F Social Legislation

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LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION
Prof. Joselito Guianan Chan
LAST-MINUTE
NOTES ON THE 2012 BAR EXAMINATION IN LABOR LAW BASED ON THE
SUPREME COURT-PRESCRIBED SYLLABUS

F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION
[These 8-part Notes discuss all topics/sub-topics in the Supreme Court-prescribed Syllabus for Labor Law]
==================================================================
TOPI CS UNDER THE SYLLABUS

1. SSS Law (RA 8282)
a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries

2. GSIS (RA 8291)
a. Coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries

3. Limited Portability Law (RA 7699)
4. Employees Compensation Coverage and when compensable

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

===========================
TOPIC UNDER THE SYLLABUS:
1. SSS Law (RA 8282)
a. Coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries
===========================
1.COVERAGE.
a.Compulsorycoverage.
1.Allemployeesnotoversixty(60)yearsofageandtheiremployers.
2.DomestichelpersmonthlyincomeshallnotbelessthanP1,000.00permonth
b.Compulsorycoverageofselfemployed.
CoverageintheSSSshallalsobecompulsoryuponsuchselfemployedpersonsasmaybedeterminedby
theSSCommissionundersuchrulesandregulationsasitmayprescribe,includingbutnotlimitedtothefollowing:
1. Allselfemployedprofessionals;
2. Partnersandsingleproprietorsofbusinesses;
3. Actors and actresses, directors, scriptwriters and news correspondents who do not fall within the
definitionoftheterm"employee"inSection8(d)ofthisAct;
4. Professionalathletes,coaches,trainersandjockeys;and
5. Individualfarmersandfishermen.
Unlessotherwisespecifiedherein,allprovisionsofthisActapplicabletocoveredemployeesshallalsobe
applicabletothecoveredselfemployedpersons.
c.Voluntarycoverage.
1. Spouses who devote full time to managing the household and family affairs, unless they are also
engagedinothervocationoremploymentwhichissubjecttomandatorycoverage,maybecoveredby
theSSSonavoluntarybasis.
2. FilipinosrecruitedbyforeignbasedemployersforemploymentabroadmaybecoveredbytheSSSon
avoluntarybasis.
d.Effectivedateofcoverage.
1. EMPLOYEES: Compulsory coverage of the employer shall take effect on the first day of his operation
andthatoftheemployeeonthedayofhisemployment
2. SELFEMPLOYED: The compulsory coverage of the selfemployed person shall take effect upon his
registrationwiththeSSS.
ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

www.chanroblesbar.com : www.chanroblesbar.com.ph
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e.Effectofseparationfromemployment.
When an employee under compulsory coverage is separated from employment, his employers
contributiononhisaccountandhisobligationtopaycontributionsarisingfromthatemploymentshallceaseatthe
endofthemonthofseparation,butsaidemployeeshallbecreditedwithallcontributionspaidonhisbehalfand
entitled to benefits according to the provisions of this Act. He may, however, continue to pay the total
contributionstomaintainhisrighttofullbenefit.
f.Effectofinterruptionofbusinessorprofessionalincome.
IftheselfemployedrealizesNOincomeinanygivenmonth,heshallnotberequiredtopaycontributions
for that month. He may, however, be allowed to continue paying contributions under the same rules and
regulationsapplicabletoaseparatedemployeemember.
2.BENEFITS.
ThefollowingarethebenefitsprovidedundertheSSSLaw:
a.Monthlypension
b.Dependentspension
c.Retirementbenefits
d.Deathbenefits
e.Permanentdisabilitybenefits
f.Funeralbenefit
g.Sicknessbenefit
h.Maternityleavebenefit
2.1.MONTHLYPENSION.
A.MonthlyPension.
Themonthlypensionshallbethehighestofthefollowingamounts:
(1)Thesumofthefollowing:
(i) P300.00;plus
(ii) 20%oftheaveragemonthlysalarycredit;plus
(iii)2%oftheaveragemonthlysalarycreditforeachcreditedyearofserviceinexcessof10years;or
(2)40%oftheaveragemonthlysalarycredit;or
(3) P1,000.00: Provided, That the monthly pension shall in no case be paid for an aggregate amount of
lessthan60months.
B.MinimumPension.
Theminimumpensionshallbe:
(1) P1,200.00formemberswithatleast10creditedyearsofservice;and
(2) P2,400.00forthosewith20creditedyearsofservice.
2.2.DEPENDENTSPENSION.
Where monthly pension is payable on account of death, permanent total disability or retirement,
dependentspensionequivalentto10%ofthemonthlypensionorP250.00,whicheverishigher,shallalsobepaid
foreachdependentchildconceivedonorbeforethedateofthecontingencybutnotexceeding5,beginningwith
the youngest and without substitution: Provided, That where there are legitimate or illegitimate children, the
formershallbepreferred.
2.3.RETIREMENTBENEFITS.
A.MONTHLYPENSION.
Amemberwhohaspaidatleast120monthlycontributionspriortothesemesterofretirementandwho:
(1) hasreachedtheageof60yearsandisalreadyseparatedfromemploymentorhasceasedtobeself
employed;or
(2) hasreachedtheageof65years,
shallbeentitledforaslongashelivestothemonthlypension:Provided,Thatheshallhavetheoptiontoreceive
his first 18 monthly pensions in lump sum discounted at a preferential rate of interest to be determined by the
SSS.
Themonthlypensionofamemberwhoretiresafterreachingage60shallbethehigherofeither:
(1) the monthly pension computed at the earliest time he could have retired had he been separated
fromemploymentorceasedtobeselfemployedplusalladjustmentsthereto;or
(2) themonthlypensioncomputedatthetimewhenheactuallyretires.
B.LUMPSUMBENEFIT.
Acoveredmemberwhoissixty60yearsoldatretirementandwhodoesnotqualifyforpensionbenefits
underparagraph(a)above,shallbeentitledtoalumpsumbenefitequaltothetotalcontributionspaidbyhimand
onhisbehalf:Provided,Thatheisseparatedfromemploymentandisnotcontinuingpaymentofcontributionsto
theSSSonhisown.

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C.SUSPENSIONOFMONTHLYPENSION.
Themonthlypensionshallbesuspendeduponthereemploymentorresumptionofselfemploymentof
aretiredmemberwhoislessthan65yearsold.HeshallagainbesubjecttodeductionforSSScontributionsandhis
employershallpayitscorrespondingSSScontribution.
D.DEATHOFRETIREDMEMBER.
Under Section 12B [d] of R.A. No. 8282, it is provided that upon the death of the retired member, his
primarybeneficiariesasofthedateofhisretirementshallbeentitledtoreceivethemonthlypension:Provided,
That if he has no primary beneficiaries and he dies within 60 months from the start of his monthly pension, his
secondary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a lump sum benefit equivalent to the total monthly pensions
correspondingtothebalanceofthe5yearguaranteedperiod,excludingthedependentspension.
(NOTE:TheSupremeCourt,initsenbancdecisioninDycaicov.SSS,[G.R.No.161357,Nov.
30,2005],declaredtheprovisoasofthedateofhisretirementinSection12B[d]ofR.A.No.8282,
(See above) which qualifies the term primary beneficiaries, as unconstitutional for it violates the
dueprocessandequalprotectionclausesoftheConstitution.)
2.4.DEATHBENEFITS.
Upon the death of a member who has paid at least 36 monthly contributions prior to the semester of
death, his primary beneficiaries shall be entitled to the monthly pension: Provided, That if he has no primary
beneficiaries, his secondary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a lump sum benefit equivalent to 36 times the
monthlypension.
Ifhehasnotpaidtherequired36monthlycontributions,hisprimaryorsecondarybeneficiariesshallbe
entitledtoalumpsumbenefitequivalenttothemonthlypensiontimesthenumberofmonthlycontributionspaid
totheSSSor12timesthemonthlypension,whicheverishigher.
2.5.PERMANENTDISABILITYBENEFITS.
A.MONTHLYPENSION.
Uponthepermanenttotaldisabilityofamemberwhohaspaidatleast36monthlycontributionspriorto
the semester of disability, he shall be entitled to the monthly pension: Provided, That if he has not paid the
required36monthlycontributions,heshallbeentitledtoalumpsumbenefitequivalenttothemonthlypension
timesthenumberofmonthlycontributionspaidtotheSSSor12timesthemonthlypension,whicheverishigher.
B.WHENTREATEDASNEWMEMBER.
Amemberwho:
(1) hasreceivedalumpsumbenefit;and
(2) isreemployedorhasresumedselfemploymentnotearlierthan1yearfromthedateofhisdisability
shallagainbesubjecttocompulsorycoverageandshallbeconsideredanewmember.
C.SUSPENSIONOFMONTHLYPENSION.
Themonthlypensionanddependentspensionshallbesuspendeduponthe:
1.reemployment;or
2.resumptionofselfemployment;or
3.recoveryofthedisabledmemberfromhispermanenttotaldisability;or
4.failuretopresenthimselfforexaminationatleastonceayearuponnoticebytheSSS.
D.DEATHOFPENSIONER.
Upon the death of the permanent total disability pensioner, his primary beneficiaries as of the date of
disabilityshallbeentitledtoreceivethemonthlypension:Provided,Thatifhehasnoprimarybeneficiariesandhe
dies within 60 months from the start of his monthly pension, his secondary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a
lump sum benefit equivalent to the total monthly pensions corresponding to the balance of the fiveyear
guaranteedperiodexcludingthedependentspension.
E.DISABILITIESCONSIDEREDPERMANENTTOTAL.
Thefollowingdisabilitiesshallbedeemedpermanenttotal:
1.Completelossofsightofbotheyes;
2.Lossoftwolimbsatorabovetheankleorwrists;
3.Permanentcompleteparalysisoftwolimbs;
4.Braininjuryresultingtoincurableimbecilityorinsanity;and
5.SuchcasesasdeterminedandapprovedbytheSSS.
F.PERMANENTPARTIALDISABILITY.
If the disability is permanent partial, and such disability occurs before 36 monthly contributions have
been paid prior to the semester of disability, the benefit shall be such percentage of the lump sum benefit
described in the preceding paragraph with due regard to the degree of disability as the SS Commission may
determine.

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G.PERMANENTTOTALDISABILITY.
(f)Ifthedisabilityispermanenttotalandsuchdisabilityoccursafter36monthlycontributionshavebeen
paid prior to the semester of disability, the benefit shall be the monthly pension for permanent total disability
payablenotlongerthantheperioddesignatedinaccordancewiththescheduleprovidedundertheSSSLaw.
H.ADDITIVES.
Thepercentagedegreeofdisabilitywhichisequivalenttotheratiothatthedesignatednumberofmonths
ofcompensabilitybearsto75,roundedtothenexthigherinteger,shallnotbeadditivefordistinct,separateand
unrelated permanent partial disabilities, but shall be additive for deteriorating and related permanent partial
disabilitiestoamaximumof100%,inwhichcase,themembershallbedeemedaspermanentlytotallydisabled.
I.WHENLUMPSUMPAYMENTPROPER.
In case of permanent partial disability, the monthly pension benefit shall be given in lump sum if it is
payableforlessthan12months.
J.WHENPENSIONERRETIRESORDIES.
Shouldamemberwhoisonpartialdisabilitypensionretireordie,hisdisabilitypensionshallceaseupon
hisretirementordeath.
2.6.FUNERALBENEFIT.
AfuneralgrantofP12,000.00shallbepaid,incashorinkind,tohelpdefraythecostoffuneralexpenses
uponthedeathofamember,includingpermanentlytotallydisabledmemberorretiree.
2.7.SICKNESSBENEFIT.
A.ENTITLEMENT.
Amemberwhohaspaidatleast3monthlycontributionsinthe12monthperiodimmediatelypreceding
thesemesterofsicknessorinjuryandisconfinedthereforformorethan3daysinahospitalorelsewherewiththe
approval of the SSS, shall, for each day of compensable confinement or a fraction thereof, be paid by his
employer,ortheSSS,ifsuchpersonisunemployedorselfemployed,adailysicknessbenefitequivalentto90%of
hisaveragedailysalarycredit,subjecttothefollowingconditions:
(1) Innocaseshallthedailysicknessbenefitbepaidlongerthan120daysinone(1)calendaryear,nor
shallanyunusedportionofthe120daysofsicknessbenefitbecarriedforwardandaddedtothetotal
numberofcompensabledaysallowableinthesubsequentyear;
(2) The daily sickness benefit shall not be paid for more than 240 days on account of the same
confinement;and
(3)Theemployeemembershallnotifyhisemployerofthefactofhissicknessorinjurywithin5calendar
days after the start of his confinement unless such confinement is in a hospital or the employee
became sick or was injured while working or within the premises of the employer in which case,
notification to the employer is not necessary: Provided, That if the member is unemployed or self
employed, he shall directly notify the SSS of his confinement within 5 calendar days after the start
thereof unless such confinement is in a hospital in which case notification is also not necessary:
Provided,further,Thatincaseswherenotificationisnecessary,theconfinementshallbedeemedto
havestartednotearlierthanthe5thdayimmediatelyprecedingthedateofnotification.
B.COMPENSABLECONFINEMENT.
The compensable confinement shall begin on the first day of sickness, and the payment of such
allowances shall be promptly made by the employer every regular payday or on the 15
th
and last day of each
month,andsimilarlyinthecaseofdirectpaymentbytheSSS,foraslongassuchallowancesaredueandpayable:
Provided, That such allowance shall begin only after all sick leaves of absence with full pay to the credit of the
employeemembershallhavebeenexhausted.
C.PAYMENTOFSICKBENEFITBYSSS.
100% of the daily benefits shall be reimbursed by the SSS to said employer upon receipt of satisfactory
proofofsuchpaymentandlegalitythereof:Provided,ThattheemployerhasnotifiedtheSSSoftheconfinement
within5calendardaysafterreceiptofthenotificationfromtheemployeemember:Provided,further,Thatifthe
notificationtotheSSSismadebytheemployerbeyond5calendardaysafterreceiptofthenotificationfromthe
employeemember, said employer shall be reimbursed only for each day of confinement starting from the tenth
calendar day immediately preceding the date of notification to the SSS: Provided, finally, That the SSS shall
reimburse the employer or pay the unemployed member only for confinement within the oneyear period
immediatelyprecedingthedatetheclaimforbenefitorreimbursementisreceivedbytheSSS,exceptconfinement
inahospitalinwhichcasetheclaimforbenefitorreimbursementmustbefiledwithinone(1)yearfromthelast
dayofconfinement.
2.8.MATERNITYLEAVEBENEFIT.
A.FEMALEMEMBERENTITLED.
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A female member who has paid at least 3 monthly contributions in the 12month period immediately
precedingthesemesterofherchildbirthormiscarriageshallbepaidadailymaternitybenefitequivalentto100%
of her average daily salary credit for 60 days or 78 days in case of caesarian delivery, subject to the following
conditions:
(a) That the employee shall have notified heremployer of her pregnancyand theprobable date of her
childbirth,whichnoticeshallbetransmittedtotheSSSinaccordancewiththerulesandregulationsit
mayprovide;
(b) Thefullpaymentshall beadvancedbytheemployerwithin30daysfromthefilingofthematernity
leaveapplication;
(c) Thatpaymentofdailymaternitybenefitsshallbeabartotherecoveryofsicknessbenefitsprovided
undertheSSSLawforthesameperiodforwhichdailymaternitybenefitshavebeenreceived;
(d) Thatthematernitybenefitsshallbepaidonlyforthefirst4deliveriesormiscarriages;
(e) ThattheSSSshallimmediatelyreimbursetheemployerof100%oftheamountofmaternitybenefits
advanced to the employeebythe employer upon receipt of satisfactory proof of such payment and
legalitythereof;and
(f) That if an employee member should give birth or suffer miscarriage without the required
contributionshavingbeenremittedforherbyher employertotheSSS,orwithoutthelatterhaving
beenpreviouslynotifiedbytheemployerofthetimeofthepregnancy,theemployershallpaytothe
SSS damages equivalent to the benefits which said employee member would otherwise have been
entitledto.
3.BENEFICIARIES.

