete the list of proto-
forms (write the words in the spaces given), and describe the three
different processes that must have taken place in the development of
this language set. Justify your answers. 8 points. 2 each task.
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1.______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__
2.______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__
3.______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
__
Take almondes, and blanche hem, and grinde hem, and drawe
hem thorgh a streynour with wyne, and with goode fressh broth
into gode mylke, and sette hit on the fire and lete boyle; and caste
therto Maces, clowes, Sugar, pouder of Ginger, and faire
parboiled oynons mynced; And then take faire oystres, and
parboyle hem togidre in faire water; And then caste hem thereto;
And lete hem boyle togidre til they ben yknowe; and serve hem
forth for gode potage.
Task taken from: Yule, George (1996).The Study of Language.
Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
5. Comparison. The following example illustrates one of the well
documented sound changes of the most natural development principle.
Explain which one it is and why. 4 points
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6. Pay careful attention to the following sets of words. There is one
sound change that is evident. Which one is it? Explain why. 3 points
8. In the following box you are faced with some examples from three
languages. Come up with a comparative reconstruction and decide
what the most likely proto-form was. Write the proto-form words in the
spaces and explain your procedure to arrive at conclusions. 4 points
Proto-Form____________________________________
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1. __________ Epenthesis involves the addition of a sound to the middle of
a word.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
8. __________ Modern English has more vowel sounds than Old English.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
10. __________ During the Old English period, English was spoken mostly by
the peasants.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
14. __________Regional dialects are often the pride for those living in
different regions.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
16. __________A person who speaks the dialect of the “street” and the dialect
of the “school” is bilingual.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
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18. __________A Creole develops from language planning.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
1. Explain one reason why the printing press was a major factor in the
development of modern English. (3 pts)
2. What was the Great Vowel Shift about? Explain it. (2 pts)
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3. What does the Great Vowel Shift mark in the history of English? (2 pts)
4. How was the vowel “a” pronounced in the word “make” before the Great
Vowel Shift? (1 pt)
7. Who was Shakespeare and what was his contribution to Modern English?
(2 pts)
8. How can you use the word “cow” and “beef” to illustrate the influence of
the Normans on English? (3 pts)
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9. What role did the Black Death play in the development of English? (1 pt)
10. What is the most famous example of Middle English and why? (3 pt)
11. Explain how the Statute of Pleading influenced the history of English. (2
pts)
12. Explain at least three changes that took place in the pronunciation of
English during the Great Vowel Shift. (4 pts)
13. Explain three reasons why the printing press was a major factor in the
development of modern English. (3 pts)
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14. What are three characteristics of the writing system of Middle English? (5
pts)
15. What are three evident pronunciation changes that took place during the
Middle English period? (5 pts)
Chart 1
Title Romeo and Juliet
Author (1 pt)
Settings (3 pts)
Genre (Type of
Literature) (1 pt)
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Summary of the
plot 4 points)
Chart 2
Title The Canterbury Tales
Author (1 pt)
Genre (Type of
Literature) (1 pt
Date of
composition (2
pts)
Summary of the
plot (6 pts)
Chart 3
Calligraphy Alphabet
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1. 1.
2. 2.
Chart 4
Date: 7.
1._____________
4. 8.
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Chart 5
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