Correction

PENOLOGY defned:
- The study of punishment for crime or of criminal ofenders !t includes the study of control and
pre"ention of crime throu#h punishment of criminal ofenders
- The term is deri"ed from the Latin $ord %POEN&' $hich means pain or suferin#
CO((ECT!ON defned:
- & )ranch of the Criminal *ustice +ystem concerned $ith the custody, super"ision and
reha)ilitation of criminal ofenders
- !t is that feld of criminal -ustice administration $hich utili.es the )ody of /no$led#e and
practices of the #o"ernment and the society in #eneral in"ol"in# the processes of handlin#
indi"iduals $ho ha"e )een con"icted of ofenses for purposes of crime pre"ention and control
G&OL+ - 0*ails1 2 pretrial detention facilities operated )y En#lish +herif
Galleys 2 lon#, lo$, narro$, sin#le dec/ed ships propelled )y sails, usually ro$ed )y criminals &
type of ship used for transportation of criminals in the 34th century
5ul/s 2 decrepit transport, former $arships used to house prisoners in the 36th and 37th century
These $ere a)andoned $arships con"erted into prisons as means of relie"in# con#estion of
prisoners They $ere also called %8oatin# hells'
Early Prisons:
9amertine Prison 2 the only early (oman place of confnement $hich is )uilt under the main
se$er of (ome in 4: ;C
Other places of confnement in the history of confnement include <O(T(E++E+, C&+TLE+, and
TO=N G&TE+ that $ere stron#ly )uilt purposely a#ainst ro"in# )ands of raiders
The most popular $or/house $as the ;(!>E=ELL =O(?5O@+E 03AAB1 in London $hich $as )uilt
for the employment and housin# of En#lish prisoners
=ulnut +treet *ail 2 ori#inally constructed as a detention -ail in Philadelphia !t $as con"erted into
a state prison and )ecame the frst &merican Penitentiary
Punishment:
- !t is also the penalty imposed on an ofender for a crime or $ron#doin#
&ncient <orms of Punishment:
3 >eath Penalty 2 afected )y )urnin#, )eheadin#, han#in#, )rea/in# at the $heels, pillory and
other forms of medie"al eCecutions
D Physical Torture 2 afected )y maimin#, mutilation, $hippin# and other inhumane or )ar)aric
forms of in8ictin# pain
E +ocial >e#radation 2 puttin# the ofender into shame or humiliation
: ;anishment or ECile 2 the sendin# or puttin# a$ay of an ofender $hich $as carried out either
)y prohi)ition a#ainst comin# into a specifed territory such as an island to $here the ofender
has )een remo"ed
A Other similar forms of punishment li/e transportation and sla"ery
Early <orms of Prison >iscipline:
3 5ard La)or - producti"e $or/s
D >epri"ation 2 depri"ation of e"erythin# eCcept the )are essentials of eCistence
E 9onotony 2 #i"in# the same food that is %of' diet, or reFuirin# the prisoners to perform dra) or
)orin# daily routine
: @niformity 2 % $e treat the prisoners ali/e' % the fault of one is the fault of all'
A 9ass 9o"ement 2 mass li"in# in cell )loc/s, mass eatin#, mass recreation, mass )athin#
4 >e#radation 2 utterin# insultin# $ords or lan#ua#es on the part of prison staf to the prisoners
to de#rade or )rea/ the confdence of prisoners
B Corporal Punishment 2 imposin# )rutal punishment or employin# physical force to intimidate a
delinFuent inmate
6 !solation or +olitary Confnement 2 non-communication, limited ne$s, % the lone $olf'
Contemporary <orms of Punishment:
3 !mprisonment 2 puttin# the ofender in prison for the purpose of protectin# the pu)lic a#ainst
criminal acti"ities and at the same time reha)ilitatin# the prisoners )y reFuirin# them to under#o
institutional treatment pro#rams
D Parole - a conditional release of a prisoners after ser"in# part of hisGher sentence in prison for
the purpose of #radually re-introducin# himGher to free life under the #uidance and super"ision of
a parole oHcer
E Pro)ation 2 a disposition $here)y a defendant after con"iction of an ofense, the penalty of
$hich does not eCceed siC years imprisonment, is released su)-ect to the conditions imposed )y
the releasin# court and under the super"ision of a pro)ation oHcer
: <ine 2 an amount #i"en as a compensation for a criminal act
A >estierro 2 the penalty of )anishin# a person from the place $here he committed a crime,
prohi)itin# him to #et near or enter the DA-/ilometer perimeter
P@(PO+E+G*@+T!<!C&T!ON+ O< P@N!+59ENT
3 (etri)ution 2 the punishment should )e pro"ided )y the state $hose sanction is "iolated, to
aford the society or the indi"idual the opportunity of imposin# upon the ofender suita)le
punishment as mi#ht )e enforced Ofenders should )e punished )ecause they deser"e it
D ECpiation or &tonement 2 it is punishment in the form of #roup "en#eance $here the purpose
is to appease the ofended pu)lic or #roup
E >eterrence 2 punishment #i"es lesson to the ofender )y sho$in# to others $hat $ould happen
to them if they "iolate the la$ Punishment is imposed to $arn potential ofenders that they can
not aford to do $hat the ofender has done
: !ncapacitation and Protection 2 the pu)lic $ill )e protected if the ofender has )ein# held in
conditions $here he can not harm others especially the pu)lic Punishment is efected )y placin#
ofenders in prison so that society $ill )e ensured from further criminal depredations of criminals
A (eformation or (eha)ilitation 2 it is the esta)lishment of the usefulness and responsi)ility of
the ofender +ocietyIs interest can )e )etter ser"ed )y helpin# the prisoner to )ecome la$
a)idin# citi.en and producti"e upon his return to the community )y reFuirin# him to under#o
intensi"e pro#ram of reha)ilitation in prison