a.DependencyruleundertheSSSLaw.
UndertheSSSLaw,thedependentshallreferto:
(1) Thelegalspouseentitledbylawtoreceivesupportfromthemember;
(2) Thelegitimate,legitimated,orlegallyadopted,andillegitimatechildwhoisunmarried,not
gainfully employed and has not reached 21 of age, or if over 21 years of age, he is
congenitally or while still a minor has been permanently incapacitated and incapable of
selfsupport,physicallyormentally;and
(3) Theparentwhoisreceivingregularsupportfromthemember.
b.BeneficiariesundertheSSSLaw.
I.PRIMARYBENEFICIARIES.
Thefollowingareprimarybeneficiaries:
1. Thedependentspouseuntilheorsheremarries;
2. Thedependentlegitimate,legitimatedorlegallyadopted,andillegitimatechildren
[Note: The dependent illegitimate children shall be entitled to 50% of the share of the legitimate,
legitimated or legally adopted children: Provided, further, That in the absence of the dependent
legitimate, legitimated children of the member, his/her dependent illegitimate children shall be
entitledto100%ofthebenefits.]
II.SECONDARYBENEFICIARIES.
Thefollowingaresecondarybeneficiaries:
1. Thedependentparents,intheabsenceoftheprimarybeneficiaries.
2. Anyotherpersondesignatedbythememberashis/hersecondarybeneficiary,intheabsenceofall
theforegoing(primarybeneficiariesanddependentparents),
Signeyv.SSS,[G.R.No.173582,January28,2008]
ThiscaseinvolvestheissueofdependencyinvolvingconflictingclaimsoverdeathbenefitsprovidedunderR.A.
No. 8282. The petitioners husband, Rodolfo Signey, Sr., was a member of the SSS. He died on 21 May 2001. In his
membersrecords,hehaddesignatedYolandaSigney(petitioner)asprimarybeneficiaryandhisfourchildrenwithher
assecondarybeneficiaries.On6July2001,petitionerfiledaclaimfordeathbenefitswiththepublicrespondentSSS.She
revealed in her SSS claim that the deceased had a commonlaw wife, Gina Servano (Gina), with whom he had two
minor children, namely: Ginalyn Servano (Ginalyn), born on 13 April 1996, and Rodelyn Signey (Rodelyn), born on 20
April2000.
PetitionersdeclarationwasconfirmedwhenGinaherselffiledaclaimforthesamedeathbenefitson13July
2001inwhichshealsodeclaredthatbothsheandpetitionerwerecommonlawwivesofthedeceasedandthatEditha
Espinosa(Editha)wasthelegalwife.
Inaddition,inOctober2001,EdithaalsofiledanapplicationfordeathbenefitswiththeSSSstatingthatshewas
thelegalwifeofthedeceased.
Inresolvingtheissueofwhichofthepartieshavearightoverthedeathbenefits,theSupremeCourtaffirmed
thefactualfindingsoftheSSCandtheCourtofAppeals.Inthecaseatbar,theexistenceofapriorsubsistingmarriage
betweenthedeceasedandEdithaissupportedbysubstantialevidence.Petitioner,whohasfullyavailedofherrightto
beheard,onlyreliedonthewaiverofEdithaandfailedtopresentanyevidencetoinvalidateorotherwisecontrovertthe
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confirmedmarriagecertificateregisteredunderLCRRegistryNo.2083on21November1967.Shedidnoteventryto
allegeandproveanyinfirmityinthemarriagebetweenthedeceasedandEditha.
TheSupremeCourtfurtherruled:
AstotheissueofwhohasthebetterrightovertheSSSdeathbenefits,Section8[e]and
[k]ofR.A.No.8282isveryclear.Hence,weneedonlyapplythelaw.
Whoeverclaimsentitlementtothebenefitsprovidedbylawshouldestablishhisorher
righttheretobysubstantialevidence.Sincepetitionerisdisqualifiedtobeabeneficiaryandbecause
the deceased has no legitimate child, it follows that the dependent illegitimate minor children of
thedeceasedshallbeentitledtothedeathbenefitsasprimarybeneficiaries.TheSSSLawisclear
thatforaminorchildtoqualifyasadependent,theonlyrequirementsarethathe/shemustbe
below21yearsofage,notmarriednorgainfullyemployed.
In this case, the minor illegitimate children Ginalyn and Rodelyn were born on 13 April
1996and20April2000,respectively.HadthelegitimatechildofthedeceasedandEdithasurvived
andqualifiedasadependentundertheSSSLaw,GinalynandRodelynwouldhavebeenentitledto
ashareequivalenttoonly50%oftheshareofthesaidlegitimatechild.Sincethelegitimatechildof
thedeceasedpredeceasedhim,GinalynandRodelyn,astheonlyqualifiedprimarybeneficiariesof
thedeceased,areentitledto100%ofthebenefits.
Dycaicov.SSS,[G.R.No.161357,Nov.30,2005]
(ProvisoinSection12BofR.A.No.8282declaredunconstitutional).
Inthiscase,BonifacioS.Dycaico,thedeceasedhusbandofpetitioner,becameamemberoftheSSSonJanuary
24,1980.Inhisselfemployeddatarecord(SSSFormRS1),henamedthepetitioner,ElenaP.Dycaico,andtheireight
childrenashisbeneficiaries.Atthattime,BonifacioandElenalivedtogetherashusbandandwifewithoutthebenefitof
marriage. In June 1989, Bonifacio was considered retired and began receiving his monthly pension from the SSS. He
continued to receive the monthly pension until he passed away on June 19, 1997. A few months prior to his death,
however,BonifaciomarriedthepetitioneronJanuary6,1997.ShortlyafterBonifaciosdeath,thepetitionerfiledwith
theSSSanapplicationforsurvivorspension.Herapplication,however,wasdeniedonthegroundthatunderSection
12B[d]ofR.A.No.8282ortheSocialSecurityLaw,shecouldnotbeconsideredaprimarybeneficiaryofBonifacioasof
thedateofhisretirement.Thesaidprovisoreads:
SEC.12B.RetirementBenefits.
(d)Uponthedeathoftheretiredmember,hisprimarybeneficiariesasofthedateofhisretirement
shallbeentitledtoreceivethemonthlypension.
The Supreme Court declared the above proviso as of the date of his retirement which qualifies the term
primary beneficiaries, as unconstitutional for it violates the due process and equal protection clauses of the
Constitution.
As illustrated by the petitioners case, the said proviso as of the date of his retirement which qualifies the
term primary beneficiaries results in the classification of dependent spouses as primary beneficiaries into two (2)
groups:
(1) Those dependent spouses whose respective marriages to SSS members were contracted prior to the
lattersretirement;and
(2) ThosedependentspouseswhoserespectivemarriagestoSSSmemberswerecontractedafterthelatters
retirement.
Underlying these two (2) classifications of dependent spouses is that their respective marriages are valid.In
other words, both groups are legitimate or legal spouses.The distinction between them lies solely on the date the
marriage was contracted.The petitioner belongs to the second group of dependent spouses, i.e., her marriage to
Bonifacio was contracted after his retirement. As such, she and those similarly situated do not qualify as primary
beneficiariesunderSection 12B [d] ofR.A.No.8282and,therefore, arenot entitled tosurvivorspensionunderthe
sameprovisionbyreasonofthesubjectproviso.
ItisnotedthattheeligibilityofdependentchildrenwhoarebiologicaloffspringsofaretiredSSSmemberto
beconsidered as hisprimarybeneficiariesunderSection 12B [d] ofR.A.No.8282 is not substantiallyaffected by the
provisoasofthedateofhisretirement.Abiologicalchild,whetherlegitimate,legitimatedorillegitimate,isentitledto
survivorspensionuponthedeathofaretiredSSSmembersolongasthesaidchildisunmarried,notgainfullyemployed
andhasnotreachedtwentyone(21)yearsofage,orifovertwentyone(21)yearsofage,heorsheiscongenitallyor
whilestillaminorhasbeenpermanentlyincapacitatedandincapableofselfsupport,physicallyormentally.
On the other hand, the eligibility of legally adopted children to be considered primary beneficiaries under
Section12B[d]ofR.A.No.8282isaffectedbytheprovisoasofthedateofhisretirementinthesamemannerasthe
dependent spouses.A legallyadoptedchild who satisfies the requirements inSection8[e] (2) thereof is considered a
primarybeneficiaryofaretiredSSSmemberuponthelattersdeathonlyifthesaidchildhadbeenlegallyadoptedprior
to the members retirement. One who was legally adopted by the SSS member after his or her retirement does not
qualifyasaprimarybeneficiaryforthepurposeofentitlementtosurvivorspensionunderSection12B[d]ofR.A.No.
8282.
TheSupremeCourtfurtherdeclaredthatclassifyingdependentspousesanddeterminingtheirentitlementto
survivorspensionbasedonwhetherthemarriagewascontractedbeforeoraftertheretirementoftheotherspouse,
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regardlessofthedurationofthesaidmarriage,bearsnorelationtotheachievementofthepolicyobjectiveofthelaw,
i.e., provide meaningful protection to members and their beneficiaries against the hazard of disability, sickness,
maternity, old age, death and other contingencies resulting in loss of income or financial burden.The nexus of the
classificationtothepolicyobjectiveisvagueandflimsy.Putdifferently,suchclassificationofdependentspousesisnot
germanetotheaforesaidpolicyobjective.

===========================
2. GSIS (RA 8291)
a. Coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries
===========================
1.COVERAGE.

