Atty Tan

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan
CONSOLIDATED NOTES in CIVIL PROCEDURE

Notes y! Paul Lemuel E" C#ave$
CIVIL PROCEDURE NOTES
PRELIMINARIES
Remedial Law
%ran&# o' law w#i&# (res&ries t#e
met#od o' en'or&in) t#e ri)#ts or
otainin) redress 'or t#eir
invasions
Remedial Law vs Substantive Law
Substantive Law Remedial Law
Part o' t#e law
w#i&# &reates*
de+nes* or
re)ulates ri)#ts
&on&ernin) li'e*
lierty* or (ro(erty
or t#e (owers o'
a)en&ies or
instrumentalities 'or
t#e administration
o' (uli& a,airs
Re'ers to t#e
le)islation (rovidin)
means or met#ods
w#erey &auses o'
a&tion may e
e,e&tuated* wron)s
redressed* and relie'
otained -ad.e&tive
law/
0a1es vested ri)#ts
(ossile
2as no vested
ri)#ts
Pros(e&tive in
a((li&ation
3overns ri)#ts and
transa&tions w#i&#
too1 (la&e
-retroa&tive/
Cannot e ena&ted
y SC
SC is e4(ressly
em(owered to
(romul)ate
(ro&edural rules
4 Main Divisions o Remedial
Law!
5" Civil Pro&edure -Rules 5675/
8" S(e&ial Pro&eedin)s -Rules 78659:/
;" Criminal Pro&edure -R5596R587/
<" Rules on Eviden&e -Rules 58=65;</
"#at a$e t#e sou$%es o Remedial
Law&
'( 5:=7 Constitution
)( %P 58: ->udi&iary Reor)ani$ation
A&t o' 5:=9/ as amended y
RA7?:5 -A&t e4(andin) t#e
.urisdi&tion o' 0TCs* 0uTCs* 0CTCs
*( Rules o' Court
4( Su(reme Court Administrative
0atters and Cir&ulars
+( Su(reme Court de&isions
,( New Civil Code
-( Family Code
.( Lo&al 3overnment Code -RA 75?9/*
(arti&ularly t#e @atarun)an)
Pamaran)ay Law
/( S(e&ial Laws and amendments
'0(Rules o' Pro&edure on Small Claims
''(Revised 0anual o' t#e Cler1 o'
Court
Di1e$entiate! Civil A%tions2 S3e%ial
P$o%eedin4s2 C$iminal A%tions
S3e%ial
P$o%eedin
4s
C$iminal
P$o%edu$e
Civil
A%tion
A remedy
y w#i&# a
(arty see1s
to estalis#
a status* a
ri)#t* or a
(arti&ular
'a&t -Rule 5
S;&/
T#e State
(rose&utes
a (erson
'or an a&t
or omission
(unis#ale
y law
-Rule 5
S;/
A
(ro&eedin)
w#erein a
(erson is
(rose&uted
y t#e
State 'or
a&ts or
omissions
&ommitted
in violation
o' (enal
laws* and
to im(ose
t#e
&orres(ondi
n) (enalty
(rovided
'or y
(enal laws
A (arty
sues
anot#er 'or
t#e
en'or&eme
nt or
(rote&tion
o' a ri)#t*
or t#e
(revention
or redress
o' a wron)
A &ivil
a&tion may
e ordinary
or s(e&ial"
-R5 S;a/
3overned 3overned %ot# are
5
y s(e&ial
rules* and
in t#e
asen&e o'
s(e&ial
(rovisions*
t#e rules
(rovided
'or in
ordinary
&ivil
a&tions
s#all e* as
'ar as
(ra&ti&ale
* a((ly
su((letory
-R78 S8/
y t#e
Revised
Rules o'
Criminal
Pro&edure
)overned
y t#e
Rules 'or
ordinary
&ivil
a&tions*
su.e&t to
s(e&i+&
rules
(res&ried
'or a
s(e&ial &ivil
a&tion -R5
S;a/
0ay
involve
only one
(arty
Involves
t#e State
a)ainst t#e
a&&used
Involves 8
or more
(arties
Initiated y
(etition
Initiated y
&om(laint
-ut +led in
&ourt y
In'ormation
/
Initiated y
&om(laint*
or* in some
s(e&ial &ivil
a&tions* y
(etition
E4&e(t
2aeas
Cor(us*
NOT ased
on a &ause
o' a&tion
%ased on
an a&t or
omission
(unis#ale
y law
%ased on a
&ause o'
a&tion
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Relatin4 to CIVIL PROCEDURE
A= S5
>udi&ial Power s#all e vested in one
Su(reme Court and in su&# lower &ourts as
may e estalis#ed y law"
>udi&ial Power in&ludes t#e duty o' t#e
&ourts o' .usti&e to settle a&tual
&ontroversies involvin) ri)#ts w#i&# are
le)ally demandale and en'or&eale* and
to determine w#et#er or not t#ere is )rave
ause o' dis&retion amountin) to la&1 or
e4&ess o' .urisdi&tion on t#e (art o' any
ran&# or instrumentality o' t#e
)overnment"
"#at a$e t#ose ot#e$ Cou$ts as ma5
be establis#ed b5 Law&
Sandi)anayan
Family Courts -RA =;?:/
Court o' Ta4 A((eals
S#aria Court
A; S5
No (erson s#all e de(rived o' li'e* lierty*
or (ro(erty wit#out due (ro&ess o' law*
nor s#all any (erson e denied t#e eAual
(rote&tion o' t#e laws"
A; S:B-%asis o' Rule ?7/
Private (ro(erty s#all not e ta1en 'or
(uli& use wit#out (ayment o' .ust
&om(ensation
A? S;9
No law s#all e (assed in&reasin) t#e
a((ellate .urisdi&tion o' t#e SC as (rovided
in t#is Constitution wit#out its advi&e and
&on&urren&e"
A= SC P5
T#e Su(reme Court s#all #ave t#e
'ollowin) (owers!
6 E4er&ise ori)inal .urisdi&tion over
&ases a,e&tin)!
o Amassadors
o Ot#er (uli& ministers and
&onsuls
6 Over (etitions 'or
o Certiorari
o Pro#iition
o 0andamus
o Duo warranto
o 2aeas &or(us
A7 S<
T#e Su(reme Court en an& s#all e t#e
sole .ud)e o' all &ontests relatin) to t#e
ele&tion* returns* and Auali+&ation o' t#e
8
President or Vi&e President* and may
(romul)ate its rules 'or t#e (ur(ose"
A7 S5=
T#e Su(reme Court may review* in an
a((ro(riate (ro&eedin) +led y any
&iti$en* t#e suE&ien&y o' t#e 'a&tual asis
o' t#e (ro&lamation o' martial law or t#e
sus(ension o' t#e (rivile)e o' t#e writ or
t#e e4tension t#ereo'* and must
(romul)ate its de&ision t#ereon wit#in ;9
days 'rom its +lin)"
A= SC P8B-%asis o' Rule C?/
6 Review
6 Revise
6 Reverse
6 0odi'y
6 AErm
o On a((eal or &ertiorari* as
t#e law or t#e Rules o' Court
may (rovide* +nal
.ud)ments and orders o'
lower &ourts in!
5" All &ases in w#i&# &onstitutionality
or validity o' any
a" treaty*
" international or e4e&utive
a)reement
&" law
d" (residential de&ree
e" (ro&lamation
'" order
)" instru&tion
#" ordinan&e
i" re)ulation
i" is in Auestion
8" all &ases involvin) t#e le)ality o'
any
a" ta4
" im(ost
&" assessment
d" toll
e" any (enalty im(osed in
relation t#ereto
;" all &ases in w#i&# t#e .urisdi&tion o'
any lower &ourt is in issue
<" all &riminal &ases in w#i&# t#e
(enalty im(osed is re&lusion
(er(etua or #i)#er
C" all &ases in w#i&# only an error or
Auestion o' law is involved
A= SC PC -asis o' Rules o' Court/
T#e SC s#all #ave t#e 3owe$ to
3$omul4ate $ules %on%e$nin4!
