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SELCO has equipment for control, protection and monitoring generators operating in parallel with each other or with the grid. SELCO load sharers provide automatic load sharing for generators running in parallel. The SELCO synchronizers perform automatic synchronisation of incoming generators.
SELCO has equipment for control, protection and monitoring generators operating in parallel with each other or with the grid. SELCO load sharers provide automatic load sharing for generators running in parallel. The SELCO synchronizers perform automatic synchronisation of incoming generators.
SELCO has equipment for control, protection and monitoring generators operating in parallel with each other or with the grid. SELCO load sharers provide automatic load sharing for generators running in parallel. The SELCO synchronizers perform automatic synchronisation of incoming generators.
ingly important issue in the electricity market. For some companies it is benecial always to utilise a certain amount of their own power generating capacity and only import the excess power from the grid. This is also called base-load. See g. 1. In case of limited grid capacity, companies sometimes have to pay a penalty fee when they exceed a certain agreed amount of power, and then it is benecial to import only this amount of power from the grid, and produce the excess power with own power generating equipment. This is also called peak-lopping or peak- shaving. Another important factor is the increasing liberalisation of the electricity market in many countries. It is now more and more common to be permitted to operate in parallel with the grid, when proper generator control equipment is used. Also many countries now have a policy for exporting excess power to the grid. SELCO has equipment for control, protection and monitoring generators operating in parallel with each other or with the grid. The SELCO load sharers provide automatic load sharing for generators running in parallel. When applied with the SELCO B9300 Power Reference Unit, one or several generators in parallel operation with the grid can be controlled. The SELCO T4900 VAr (Voltage Ampere reactive) Load Sharer provides automatic VAr load sharing for parallel running generators. The VAr Load Sharer can also be used for power factor control (cos ) on a generator in parallel operation with the grid. The SELCO synchronizers perform automatic synchronisation of incoming generators. By Erik Mikkelsen, Product Manager Ms. Sc., SELCO A/S Fig. 1. Illustration of base-load Fig. 2. Illustration of peak-shaving 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 LOAD DEV. % SYS. FREQ. Hz STABILITY FREQ. OUT FREQ. IN FREQ. IN SYNC. UNLOAD WATT IN - TEST OUT - PARALLEL LINES COM + INCR. DECR. 1 0 10 LOAD SHARER T4800 AUTO TRIP 5 % REV. POWER 5 sec. 50 60 -20 +20 I N U N Fig. 3. The SELCO T4800 Load Sharer. Fig. 4 shows an application diagram for co-generation with constant generator load and optional power factor regulation using SELCO equipment. On the Power Reference Unit B9300 the setting determines the amount of power (in % of generator capacity) to be produced. An output voltage to terminals 12 and 13 on one or more load sharers will cause a constant load on the generators. There is one load sharer for each generator. In case of more than one generator, the load sharers will share the load proportionally. If the load is larger than the produced power, the system imports from the grid. If the load is lower than the produced power, the system exports to the grid. The load sharer is supplied from two phases of the busbar on terminals 3 and 2 (1). The current from the generator is measured (on the third phase) via a cur- rent transformer connected to terminals 5 and 6. From the current and voltage the power from the generator is determined. If the power is higher than corresponding Base-load with one or more Generators to the setting on terminals 12 and 13, decrease pulses will be applied to governor. If the power is lower than corresponding to the setting, increase pulses will be applied to the governor. If more than one generator is connected, each generator will produce power according to the setting on terminals 12 and 13 on the corresponding load sharer. When the grid is off, the supply to the reference unit is off. Terminals 12 and 13 of each load sharer are now used for communicating power and frequency balance between the paralleled generators. An unloading facility is available on the load sharer. When terminals 7 and 12 are interconnected, the load on the generator is reduced and maintained on a low value (< 5%). For power factor regulation one VAr load sharer per generator can be added as illustrated in g. 4. Inputs to the VAr load sharer are similar to the inputs to the load sharer. When the grid is on, terminals 12 and 28 are interconnected, and this will set the VAr load sharer in power factor mode. The power factor setting is determined by an external potentiometer across terminals 29 and 30. Increase and decrease pulses control a motorized potentiometer, connected to the genera- tors AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulation). This will cause the generator to produce the amount of reactive power according to the power factor setting.