a.Compulsorycoverage.
Membership in the GSIS shall be compulsory for all employees receiving compensation who have not
reachedthecompulsoryretirementage,irrespectiveofemploymentstatus.
2.EXCLUSIONSFROMCOVERAGE.
a.ExcludedemployeesundertheGSISLaw.
Exceptedfromitscoverageare:
1. MembersoftheArmedForcesofthePhilippines(AFP)
2. MembersofthePhilippineNationalPolice(PNP)
3. Contractualswhohavenoemployerandemployeerelationshipwiththeagenciestheyserve.
b.Membersofthejudiciaryandconstitutionalcommissions.
Membersofthejudiciaryandconstitutionalcommissionsshallhavelifeinsuranceonly.
c.Effectofseparationfromtheservice.
A member separated from the service shall continue to be a member,and shall beentitled to whatever
benefitshehasqualifiedtointheeventofanycontingencycompensableundertheGSISLaw.
3.BENEFITS.
a.BenefitsundertheGSISLaw.
AllmembersoftheGSISshallhavethefollowingbenefits:
1.Monthlypension
2.Separationbenefits
3.Unemploymentorinvoluntaryseparationbenefits
4.Retirementbenefits
5.Permanentdisabilitybenefits
a.Totalandpermanentdisabilitybenefits
b.Permanentandpartialdisabilitybenefits
6.Temporarydisabilitybenefits
7.Nonscheduleddisability
8.Survivorshipbenefits
9.Funeralbenefits
10.Lifeinsurancebenefits
a.Compulsorylifeinsurance
b.Optionalinsurance
3.1.MONTHLYPENSION.
A.BASICMONTHLYPENSION.
Thebasicmonthlypensionisequalto:
(1) 37.5%oftherevaluedaveragemonthlycompensation;plus
(2) 2.5%ofsaidrevaluedaveragemonthlycompensationforeachyearofserviceinexcessof15years:
Provided, That the basic monthly pension shall not exceed 90% of the average monthly
compensation.
The basic monthly pension shall not be less than P1,300.00: Provided, further, That the basic monthly
pensionforthosewhohaverenderedatleast20yearsofserviceshallnotbelessthanP2,400.00amonth.
B.COMPUTATIONOFSERVICE.
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Thecomputationofserviceforthepurposeofdeterminingtheamountofbenefitsshallbefromthedate
of original appointment/election, including periods of service at different times under one or more employers,
thoseperformedoverseasundertheauthorityoftheRepublicofthePhilippines,andthosethatmaybeprescribed
bytheGSISincoordinationwiththeCivilServiceCommission.
Thetermserviceshallincludefulltimeservicewithcompensation:Provided,Thatparttimeandother
serviceswithcompensationmaybeincludedundersuchrulesandregulationsasmaybeprescribedbytheGSIS.
C.EXCLUDEDSERVICE.
Allservicecreditedforretirement,resignationorseparationforwhichcorrespondingbenefitshavebeen
awardedundertheGSISLaworotherlawsshallbeexcludedinthecomputationofserviceincaseofreinstatement
intheserviceofanemployerandsubsequentretirementorseparationwhichiscompensableunderthisAct.
3.2.SEPARATIONBENEFITS.
Theseparationbenefitsshallconsistof:
(a) acashpaymentequivalentto100%ofhisaveragemonthlycompensationforeachyearofservicehe
paid contributions, but not less than P12,000 payable upon reaching 60 years of age or upon
separation,whichevercomeslater:Provided,Thatthememberresignsorseparatesfromtheservice
afterhehasrenderedatleast3yearsofservicebutlessthan15years;or
(b) acashpaymentequivalentto18timeshisbasicmonthlypensionpayableatthetimeofresignation
or separation, plus an oldage pension benefit equal to the basic monthly pension payable monthly
forlifeuponreachingtheageof60:Provided,Thatthememberresignsorseparatesfromtheservice
after he has rendered at least 15 years of service and is below 60 years of age at the time of
resignationorseparation.
3.3.UNEMPLOYMENTORINVOLUNTARYSEPARATIONBENEFITS.
Unemploymentbenefitsintheformofmonthlycashpaymentsequivalentto50%oftheaveragemonthly
compensationshall bepaidtoapermanentemployeewhoisinvoluntarilyseparatedfromtheserviceduetothe
abolition of his office or position usually resulting from reorganization: Provided, That he has been paying
integratedcontributionsforatleast1yearpriortoseparation.
3.4.RETIREMENTBENEFITS.
A.AMOUNTOFRETIREMENTBENEFITS.
Retirementbenefitshallbe:
(1) the lump sum payment payable at the time of retirement plus an oldage pension benefit equal to
the basic monthly pension payable monthly for life, starting upon expiration of the fiveyear (5)
guaranteedperiodcoveredbythelumpsum;or
(2) cash payment equivalent to 18 months of his basic monthly pension plus monthly pension for life
payableimmediatelywithnofiveyear(5)guarantee.
B.COMPULSORYRETIREMENTAGE.
Unless the service is extended by appropriate authorities, retirement shall be compulsory for an
employeeat65yearsofagewithatleast15yearsofservice:Provided,Thatifhehaslessthan15yearsofservice,
hemaybeallowedtocontinueintheserviceinaccordancewithexistingcivilservicerulesandregulations.
C.CONDITIONSFORENTITLEMENT.
Amemberwhoretiresfromtheserviceshallbeentitledtotheretirementbenefitsprovidedthat:
(1)hehasrenderedatleast15yearsofservice;
(2)heisatleast60yearsofageatthetimeofretirement;and
(3)heisnotreceivingamonthlypensionbenefitfrompermanenttotaldisability.
3.5.PERMANENTDISABILITYBENEFITS.
Thereare2kindsofpermanentdisabilitybenefitsundertheGSISLaw:
(1) Totalandpermanentdisability
(2) Permanentandpartialdisability
3.6.TOTALANDPERMANENTDISABILITYBENEFITS.
A.WHENDISABILITYCONSIDEREDTOTALANDPERMANENT.
Thefollowingdisabilitiesshallbedeemedtotalandpermanent:
(1)completelossofsightofbotheyes;
(2)lossoftwo(2)limbsatorabovetheankleorwrist;
(3)permanentcompleteparalysisoftwo(2)limbs;
(4)braininjuryresultinginincurableimbecilityorinsanity;and
(5)suchothercasesasmaybedeterminedbytheGSIS.
B.GENERALCONDITIONSFORENTITLEMENT.
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A member who suffers permanent disability for reasons not due to his grave misconduct, notorious
negligence,habitualintoxication,orwillfulintentiontokillhimselforanother,shallbeentitledtotheretirement
benefits.
C.PERMANENTTOTALDISABILITYBENEFITS.
If the permanent disability is total, he shall receive a monthly income benefit for life equal to the basic
monthlypensioneffectivefromthedateofdisabilityprovidedthat:
(1) heisintheserviceatthetimeofdisability;or
(2) ifseparatedfromtheservice,hehaspaidatleast36monthlycontributionswithinthe5yearperiod
immediatelyprecedinghisdisability,orhaspaidatotalofatleast180monthlycontributions,priorto
his disability:Provided, further, That ifat the time of disability,he was in the serviceandhaspaid a
total of at least 180 monthly contributions, in addition to the monthly income benefit, he shall
receive a cash payment equivalent to 18 times his basic monthly pension: Provided, finally, That a
member cannot enjoy the monthly income benefit for permanent disability and the oldage
retirementsimultaneously.
Ifamemberwhosufferspermanenttotaldisabilitydoesnotsatisfyconditions(1)and(2)above,buthas
renderedatleast3yearsserviceatthetimeofhisdisability,heshallbeadvancedthecashpaymentequivalentto
100% of his average monthly compensation for each year of service he paid contributions, but not less than
P12,000whichshouldhavebeenhisseparationbenefit.
Unlessthememberhasreachedtheminimumretirementage,disabilitybenefitshallbesuspendedwhen:
(1) heisreemployedor
(2) herecoversfromdisabilityasdeterminedbytheGSIS,whosedecisionshallbefinalandbinding;or
(3) hefailstopresenthimselfformedicalexaminationwhenrequiredbytheGSIS.
3.7.PERMANENTANDPARTIALDISABILITYBENEFITS.
A.WHENDISABILITYCONSIDEREDPERMANENTANDPARTIAL.
Thefollowingdisabilitiesshallbedeemedpermanentandpartial:
(1)completeandpermanentlossoftheuseof:
(i)anyfinger
(ii)anytoe
(iii)onearm
(iv)onehand
(v)onefoot
(vi)oneleg
(vii)oneorbothears
(viii)hearingofoneorbothears
(ix)sightofoneeye
(2)suchothercasesasmaybedeterminedbytheGSIS.
B.PERMANENTANDPARTIALDISABILITYBENEFITS.
Ifthedisabilityispartial,heshallreceiveacashpaymentinaccordancewithascheduleofdisabilitiesto
beprescribedbytheGSIS:Provided,Thathesatisfieseitherconditions(1)or(2)asfollows:
(1) heisintheserviceatthetimeofdisability;or
(2) ifseparatedfromtheservice,hehaspaidatleast36monthlycontributionswithinthe5yearperiod
immediatelyprecedinghisdisability,orhaspaidatotalofatleast180monthlycontributions,priorto
his disability:Provided, further, That ifat the time of disability,he was in the serviceand haspaid a
total of at least 180 monthly contributions, in addition to the monthly income benefit, he shall
receive a cash payment equivalent to 18 times his basic monthly pension: Provided, finally, That a
member cannot enjoy the monthly income benefit for permanent disability and the oldage
retirementsimultaneously.
3.8.TEMPORARYDISABILITYBENEFITS.
A.AMOUNTOFBENEFIT.
A member who suffers temporary total disability for reasons not due to any of the conditions
enumeratedinSection15oftheGSISLaw
1
shallbeentitledto75%ofhiscurrentdailycompensationforeachday
orfractionthereofoftemporarydisabilitybenefitnotexceeding120daysinonecalendaryearafterexhaustingall
hissickleavecreditsandcollectivebargainingagreementsickleavebenefits,ifany,butnotearlierthanthe4
th
day
ofhistemporarytotaldisabilityprovidedthatanyofthefollowingconditionsisnotattendant:
(1) heisintheserviceatthetimeofhisdisability;or
(2) ifseparated,hehasrenderedatleastthree(3)yearsofserviceandhaspaidatleastsix(6)monthly
contributionsinthetwelvemonthperiodimmediatelyprecedinghisdisability.
ThetemporarytotaldisabilitybenefitshallinnocasebelessthanP70.00aday.
1
Gravemisconduct, notoriousnegligence, habitual intoxication, or willful intentiontokill himself or another.
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B.PROHIBITION.
Amembercannotenjoythetemporarytotaldisabilitybenefitandsickleavepaysimultaneously.
C.EXTENSIONOFPAYMENTOFBENEFIT.
If the disability requires more extensive treatment that lasts beyond 120 days, the payment of the
temporarytotaldisabilitybenefitmaybeextendedbytheGSISbutnottoexceedatotalof240days.
3.9.NONSCHEDULEDDISABILITY.
For injuries or illnesses resulting in a disability not listed in the schedule of partial/total disability, as
provided in the GSIS Law, the GSIS shall determine the nature of the disability and the corresponding benefits
therefor.
3.10.SURVIVORSHIPBENEFITS.
A.COMPONENTSOFTHESURVIVORSHIPBENEFITS.
UnderSection20oftheGSISLaw,whenamemberorpensionerdies,thebeneficiariesshallbeentitledto
survivorship benefits provided in Sections 21 (Death of a Member) and 22 (Death of a Pensioner) hereunder
subjecttotheconditionsthereinprovidedfor.Thesurvivorshippensionshallconsistof:
(1) thebasicsurvivorshippensionwhichis50%ofthebasicmonthlypension;and
(2) thedependentchildren'spensionnotexceeding50%ofthebasicmonthlypension.
B.DEATHOFAMEMBER.
Under Section 21 of the GSIS Law, upon the death of a member, the primary beneficiaries shall be
entitledto:
(1)survivorshippension:Provided,Thatthedeceased:
(i)wasintheserviceatthetimeofhisdeath;or
(ii)ifseparatedfromtheservice,hasatleast3yearsofserviceatthetimeofhisdeathandhaspaid36
monthly contributions within the 5year period immediately preceding his death; or has paid a
totalofatleast180monthlycontributionspriortohisdeath;or
(2) the survivorship pension plus a cash payment equivalent to 100% of his average monthly
compensationforeveryyearofservice:Provided,Thatthedeceasedwasintheserviceatthetimeof
hisdeathwithatleast3yearsofservice;or
(3) acashpaymentequivalentto100%ofhisaveragemonthlycompensationforeachyearofservicehe
paidcontributions,butnotlessthanP12,000.00:Provided,Thatthedeceasedhasrenderedatleast3
yearsofservicepriortohisdeathbutdoesnotqualifyforthebenefitsundertheitem(1)or(2)above
ofthisparagraph.
UnderParagraph(b)ofSection21,thesurvivorshippensionshallbepaidasfollows:
(1) whenthedependentspouseistheonlysurvivor,he/sheshallreceivethebasicsurvivorshippension
forlifeoruntilhe/sheremarries;
(2) when only dependent children are the survivors, they shall be entitled to the basic survivorship
pensionforaslongastheyarequalified,plusthedependentchildren'spensionequivalentto10%of
the basic monthly pension for every dependent child not exceeding five (5), counted from the
youngestandwithoutsubstitution;
(3) when the survivors are the dependent spouse and the dependent children, the dependent spouse
shall receive the basic survivorship pension for life or until he/she remarries, and the dependent
children shall receive the dependent children's pension mentioned in the immediately preceding
paragraph(2)hereof.
Intheabsenceofprimarybeneficiaries,thesecondarybeneficiariesshallbeentitledto:
(1) thecashpaymentequivalentto100%ofhisaveragemonthlycompensationforeachyearofservice
hepaidcontributions,butnotlessthanP12,000:Provided,Thatthememberisintheserviceat the
timeofhisdeathandhasatleast3yearsofservice;or
(2) intheabsenceofsecondarybeneficiaries,thebenefitsunderthisparagraphshallbepaidtohislegal
heirs.
Forpurposesofthesurvivorshipbenefits,legitimatechildrenshallincludelegallyadoptedandlegitimate
children.
B.DEATHOFAPENSIONER.
Under Section 22 of the GSIS Law, upon the death of an oldage pensioner or a member receiving the
monthly income benefit for permanent disability, the qualified beneficiaries shall be entitled to the survivorship
pensiondefinedinSection20oftheGSISLaw(Seeabove),subjecttotheprovisionsofparagraph(b)ofSection21
hereof(Seeabove).Whenthepensionerdieswithintheperiodcoveredbythelumpsum,thesurvivorshippension
shallbepaidonlyaftertheexpirationofthesaidperiod.

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3.11.FUNERALBENEFITS.
TheamountoffuneralbenefitshallbedeterminedandspecifiedbytheGSISintherulesandregulations
butshallnotbelessthanP12,000.00:Provided,ThatitshallbeincreasedtoatleastP18,000.00afterfive(5)years
andshallbepaiduponthedeathof:
(a) anactivememberasdefinedunderSection2(e)ofthisAct;or
(b) a member who has been separated from the service, but who may be entitled to future benefit
pursuanttoSection4ofthisAct;or
(c) apensioner,asdefinedinSection2(o)ofthisAct;or
(d) aretireewhoatthetimeofhisretirementwasofpensionableageunderthisActbutwhooptedto
retireunderRepublicActNo.1616.
3.12.LIFEINSURANCEBENEFITS.