5" Prote&tion and en'or&ement o'
&onstitutional ri)#ts
8" Pleadin)* (ra&ti&e* (ro&edure in all
&ourts
;" Admission to (ra&ti&e o' law
<" Inte)rated %ar
C" Le)al assistan&e to t#e
under(rivile)ed
Su%# $ules s#all 6Limits to SC7$ule
ma8in4 3owe$9!
5" Provide sim(li+ed and ine4(ensive
(ro&edure 'or s(eedy dis(osition o'
&ases
8" S#all e uni'orm 'or all &ourts o'
t#e same )rade
;" S#all not diminis#* in&rease* modi'y
sustantive ri)#ts"
Rules o' (ro&edure o' s(e&ial &ourt and
Auasi .udi&ial odies s#all remain e,e&tive
unless disa((roved y t#e SC
A= S8
T#e Con)ress s#all #ave t#e (ower to
de+ne* (res&rie* and a((ortion t#e
.urisdi&tion o' t#e various &ourts ut may
not de(rive t#e SC o' its .urisdi&tion over
&ases enumerated in SC t#ereo'"
No law s#all e (assed reor)ani$in) t#e
>udi&iary w#en it undermines se&urity o'
tenure o' its memers"
A; S5?
All (ersons s#all #ave t#e ri)#t to s(eedy
dis(osition o' &ases e'ore e'ore all
.udi&ial* Auasi .udi&ial* administrative
odies"
A= S5<B-asis 'or Rule ;?/
No de&ision s#all e rendered y any &ourt
wit#out e4(ressin) t#erein &learly and
distin&tly t#e 'a&ts and t#e law on w#i&# it
is ased"
;
No (etition 'or review or motion 'or
re&onsideration o' a de&ision o' t#e &ourt
s#all e re'used due &ourse or denied
wit#out startin) t#e le)al asis t#ere'or"
A:A S7 -asis o' Rule ?</
Ea&# Commission s#all de&ide y ma.ority
o' all its 0emers in any &ase or matter
rou)#t e'ore it wit#in ?9 days 'rom date
o' its sumission 'or de&ision or resolution"
A &ase or matter is deemed sumitted 'or
de&ision or resolution u(on t#e +lin) o' t#e
last (leadin)* rie'* or memorandum
reAuired y t#e rules o' t#e Commission or
y t#e Commission itsel'" Unless
ot#erwise (rovided y t#is Constitution or
y law* any de&ision* order* or rulin) o'
ea&# Commission may e rou)#t to t#e
SC on &ertiorari y t#e a))rieved (arty
wit#in ;9 days 'rom re&ei(t o' a &o(y
t#ereo'"
CIVIL PROCEDURE PROPER
:u$isdi%tion
Aut#ority o' t#e &ourt to #ea$ and
de%ide a &ase and to im3lement
its de%ision
Rule 30 Rule 36
Rule 39
Venue :u$isdi%tion
Pla&e w#ere a&tion
is instituted
Power o' &ourt to
#ear and de&ide a
&ase
0ay e waived >urisdi&tion over
su.e&t matter and
over nature o'
a&tion are &on'erred
y law and &annot
e waived
Pro&edural Sustantive
0ay e &#an)ed y
written a)reement
o' t#e (arties
Cannot e su.e&t
o' t#e a)reement o'
t#e (arties
Not a )round 'or
motu (ro(rio
dismissal* e4&e(t in
Summary Pro&edure
A )round 'or motu
(ro(rio dismissal
;ene$al :u$isdi%tion
Power to ad.udi&ate all
&ontroversies e4&e(t t#ose
e4(ressly wit##eld 'rom t#e
(lenary (owers o' t#e &ourt"
It e4tends to all &ontroversies
w#i&# may e rou)#t e'ore a
&ourt wit#in t#e le)al ounds o'
ri)#ts and remedies"
S3e%ial o$ Limited :u$isdi%tion
One w#i&# restri&ts t#e &ourtFs
.urisdi&tion only to (arti&ular &ases
and su.e&t to su&# limitations as
may e (rovided y t#e )overnin)
law"
It is &on+ned to (arti&ular &auses*
or w#i&# &an e e4er&ised only
under t#e limitations and
&ir&umstan&es (res&ried y t#e
statute
A33ellate :u$isdi%tion
Power and aut#ority &on'erred
u(on a su(erior &ourt to re#ear and
determine &auses w#i&# #ave een
tried in lower &ourts* t#e
&o)ni$an&e w#i&# a su(erior &ourt
ta1es o' a &ase removed to it* y
a((eal or writ o' error* 'rom t#e
de&ision o' a lower &ourt or t#e
review y a su(erior &ourt o' t#e
+nal .ud)ment or order o' some
lower &ourts
Con%u$$ent < Con=uent <
Coo$dinate :u$isdi%tion
Power &on'erred u(on di,erent
&ourts* w#et#er o' t#e same or
di,erent ran1s* to ta1e &o)ni$an&e
at t#e same sta)e o' t#e same &ase
in t#e same or di,erent .udi&ial
territories
E")" CA* SC* Sandi)anayan* RTC6
in 2C &ases* Grit o' Am(aro* Grit o'
2aeas Data
O$i4inal :u$isdi%tion
Power o' t#e &ourt to ta1e .udi&ial
&o)ni$an&e o' a &ase instituted 'or
.udi&ial a&tion 'or t#e +rst time
under &onditions (rovided y law
<
and a((ellate .urisdi&tion* or t#e
aut#ority o' a &ourt #i)#er in ran1
to re6e4amine t#e +nal order or
.ud)ment o' a lower &ourt w#i&#
tried t#e &ase or elevated 'or
.udi&ial review" It is .urisdi&tion
&on'erred u(on or in#erent in t#e
+rst instan&e
>urisdi&tion &on'erred y law and
+led at t#e +rst instan&e -NOTE! all
&ivil a&tions/
E>%lusive :u$isdi%tion
Power to ad.udi&ate a &ase or
(ro&eedin) to t#e e4&lusion o' all
ot#er &ourts at t#at sta)e
>urisdi&tion o' t#e &ourt to t#e
e4&lusion o' all ot#er &ourts
E>%lusive O$i4inal :u$isdi%tion
Power o' t#e &ourt to ta1e .udi&ial
&o)ni$an&e o' a &ase instituted 'or
.udi&ial a&tion 'or t#e +rst time to
t#e e4&lusion o' all ot#er &ourts
Te$$ito$ial :u$isdi%tion
Re'ers to )eo)ra(#i&al area wit#in
w#i&# t#e &ourtFs (owers &an e
e4er&ised
In &ivil &ases* assumes im(ortan&e
in &ase o' venue o' real or mi4ed
a&tion
In &riminal &ases* &onsideration o'
territory and lo&us o' &rime
determine venue and .urisdi&tion
Territorial .urisdi&tions!