When the grid is off, the VAr load sharers will cause the generators to share the reactive load proportionally. Terminals 12 and 13 of each VAr load sharer are now used for communicating reactive power and voltage balance between the paralleled generators.
An unloading facility is available on the VAr load sharer. When terminals 7 and 12 are interconnected, the reactive power on the generator is reduced to zero. If the grid is on, the unit is in power factor mode. In this mode the power factor will be adjusted to unity. Fig. 4. Co-Generation Application Diagram. One or more generators with constant generator load and generator power factor regulation VAr - UNLOAD GEN. MOTOR SUPPLY M MOTORPOT. E7800 1 2 3 D E C R E A S E I N C R E A S E 16 14 15 4 DROOP AVR 5 6 GEN. L 2 3 L L 1 POWER FACTOR REGULATOR one per gen. VAr LOAD SHARER T4900 13 12 28 7 29 INDUCTIVE PF SET 12 FROM T4900 13 12 TO NEXT T4900 13 2 1 5 6 30 3 GRID UNLOAD GEN. DROOP M MOTOR SUPPLY 14 15 IN- CREASE DE- CREASE 16 CONSUMER LOAD SHARER T4800 2 1 6 5 3 7 12 13 LOAD REGULATOR one per gen. 12 FROM T4800 13 POWER REFERENCE B9300-xx-10 + 2 1 5 3 12 13 GENERATOR LOAD SET only one TO NEXT T4800 BUS T0199- 51E Fig. 5 shows an application diagram for co-generation with constant grid load. In this case the regulation is based on measuring the current from the grid rather than the current from the generators. Thus we can keep the grid load constant. Due to the fact that the input is now the current from the grid, there is only one measuring current, so in the set-up in g. 5 we can only regulate one generator. The guidelines are similar to those of base-load. On the Power Reference Unit the setting determines the amount of power to be imported (or exported if you change terminals 3 and 5). An output voltage to terminals 12 and 13 on the load sharers will cause a constant grid load. The load sharer is supplied from two phases of the busbar on terminals 3 and 2 (1). The current from the grid is measured (on the third phase) via a current transformer connected to Peak-shaving with one Generator terminal 5 and 6. From the current and voltage the power from the grid is determined. If the power from the grid is higher than corresponding to the setting on terminals 12 and 13, increase pulses will be applied to the governor. If the power from the grid is lower than corresponding to the setting, decrease pulses will be applied to the governor. An unloading facility is available on the load sharer. When terminals 7 and 12 are interconnected, the load on the generator is reduced and maintained on a low value (<5%). If power factor regulation is wanted, a VAr load sharer can be added as illustrated in g. 5. Inputs to the VAr load sharer are similar to the inputs to the load sharer. When the grid is on, terminals 12 and 28 are interconnected, and this will set the VAr load sharer in power factor mode. The power factor setting is determined by an external potentiometer across terminals 29 and 30. Increase and decrease pulses control a motorized potentiometer, connected to the generators AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulation). This will cause the generator to produce the amount of reactive power according to the power factor setting.