A.COMPULSORYLIFEINSURANCE.
All employees except for Members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine
NationalPolice(PNP)shall,undersuchtermsandconditionsasmaybepromulgatedbytheGSIS,becompulsorily
coveredwithlifeinsurance,whichshallautomaticallytakeeffectasfollows:
(1) forthoseemployedaftertheeffectivityoftheGSISLaw,theirinsuranceshalltakeeffectonthedate
oftheiremployment;
(2) for those whose insurance will mature after the effectivity of the GSIS Law, their insurance shall be
deemedrenewedonthedayfollowingthematurityorexpirydateoftheirinsurance;
(3) for those without any life insurance as of the effectivity of the GSIS Law, their insurance shall take
effectfollowingsaideffectivity.
Dividends.AnannualdividendmaybegrantedtoallmembersoftheGSISwhoselifeinsuranceisinforce
foratleast1yearinaccordancewithadividendallocationformulatobedeterminedbytheGSIS.
B.OPTIONALINSURANCE.
Subject to the rules and regulations prescribed by the GSIS, a member may apply for insurance and/or
preneedcoverageembracinglife,health,hospitalization,education,memorialplans,andsuchotherplansasmay
bedesignedbytheGSIS,forhimselfand/orhisdependents.Anyemployermaylikewiseapplyforgroupinsurance
coverage for its employees. The payment of the premiums/installments for optional insurance and preneed
productsmaybemadebytheinsuredorhisemployerand/oranypersonacceptabletotheGSIS.
4.BENEFICIARIES.
a.Dependents.
Dependentsshallbethefollowing:
(a) thelegitimatespousedependentforsupportuponthememberorpensioner;
(b) the legitimate, legitimated, legally adopted child, including the illegitimate child, who is unmarried,
notgainfullyemployed,notovertheageofmajority,orisovertheageofmajoritybutincapacitated
andincapableofselfsupportduetoamentalorphysicaldefectacquiredpriortoageofmajority;and
(c) theparentsdependentuponthememberforsupport.
GainfulOccupationAnyproductiveactivitythatprovidedthememberwithincomeatleastequaltothe
minimumcompensationofgovernmentemployees.
b.Beneficiaries.
Thereare2kindsofbeneficiariesundertheGSISLawasfollows:
1. Primary beneficiaries The legal dependent spouse until he/she remarries and the dependent
children.
2. Secondary beneficiaries The dependent parents and, subject to the restrictions on dependent
children,thelegitimatedescendants.
================================
3. Limited Portability Law (RA 7699)
================================

[R.A. No.7699 [AnActInstitutingLimited Portability Scheme intheSocialSecurity InsuranceSystembyTotalizingthe
WorkersCreditableServicesorContributionsinEachoftheSystems]approvedonMay1,1994.]
1.LIMITEDPORTABILITYSCHEMETOTALIZINGTHEWORKERSCREDITABLESERVICESORCONTRIBUTIONSTOBOTH
SSSANDGSIS.
a.Declaredpolicyistoestablishaunitarysocialsecuritysystem.
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It is the declared policy of the State to institute a scheme for totalization and portability of social security
benefitswiththeviewofestablishingwithinareasonableperiod,aunitarysocialsecuritysystem.
2
b.Totalization,defined.
The term totalization refers to the process of adding up the periods of creditable services or contributions
undereachoftheSystems,forthepurposeofeligibilityandcomputationofbenefits.
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c.Portability,defined.
Ontheotherhand,thetermportabilityreferstothetransferoffundsfortheaccountandbenefitofaworker
whotransfersfromonesystemtotheother.
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d.Applicabilityoflimitedportabilityscheme.
ThebenefitsprovidedunderR.A.No.7699applytoactiveorinactivemembersofeitherSystem(GSIS/SSS)as
ofthedateofitseffectivityonMay20,1994.
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e.Coverage.
R.A. No. 7699 and its implementing rules apply to all workermembers of the GSIS and/or SSS who transfer
fromthepublicsectortotheprivatesectororviceversa,orwhowishtoretaintheirmembershipinbothSystems.
6
f.CreditabilityandtotalizationofcontributionsandbenefitsinSSSandGSIS.
Under Section 3 of R.A. No. 7699, it is enunciated that provisions of any general or special law or rules and
regulationstothecontrarynotwithstanding,acoveredworkerwhotransfersemploymentfromonesectortoanother(i.
e.,fromprivatesectortopublicsector,orviceversa),orisemployedinbothsectors,shallhavehiscreditableservicesor
contributionsinbothSystems(GSISandSSS)creditedtohisserviceorcontributionrecordineachoftheSystemsand
shallbetotalizedforpurposesofoldage,disability,survivorshipandotherbenefitsincasethecoveredmemberdoes
notqualifyforsuchbenefitsineitherorbothSystemswithouttotalizationprovided,however,thatoverlappingperiodsof
membershipshallbecreditedonlyonceforpurposesoftotalization.

g.Limitedportabilityoffunds.
Theprocessesinvolvedinthepromptpaymentofmoneybenefitstoeligiblemembersisthejointresponsibility
oftheGSISandSSS.(Section1,RuleIV,RulesandRegulationsImplementingR.A.No.7699).
TheSystemorSystemsresponsibleforthepaymentofmoneybenefitsdueacoveredworkershallreleasethe
samewithinfifteen(15)workingdaysfromreceiptoftheclaim,subjecttothesubmissionoftherequireddocuments
andavailabilityofcompleteemployee/employerrecordsintheSystemorSystems.
7
h.Totalizationofcontributionsandbenefits;howprocessed.
1.Contributions.
AllcontributionspaidbysuchmemberpersonallyandthosethatwerepaidbyhisemployerstobothSystems
(GSIS and SSS) shall be considered in the processing of benefits which he can claim from either or both Systems,
provided, however, that the amount of benefits to be paid by one System shall be in proportion to the number of
contributionsactuallyremittedtothatSystem.
8
ThetermcontributionsreferstothecontributionspaidbytheemployeeorworkertoeithertheGSISorthe
SSSonaccountoftheworkersmembership.
9
2.Creditableservicesorperiodsofcontributions.
All creditable services or periods of contributions made continuously or in the aggregate of a worker under
eitherofthesectorsshallbeaddedupandconsideredforpurposesofeligibilityandcomputationofbenefits.(Section1,
RuleV,RulesandRegulationsImplementingRepublicActNo.7699).
Thetermcreditableservicesinsofarasthepublicsectorisconcerned,referstothefollowing:
1. All previous services rendered by an official/employee pursuant to an appointment, whether permanent,
provisionalortemporary;
2. All previous services rendered by an official/employee pursuant to a dulyapproved appointment to a
positionintheCivilServicewithcompensationorsalary;
3. Theperiodduringwhichanofficialoremployeewasonauthorizedsickleaveofabsencewithoutpaynot
exceedingone(1)year;
4.Theperiodduringwhichanofficialoremployeewasoutoftheserviceasaresultofillegalterminationofhis
servicesasfinallydecidedbytheproperauthorities;and
5.Allpreviousserviceswithcompensationorsalaryrenderedbyelectiveofficials.
10
Thetermperiodsofcontributionsfortheprivatesectorreferstotheperiodsduringwhichapersonrenders
services for an employer with compensation or salary, and during which contributions were paid to the SSS. A self
employedpersonisconsideredanemployeeandemployeratthesametime.
11
2
Section1, R.A. No. 7699.
3
Section2, R.A. No. 7699; Section1[e], RuleIII, RulesandRegulationsImplementingR.A. No. 7699.
4
Section2, Ibid.; Section1[b], RuleIII, Ibid..
5
Section1, RuleVII, RulesandRegulationsImplementingRepublicAct No. 7699.
6
Section1, RuleI, Ibid..
7
Section2, RuleIV, Ibid..
8
Section4, R.A. No. 7699.
9
Section2, RepublicAct No. 7699; Section1[a], RuleIII, RulesandRegulationsImplementingR.A. No. 7699.
10
Section1[f], RuleIII, Ibid..
11
Section1[g], RuleIII, Ibid..
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The term eligibility means that the worker has satisfied the requirements for entitlement to the benefits
providedforunderR.A.No.7699.
12
3.Benefits.
Allservicesrenderedorcontributionspaidbyamemberpersonallyandthosethatwerepaidbytheemployers
toeitherSystemshallbeconsideredinthecomputationofbenefitswhichmaybeclaimedfromeitherorbothSystems.
However,theamountofbenefitstobepaidbyoneSystemshallbeinproportiontotheservicesrenderedorperiodsof
contributionsmadetothatSystem.
13
Under Section 1 [j], Rule III of the Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 7699, benefits refer to the
following:
1.Oldagebenefit;
2.Disabilitybenefit;
3.Survivorshipbenefit;
4.Sicknessbenefit;
5. Medicarebenefit,providedthatthe member shall claim saidbenefitfromthe System wherehe was
lastamember;and
6. SuchotherbenefitscommontobothSystemsthatmaybeavailedofthroughtotalization.
i.Totalization;whenapplicable.
Totalizationappliesinthefollowinginstances:
a.ifaworkerisnotqualifiedforanybenefitsfrombothSystems;or
b.ifaworkerinthepublicsectorisnotqualifiedforanybenefitsfromtheGSIS;or
c.ifaworkerintheprivatesectorisnotqualifiedforanybenefitsfromtheSSS.
Forpurposesofcomputationofbenefits,totalizationappliesinallcasessothatthecontributionsmadebythe
workermemberinbothSystemsshallprovidemaximumbenefitswhichotherwisewillnotbeavailable.Innocaseshall
thecontributionbelostorforfeited.
14
Gamogamov.PNOCShippingandTransportCorp.,[G.R.No.141707,May7,2002]
Following the concept of totalization, the High Court in this case pronounced that obviously, totalization of
servicecreditsisonlyresortedtowhentheretireedoesnotqualifyforbenefitsineitherorbothoftheSystems.Incase
theemployeeisqualifiedtoreceivebenefitsgrantedbytheGSISortheSSS,asthecasemaybe,hecannotavailofthe
benefitsunderR.A.No.7699.
j.Effectifworkerisnotqualifiedaftertotalization.
If after totalization, the workermember still does not qualify for any benefit listed in Rule III, Section 1 [j]
[supra] of the Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 7699, the member will then get whatever benefits
correspondtohis/hercontributionsineitherorbothSystems.
15
k.EffectifworkerqualifiesforbenefitsinbothSystems.
IfaworkerqualifiesforbenefitsinbothSystems,totalizationshallnotapply.
16

l.Processesoftotalization;jointresponsibilityofGSISandSSS.
The processes of totalization of creditable services or periods of contributions and computation of benefits
providedunderR.A.No.7699arethejointresponsibilityoftheGSISandtheSSS.
17
m.Effectofoverlappingperiodsofcreditableservices.
Overlapping periods of creditable services or contributions in both Systems shall be credited only once for
purposesoftotalization.
18
Overlapping of periods refers to the periods during which a worker simultaneously contributes to both
Systems.
19
================================
4. Employees Compensation
Coverage and when compensable
================================
Relevant legal provisions : Articles 166 to 208-A, Title II, Book IV of the Labor Code.

1.BACKGROUNDONTHESTATEINSURANCEFUND[SIF].
a.SIFcreatedfromcontributionsofemployers.
12
Section1[h], RuleIII, Ibid..
13
Section2, RuleV, Ibid..
14
Section3, RuleV, RulesandRegulationsImplementingR.A. No. 7699
15
Section4, RuleV, RulesandRegulationsImplementingR.A. No. 7699.
16
17
18
19
Section1[i], RuleIII, Ibid..
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The State Insurance Fund (SIF) is built up by the contributions of employers based on the salaries of their
employeesasprovidedundertheLaborCode.
b.Two(2)separateSIFs.
Therearetwo(2)separateanddistinctStateInsuranceFunds:oneestablishedundertheSSSforprivatesector
employees;andtheother,undertheGSISforpublicsectoremployees.ThemanagementandinvestmentoftheFunds
are done separately and distinctly by the SSS and the GSIS. It is used exclusively for payment of the employees
compensationbenefitsandnoamountthereofisauthorizedtobeusedforanyotherpurpose.
20
c.Three(3)agenciesinvolvedintheimplementationoftheECP.
There are three (3) agencies involved in the implementation of the Employees Compensation Program
(ECP). These are: The Employees Compensation Commission (ECC) which is mandated to initiate, rationalize and
coordinatepoliciesoftheECPandtoreviewappealedcasesfromtheGovernmentServiceInsuranceSystem(GSIS)and
theSocialSecuritySystem(SSS),theadministeringagenciesoftheECP.
d.RoleoftheGSISandSSS.
AsadministeringagenciesoftheECP,bothGSISandSSSaretaskedto:
1. Evaluateallemployeescompensation(EC)claimsfiledwithinagivenperiodandpaythecorrespondingEC
benefits;
2. CollectECpremiumsremittedbyemployers;and
3. ManagetheStateInsuranceFund.
BoththeGSISandtheSSSinvestthefundsinprofitableventurestogenerateearningswhichwillformpartof
theStateInsuranceFund(SIF)fromwhichpaymentsforemployeescompensationclaimsaresourced.
e.RoleoftheECC.
Thelawappliesthesocialsecurityprincipleinthehandlingofworkmenscompensation.Towardsthisend,the
EmployeesCompensationCommission(ECC)administersandsettlesclaimsfromafundunderitsexclusivecontrol.The
employerdoesnotinterveneinthecompensationprocessandithasnocontrol,asinthepast,overpaymentofbenefits.
The openended Table of Occupational Diseases requiresno proof of causation.A covered claimant suffering from an
occupationaldiseaseisautomaticallypaidbenefits.
f.Roleoftheemployer.
Onthepartoftheemployer,itsdutyisonlytopaytheregularmonthlypremiumstotheSystem(GSIS/SSS).It
doesnotlookforinsurancecompaniestomeetsuddendemandsforcompensationpaymentsorsetupitsownfundsto
meetthosecontingencies.Itdoesnothavetodefenditselffromspuriouslydocumentedorlongpastclaims.
g.Roleoftheemployee.
The injured worker does not have to litigate his right to compensation. There is no notice of injury nor
requirementofcontroversion.ThesickworkerissimplyrequiredtofileaclaimwiththeECCwhichdetermines,onthe
basis of the employees supporting papers and medical evidence, whether or not compensation should be paid. The
paymentofbenefitsismorepromptadthecostofadministrationislow.
Theemployernolongeropposesorfightsaclaimforcompensationbytheemployee.Resultantly,thelopsided
situationofanemployeragainstoneemployeeisabsent.
21
2.SCOPEOFCOVERAGEOFTHEECP.