SC and CA
National
RTC
Re)ional .urisdi&tion
In'erior &ourts
Territorial .urisdi&tion as de+ned y
SC in %P58:
HPower o' triunal &onsidered wit#
re'eren&e to t#e territory wit#in w#i&# it is
to e e4er&ised"
Dele4ated :u$isdi%tion
T#e )rant o' aut#ority to in'erior
&ourts to #ear and determine
&adastral and land re)istration
&ases under &ertain &onditions
Do%t$ine o P$ima$5 :u$isdi%tion
&ourts will not resolve a
&ontroversy involvin) a Auestion
w#i&# is wit#in t#e .urisdi&tion o'
an administrative triunal*
es(e&ially w#ere t#e Auestion
demands t#e e4er&ise o' sound
administrative dis&retion reAuirin)
s(e&ial 1nowled)e and e4(erien&e
o' said triunal in determinin)
te&#ni&al and intri&ate matters o'
'a&t
&ourts s#all not ta1e &o)ni$an&e o'
a &ase unless it #as een de&ided
at t#e administrative level
Coo$dinate :u$isdi%tion
-same as Con&urrent >urisdi&tion/
Power &on'erred u(on di,erent
&ourts* w#et#er o' t#e same or
di,erent ran1s* to ta1e &o)ni$an&e
at t#e same sta)e o' t#e same &ase
in t#e same or di,erent .udi&ial
territories
An%illa$5 :u$isdi%tion
Power o' t#e &ourts to settle issues
w#i&# are in&idental to main issue
A33eal b5
Ce$tio$a$i
Petition o$
Ce$tio$a$i
Rule <C Rule ?C
Petition is ased on
Auestions o' law
Petition is ased on
Auestions o'
.urisdi&tion* w#et#er
t#e lower &ourt
a&ted wit#out
.urisdi&tion or in
e4&ess o'
.urisdi&tion or wit#
)rave ause o'
dis&retion
0ode o' a((eal 0ode o' review I
SPECIAL CIVIL
ACTION
Involves review o'
t#e .ud)ment award
or +nal order on t#e
merits
Dire&ted a)ainst
interlo&utory order
o' t#e &ourt or
w#ere t#ere is no
C
a((eal or any (lain*
s(eedy* or
adeAuate remedy
Filed wit#in 5C days
'rom noti&e o'
.ud)ment* +nal
order* or resolution
a((ealed 'rom
Filed not later t#an
?9 days 'rom noti&e
o' .ud)ment* order*
or resolution sou)#t
to e reviewed
Stays .ud)ment or
+nal order a((ealed
'rom
Unless a writ o'
(reliminary
in.un&tion or
tem(orary
restrainin) order is
issued* t#e (etition
does not stay t#e
&#allen)ed
(ro&eedin)
A((ellant and
a((ellee are
ori)inal (arties to
t#e a&tion* and t#e
lower &ourt or Auasi
.udi&ial a)en&y is
not im(leaded
>ud)e* &ourt* Auasi
.udi&ial a)en&y*
triunal*
&or(oration* oard
or oE&er or (erson
are (uli&
res(ondents w#o
are im(leaded in
t#e a&tion
0otion 'or
re&onsideration is
not reAuired
0otion 'or
re&onsideration or
'or new trial is
reAuiredJ i' a motion
'or re&onsideration
or new trial is +led*
t#e (eriod s#all not
only e interru(ted
ut anot#er ?9 days
s#all e )iven to
(etitioner -SC
Admin 0atter 986
9;/
Court is in e4er&ise
o' its a((ellate
.urisdi&tion and
(ower o' review
Court e4er&ises
ori)inal .urisdi&tion
Petition s#all e
+led wit# t#e
Su(reme Court
Petition s#all e
+led wit# t#e RTC*
CA* Sandi)anayan*
Comele&
>URISDICTION
SUPREME COURT
O$i4inal :u$isdi%tion o t#e Su3$eme
Cou$t!
A= SC P56 -Rule C?/
T#e SC s#all #ave e4&lusive ori)inal
.urisdi&tion over &ases involvin)!
5" Amassadors
8" Ot#er (uli& ministers and &onsuls
;" Over (etitions 'or!
a" Certiorari
" Pro#iition
&" 0andamus
d" Duo warranto
e" 2aeas &or(us
A33ellate :u$isdi%tion o t#e Su3$eme
Cou$t!
A= SC P8
T#e SC may review* revise* reverse*
modi'y* or aErm on a((eal or &ertiorari*
as t#e law or t#e Rules o' Court may
(rovide* +nal .ud)ments and orders o'
lower &ourts in!
5" All &ases in w#i&# t#e
&onstitutionality or validity o' any
treaty* internation or e4e&utive
a)reement* law* (residential
de&ree* (ro&lamation* order*
instru&tion* ordinan&e* or re)ulation
is in Auestion
8" All &ases involvin) t#e le)ality o'
any ta4* im(ost* assessment or toll*
or any (enalty im(osed in relation
t#ereto
;" All &ases in w#i&# t#e .urisdi&tion o'
<" All &riminal &ases in w#i&# t#e
(er(etua or #i)#er -GIT2IN T2E
SCOPE OF CRI0INAL PROCEDURE6
RULE <C/
C" All &ases in w#i&# only an error or
Auestion o' law is im(osed
5 and 86 PURE DUESTIONS OF LAG
Administ$ative Su3e$vision o t#e
Su3$eme Cou$t!
?
5" Over &ourt (ersonnel
8" Over >usti&es
;" Over >ud)es
<" Pra&ti&e o' Law
C" 0emers o' t#e Inte)rated %ar
CA de%isions
6 A((ealale to SC under Rule <C
R<C S56 a (arty desirin) to a((eal y
&ertiorari 'rom a .ud)ment or +nal order or
resolution o' t#e Court o' A((eals may +le
wit# t#e SC a veri+ed (etition 'or review
on &ertiorari" T#e (etition s#all raise only
Auestions o' law w#i&# must e distin&tly
set 'ort#"
Note t#at Auestions o' law &an e raised
e'ore t#e CA -%P58:/
COURT O? APPEALS
O$i4inal @u$isdi%tion < O$i4inal
Con%u$$ent :u$isdi%tion
Ori)inal .urisdi&tion to issue writs o'!
6 0andamus
6 Pro#iition
6 Certiorari
6 2aeas &or(us
6 Duo warranto
6 Au4iliary writs and (ro&esses*
o G#et#er or not in aid o' its
a((ellate .urisdi&tion
E>%lusive O$i4inal :u$isdi%tion!
E4&lusive ori)inal .urisdi&tion over
t#e a&tions 'or annulment o'
.ud)ments o' RTCs
A33ellate :u$isdi%tion!
5" Rule <56 over RTC de&isions in t#e
e4er&ise o' its ORI3INAL
>URISDICTION -via Noti&e or Re&ord
o' A((eal/
6 RTC .urisdi&tion* +rst instan&e*
in&ludin) S(e&ial Civil A&tions
8" Rule <86 over RTC de&isions in t#e
e4er&ise o' its APPELLATE
>URISDICTION -via Petition 'or
Review/
;" Rule <;6 E4&lusive a((ellate
.urisdi&tion over all +nal .ud)ments*
resolution* orders* or awards o'
Auasi .udi&ial a)en&ies*
instrumentalities* oards* or
&ommissions -via Petition 'or
Review/
RTC
E>%lusive O$i4inal :u$isdi%tion!
