FMTransmitterProject

DanSimon
ESC120
Fall2009
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SchematicExample
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ComponentSymbols
Wiresandwireconnections
Currentpractice:
EitherA orB isacceptableC isthepreferredstyle
D isseldomusedE isinterpretedasanonconnection
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ComponentSymbols
Powersources(V)andcommonconnections(GND)
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ComponentSymbols
Resistors(R)andCapacitors(C)
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ComponentSymbols
Inductors(L)andTransformers(T)
simple
inductors
transformers
The two parallel lines indicate
that the inductor is wound on a
core of iron, iron powder, or
ferrite material.
adjustable adjustable tapped
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ComponentSymbols
Diodes(D)
Thearrowpointsinthealloweddirectionof
conventional(positivecharges)currentflow.
Thebarrepresentsthecathode,markedwith
abandonmostparts.
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ComponentSymbols
Transistors(Q)
bipolarNPN
junctiontransistor
bipolarPNP
junctiontransistor
Nchanneljunction
fieldeffecttransistor
Pchanneljunction
fieldeffecttransistor
NchannelMOS
fieldeffecttransistor
PchannelMOS
fieldeffecttransistor
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ComponentSymbols
Integratedcircuits(U)
Most complex integrated circuits are represented on schematic diagrams as a
rectangular block symbol, with pin numbers and, usually, pin functions indicated;
but many logic integrated circuits have special symbols that identify their function.
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ComponentSymbols
Switches(S)andRelays(K)
singlepolesinglethrow
SPST
singlepoledoublethrow
SPDT
doublepolesinglethrow
DPST
doublepoledoublethrow
DPDT
rotaryswitch
1pole,5position
singlepoledoublethrow
relay
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DrawingSchematicDiagrams
Useoneofthemanyschematiccaptureprogramsavailableonthe
WWWforfreedownload,forexample:
ExpressPCB http://www.expresspcb.com/
EagleLite http://www.cadsoftusa.com/freeware.htm
Theseusuallyincludeprintedcircuitboardlayoutcapabilityalso.
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Buildingaprototype
Solderless breadboards
Perfboards orProtoboards
EtchedCircuitBoards
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SolderlessBreadboards
The term breadboard originated in
the early days of radio, when many
experimenters actually built circuits
on the wooden boards used in their
mothers kitchen for rolling out
bread dough.
Solderlessbreadboards:Thebestthingto
comealongsinceslicedbread!
Ahamradiotransmittercirca1930
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Perfbord orProtoboard
Components are soldered to the board, with connections made
using a combination of short pieces of wire and the copper traces
already present on some versions of these boards.
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EtchedCircuitBoards
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SolderingTutorial
Soldering:Fasteningmetalobjectsusingmolten
metal(solder)astheglue.
Threerequirements:
1. Lowmeltingpointmetal(wiresolder)
2. Heatsource(solderingiron)
3. Flux(topreventsurfacesfromoxidizing)
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TypesofSolder
TinLeadsolders
60%Tin,40%Lead solidat361F,liquidat374F
63%Tin,37%Lead eutecticpointis361F
nopastyrangesojointmovementlessaproblem
SilverbearingSolder
62%Tin,36%Lead,2%Silver solidat354F,
liquidat372F
oftenusedforsurfacemountcomponentswhose
contactscontaintraceamountsofsilver
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SolderingIrons
Constantwattage
IroniscontinuouslyONandeventuallyreaches
equilibriumtemperature
20to25wattironsufficientforcircuitboard
assembly
Constanttemperature
Tipincorporatesathermostaticelementto
maintaindesiredtiptemperature
650 750Fappropriateforcircuitboard
assembly
Weller30wattiron
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SolderingIrons
TemperatureControlledSolderStation
Feedbackcontrolmaintainstipat
desiredtemperature
Adjustable,oftenwithanalogordigital
temperaturedisplay
Manyhavegroundedtiptohelp
preventESDdamage
Wellersolderstation
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TypesofFlux
RosinFlux
TypeR ordinaryrosin mostcommon
TypeRMA mildlyactivatedrosin
TypeRA activatedrosin usewithcare
AcidFlux NEVERusethisforelectronics
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Fluxcoresolder
Mostsolderusedforelectronics
assemblyisinwireform,withthe
fluxincorporatedinsidethesolder.
Multicore solderhasseveral
(usuallyfive)separatefluxchannels
withinthesolder.
Forcircuitboardassemblyusewire
solderwithadiameterofabout
0.025inchorless
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SolderingaComponent
Use a lead bending jig, if available, to form the
component leads to the correct spacing
If a bending jig is not on hand, grasp the
leads, not the body, of the component with
needlenosed pliers and bend gently.
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SolderingaComponent
Insert the components leads through
the holes in the circuit board. The body
should lie flat against the board without
having to force it down.
Turn the board over and
gently bend the component
leads outward to hold the
component in place
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SolderingaComponent
Clean the iron tip by wiping on a damp
sponge. Tin the tip by applying solder,
then wipe again.
Apply the iron in contact with both
the circuit board pad and the
component lead. Apply solder to
the joint, not to the iron, and allow
the heated joint to melt the solder
QTMovieClip
QTMovieClip
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SolderingaComponent
Use a pair of flushcutting wire cutters to cut off
the excess lead length as close to the board as
possible. Hold the lead so will not fly away when
cut, a possible occasion for eye injury.
!!WEARSAFETYGLASSES!!
Inspect the soldered and
trimmed lead. It should be
uniform and shiny, with no
cracks, gaps, or graininess.
Goodsoldering
Badsoldering
QTMovieClip
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Soldering
SolderingGuide.htm
CuriousInventorGuides:HowToSolder.flv
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FMTransmitterProject
Electromagneticradiation:Themotionof
packetsofenergycalledphotons
Speed=Wavelength Frequency
Speedoflight 300millionmeters/second
Wavelengthismeasuredinmeters
FrequencyismeasuredinHertz(sec
1
)
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FMTransmitterProject
Examples:
100.7FM,Wavelength=310
8
/100.710
6
=
2.98meters
1100AM,Wavelength=310
8
/110010
3
=
273meters
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FMTransmitterProject
AmplitudeModulation:AMDemo.mov
FrequencyModulation:FMDemo.mov
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FMTransmitterProject
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FMTransmitterProject
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FMTransmitterProject
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Resistor
Color
Codes
FMTransmitterProject
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FMTransmitterProject
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Acknowledgments
LSUAerospaceCatalystExperiencesforStudentsproject,
http://laspace.lsu.edu/aces/BalloonCourse/Electronics/Unit_Links.htm
http://hamelmer.com
http://kirkwoodschools.org/faculty/mcgeech/light%20unit
http://www.leonaudio.com.au/rescode.gif
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