a.Generalcoverage.
ThefollowingshallbecoveredbytheEmployeesCompensationProgram(ECP):
1.Allemployers;
2.Everyemployeenotoversixty(60)yearsofage;
3. Anemployeeover60yearsofagewhohadbeenpayingcontributionstotheSystem(GSIS/SSS)priortoage
sixty(60)andhasnotbeencompulsorilyretired;and
4. Any employee who is coverable by both the GSIS and SSS and should be compulsorily covered by both
Systems.
22
b.SectorsofemployeescoveredbytheECP.
ThefollowingsectorsarecoveredundertheECP:
1.All public sector employees including those of governmentowned and/or controlled corporations and
localgovernmentunitscoveredbytheGSIS;
2.AllemployeesintheprivatesectorcoveredbytheSSS;and
3.OverseasFilipinoworkers(OFWs),namely:
a. FilipinoseafarerscompulsorilycoveredundertheSSS.
b. Landbased contract workers provided that their employer, natural or juridical, is engaged in any
trade,industryorbusinessundertakinginthePhilippines;otherwise,theyshallnotbecoveredbythe
ECP.
20
Article179, asamendedbySection4, P.D. No. 1368.
21
Sarmientov. ECC, G.R. No. L-65680, May11, 1988, 161SCRA312.
22
Article168, Ibid.; Section2, RuleI, Ibid..
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c.StartofcoverageofemployeesundertheECP.
The coverage under the ECP of employees in the private and public sectors starts on the first day of their
employment.
c.Natureofcoverage.
Thecoverageiscompulsoryinnature.
23
3.EMPLOYEESCOMPENSATIONBENEFITS.
ThefollowingarethebenefitsprovidedundertheLaborCode:
a.MedicalBenefits
24
b.DisabilityBenefits
25
1.Temporarytotaldisability
26
2.Permanenttotaldisability
27
3.Permanentpartialdisability
28
c.DeathBenefit
29
d.FuneralBenefit
30

3.1.MEDICALBENEFITS.
a.Conditionsforentitlementtomedicalservices,appliancesandsupplies.
Anyemployeeisentitledtosuchmedicalservices,appliancesandsuppliesasthenatureofhisdisabilityandthe
progressofhisrecoverymayrequire,subjecttotheexpenselimitationascontainedinAnnexCoftheAmendedRules
onEmployeesCompensation,ifallofthefollowingconditionsaresatisfied:
1.HehasbeendulyreportedtotheSystem(GSIS/SSS);
2.Hesustainsaninjuryorcontractssickness;and
3.TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedoftheinjuryorsickness.
31
b.Periodofentitlement.
Themedicalservices,appliancesandsuppliesarerequiredtobeprovidedtotheafflictedemployeebeginning
onthefirstdayofinjuryorsickness,duringthesubsequentperiodofhisdisability,andastheprogressofhisrecovery
mayrequire.
32
TheobligationoftheSIFtoprovidemedicalservicesshallcontinueforaslongastheemployeeissick.Thisduty
isnotendedevenifemploymentwasterminated.
33
c.Extentofservices.
The employee is entitled to the benefits only for the ward services of an accredited hospital and accredited
physician.However,iftheemployeechoosesaccommodationsbetterthanwardservices,theexcessofthetotalamount
ofexpensesincurredoverthebenefitsprovidedunderAnnexCoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensation
(infra),shallbebornebytheemployee.
34
Thehospitalshallprovideallthemedicines,drugsorsuppliesnecessaryforthetreatmentoftheemployeeata
costnotexceedingtheretailpricesprevailinginlocaldrugstores.
35
Payments shall be made directly to the providers of such services in such amount as are prevailing in the
communityforsimilarservicesorprovidedundertheschedulesetforthinsaidAnnexC,whicheverisless.
36
Therightoftheemployeetoseekreimbursementformedicalexpensesdoesnotonlypertaintothoseincurred
fortheprincipalorprimaryailmentbutextendstothoseincurredforcomplicationsarisingtherefromevenifthesame
occurredaftertheemployeehadalreadyretired.
d.Lossofwagesorearningcapacitynotrequired.
ItisworthytonotethatArticle185doesnotimposeasaprerequisiteforthegrantofmedicalbenefits,that
the injured orsick employeeshould showproof thathe suffered loss of wagesorearning capacity as aresultofsuch
injuryorsickness.Thelawisclearthattheinjuredorsickemployeeisimmediatelyentitledtobeprovidedduringthe
subsequentperiodofhisdisability,withsuchmedicalservicesandappliancesasthenatureofhissicknessorinjuryand
progressofhisrecoverymayrequire.
37
3.2.TEMPORARYTOTALDISABILITY.
a.Totaldisability,whentemporary.
23
Article168, LaborCode; SeealsoSection1, RuleI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
24
Articles185to190, Chapter V, TitleII, BookIV, Labor Code
25
Articles191to193, Chapter VI, TitleII, BookIV, Labor Code
26
Article191, Labor Code.
27
28
29
Article194, Chapter VII, TitleII, BookIV, Labor Code.
30
Section1, RuleXIV, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
31
Section1, RuleVIII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
32
Section2, RuleVIII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
33
Itogon-SuyocMines, Inc. v. Dulay, G.R. No. L-18974, Sept. 30, 1963.
34
Section3[a], RuleVIII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
35
Section3[b], RuleVIII, Ibid..
36
Section3[c], RuleVIII, Ibid..
37
Article185, LaborCode; Coralesv. ECC, G.R. No. L-44063, Feb. 27, 1979, 88SCRA547.
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A total disability is temporary if, as a result of the injury or sickness, the employee is unable to perform any
gainfuloccupationforacontinuousperiodofnotexceeding120days,exceptwhensuchdisabilitystillrequiresmedical
attendancebeyond120days,butnottoexceed240days.
38
Ifthedisabilityistheresultofaninjuryorsickness,theperiodofcompensabilityshallbecountedfromthefirst
dayofsuchinjuryorsickness.
An employeewho later hadto stop working dueto acompensable illness is also entitled totemporary total
disabilitybenefits.
39
b.Conditionstoentitlementincaseoftemporarytotaldisability.
An employee shall be entitled to an income benefit for temporary total disability if all of the following
conditionsaresatisfied:
2.Hesustainsthetemporarytotaldisabilityasaresultoftheinjuryorsickness;and
3.TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedoftheinjuryorsicknesswhichcausedhisdisability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such illness or injury occurred before the employee is duly
reportedforcoveragetotheSystem(GSIS/SSS).
40
c.Whentocommencepaymentofbenefits.
Theincomebenefitinthecaseoftemporarytotaldisabilityshouldbepaidbeginningonthefirstdayofsuch
disability.Ifcausedbyaninjuryorsickness,itshouldnotbepaidlongerthan120consecutivedaysexceptwheresuch
injury or sickness still requires medical attention beyond 120 days but not to exceed 240 days from the onset of the
disability,inwhichcase,benefitfortemporarytotaldisabilityshallbepaid.However,theSystem(GSIS/SSS)maydeclare
thetotalandpermanentstatusatanytimeafter120daysofcontinuoustemporarytotaldisabilityasmaybewarranted
bythedegreeofactuallossorimpairmentofphysicalormentalfunctionsasdeterminedbytheSystem(GSIS/SSS).
41
d.Cashpaymentoftemporarytotaldisabilitybenefit.
Temporarytotaldisabilityresultingfromtheinjuryorsicknessiscompensablebycashpaymentsandnotthe
injuryorsicknessitself.
42
e.Incomebenefitfortemporarytotaldisability.
Anyemployeeentitledtothebenefitfortemporarytotaldisabilityshallbepaidanincomebenefitequivalent
to ninety percent (90%) of his average daily salary credit as determined by the System (GSIS/SSS), subject to the
followingconditions:
1. TheincomebenefitshallnotbemorethanP200.00perdayforprivatesectorworkersandP90.00perday
forpublicsectoremployeesandshallnotbepaidlongerthan120daysforthesamedisabilityunlessthe
injury or sickness requires more extensive treatment that lasts beyond 120 days but not to exceed 240
daysfromtheonsetofthedisability,inwhichcase,heshallbepaidbenefitfortemporarytotaldisability
duringtheextendedperiod.
2. Themonthlyincomebenefitshallbesuspendediftheemployeefailstosubmitamonthlymedicalreport
certified by his attending physician as required under Section 5 of Rule IV of the Amended Rules on
EmployeesCompensation.[SeeECCResolutionNo.3682datedJuly21,1987].
43
SaidSection5ofRuleIV of the AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation requires that an employee

enjoyingtemporarytotaldisabilitybenefitsshallsubmittotheSystem(GSIS/SSS)amonthlymedicalreport
on his disability certified by his attending physician; otherwise, his benefit shall be suspended until such
timethathecomplieswiththisrequirement.Further,hemustalsosubmithimselfforexaminationupon
beingnotifiedbytheSystem(GSIS/SSS),atleastonceayear.
3.3.PERMANENTTOTALDISABILITY.
a.Permanentdisability,defined.
Permanent disability is the inability of a worker to perform his job for more than 120 days, regardless of
whetherornothelosestheuseofanypartofhisbody.
44
b.Totaldisability,defined.
Total disability, on the other hand, means disablement of an employee to earn wages in the same kind of
work,orworkofasimilarnaturethathewastrainedfor,oraccustomedtoperform,oranykindofworkwhichaperson
ofhismentalityandattainmentcoulddo.
45
Total disability is lack of ability to follow continuously some substantial gainful occupation without serious
discomfortorpainandwithoutmaterialinjurytohealthanddangertolife.
46
38
Article191, LaborCode; Section2[a], RuleVII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
39
Fedillov. WCC, G.R. No. L-43642, Jan. 17, 1985, 134SCRA56.
40
Section1, RuleX, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
41
Section2[a], RuleX, Ibid..
42
Section3, RuleVII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
43
Section3, RuleX, Ibid..
44
Crystal Shipping, Inc. v. Natividad, G.R. No. 154798, October20, 2005; GSISv. Cadiz, G.R. No. 154093, July8, 2003, 405SCRA450, 454; Ijaresv. CA, G.R. No. 105854, Aug. 26, 1999, 313SCRA141, 149-150.
45
GSISv. Cadiz, G.R. No. 154093, July8, 2003; TransmarineCarriers, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 123891, February28, 2001, 353SCRA47; GSISv. CA, G.R. No. 132648, March4, 1999, 363Phil. 585, 592.
46
Malimatav. ECC, G.R. No. 91777, Feb. 19, 1991, 194SCRA264; Medinav. ECC, G.R. No. L-62406, March22, 1986.
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Total disability does not mean a state of absolute helplessness. A total disability does not require that the
employee be absolutely disabled or totally paralyzed. What is necessary is that the injury must be such that the
employeecannotpursuehisusualworkandearntherefrom.
47
c.Disability,whentotalandpermanent.
Adisabilityistotalandpermanentif,asaresultoftheinjuryorsickness,theemployeeisunabletoperformany
gainfuloccupationforacontinuousperiodexceeding120days.
48
Moreover,thefactthatthepermanentlyandtotallydisabledemployeecontinuestoworkaftersuchdisability
doesnotdeprivehimofthebenefitsprovidedunderthelaw.(Makabaliv.ECC,G.R.No.L51533,Nov.29,1983).
For what is important consideration is the inability to do substantially all material acts necessary for the
prosecutionofagainfuloccupationwithoutseriousdiscomfortorpainandwithoutmaterialinjuryordangertolife.In
disabilitycompensation,itisnottheinjurypersewhichiscompensatedbuttheincapacitytowork.
49
Disabilityisintimatelyrelatedtoonesearningcapacity.Thetesttodetermineitsgravityistheimpairmentor
lossofonescapacitytoearnandnotitsmeremedicalsignificance.
SeagullMaritimeCorp.v.Dee,[G.R.No.165156,April2,2007]
Itwasheldinthiscasethatalthoughprivaterespondentsinjurywasundeniablyconfinedtohisleftfootonly,
however, the inescapable impact of private respondents injury on his capacity to work as a seaman cannot be
disregarded. In their desire to escape liability from private respondents rightful claim, petitioners denigrated the fact
thatevenifprivaterespondentinsistsoncontinuingtoworkasaseaman,noprofitmindedemployerwillhirehim.His
injuryerasedallthesepossibilities.
GSISv.Cadiz,[G.R.No.154093,July8,2003]
Itwasdeclaredinthiscasethatthefactthattheemployeedidnotlosetheuseofanypartofhisbodydoesnot
justifythedenialofhisclaimforpermanenttotaldisability.
GSISv.CA,[G.R.No.132648,March4,1999,363Phil.585,592]
TheHighCourtheldherethatwhilepermanenttotaldisabilityinvariablyresultsinanemployeeslossofwork
or inability to perform his usual work, permanent partial disability occurs when an employee loses the use of any
particularanatomicalpartofhisbodywhichdisableshimtocontinuewithhisformerwork.Statedotherwise,thetestof
whether or not an employee suffers from permanent total disability is the capacity of the employee to continue
performinghisworknotwithstandingthedisabilityheincurred.Ifbyreasonoftheinjuryorsicknesshesustained,the
employeeisunabletoperformhiscustomaryjobformorethan120daysandhedoesnotcomewithinthecoverageof
RuleXoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensation(which,inamoredetailedmanner,describeswhatconstitutes
temporarytotaldisability),thenthesaidemployeeundoubtedlysuffersfromapermanenttotaldisabilityregardlessof
whetherornothelosestheuseofanypartofhisbody.Permanenttotaldisabilitydoesnotmeanastateofabsolute
helplessness,butmeansdisablementofanemployeetoearnwagesinthesamekindofwork,orworkofsimilarnature
thathewastrainedfor,oranyworkwhichapersonofsimilarmentalityandattainmentcoulddo.
d.Totaldisabilitiesconsideredpermanent.
The following total disabilities are considered permanent:
1. Temporary total disability lasting continuously for more than 120 days and prevents an employee from
pursuinghisusualworkandearningtherefrom.
50
2. Completelossofsightofbotheyes;
3. Lossoftwolimbsatorabovetheanklesorwrists;
4. Permanentandcompleteparalysisoftwolimbs;
5. Braininjuryresultinginincurableimbecilityorinsanity;and
6. SuchcasesasdeterminedbytheSystem(GSIS/SSS)andapprovedbytheECC.
51
Palisocv.EaswaysMarine,Inc.,[G.R.No.152273,September11,2007]
The petitioner here was unable to perform his job for more than 120 days from the time of his repatriation
which entitles him to permanent disability benefits.Thus, even in the absence of an official finding by a company
designatedphysicianthatpetitionerisunfitforseaduty,heisdeemedtohavesufferedpermanentdisabilitybecauseof
hisinabilitytoworkformorethan120days.TheCourtofAppealserredinrulingthatpetitionersoperationinvolving
the removal of his gallbladder is not a compensable injury, disease, or illness under Appendix 1 of the POEASEC.
Permanentdisabilityreferstotheinabilityofaworkertoperformhisjobformorethan120days,regardlessofwhether
helosestheuseofanypartofhisbody.Whatdeterminespetitionersentitlementtopermanentdisabilitybenefitsishis
inabilitytoworkformorethan120days.
e.Litmustestanddistinctionbetweenpermanenttotaldisabilityandpermanentpartialdisability.
InVicentev.ECC,
[G.R.No.85024,January23,1991,193SCRA190],theSupremeCourtlaiddownthelitmus
testanddistinctionbetweenPermanentTotalDisabilityandPermanentPartialDisability,towit:
[W]hile permanent total disability invariably results in an employees loss of work or
inabilitytoperformhisusualwork,permanentpartialdisability,ontheotherhand,occurswhenan
47
Austriav. CA, G.R. No. 146636, Aug. 12, 2002, 387SCRA216, 221, citingGonzagav. ECC, No. L-62287, Jan. 31, 1984, 127SCRA443.
48
Section2[b], RuleVII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation; Diopenesv. GSIS, G.R. No. 96844, Jan. 23, 1992, 205SCRA331; Aquinov. ECC, G.R. No. 89558, Aug. 22, 1991, 201SCRA84; Vicentev. ECC, G.R. No. 85024, Jan. 23, 1991.
49
Bejeranov. ECC, G.R. No. 84777, Jan. 30, 1992, 205SCRA598; Crystal Shipping, Inc. v. Natividad, G.R. No. 154798, October20, 2005.
50
Section1[b], RuleXI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation; Diopenesv. GSIS, G.R. No. 96844, Jan. 23, 1992, 205SCRA331;; Palisocv. EaswaysMarine, Inc., infra.
51
Section1[b], RuleXI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
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employeelosestheuseofanyparticularanatomicalpartofhisbodywhichdisableshimtocontinue
with his former work. Stated otherwise, the test of whether or not an employee suffers from
permanenttotaldisabilityisashowingofthecapacityoftheemployeetocontinueperforminghis
work notwithstanding the disability he incurred. Thus, if by reason of the injury or sickness he
sustained,theemployeeisunabletoperformhiscustomaryjobformorethan120daysandhedoes
notcomewithinthecoverageofRuleXoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensability(which,
in a more detailed manner, describes what constitutes temporary total disability), then the said
employeeundoubtedlysuffersfrompermanenttotaldisabilityregardlessofwhetherornotheloses
theuseofanypartofhisbody.(SeealsoSocialSecurityCommission,v.CA,G.R.No.152058,Sept.
27,2004;Ijaresv.CourtofAppeals,G.R.No.105854,Aug.26,1999,313SCRA141).
f. Requisites for entitlement to income benefit for permanent total disability.