5" In all a&tions in w#i&# t#e su.e&t o'
liti)ation is in&a(ale o' (e&uniary
estimation
8" A&tions w#i&# &annot e Auanti+ed
into monetary estimation
Su.e&t matter -%P58:/
;" In all &ivil a&tions w#i&# involve
title to or (ossession o' real
(ro(erty or any interest t#erein*
w#ere assessed value o' (ro(erty
involved e4&eeds 891 O00 or in
00* value o' (ro(erty involved
e4&eeds C91
E4&e(t a&tions o' FE and UD o'
lands and uildin)s* ori)inal
.urisdi&tion o' w#i&# is &on'erred
wit# 0TC* 0uTC* 0CTC
<" In all a&tions in admiralty and
maritime a&tions w#ere demand or
&laim e4&eeds ;991 O00 or
e4&eeds <991 00
C" In all matters o' (roate* testate or
intestate* w#ere )ross value o'
estate e4&eeds ;991 O00 or
e4&eeds <991 00
3ross value6 assessed value o' (ro(erty o'
de&eased e'ore dedu&tion -NOT mar1et
value/
?" In all a&tions involvin) t#e &ontra&t
o' marria)e and marital relations
7" In all &ases not wit#in t#e e4&lusive
.urisdi&tion o' any &ourt* triunal*
(erson or ody e4er&isin)
.urisdi&tion o' any &ourt* triunal*
(erson or ody e4er&isin) .udi&ial
or Auasi .udi&ial 'un&tions
-re'er to :986A elow/
7
=" In all &ivil a&tions and s(e&ial
(ro&eedin)s 'allin) wit#in E4&lusive
ori)inal .urisdi&tion o' a >uvenile
and Domesti& Relations Court and
o' t#e Court o' A)rarian Relations
as now (rovided y law
:" In all ot#er &ases in w#i&# t#e
demand* e4&lusive o' interest*
dama)es o' w#atever 1ind*
attorneyFs 'ees* liti)ation e4(enses*
and &osts or t#e value o' (ro(erty
in &ontroversy e4&eeds ;991 O00
or e4&eeds <991 00
5::? %ar6 3ross value is 8991* (ro(erty
lo&ated in Pam(an)a" G#at is t#e
.urisdi&tion and venueK
0TC o' t#e (la&e o' de&edentFs a&tual
residen&e at t#e time o' #is deat#* i' a
resident o' t#e P#ili((ines" I' a non
resident* t#en t#e 0TC o' t#e (la&e w#ere
#is estate is lo&ated"
-RA=7:: SC"8 as amended y PD:986A/6
e4&lusive and ori)inal .urisdi&tion o' t#e
RTC to #ear and de&ide 'ollowin) &ases!
5" Cases involvin) devi&es or
s&#emes em(loyed y or any a&ts
o' t#e oard o' dire&tors* usiness
asso&iates* its oE&es or
(artners#i(* amountin) to 'raud or
misre(resentation w#i&# may e
interest o' t#e (uli& andIor o' t#e
sto&1#olders* (artners* memers o'
asso&iations or or)ani$ations
re)istered wit# t#e Commission
8" Controversies arisin) out o'
intra&or(orate or (artners#i(
relations* etween and amon)
sto&1#olders* memers or
asso&iates* etween any and all o'
t#em and t#e &or(oration*
(artners#i(* or asso&iation o' w#i&#
t#ey are sto&1#olders* memers or
asso&iates res(e&tively* and
etween su&# &or(oration*
(artners#i( or asso&iation and t#e
state inso'ar as it &on&erns t#eir
individual 'ran&#ise or ri)#t to e4ist
as su&# entity
;" Controversies in ele&tion or
a((ointment o' dire&tors* trustees*
oE&ers or mana)ers o' su&#
&or(orations* (artners#i(s* or
asso&iations
<" Petitions o' &or(orations*
(artners#i(s or asso&iations to e
de&lared in t#e state o' sus(ension
o' (ayments* in &ases w#ere t#e
&or(oration* (artners#i( or
asso&iation (ossesses suE&ient
(ro(erty to &over all its dets ut
'oresees t#e im(ossiility o'
meetin) t#em w#en t#e
res(e&tively 'all due or in &ases
w#ere t#e &or(oration* (artners#i(
or asso&iation #as no suE&ient
assets to &over its liailities* ut is
under mana)ement o' a
re#ailitation re&eiver or
mana)ement &ommittee
Con%u$$ent O$i4inal :u$isdi%tion!
Git# SC* CA* 66 over (etitions 'or &ertiorari*
mandamus* (ro#iition* Auo warranto*
#aeas &or(us
A33ellate :u$isdi%tion!
Over all &ases de&ided y 0TCs* 0uTCs*
0CTCs in t#eir res(e&tive territorial
.urisdi&tions
MTC
-note! ali)tarin an) RTC .urisdi&tion*
elow 896C9* ;996<99/
Ordinary Civil A&tions!
5" e4&lusive ori)inal .urisdi&tion over
&ivil a&tions and (roate
(ro&eedin)s* testate and intestate*
in&ludin) )rant o' (rovisional
remedies in (ro(er &ases* w#ere
t#e value o' t#e (ersonal (ro(erty*
estate or amount o' t#e demand
does not e4&eed ;991 O00 or
<991 00 e4&lusive o' interest*
dama)es* o' w#atever 1ind* AF*
liti)ation e4(enses and &osts* t#e
amount o' w#i&# must e
s(e&i+&ally alle)ed" Provided* t#at
interest* dama)es o' w#atever
1ind* AF* liti)ation e4(enses* and
&osts s#all e in&luded in t#e
=
determination o' t#e +lin) 'ees"
Provided 'urt#er t#at w#ere t#ere
are several &laims or &auses o'
a&tions etween t#e same or
di,erent (arties* emodied in t#e
same &om(laint* t#e amount o'
demand s#all e t#e totality o' t#e
&laims in all t#e &auses o' a&tion*
irres(e&tive o' w#et#er t#e &ause
o' a&tion arose out o' same or
di,erent transa&tions
8" e4&lusive ori)inal .urisdi&tion over
&ases o' 'or&ile entry or unlaw'ul
detainer* (rovided t#at w#en* in
su&# &ases* de'endant raises
Auestions o' owners#i( in #is
(leadin)s and t#e Auestion o'
(ossession &annot e resolved
wit#out de&idin) t#e issue o'
owners#i(* t#e issue o' owners#i(
s#all e resolved only to determine
t#e issue o' (ossession -see!
Summary Pro&edure/
;" e4&lusive ori)inal .urisdi&tion in all
&ivil a&tions involvin) title to or
(ossession o' (ro(erty or any
interest t#erein w#ere assessed
value o' (ro(erty or interest t#erein
does not e4&eed 891 O00 or does
not e4&eed C91 00 e4&lusive o'
interest* dama)es o' w#atever
1ind* AF* liti)ation e4(enses* &osts"
Provided t#at in &ases o' land not
de&lared 'or ta4ation (ur(oses* t#e
value o' su&# (ro(erty s#all e
determined y assessed value o'
ad.a&ent lots
<" &ivil &ases w#ere t#e demand does
not e4&eed ;991 or not more t#an
<991 00
C" over a&tions involvin) (ersonal
(ro(erty valued at not more t#an
;991 O00 or not more t#an <991
00
?" admiralty and maritime &ases
w#ere t#e demand or &laim does
not e4&eed ;991 O00 or does not
e4&eed <991 00
Summary Pro&edure!
5" All &ases o' FE and UD* irres(e&tive
o' t#e amount o' dama)es or
un(aid rentals sou)#t to e
re&overed" G#ere AF are awarded*
t#e same s#all not e4&eed 891
8" All ot#er &ivil &ases* e4&e(t (roate
(ro&eedin)s* w#ere t#e total
amount o' t#e (lainti,Fs &laim does
not e4&eed 5991 O00 or 8991 00
e4&lusive o' interests and &osts -as
amended y A0 86556:6SC/
;" Civil &ases not #i)#er t#an 59916
Su.e&t to t#e Rule on Small Claims
"#at i2 4umitna& '+08&
2i)#er t#an 5991 O00* t#en su.e&t to
Re)ular Pro&eedin)s in 0TC
%UT* elow 8991 00* #en&e* in su&# &ase*
su.e&t to Summary Pro&edure (a rin
"#5 t#e need to dis%uss @u$isdi%tion&
To 1now w#et#er su.e&t to 0otion to
Dismiss -Rule S5/* t#at t#e &ourt #as no
.urisdi&tion over t#e su.e&t matter o' t#e
&ase
In Civil P$o%edu$e* SC6CA6RTC60TC
In C$iminal P$o%edu$e* SC6CA6
SANDI3AN%ALAN6RTC60TC
Commen%ement o a Civil A%tion!