An unloading facility is available on the VAr load sharer. If the grid is on, the power factor will be adjusted to unity. D E C R E A S E L L L SUPPLY MOTOR I N C R E A S E GEN. AVR 1 2 3 5 6 3 2 1 14 VAr LOAD SHARER T4900 12 VAr - UNLOAD GRID 7 28 16 15 30 29 POWER FACTOR REGULATOR INDUCTIVE PF SET 5 6 3 2 1 GRID D E C R E A S E SUPPLY M I N C R E A S E MOTOR CONSUMER 14 16 15 LOAD SHARER T4800 12 UNLOAD GRID 7 13 LOAD REGULATOR POWER REFERENCE B9300-xx-10 3 5 IMPORT POWER SET BUS T0799- 51E Fig. 5. Co-Generation Application Diagram. Single generator with constant grid load and power factor regulation Fig. 6 shows an application diagram for co-generation with constant grid load using multiple generators. When the grid is on there will be constant grid load (within set limits). When the grid is off, the generators will have active load sharing. The Load Reference Unit is a special version (-1V to +1V). The setting on this determines the amount of power to import or export (minus for import and plus for export). The current to the grid is measured and fed to terminals 5 and 6 on the upper load sharer. From the current and the voltage the power to the grid is calculated. The increase and decrease signals from this load sharer will adjust a motorized potentiometer. The output voltage from the motorized potentiometer will tell the lower load sharers how much power to be Fig. 6. Co-Generation Application Diagram. Multiple generators with constant grid load. Peak-shaving with Multiple Generators produced by the generators. The inputs to the lower load sharers are the current from the generators. From the current and voltage the generated power is calculated. With increase and decrease signals to the governor on the generators, the generator output is controlled so that it corresponds to the required power. Note that there is an adjustment on the motorized potentiometer, where one can adjust the generator maximum limit (in order to protect the generators from overload). The output from the motorized potentiometer can not go below zero (thus avoiding power to the generators from the grid). In g. 6 it is also indicated on the load sharers how an optional trip for reverse power and unload can be used. The system can also be equipped with VAr load sharers in a similar manner to that shown in g. 7. When the grid is on, power factor regulation is obtained according to the setting of the potentiometer on terminals 29 and 30 on the upper VAr Load Sharer. The lower VAr load sharers will control the generators to produce the required reactive power. When the grid is off, the lower VAr load sharers will perform reactive load sharing and voltage control. T0699- 51E E7800-90 UNLOAD GRID TRIP GEN. LOAD SHARER T4800-31 M DROOP UNLOAD GEN. DECREASE LOAD SHARER T4800-31 P O W E R
D I R E C T IO N IM P O R T EXPORT TRIP GRID 24V + M REDUCED SPEED - GEN. MAX. LIMIT GRID ON: CONSTANT GRID LOAD GRID OFF: ACTIVE LOAD SHARING AND FREQUENCY CONTROL TRIP NEXT T4800 GEN. LOAD SHARER T4800-31 M UNLOAD GEN. DROOP DECREASE SUPPLY CONSUMER - 24V + 24V POWER REFERENCE B9300-38-11 LOAD REF. UNIT BUS Fig. 7. Co-Generation Application Diagram. Multiple generators with constant grid power factor regulation. T0599- 51E E7800-90 AVR (DROOP) GEN. MOTORPOT. E7800 M VAr UNLOAD GEN. SUPPLY VAr LOAD SHARER T4900 VAr UNLOAD TRIP VAr LOAD SHARER T4900 IMPORT VAr UNLOAD TRIP P O W E R
D I R E C T I O N IM P O R T E X P O R T GRID GEN. MAX. LIMIT VAr UNLOAD GRID REDUCED SPEED M 24V + COS : 1.0 - 0.7 INDUCTIVE - (DROOP) AVR GEN. MOTORPOT. E7800 M VAr UNLOAD GEN. SUPPLY NEXT T4900 VAr LOAD SHARER T4900 VAr UNLOAD TRIP CONSUMER GRID IMPORT OR EXPORT GRID ON: CONSTANT GRID POWER FACTOR
GRID OFF: REACTIVE LOAD SHARING AND VOLTAGE CONTROL - 24V + 24V (COS ) INDUCTIVE BUS T 0 8 9 9 - 5 1 E The specifications are subject to change without notice. Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria China Croatia Czech Republic Egypt Finland Main office: Betonvej 10 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Phone: + 45 - 70 26 11 22 Fax: + 45 - 70 26 25 22 e-mail: selco.dk@selco.com www.selco.com Subsidiary: 3 Blackhorse Lane Ipswich IP1 2EF United Kingdom Phone : +44 (0) 1473 210544 Fax: +44 (0) 1473 230439 e-mail: selco.uk@selco.com www.selco.com SELCO Worldwide Korea Malaysia Morocco Netherlands Norway Pakistan Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russia France Germany Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Italy Japan Singapore South Africa Spain Sweden Taiwan Thailand Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom U.S.A. Type Approvals and Certicates The SELCO equipment has been thoroughly tested by certified laboratories with regard to high vibration levels, heat, cold, humidity, salt mist, EMC emission and immunity as well as other parameters. SELCO products are in accordance with all significant international standards and have been approved and certified by the major marine classification societies. SELCO Denmark SELCO subsidiary SELCO representation Area of supply