An employee is entitled to an income benefit for permanent total disability if all of the following conditions are
satisfied:
1. He has been duly reported to the System(GSIS/SSS);
2. Hesustainsthepermanenttotaldisabilityasaresultoftheinjuryorsickness;and
3. TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedoftheinjuryorsicknesswhichcausedhisdisability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such injury or sickness occurred before the employee is duly
52
g.ECCBoardResolutionNo.98090563[September25,1998].
ECCBoardResolutionNo.98090563issuedonSeptember25,1998,enunciatedthefollowingconditionsthat
should be taken into account in considering disability as permanent, in addition to the existing rules and regulations
relative to permanent total disability, and in consonance with the Supreme Courts pronouncement on liberal
constructionindisabilityclaimscases:
1.Ifthedisabilityresultstodisablementofanemployeeorworkertoearnwagesinthesamekindofwork,or
workofsimilarnaturethathe/hewastrainedfor;
2.Ifthedisabilityresultstodisablementofanemployeeorworkertoearnwagesinanykindofworkwhicha
personofhismentalityandattainmentcoulddo;
3.If the disability results to the inability of an employee or worker to do substantially all material acts
necessary to the prosecution of an occupation for remuneration or profit in substantially customary and
usualmanner;
4. If the disability results to the lack of ability of an employee or worker to follow continuously the same
substantialgainfuloccupationwithoutseriousdiscomfortorpainandwithoutinjuryordangertolife;
5. If an employee or worker is compelled to retire or cease from employment before reaching the age of
compulsoryretirementbyreasonofworkrelatedcontingency;
6. If, after retirement,an employee or worker dies withina reasonableperiod oftime,andthecause ofhis
death is the disability ailment or injury, in which event, his disability shall be considered permanent and
total;
7.If the temporary and total disability shall last continuously for more than 120 days, except as otherwise
providedinRuleXoftheexistingimplementingrulesandregulationsofP.D.No.626,asamended.
Garciav.CompensationAppealsandReviewStaff,[G.R.No.L59651,December6,1985,140SCRA376]
The denial of permanent total disability benefits to the claimant in this case, who was a school teacher with
thirtyeight(38)yearsofdedicatedservice,wouldrenderinutileandmeaningless,thesocialjusticepreceptguaranteed
by the Constitution. The claimant is entitled not only to partial disability but to full compensation because her illness
rendered her incapable of teaching. That claimants employment had contributed even in a small degree to the
developmentofthediseaseisenoughforcompensabilityofclaim.
53
h.Paymentforallcompensablemonthsofdisability.
In case of permanent total disability, the full monthly income benefits should be paid for all compensable
monthsofdisability.
54
i.Effectofcessationofgrantofemployeescompensationbenefitstoentitlementtobenefitsforthesame
disabilityinanotherlawbeingadministeredbytheSystem.
After the benefit under the Employees Compensation Program (ECP) has ceased, and if the employee is
otherwise qualified for benefit for the same disability under another law administered by the System (GSIS/SSS), he
should be paid such benefit in accordance with the provisions of that law. This rule applies to contingencies which
occurredpriortoMay1,1978.
55
j.5yearguaranteedmonthlyincomebenefits;groundsforsuspensionofgrantofbenefits.
Exceptasotherwiseprovidedinotherlaws,decrees,ordersorlettersofinstructions,themonthlyincome
benefitisguaranteedforfive(5)yearsandshallbesuspendedunderanyofthefollowingconditions:
1.FailuretopresenthimselfforexaminationatleastonceayearuponnoticebytheSystem;
52
Section1[a], RuleXI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
53
SeealsoTolosav. ECC, G.R. No. 60509, May8, 1985, 136SCRA335involvingsameprinciple.
54
Section2[a], RuleXI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
55
Section2[b], RuleXI, Ibid..

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2. FailuretosubmitaquarterlymedicalreportcertifiedbyhisattendingphysicianasrequiredunderSection5,
RuleIVoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensation;
3.Completeorfullrecoveryfromhispermanentdisability;or
4.Uponbeinggainfullyemployed.
56
SaidSection5ofRuleIVoftheAmendedRulesprovidesthatanemployeeenjoyingpermanentdisabilitybenefit
wherethe disability resulted fromadiseaseshouldsubmittothe System(GSIS/SSS) a quarterlymedical report onhis
disabilitycertifiedbyhisphysician;otherwisehisbenefitshallbesuspendeduntilsuchtimethathecomplieswiththis
requirement.
k.Cashpaymentofpermanenttotaldisabilitybenefit.
Permanenttotaldisabilityresultingfromtheinjuryorsicknessiscompensablebycashpaymentsandnotthe
injuryorsicknessitself.
57
l.Monthlyincomebenefit.
AnyemployeeentitledtopermanenttotaldisabilitybenefitsshallbepaidbytheSystem(GSIS/SSS)amonthly
incomeasdefinedinSection9,RuleVIoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensation.
58
1.InthecaseoftheSSS.
In thecaseof the SSS,themonthly incomebenefit is theamountequivalentto one hundred fifteenpercent
(115%)ofthesumoftheaveragemonthlysalarycreditmultipliedbythereplacementratioandoneandahalfpercent
(11/2%)oftheaveragemonthlysalarycreditforeachcreditedyearofserviceinexcessoften(10)years;provided,that
the monthly income benefit shall in no case be less than P250.00; provided, however, that the monthly pension of
surviving pensioners shall be increased automatically and simultaneously to the extent that the fifteen percent (15%)
differenceinmonthlyincomebenefitbetweenECandSSandthetwentypercent(20%)differenceinmonthlyincome
benefitbetweenECandGSIS,shouldbemaintained.
59
2.InthecaseoftheGSIS.
InthecaseoftheGSIS,themonthlyincomebenefitshallbethebasicmonthlypensionasdefinedinP,D.No.
1146 [May 31, 1977] plus twenty percent (20%) thereof, but shall not be less than P250.00 nor more than the actual
salaryatthetimeofcontingency.
60
m.Amountofbenefitfordependentchildren.
Under Section 4, Rule XI of the Amended Rules on Employees Compensation, it is provided that each
dependentchild,butnotexceedingfive(5),countedfromtheyoungestandwithoutsubstitution,shallbeentitledtoten
percent (10%) of the monthly income benefit of the employee. The Amended Rules on Employees Compensation,
however,shallnotapplytocausesofactionwhichaccruedbeforeMay1,1978.
ExceptthebenefittodependentchildrenundersaidSection4ofRuleXIoftheAmendedRulesonEmployees
Compensation,theaggregatemonthlybenefitpayable,inthecaseoftheGSIS,shallinnocaseexceedthemonthlywage
orsalaryactuallyreceivedbytheemployeeasofthedateofhispermanenttotaldisabilityperECCResolutionNo.2819
datedAugust9,1984.
61
3.4.PERMANENTPARTIALDISABILITY.
a.Disability,whenpartialandpermanent.
Adisabilityispartialandpermanentif,asaresultoftheinjuryorsickness,theemployeesuffersapermanent
partiallossoftheuseofanypartofhisbody.
62
b.Requisitesforentitlement.
An employee shall be entitled to an income benefit for permanent partial disability (PPD) if all of the following
conditions are satisfied:
2.Hesustainsthepermanentpartialdisabilityasaresultoftheinjuryorsickness;and
3.TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedoftheinjuryorsicknesswhichcausedhisdisability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such injury or sickness occurred before the employee is duly
63
c.Effectofgainfulemployment.
For purposes of entitlement to income benefits for permanent partial disability, a covered employee shall
continuetoreceivethebenefitsprovidedthereunderevenifheisgainfullyemployedandreceivinghiswageorsalary.
64
56
Section2[c], RuleXI, Ibid..
57
58
Section3[a] [1], RuleXI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
59
L.O.I. 1286; ECCResolutionNo. 2799, July25, 1984; Section9[a], RuleVI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
60
ECCResolutionNo. 2799, July25, 1984; Section9[a], RuleVI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
61
Section6, RuleXI, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
62
Section2[c], RuleVII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation; (Triav. ECC, G.R. No. 96787, May8, 1992, 208SCRA834; Abaya, Jr. v. ECC, G.R. No. 64255, Aug. 16, 1989, 176SCRA507.
63
Section1[a], RuleXII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
64
Section1[b], RuleXII, Ibid..
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d.Incomebenefitincaseofpermanentpartialdisability(PPD).
Permanent partial disability is the exception to the rule that disability resulting from the injury or sickness is
compensablebycashpaymentsandnottheinjuryorsicknessitself.
65
Consequently,inthecasewheretheperiodcoveredforpaymentofincomebenefitforPPDdoesnotexceed
twelve(12)months,theSystem(GSIS/SSS)maypayinlumpsum;otherwisetheincomebenefitshallbepaidinmonthly
pension.
66
Inotherwords,iftheindicatednumberofmonthsexceedstwelve(12),theincomebenefitshouldbepaidin
monthlypension;otherwise,theSystemmaypaytheincomebenefitinlumpsumorinmonthlypension.
67
Under ECC Board Resolution 93080068 issued on August 5, 1993, permanent partial disability benefit is
granteduptoamaximumoftwohundredforty(240)daysiftheclaimant'sdisabilitypersistexceedingthe120daylimit.
Any employee entitled to PPD benefit shall be paid by the System(GSIS/SSS) a monthly income benefit for the
number of months indicated in Section 2, Rule XII of the Amended Rules on Employees Compensation [See Schedule
below].
68

e. Schedule of income benefit payment.
Under said Section 2, Rule XII of the Amended Rules on Employees Compensation, the income benefit shall be
paid beginning with the first month of such disability, but no longer than the designated number of months in the
following schedule:

CompleteandPermanentLoss
oftheuseofNo.ofMonths
onethumb 10
oneindexfinger 8
onemiddlefinger 6
oneringfinger 5
onelittlefinger 3
onebigtoe 6
anytoe 3
onehand 39
onearm 50
onefoot 31
oneleg 46
oneear 10
bothears 20
hearingofoneear 10
hearingofbothears 50
sightofoneeye 25
69
Incaseofpermanentpartialdisabilitylessthanthetotallossofthemember,thesamemonthlyincomeshallbe
paidforaportionoftheperiodestablishedforthetotallossofthememberinaccordancewiththeproportionthatthe
partial lossbears tothe total loss. If theresult is adecimal fraction,the same shallbe roundedoff to the nexthigher
integer.
70
Incaseofsimultaneouslossofmorethanonememberorapartthereof,thesamemonthlyincomeshallbe
paidforaperiodequivalenttothesumoftheperiodsestablishedforthelossofthememberorpartthereofbutnot
exceedingseventyfive(75).Iftheresultisadecimalfraction,thesameshallberoundedofftothehigherinteger.
71
Thedegreeofpermanentdisabilityshallbeequivalenttotheratiothatthedesignatednumberofmonthsof
compensabilitybearstoseventyfive(75).
72
f.Consequenceoflossofapartofbody.
Thefollowingrulesshallapplyincaseoflossofapartoftheemployeesbody:
1. Alossofawristisconsideredalossofthehand;
2. Alossofanelbowisconsideredalossofthearm;
3. Alossofanankleisconsideredalossoftheleg;
4. Alossofmorethanonejointisconsideredalossofthewholefingerortoe;and
5. Alossofonlythefirstjointshallbeconsideredalossofonehalfofthewholefingerortoe.
OtherpermanentpartialdisabilitiesshallbedeterminedbytheMedicalOfficeroftheSystem(GSIS/SSS).
73
g.Unlistedinjuriesandillnesses(nonscheduleddisabilities).
In cases of injuries or illnesses not listed in the schedule under Section 2, Rule XII of the Amended Rules on
EmployeesCompensation[supra],thebenefitshallbeanincomebenefitequivalenttothepercentageofthepermanent
lossofthecapacityforwork.
74
65
66
Section3-A, RuleVII, Ibid..
67
68
69
70
71
Section3[c], RuleXII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
72
Section2[c], RuleXII, Ibid..
73
74
Section4[a], RuleXII, Ibid..
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3.5.DEATHBENEFIT.
a.Death,meaning.
Within the context of the employees compensation program, the term death means loss of life resulting
fromaninjuryorsickness.
75

b. Compensable death.
Compensable death refers to death which is the result of a work-related injury or sickness.

c. Proof required in order for death to be compensable.
Death compensation benefit cannot be awarded unless there is substantial evidence showing that:
(a) The cause of the employees death was reasonably connected with his work; or
(b) The sickness for which he died is an accepted occupational disease; or
(c) His working conditions increased the risk of contracting the disease for which he died.
76

d.Incomebenefitincaseofdeath.
Death resulting from the injury or sickness is compensable by cash payments and not the injury or sickness
itself.
77
ThemonthlyincomebenefitprovidedunderArticle194oftheLaborCodeisthenewamountofthemonthly
income benefit for the surviving beneficiaries upon the approval of P.D. No. 1368 [May 1, 1978] which introduced
amendmentstoTitleII,BookIVoftheLaborCode.
78
e.Requisitesforentitlementtodeathbenefit.
The beneficiaries of a deceased employee shall be entitled to an income benefit if all of the following conditions
are satisfied:
1. TheemployeehadbeendulyreportedtotheSystem(GSIS/SSS);
2.Hediedasaresultofaninjuryorsickness;and
3.TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedofhisdeath,aswellastheinjuryorsicknesswhichcausedhisdeath.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such death occurred before the employee is duly reported for
coveragetotheSystem(GSIS/SSS).
79
f.Deathtobecompensablemustoccurwhileintheperformanceofjob;exception.
Underthelawonemployeescompensation,deathiscompensableonlywhenitresultsfromaworkconnected
injuryorsickness.
80

InLuv.WCC,[G.R.No.L43181,October27,1986,145SCRA170],itwasruledthatthedeathoftheemployee,
nothavingoccurredwhileintheperformanceofhisdutiesasagasolineattendant,theclaimantcannotbeextendedthe
benefitsoftheWorkmensCompensationAct.

In another case, Tolosa v. ECC, [G.R. No. 60509, May 8, 1985, 136 SCRA 335], it was pronounced that the
employees widow is not entitled to death benefits because her husband had stopped working when he became
physicallydisabledtodohisworkatthetimeofhisretirementin1975anddiedonFebruary14,1984,oralmostnine(9)
yearsafter,whichisclearlynotwithinthetwoyearperiodrequiredbytheoldWorkmensCompensationAct.

But in Manuzon v. ECC, [G.R. No. 88573, June 25, 1990], where the employee died about 4 years after
retiring from the service due to a stroke, a cardiovascular accident caused by thrombosis, the Supreme Court, in
reversingthedenialoftheclaimbytheECC,ruledthatthedependentsareentitledtothebenefits,althoughthedeath
occurredaftertheretirement,becausethecauseofdeath,myocardialinfarction,iscloselyrelatedtothecauseofhis
compulsoryretirement.
Inthe2004caseofGSISv.Cuanang,[G.R.No.158846,June3,2004],wheretheemployeediedayearafter
retirement, the Supreme Court, following the ruling in Manuzon v. ECC, [supra] held that (i)ndeed, if a death which
occurredalmostfourandonehalfyearsafterretirementwasheldtobewithinthecoverageofthedeathbenefitsunder
P.D.626,asintheManuzoncase,withmorereasonshouldadeathwhichoccurredwithinoneyearafterretirementbe
consideredascoveredunderthesamelaw.Aclaimforbenefitforsuchdeathcannotbedefeatedbythemerefactof
separationfromservice.
(CitingIjaresv.CA,G.R.No.105854,Aug.26,1999,313SCRA141).
g.Deathofamemberwhileunderpermanentpartialdisability.
Uponthedeathofacoveredmemberduringtheperiodthathe/shewasreceivingpermanentpartialdisability
(PPD)benefits,theremainderofhisPPDbenefitsshallbepaidtohisprimarybeneficiaries.However,thebeneficiaries
shallbeentitledtothesamebenefitsenjoyedbythebeneficiariesofapermanenttotaldisability(PTD)pensionerupon
hisdeath,providedthatthecauseofdeathwasthesameillnessorinjuryforwhichhe/shewasawardedPPDbenefits.
h.Additionalrequisites;proofofmarriage.
If the employee has been receiving monthly income benefit for permanent total disability at the time of his
death,thesurvivingspousemustshowthatthemarriagehasbeenvalidlysubsistingatthetimeofhisdisability.
81
75
Article167[m], LaborCode.
76
GauShengPhils., Inc. v. Joaquin, G.R. No. 144665, Sept. 8, 2004, citingBonillav. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136453, Sept. 21, 2000, 340SCRA760.
77
78
Article194[c], LaborCode.
79
Section1[a], RuleXIII, Ibid..
80
BuenaObrav. SSS, G.R. No. 147745, April 9, 2003.
81
Section1[b], RuleXIII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
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i.Materialdatetodeterminetheamountofdeathcompensationbenefits.
Itiswellsettledthatthematerialdatetodeterminetheamountofdeathcompensationbenefitsisthedateof
thedeathoftheemployeeandnottheamountprovidedbylawatthetimeofpayment.
82
j.Periodofentitlementtodeathbenefit.
1.Forprimarybeneficiaries.
Theincomebenefitforprimarybeneficiariesshallbepaidbeginningatthemonthofdeathandshallcontinue
tobepaidforaslongasthebeneficiariesareentitledthereto.
The monthly income benefit shall be guaranteed for 5 years which in no case shall be less than P15,000.00.
Thereafter,thebeneficiariesshallbepaidthemonthlyincomebenefitforaslongastheyareentitledthereto.Thisisin
accordancewithECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,1984.
83

2.Forsecondarybeneficiaries.
The income benefit for secondary beneficiaries shall be sixty (60) times the monthly income benefit of a
primarybeneficiarywhichinnocaseshallbelessthanP15,000.00whichshalllikewisebepaidasmonthlypensionper
ECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,1984.
84
k.Presumptivedeath.
1.Whendeathbenefitsshouldbepaid.
UnderECCBoardResolution93080068issuedonAugust5,1993,paymentofdeathbenefitsshallbereckoned
from the date a worker was declared presumptively dead after he/she had been reported missing for sometime, by
properauthority,inaccordancewithlaw;exceptwhenthedeclarationofdeathspecifiedanotherdate,insuchacase,
paymentofdeathbenefitsshallstartfromthelatterdate.
2.Entitlementtofuneralbenefits.
Thebeneficiariesshallbeentitledtofuneralbenefitsasprovidedforunderthelaw,eventhoughthebodyofa
missingpersonhadnotbeenrecoveredandthatnoburialactivitieshadbeenundertaken.
l.Deathbenefit,notpartoftheestateofthedeceased.
The death benefits being paid under the law are not part of the deceaseds estate. They are not in the nature of
inheritance. They are granted by operation of law as financial compensation and aid for the death of the employee.
It must be noted that the dependents mentioned in the law are not referred to as the heirs but rather as
beneficiaries.Itmaybefurtherobservedthatthedependentsarenotnecessarilytheheirsofthedeceased,asthis
termisunderstoodincivillaw.
3.6.FUNERALBENEFITUNDERTHELABORCODE.
a.Entitlementtofuneralbenefit.
A funeral benefit of P3,000.00 shall be paid upon the death of a covered employee or a permanently totally
disabled pensioner to one of the following:
1. Thesurvivingspouse;or
2. Thelegitimatechildwhospentforthefuneralservices;or
3. Any other person who can show incontrovertible proof of his having borne the funeral expenses, in
accordancewithECCResolutionNo.3682datedJuly21,1987andECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,
1984.
85

b.Increasesintheamountoffuneralbenefit.
1. By virtue of ECC Resolution No. 3903 [May 1, 1988] passed by the Employees Compensation Commission
(ECC), the amount of funeral benefit was increased fromP3,000.00 as provided in the Labor Code and its implementing
rules, to P6,000.00.
2. Subsequently, in 1992, the amount of funeral benefit to private sector employees was increased to P8,000.00
effective May 1, 1992 pursuant to ECC Resolution No. 92-07-0032 dated July 8, 1992.
3. Effective May 1, 1994, the funeral benefit was increased to P10,000.00 for the private sector and P3,000.00
for the public sector.
c.Effectofdenialofdeathbenefitonentitlementtofuneralbenefit.
The denial of the death benefit being claimed has an adverse effect on the claim for funeral benefit. The
SupremeCourtinthecaseofTolosav.ECC,[G.R.No.60509,May8,1985,136SCRA335],heldthatthewidowisnot
entitledtofuneralbenefitinviewofitsrulingthatsheisnotentitledtodeathbenefit.
4.DEPENDENCY.
a.Dependency,meaning.
82
Lucerov. NLRC, G.R. No. 74197, Oct. 28, 1991, 203SCRA218.
83
Section2[A] [a] and[b], RuleXIII, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
84
Section2[B] [a], RuleXIII, Ibid..
85
Section1, RuleXIV, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
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The term dependency does not mean absolute dependency for the necessities of life but rather, that the
dependentlookedtoandreliedonthecontributionoftheclaimant,inwholeorinpart,asameansofsupportingand
maintaininghimselfinaccordancewithhisstationinlife.
Underthisconcept,apersonmaybeconsideredadependentalthoughheisabletomaintainhimselfwithout
anyassistancefromthedecedent.(Castillov.Cadwallader&GibsonLumberCompany,G.R.No.41267,Sept.26,1934).
For instance, the legitimate spouse may be gainfully employed himself or herself but he/she is considered a
dependent for as long as he/she is living with the deceased employee at the time of the occurrence of death.
b.Testofdependency.
There is no uniformtest to ascertain dependency. What the law imposes is that the dependency relationship
should exist at the time of the occurrence of the injury. What would be ordinary necessity and comfort for one person may
not necessarily apply to another. However, such factors as standards of living, station in life, the necessity and comfort
required and the like, may prove helpful in determining dependency.
Total or partial dependency is a question of fact which may be established by appropriate evidence. In
Paragatosv.Barredo,[31O.G.97],theSupremeCourtruledthatbasedontheevidencepresented,theplaintiffparent
waspartiallydependentuponhissonforsupport,takingintoaccountthecircumstancesandconditionsprevailinginthe
countrywhereanyamountsentbyasontohisfatherwholivesintheruralareaandwhocanhardlyprovideforthe
needsofhisminorchildrenissufficientevidenceofpartialdependency.
c.Classificationofdependency.
Dependency may be classified as follows:
1.Astotheamountpartialortotal;or
2.Astostatuslegaloractual.

1.Partialdependency.
A partial dependent is a person who has some means or income of his own and who receives less than all of his
support fromthe employee. If the contributions fromthe employee enable himto live in accordance with his station in life,
without which he could not live in accordance therewith, such person is a partial dependent.

2.Totaldependency.
A total dependent is one who has no means of support and entirely depends for support upon the contribution
fromthe employee or one who may have an income fromother sources but the amount of which is too small and
insignificant as would enable himto support himself without the major support fromthe employee.