R5 SC
Civil a&tion is &ommen&ed y t#e +lin) o'
t#e ori)inal &om(laint in &ourt and
(ayment o' t#e reAuisite do&1et 'ees" I'
an additional de'endant is im(leaded in a
later (leadin)* t#e a&tion is &ommen&ed
wit# re)ard to #im on t#e date o' +lin) o'
su&# later (leadin)* irres(e&tive o'
w#et#er t#e motion 'or its admission* i'
ne&essary* is denied y t#e &ourt"
DOC@ET FEES6 needed to a&Auire
.urisdi&tion over t#e &ase
:u$isdi%tion ove$ 3lainti1
:
%y +lin) o' ori)inal &om(laint in
&ourt (lus (ayment o' reAuisite
do&1et 'ees
:u$isdi%tion ove$ deendant
%y voluntary a((earan&e or servi&e
o' summons
:u$isdi%tion ove$ sub@e%t matte$
Con'erred y law
:u$isdi%tion ove$ t#e issue
Determined y alle)ations in t#e
&om(laint
:u$isdi%tion ove$ t#e $es
%y a&tual or &onstru&tive sei$ure o'
(ro(erty y way o' atta&#ment or
e4e&ution
A&tion* Cause o' A&tion* Ri)#t o' A&tion
-Sim(li+ed Version/
A%tion Cause o
A%tion
Ri4#t o
A%tion
Suit to
en'or&e
oneFs ri)#t
or 'or t#e
(revention
or redress o'
a wron)
A&t or
omission y
w#i&# a
(arty
violates a
ri)#t o'
anot#er
Remedial
ri)#t to +le a
suit ased
on &ause o'
a&tion
Ori)inal Distin&tions!
A%tion Cause o
A%tion
Ri4#t o
A%tion
Suit +led in
&ourt 'or
en'or&emem
t or
(rote&tion o'
a ri)#t* or
t#e
(revention
or redress o'
A&t or
omission y
w#i&# a
(arty violate
a ri)#t o'
anot#er -R8
S8/
Remdial
ri)#t or ri)#t
to relie'
)ranted y
law to a
(arty to
institute an
a&tion
a)ainst a
a wron) -R5
S;/
(erson w#o
#as
&ommitted
deli&t or
wron)
a)ainst #im
Reason 'or
t#e a&tion
Remedy or
means
a,orded or
t#e
&onseAuent
relie'
Formal
statement o'
o(erative
'a&ts t#at
)ive rise to
a remedial
ri)#t
Remedial
ri)#t )iven
to a (erson
e&ause o'
o&&urren&e
o' t#e
alle)ed 'a&ts
0atter o'
(ro&edure
and
de(ends on
t#e
(leadin)s
+led y t#e
(arties
A matter o'
ri)#t and
de(ends on
sustantive
law
Not a,e&ted
y
aErmative
de'enses
-'raud*
(res&ri(tion*
esto((el*
et&/
A,e&ted y
aErmative
de'enses
Ainds o a%tions!
5
ST
3ROUP! 'or (ur(oses o' venue under
Rule <
Real A%tion
6 A&tions a,e&tin) title to or
(ossession o' real (ro(erty -A<5C
NCC in &onsideration/
6 Venue! R< S5
Pe$sonal A%tion
6 Involves (rivity o'
&ontra&tI(ersonal (ro(erty -A<5?6
<57 o' NCC in &onsideration/
6 Venue! R< S8
59
Mi>ed A%tion
6 A&tion a,e&tin) title to or
(ossession o' real (ro(erty M
Privity o' Contra&t
6 Venue! R< S5
8
ND
3ROUP! 'or (ur(oses o' determinin)
.urisdi&tionIservi&e o' summons
A%tion In Rem
6 A&tion w#i&# inds t#e w#ole world
Note! all S(e&ial Pro&eedin)s are in
rem a&tions
6 SummonsInoti+&ation y
PU%LICATION
A%tion in Pe$sonam
6 A&tion w#i&# inds t#e (arties
A%tion Buasi In Rem
6 A&tion w#i&# inds interests
o Fore&losure o' mort)a)e
o Partition
o Atta&#ment
o Any interest or lien on real
(ro(erty
A%tion in
$em
A%tion in
3e$sonam
A%tion
Buasi in
Rem
Dire&ted
a)ainst t#e
t#in) itsel'
Dire&ted
a)ainst
(arti&ular
(ersons
Dire&ted
a)ainst
(arti&ular
(ersons
>urisdi&tion
over (erson
o' de'endant
is not
reAuired
>urisdi&tion
over (erson
o' de'endant
is reAuired
>urisdi&tion
over t#e
(erson o'
t#e
de'endant is
not reAuired
as lon) as
.urisdi&tion
over t#e res
is a&Auired
A
(ro&eedin)
to determine
t#e state or
&ondition o'
a t#in)
An a&tion to
im(ose a
res(onsiilit
y or liaility
u(on a
(erson
A
(ro&eedin)
to su.e&t
t#e interest
o' a named
de'endant
dire&tly over a
(arti&ular
(ro(erty to
an oli)ation
or lien
urdenin) it
>ud)ment is
indin) on
t#e w#ole
world
>ud)ment is
ondin)
only u(on
t#e (arties
im(leaded
or t#eir
su&&essors
in interest
>ud)ment is
indin)
u(on
(arti&ular
(ersons
E4am(les!
Proate
(ro&eedin)*
&adastral
(ro&eedin)*
s(e&ial
(ro&eedin)s
E4am(les!
A&tion 'or
s(e&i+&
(er'orman&e
A&tion 'or
rea&# o'
&ontra&t
E4am(les!
A&tion 'or
(artition
A&tion to
'ore&lose
real estate
mort)a)e
Real A%tion Pe$sonal
A%tion
Mi>ed
A%tion
Owners#i(
or
(ossession
o' real
(ro(erty is
involved
Personal
(ro(erty is
sou)#t to e
re&overed or
w#ere
dama)es 'or
rea&# o'
&ontra&t are
sou)#t
%ot# real
and (ersonal
(ro(erties
are involved
Founded on
(rivy o' real
estate
Founded on
(rivity o'
&ontra&t
Founded on
ot#
Filed in t#e
&ourt w#ere
t#e (ro(erty
or any (art
t#ereo' is
situated -R<
S5/
Filed in t#e
&ourt w#ere
t#e (lainti,
or any o' t#e
(lainti,s
resides*
w#ere
de'endant or
any o' t#e
de'endants
Filed in t#e
&ourt w#ere
t#e (ro(erty
or any (art
t#ereo' is
situated -R<
S5/
55
resides* or in
&ase o' non
resident
de'endant*
w#ere #e
may e
'ound* at
ele&tion o'
(lainti, -R<
S8/
E4am(le!
A&&ion
reivindi&ator
ia
E4am(le!
A&tion 'or a
sum o'
money
E4am(le!
A&&ion
(uli&iana
wit# a &laim
'or dama)es
Pe$sonal A%tion A%tion in
3e$sonam
Personal (ro(erty is
sou)#t to e
re&overed or w#ere
dama)es 'or rea&#
o' &ontra&t are
sou)#t
An a&tion dire&ted
a)ainst (arti&ular
(ersons* may e
real a&tion* (ersonal
a&tion* mi4ed a&tion
Founded on (rivity
o' &ontra&t
Not ne&essarilyJ
e&ause t#e a&tion
may also e real or
mi4ed
Filed in &ourt w#ere
(lainti, or any o'
de'endants reside*
at o(tion o' (lainti,
-R< S8/
R< S5 or R< S8 may
)overn* de(endin)
on w#et#er t#e
a&tion is real a&tion
or (ersonal a&tion
Mi>ed A%tion Buasi In Rem
A%tion
%ot# real and
(ersonal (ro(erties
are involved
%ot# real and
(ersonal (ro(erties
may also e
involved
Founded on ot#
(rivity o' real estate
and (rivity o'
&ontra&t
A&tion dire&ted
a)ainst (arti&ular
(ersons* ut
.urisdi&tion over
de'endant is not
reAuired as lon) as
.urisdi&tion over t#e
res is a&Auired
Rules on venue o' Rules on (ersonal
real a&tions s#all
)overn -R< S5/
a&tions )overn -K/
Real A%tion In $em a%tion
Owners#i( or
(ossession o' real
(ro(erty is involved
A&tion dire&ted
a)ainst t#e t#in)
itsel'
Filed in &ourt w#ere
(ro(erty or (ortion
t#ereo' is situated
Not ne&essarilyJ
de(ends on w#et#er
t#e a&tion is real*
(ersonal* mi4ed
A (ro&eedin)
'ounded on (rivity
o' real estate
A (ro&eedin) to
determine state or
&ondition o' a t#in)
>ud)ment may ind
w#ole world* or
(arti&ular (ersons*
de(endin) on
w#et#er in rem* in
(ersonam* Auasi in
rem
>ud)ment is indin)
u(on t#e w#ole
world
PLEADIN; 6R, S'9
Sworn written statements o' t#e
res(e&tive &laims and de'enses o'
t#e (arties sumitted to t#e &ourt
'or a((ro(riate .ud)ment
Com3laint 6R, S*9
T#e &om(laint is t#e (leadin)
alle)in) t#e (lainti,Fs &ause or
&auses o' a&tion"
Answe$ 6R, S49
Pleadin) in w#i&# a de'endin) (arty
sets 'ort# #is de'enses
INITIATORC PLEADIN;
A (leadin) t#at initiates an a&tion
RESPONSIVE PLEADIN;
A (leadin) t#at res(onds to
alle)ations in t#e adverse (artyFs
(leadin)
58

Initiato$5 Pleadin4s
Ori)inal &om(laint
Permissive &ounter&laim
Cross &laim
T#ird (arty &om(laint
<
t#
(arty &om(laint
Com(laint in intervention
Petition
In s(e&ial &ivil a&tions
In s(e&ial (ro&eedin)s
Counter &ounter &laim
Counter &ross &laim
Counte$ Counte$
Claim
Counte$ C$oss
Claim
Any &laim w#i&#
de'endin) (arty in a
&ounter&laim may
#ave a)ainst t#e
ori)inal
&ounter&laimant
Any &laim w#i&# a
de'endin) (arty in a
&ross &laim may
#ave a)ainst t#e
ori)inal &ross
&laimant
CO0PULSORL6
Arises out o' or is
ne&essarily
&onne&ted wit# t#e
transa&tion or
o&&urren&e t#at is
t#e su.e&t matter
o' t#e o((osin)
(artyFs &laim
PER0ISSIVE6 does
not arise o' or is
ne&essarily
&onne&ted wit# t#e
transa&tion or
o&&urren&e t#at is
t#e su.e&t matter
o' t#e o((osin)
(artyFs &laim
Can e an initiatory
(leadin)* i'
(ermissive
Res3onsive Pleadin4s
Answer to ori)inal &om(laint
Answer to (ermissive &ounter&laim
Answer to t#ird (arty &om(laint
Answer to 'ourt# (arty &om(laint
Answer to &om(laint in intervention
Comment or o.e&tion to (etition
Com(ulsory &ounter&laim
Re(ly
Answer to &ounter &ounter &laim
Answer to &ounter &ross &laim
A motion IS NOT A PLEADIN3
A (osition (a(er IS NOT A PLEADIN3
A memorandum IS NOT A PLEADIN3
"#5&
0otion is an a((li&ation 'or relie' ot#er
t#an y a (leadin) -R5C S5/
Position Pa(er and 0emorandum only
narrate 'a&ts o' t#e &ase* issues* no &ause
o' a&tion* no de'enses* ut only &ontain
dis&ussions
Initiato$5
Pleadin4
Res3onsive
Pleadin4
A (leadin) t#at
initiates an a&tion
A (leadin) t#at
res(onds to
alle)ations in t#e
adverse (artyFs
(leadin)
Ori)inal
&om(laint
Permissive
&ounter&lai
m
Cross &laim
T#ird (arty
&om(laint
<
t#
(arty
&om(laint
Com(laint
in
interventio
n
Petition
In s(e&ial &ivil
a&tions
In s(e&ial
Answer to
ori)inal
&om(laint
Answer to
(ermissive
&ounter&laim
Answer to
t#ird (arty
&om(laint
Answer to
'ourt# (arty
&om(laint
Answer to
&om(laint in
intervention
Comment or
o.e&tion to
(etition
Com(ulsory
&ounter&laim
5;
(ro&eedin)s
Counter
&ounter
&laim
Counter
&ross &laim
Re(ly
Answer to
&ounter
&ounter &laim
Answer to
&ounter &ross
&laim
Need to e
veri+ed* wit#
&erti+&ation
a)ainst 'orum
s#o((in)* (lus
(ayment o'
do&1et 'ees
E4&e(t w#en
ot#erwise (rovided y
law or t#ese Rules*
need not e veri+ed
No need 'or
&erti+&ation a)ainst
'orum s#o((in)* and
not need 'or (ayment
o' do&1et 'ees -Note!
&om(ulsory
&ounter&laim* do&1et
'ees are sus(ended/
Instan&es w#en
veri+&ation is needed!
A&tionale
do&ument
Alle)ations o'
usury
Answer to
(ermissive
&ounter&laim
Su&&eedin)
(leadin)s in
s(e&ial
(ro&eedin)s
Com(laint6 a (leadin) alle)in) (lainti,Fs
&ause and &auses o' a&tion
?LO" O? CIVIL PROCEDURE
I( DARAN;AC CONCILIATION
PROCEEDIN;S
;ene$al Rule wit# $es3e%t to
Da$an4a5 Con%iliation P$o%eedin4s!
S<58* L3C
No &om(laint* (etition* a&tion or
(ro&eedin)s involvin) any matter wit#in
aut#ority o' t#e Lu(on s#all e +led or
instituted dire&tly or indire&tly in &ourt or
in any ot#er )overnment oE&e or
ad.udi&ation unless t#ere #as een a
&on'rontation etween t#e (arties e'ore
t#e Lu(on C#airman or t#e (an)1at* and
t#at no &on&iliation or settlement #as
een rea&e#ed as &erti+ed y lu(on or
(an)1at &#airman"
E>%e3tions to above $ule!