3.Legaldependency.
Legal dependency proceeds fromthe mandate or operation of the law, irrespective of the ability of the dependent
to support himself. This type of dependency, having been established by operation of law, is conclusive.
4.Actualdependency.
Under this type of dependency, the reasonable expectation of continuing support appears to be the general and
important criterion to consider. An actual dependent, therefore, is one who looked to the employee for support, partially or
wholly.
d.SpecificdependentsundertheLaborCode.
1.DependentsprovidedundertheLaborCode.
UndertheLaborCode,thetermdependentreferstothefollowing:
a. Thelegitimate,legitimatedorlegallyadoptedoracknowledgednaturalchildwhoisunmarried,notgainfully
employed,andnotovertwentyone(21)yearsofageorovertwentyone(21)yearsofageprovidedheis
incapacitated and incapable of selfsupport due to a physical or mental defect which is congenital or
acquiredduringminority;
b. Thelegitimatespouselivingwiththeemployee;and
c. Theparentsofsaidemployeewhollydependentuponhimforregularsupport.
86
2.Childrenasdependents.
The children referred to as dependents under the law are:
1.Legitimatechildren;
2.Legitimatedchildren;
3.Legallyadoptedchildren;and
4.Acknowledgednaturalchildren.
As a general rule, minor children of the deceased employee are conclusively presumed to be dependents.
As far as children of majority age are concerned, they should prove their dependency in accordance with the
requirements of the law. Thus, a child who is over 21 years of age may still be considered dependent if he satisfies the two
(2) requirements as follows:
i. Heisincapacitated;and
ii. Incapable of selfsupport due to a physical or mental defect which is congenital or acquired during
minority.
87
86
Article167[i], LaborCode.
87
Article167[i], LaborCode.
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Under the old Workmens Compensation Act, as amended, stepchildren as well as brothers and sisters of the
deceased employee are considered dependents. However, under the Labor Code, reference to themis absent. Therefore,
they should no longer be considered as dependents.
Asfarasillegitimatechildrenareconcerned,paragraph[i]ofArticle167oftheLaborCodedefiningtheterm
dependentdoesnotmentionormakereferencetothemasdependents.However,paragraph[j]thereofandSection
1[c],RuleXVoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensationtreatillegitimatechildrenassecondarybeneficiaries.
Legally-adopted children, to be considered dependents, must have been judicially-decreed as such prior to the
occurrence of the injury and death of the deceased employee. Without judicial pronouncement on the adoption, as when
the child was merely taken into the home and treated as a member of the family, would not be sufficient for purposes of
entitlement to the benefits.
3.Legitimatespouseasdependent.
At the outset, it bears stressing the fact that, unlike the old Workmens Compensation Act where Sections 9
and10thereofexplicitlymadeadistinctionbetweenwidowandwidowerintermsofentitlementtobenefits,the
LaborCodeusesthegenerictermspousewhichmayrefereithertoawidow(wife)orawidower(husband).
In order for the widowed spouse of the deceased employee to be entitled to compensation benefits, the law
imposes the following requirements:
1.He/sheisalegitimatespouse;and
2.He/sheshouldbelivingwiththedeceasedemployeeatthetimeofdeath.
A widowed spouse is, as a general rule, conclusively presumed to be a dependent when living with the deceased
at the time of the latters death, irrespective of whether he/she is gainfully employed.
The only time when this conclusive presumption does not attach is when the surviving spouse is not the
legitimate spouse or is voluntarily living apart fromthe deceased employee at the time of death.
In case there are two (2) wives claiming the benefits under the law, the Workmens (now Employees)
CompensationCommission,accordingtotheSupremeCourt,isempoweredtoruleontheissueofwhoisthelegitimate
spouse who shall be awarded the benefits. The Commission may act as referee and arbitrator to help the two (2)
claimantsreachanamicablesettlement.
88
In case the legitimate surviving spouse was living separately fromthe deceased employee at the time of death,
he/she may be treated as dependent if such separation was necessary and justified as when the same was caused by health
or business reasons or because of the fault of the deceased spouse. Under these situations, it is believed that the conclusive
presumption of dependency should still apply.
InVda.deMakabentav.DavaoStevedoreTerminalCompany,[G.R.No.L27489,April30,1970],amarriage
celebrated in a hospital where the deceased employee was confined after the fatal accident where he sustained the
injurybutbeforehisdeath,washeldsufficientforpurposesofdeterminingthedependencyofthewife.Forthree(3)
monthspriortosuchmarriage,theywerealreadylivingtogetherascommonlawhusbandandwife.
4.Policyonsurvivingspouse.
Under ECC Board Resolution No. 97090500 issued on September 4, 1997, a policy has been enunciated as
regardssurvivingspousefoundnottobelivingwiththecoveredemployeeatthetimetheemployeedied.Saidsurviving
spouse is entitled to employees' compensation benefits provided that the separation occurred owing to any of the
followingcircumstances:
1. Refusal of the covered employee to continue living with the surviving spouse; or the employee's
abandonmentofthesaidspouse,withoutjustifiableorvalidcause;
2. Attemptofthecoveredemployeeagainstthelifeofthesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenofthe
spouse;
3. Commissionofanactofsexualabuseagainstthesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenofthespouse;
4. The covered employee's recurrent commission of physical violence, or grossly, abusive conduct, against
thesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenofthespouse;
5. The covered employee's infliction of physical violence, or imposition of moral duress, to compel the
surviving spouse, common child/children or child/children of the spouse to change their religious or
politicalaffiliation;
6. Attempt of the covered employee to corrupt or induce the surviving spouse, common child/children or
child/childrenofthespousetoengageinprostitution,ortomakethemconnivewiththeemployeeinsuch
anactofcorruptionorinducement;
7. Drugaddictionorhabitualalcoholismofthecoveredemployee;
8. Lesbianismorhomosexualityofthecoveredemployee;
9. Contractionofbigamousmarriagesbythecoveredemployee,whetherinthePhilippinesorabroad;
10. Sexualinfidelityorperversionofthecoveredemployee;
11. Thecoveredemployee'sactofallowingthesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenorchild/childrenof
thespousetobesubjectedtoactsoflasciviousness;and
12. Thecoveredemployee'scontractionofserioussexuallytransmitteddiseaseextramaritally.
88
SamarMiningCo., Inc. v. WCC, G.R. Nos. L-29938-39, March31, 1971; Consuegrav. GSIS, G.R. No. L-28093, Jan. 30, 1971.
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5.Parentsofdeceasedemployeeasdependents.
Inorderfortheparentsofthedeceasedemployeetoqualifyasdependents,thelawsimplyimposesone(1)
requirement,i.e.,thattheyarewhollyandnotpartially,dependentuponthelatterforregularsupport.Livingwiththe
deceased employee is not a requirement. The conclusive presumption applicable to the other dependents is not
followedinthecaseofparents.Consequently,theburdenofproofisuponsuchparentstoprovedependency.
Astowhatismeantbyregularsupport,thelawandtheimplementingrules failedtodefineordescribeit.
However, such regularity of support which is certainly a question of fact may be inferred from the peculiar facts of a
case.
InMalateTaxicabv.DelVillar,[G.R.No.L7489,February29,1956],theparentswereconsidereddependents
despitethesubstantialincomeofthefatherwhoisanaccountantearningP300.00permonth.Thetestofdependency,
accordingtotheHighCourt,isnotmerelywhetherthecontributionswerenecessarytobaresubsistence.Dependency
mayexistalthoughthedependentscouldhavesubsistedwithouttheassistancehereceived,ifsuchcontributionswere
reliedonbytheclaimantforhismeansoflivingasdeterminedbyhispositioninlife.So,itisimmaterialthatclaimant
couldhavesoreducedhislivingexpensesthathecouldhavebeensupportedindependentlyfromtheearningsofthe
employee.Oneneednotbeactuallyapartofthedeceasedemployeeshouseholdinordertobeadependent.There
maybedependencynotwithstandingthefactthattheemployeedidnotworksteadilyorwasabsentfromthehomeat
thetimeofhisaccidentaldeath,andnotwithstandingtheemployeesunlawfulactsorhisstatementinhisapplicationfor
employmentthathehadnodependents.
5.BENEFICIARIES.
a.Beneficiaries,defined.
Thetermbeneficiariesmeansthedependentspouseuntilhe/sheremarriesanddependentchildrenwhoare
theprimarybeneficiaries.Intheirabsence,thedependentparentsandsubjecttotherestrictionsimposedondependent
children, the illegitimate children and legitimate descendants, who are the secondary beneficiaries, provided that the
dependentacknowledgednaturalchildshallbeconsideredasaprimarybeneficiarywhentherearenootherdependent
childrenwhoarequalifiedandeligibleformonthlyincomebenefit.
89
b.Generalclassification.
Beneficiaries under the Labor Code may be classified as follows:
1.Primary;or
2.Secondary.
90
c.Primarybeneficiaries.
The following beneficiaries shall be considered primary:
1.Thelegitimatespouselivingwiththeemployeeatthetimeoftheemployeesdeathuntilhe/sheremarries;
and
2.The legitimate, legitimated or legally adopted or acknowledged natural children who are unmarried, not
gainfullyemployed,notover21yearsofage,orover21yearsofage,providedthatheisincapacitatedand
incapableofselfsupportduetoaphysicalormentaldefectwhichiscongenitaloracquiredduringminority.
Adependentacknowledgednaturalchildshallbeconsideredasaprimarybeneficiaryonlywhenthereare
nootherdependentchildrenwhoarequalifiedandeligibleformonthlyincomebenefit.Iftherearetwoor
more acknowledged natural children, they shall be counted from the youngest and without substitution,
butnotexceedingfive(5).ThisruleisinaccordancewithECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,1984.
91
d.Secondarybeneficiaries.
The following beneficiaries shall be considered secondary:
1.Thelegitimateparentswhollydependentupontheemployeeforsupport;
2.Thelegitimatedescendantsandillegitimatechildrenwhoareunmarried,notgainfullyemployedandover21
yearsofage,orover21yearsofageprovidedthatheisincapacitatedandincapableofselfsupportduetoa
physicalormentaldefectwhichiscongenitaloracquiredduringminority.
92
e.Whentodeterminebeneficiaries.
Beneficiariesshallbedeterminedatthetimeoftheemployeesdeath.
93
Consequently,althoughinotherjurisdictions,posthumouschildrenwhodiedbeforetheemployeesdeathare
considered as dependents (King v. Peninsulas Portland Cement Co., 216 Mich. 335), however, under the laws of the
Philippines,theycannot,asageneralrule,besoconsideredsincebeneficiariesaredeterminedatthetimeofthedeath
oftheemployee.
However,inVda.deMakabentav.DavaoStevedoreTerminalCompany,[G.R.No.L27489,April30,1970],
the daughter born after the death of the employee and, therefore, a posthumous child, was considered a legal
dependentofthedeceasedemployee.
89
Article167[j], LaborCode.
90
Section1[a], RuleXV, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.

91
Section1[b], RuleXV, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
92
Section1[c], RuleXV, Ibid..
93
Section1[a], RuleXV, Ibid..
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f.Ruleonpriorityofbeneficiaries.
1.Priorityofprimarybeneficiaries;secondarybeneficiariesexcluded.
Primarybeneficiarieshavepriorityclaimtodeathbenefitsoversecondarybeneficiaries.Wheneverthereare
primarybeneficiaries,nodeathbenefitshouldbepaidtosecondarybeneficiaries.
94
2.Intheabsenceofprimarybeneficiaries,deathbenefitsshouldbepaidtosecondarybeneficiaries.
Ifthedeceasedemployeehasnoprimarybeneficiariesatthetimeofhisdeath,thedeathbenefitsshouldbe
paidtohissecondarybeneficiaries.
95
3.Intheabsenceofbothprimaryandsecondarybeneficiaries,deathbenefitsshallaccruetotheEmployees
CompensationFund.
Ifthedeceasedemployeehasnoprimaryorsecondarybeneficiariesatthetimeofhisdeath,thedeathbenefit
shallaccruetotheEmployeesCompensationFund.
96
g.Benefitspayable.
Primary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a monthly income benefit. In their absence, the secondary
beneficiariesshallbeentitledtoamonthlyincomebenefitnottoexceedsixty(60)monthsandthedeathbenefitshall
notbelessthanP15,000.00perECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,1984.
97
h.Monthlyincomebenefit,howdistributed.
TheECCpassedResolutionNo.90030022[March23,1990]adoptingandpromulgatingtheSuppletoryRules
to the Amended Rules on Employees Compensation. These Suppletory Rules provide for the distribution of monthly
incomebenefitsasfollows:
1. Monthly income benefits shall be shared equally by all the primary beneficiaries including dependent
children who were not considered in the determination of dependent pensions. Upon emancipation or
otherwisedisqualificationtoentitlementtothedependentpensionofadependentchild,onlytenpercent
(10%)shallbedeductedfromthebenefitsandtheremainingincomebenefitsshall,onceagain,bedivided
equallybythequalifiedprimarybeneficiaries.
98
2. If there are no primary beneficiaries, the secondary beneficiaries shall also share equally in the monthly
incomebenefits.
99
i.Evidencetoproverelationshipanddependency.
Amarriagecertificateissuedbytheparishpriestwhosolemnizedthemarriagebetweenthesurvivingspouse
andthedeceasedissufficienttoestablishmarriagerelationship.
100
The baptismal certificates and birth certificates of the children are also sufficient evidence to prove the
relationship ofthe dependents with thedeceased. Strictobservanceofthetechnical rules of evidenceis notproperly
demandedinemployeescompensationcases.
101

END OF DISCUSSION ON
TOPIC F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

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94
Section2[a], RuleXV, AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation.
95
Section2[b], RuleXV, Ibid..
96
Section2[c], RuleXV, Ibid..
97
Section3, RuleXV, Ibid..
98
No. I [1] thereof.
99
No. I [2] thereof.
100
Tibulanv. Inciong, G.R. No. 48576, Aug. 11, 1989, 176SCRA316.
101
Id..


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SaidSection5ofRuleIV of the AmendedRulesonEmployees Compensation requires that an employee

f. Requisites for entitlement to income benefit for permanent total disability.

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