S<9=* L3C
5" w#ere one (arty is t#e )overnment
or any sudivision or
instrumentality t#ereo'
8" w#ere one (arty is a (uli& oE&er
or em(loyee* and t#e dis(ute
relates to (er'orman&e o' #is
oE&ial 'un&tions
o,enses (unis#ale y
im(risonment e4&eedin) 5 year or
a +ne e4&eedin) C1 (esos
;" o,enses w#ere t#ere is no (rivate
o,ended (arty
<" w#ere t#e dis(ute involves real
(ro(erties lo&ated in di,erent &ities
or muni&i(alities unless t#e (arties
t#ereto a)ree to sumit t#eir
di,eren&es to ami&ale settlement
y an a((ro(riate lu(on
C" dis(utes involvin) (arties w#o
a&tually reside in aran)ays o'
di,erent &ities or muni&i(alities*
e4&e(t w#ere su&# aran)ay units
ad.oin ea&# ot#er and t#e (arties
t#ereto a)ree to sumit t#eir
di,eren&es to ami&ale settlement
y an a((ro(riate lu(on
?" su&# ot#er &lasses o' dis(utes
w#i&# t#e President may determine
in t#e interest o' .usti&e
7" w#ere one o' t#e (arties is a
.uridi&al entity
5<
=" w#ere a&&used is under (oli&e
&ustody or detention
:" w#ere t#e (erson #as ot#erwise
een de(rived o' (ersonal lierty
&allin) 'or #aeas &or(us
(ro&eedin)
59" w#ere t#e a&tions are &ou(led wit#
(rovisional remedies su&# as
(reliminary in.un&tion* atta&#ment*
delivery o' (ersonal (ro(erty* and
su((ort (endent lite
w#ere t#e a&tion may ot#erwise e
arred y t#e statute o' limitations
55" in &ase o' laor dis(utes
58" a&tion to annul a .ud)ment u(on a
&om(romise
5;" CARL dis(utes
5<" Dis(utes involvin) traditions o' an
indi)enous &ultural &ommunity
Does t#e E>%lusive O$i4inal
:u$isdi%tion o t#e RTC on a%tions
involvin4 t#ose in%a3able o
3e%unia$5 estimation in%lude
3$ovisional $emedies as allin4 wit#in
t#e %ate4o$5&
No* e&ause (rovisional remedies are
merely an&illary to t#e main a&tion" T#e
&ate)ory o' a&tions in&a(ale o' (e&uniary
estimation re'ers only to main a&tions"
Pu$3ose o Da$an4a5 P$o%eedin4s!
Redu&e t#e numer o' liti)ations and
(revent t#e deterioration o' t#e Auality o'
.usti&e w#i&# #as een rou)#t aout y
indis&riminate +lin) o' &ases in t#e &ourts"
-Namora vs 2eirs o' I$Auierdo/
Venue o Da$an4a5 Con%iliation
P$o%eedin4s!
S<9:* L3C
Dis3utes between 3e$sons
a%tuall5 $esidin4 in t#e same
ba$an4a5 s#all e rou)#t 'or
ami&ale settlement e'ore t#e
lu(on o' said aran)ay
T#ose involvin4 a%tual
$esidents o di1e$ent
ba$an4a5s wit#in t#e same %it5
o$ muni3alit5 s#all e rou)#t in
t#e aran)ay w#ere t#e
res(ondent or any o' t#e
res(ondents a&tually resides* at t#e
ele&tion o' t#e &om(lainant
All dis3utes involvin4 $eal
3$o3e$t5 o$ an5 inte$est
t#e$ein s#all e rou)#t in t#e
aran)ay w#ere t#e real (ro(erty
or t#e lar)er (ortion t#ereo' is
situated
T#ose a$isin4 at t#e wo$83la%e
w#e$e t#e %ontendin4 3a$ties
a$e em3lo5ed o$ at t#e
institution w#e$e su%# 3a$ties
a$e en$olled o$ stud5* s#all e
rou)#t in t#e aran)ay w#ere
su&# wor1(la&e or institution is
lo&ated
Rules on a33ea$an%e beo$e Da$an4a5
P$o%eedin4s!
S<5C* L3C
In all 1atarun)an) (amaran)ay
(ro&eedin)s* t#e (arties must a((ear in
(erson wit#out t#e assistan&e o' &ounsel
or re(resentative* e4&e(t 'or minors and
in&om(etents w#o may e assisted y
t#eir ne4t o' 1in w#o are not lawyers"
E1e%t o Ami%able Settlement and
A$bit$ation Awa$d!
S<5?* L3C
T#e ami&ale settlement and aritration
award s#all #ave t#e 'or&e and e,e&t o' a
+nal .ud)ment o' a &ourt u(on t#e
e4(iration o' 59 days 'rom t#e date
t#ereo'* unless re(udiation o' t#e
settlement #as een made or a (etition to
nulli'y t#e award #as een +led e'ore t#e
(ro(er &ity or muni&i(al &ourt"
2owever* t#is (rovision s#all not a((ly to
&ourt &ases settled y t#e lu(on under last
(ara)ra(# o' S<9= o' t#is Code* in w#i&#
&ase t#e &om(romise settlement a)reed
u(on y t#e (arties e'ore t#e lu(on s#all
e sumitted to t#e &ourt and u(on
5C
a((roval t#ereo'* #ave t#e 'or&e and e,e&t
o' a .ud)ment o' said &ourt"
Rules on e>e%ution o @ud4ment in
Da$an4a5 P$o%eedin4s!
S<57* L3C
T#e ami&ale settlement or aritration
award may e en'or&ed y e4e&ution y
t#e lu(on wit#in ? mont#s 'rom t#e date o'
t#e settlement" A'ter t#e la(se o' su&#
time* t#e settlement may e en'or&ed y
a&tion in t#e a((ro(riate &ity or muni&i(al
&ourt"
Remedies o t#e 3a$ties in %ase o
ailu$e o ami%able settlement beo$e
t#e lu3on!
5" File t#e &ase e'ore t#e (ro(er
&ourt
8" Re(udiate t#e a)reement -S<5=*
L3C/
;" File a (etition e'ore t#e 0TC to
nulli'y t#e a)reement -asisK/
Remed5 in %ase o ailu$e to %om3l5
wit# Da$an4a5 Con%iliation!
As de'endant* +le a motion to dismiss
under R5? S5. on t#e )round t#at a
&ondition (re&edent #as not een
&om(lied wit#"
Motion to dismiss was 4$anted2
$emed5 o 3lainti1&
Re +le t#e &ase wit# t#e &erti+&ation o'
#avin) under)one %aran)ay &on&iliation
(ro&eedin)s* as t#e dismissal is wit#out
(re.udi&e"
Motion to dismiss was denied2
$emed5 o deendant&
R5? S< states t#at i' t#e motion is denied*
movant s#all +le #is answer wit#in t#e
alan&e o' t#e (eriod )ranted y Rule 55
to w#i&# #e was entitled at t#e time o'
servin) #is motion* ut not less t#an C
days in any event* &om(uted 'rom #is
re&ei(t o' t#e noti&e o' t#e denial"
Pro&eed wit# t#e trial* and w#en t#e
de&ision is adverse* +le an a((eal raisin)
as error t#e )round 'or denial o' t#e
motion to dismiss" G#en t#e denial is
tainted wit# )rave ause o' dis&retion
amountin) to la&1 or e4&ess o' .urisdi&tion*
+le (etition 'or &ertiorari under Rule ?C"
** In between Barangay conciliation
and fling of complaint, if real
property is involved, plaintif can fle
adverse claim over the property, or
can fle notice of lis pendens
Noti%e o Lis Pendens
6 Ouyer ewareP
6 Noti&e to uyer o' e4isten&e o' an
adverse &laim
o It is not a (leadin)
o T#ere is need to re)ister it
wit# t#e re)ister o' deeds
II( COMPLAINT
Com3laint 6R, S*9
&auses o' a&tion"
Unde$4one Da$an4a5
Con%iliation P$o%eedin4s
NOTE! I' t#e &ase under)one %aran)ay
&on&iliation (ro&eedin)s +rst* t#ere must
e a s(e&i+& alle)ation in t#e &om(laint
t#at t#ere is &om(lian&e wit# %aran)ay
Con&iliation (ro&eedin)s
Pa) wala* (atay -K/6 08D S5. OR amend
t#e &om(laint -K/
:u$isdi%tion
IF* &ourt #as no .urisdi&tion* 08D R5? S5
-im(ortan&e o' 1nowin) %P58: as
amended y RA7?:5 Rules on >urisdi&tion/
3ranted6 Re+le
Denied6 State R5? S< -yun) %UON3
SA3OT na 3usto ni %oss Atty Tan/
Summary Pro&edure!
5?
Cases &overed!
5" All &ases o' FE and UD* irres(e&tive
o' t#e amount o' dama)es or
un(aid rentals sou)#t to e
re&overed" G#ere AF are awarded*
t#e same s#all not e4&eed 891
8" All ot#er &ivil &ases* e4&e(t (roate
(ro&eedin)s* w#ere t#e total
amount o' t#e (lainti,Fs &laim does
not e4&eed 5991 O00 or 8991 00
e4&lusive o' interests and &osts -as
amended y A0 86556:6SC/
;" Civil &ases not #i)#er t#an 59916
Su.e&t to t#e Rule on Small Claims
3ENERAL RULE on Summary Pro&edure!
No 0otion to Dismiss is allowed
-Pro#iited Pleadin)/
EQCEPT!
5" La&1 o' .urisdi&tion over t#e su.e&t
matter o' t#e &laim
8" La&1 o' .urisdi&tion over t#e (erson
o' t#e de'endant
;" Failure to &om(ly wit# %aran)ay
Con&iliation Pro&eedin)s
2OGEVER* wit# res(e&t to S0ALL CLAI0S
CASES*
A%SOLUTE RULE! motion to dismiss is not
allowed
Reason! de'eats t#e (ur(ose o' Small
Claims Pro&eedin)s
Venue
6 Can e su.e&t to sti(ulation o' t#e
(arties
State! Rules on venue
R< S5
A&tions a,e&tin) title to or (ossession o'
real (ro(erty or interest t#erein s#all e
&ommen&ed and tried in t#e (ro(er &ourt
w#i&# #as .urisdi&tion over t#e area
w#erein t#e real (ro(erty involved or a
(ortion t#ereo' is situated"
For&ile entry and unlaw'ul detainer
a&tions s#all e &ommen&ed and tried in
t#e 0TC o' t#e muni&i(ality or &ity w#erein
t#e real (ro(erty involved or a (ortion
t#ereo' is situated"
R< S8
All ot#er a&tions may e &ommen&ed and
tried w#ere t#e (lainti, or any o' t#e
(rin&i(al (lainti,s resides* w#ere t#e
de'endant or any o' t#e de'endants
resides* or in &ase o' a non resident
de'endant #e may e 'ound at t#e ele&tion
o' t#e (lainti,"
R< S;
I' any o' t#e de'endants does not reside
and is not 'ound in t#e P#ili((ines* and t#e
a&tion a,e&ts t#e (ersonal status o' t#e
(lainti, or any (ro(erty o' said de'endant
lo&ated in t#e P#ili((ines* t#e a&tion may
e &ommen&ed and tried in t#e &ourt o'
t#e (la&e w#ere t#e (lainti, resides* or
w#ere t#e (ro(erty or any (ortion t#ereo'
is situated or 'ound
EECLUSIVITC O? VENUE6 NOTE! Rule <
SFALL NOT APPLL""" i'
R< S<
5" T#e (arties #ave validly a)reed in
writin)
8" T#e a)reement in writin) was
made e'ore t#e +lin) o' t#e a&tion
;" E4&lusive venue is sti(ulated
Atty TanFs &omment!
Rule 4 of the Rules of Court did not
provide for MAY, but SHALL
Suppose, Real propert is sub!e"t of
dispute #real a"tion$% A lives in &asa, '
lives in Manila, the real propert is lo"ated
in (avao% )ollo*in+ Rule 4 S,, the suit
should be -led in (avao, bein+ the pla"e
*here the propert or portion thereof is
situated% Ho*ever, the parties "an
e."lusivel a+ree that the venue "an be
-led in 'a+uio, provided that the
re/uisites of R4 S4 as to e."lusivit of
venue are "o0plied *ith
So, it 0eans that Rule 4 S, "an be the
sub!e"t of a+ree0ent, and that the suit
"an be -led so0e*here else other than
*hat S, provides1 #&aran+ o2 lan+ sana
57
2un+ "on"ern e personal a"tion under R4
S34 "an be sub!e"t of a+ree0ent, pero
venue of R5AL AC6789 CA9 '5 S:';5C6
8) A<R55M5961= Labo ata%%%$
See0s there is a loophole in Rule 4
I t#e venue is 3e$missive2
T#en t#e venue is in addition to t#e
rules on venue
A%tion was Gled in t#e w$on4 venue!
I will +le motion to dismiss under R5? S5&
on t#e )round t#at t#e venue is
im(ro(erly laid
T#e motion was 4$anted 6%ou$t issues
not a @ud4ment but an ORDER9(
Counsel o$ 3lainti1( Remed5&
I will re+le t#e &ase in t#e &ourt o' t#e
(ro(er venue* e&ause t#e order o'
dismissal is wit#out (re.udi&e -R5?/"
EQCEPT! i' t#ere e4ists )rave ause o'
dis&retion amountin) to la&1 or e4&ess o'
.urisdi&tion* Certiorari Rule ?C is t#e
(ro(er remedy
Motion to dismiss was denied(
Remed5 o$ deendant&
Rule 5? S<
File an answer wit#in t#e alan&e o' t#e
(eriod (res&ried y Rule 55 to w#i&# #e
was entitled at t#e time o' servin) #is
motion ut not less t#an C days in any
event* &om(uted 'rom #is re&eivin) o'
noti&e o' denial" T#en* )o to trial" G#en
t#e de&ision is adverse* +le an a((eal
raisin) as error t#e denial o' t#e motion to
dismiss" I' t#e denial o' t#e motion is
tainted wit# )rave ause o' dis&retion
+le (etition 'or &ertiorari under Rule ?C"
0otion to dismiss on t#e )round o'
im(ro(er venue IS A PRO2I%ITED
PLEADIN3 under t#e Rules on Summary
Pro&edure* and more so in Small Claims
Remedy! raise t#e )round as an
aErmative de'ense
Pa$ties
-R; S5/
Only natural or .uridi&al (ersons* or
entities aut#ori$ed y law may e (arties
in a &ivil a&tion" T#e term (lainti, may
re'er to t#e &laimin) (arty* t#e
&ounter&laimant* &ross &laimant* or t#e ;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty (lainti," T#e term de'endant
may re'er to t#e ori)inal de'endin) (arty*
t#e de'endant in t#e &ounter&laim* t#e
&ross de'endant* or t#e ;
rd
<t# et& (arty
de'endant"
Plainti1 in%ludes!
6 Counter &ounter&laimant
6 Counter &ross &laimant
Deendant in%ludes!
6 De'endant in &ounter &ounter&laim
6 De'endant in &ounter &ross &laim
6 An unwillin) &o (lainti, or one w#o
s#ould e .oined as (lainti, ut
re'uses to )ive &onsent t#ereto -R;
S59/
6 A (erson ne&essary to a &om(lete
determination or settlement o' t#e
Auestions involved t#erein
Plainti1
A (erson #avin) an interest in t#e
matter o' t#e a&tion or in otainin)
t#e relie' demanded
Deendant
A (erson &laimin) an interest in t#e
&ontroversy or t#e su.e&t t#ereo'
adverse to t#e (lainti,
*
$d
3a$t5 3lainti1
A de'endin) (arty w#o may wit#
leave o' &ourt +le a)ainst a t#ird
(erson not (arty to t#e a&tion
&alled t#e ;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty
de'endant a &laim 'or &ontriution*
indemnity* suro)ation* or any
ot#er relie' in res(e&t o' #is
o((onentFs &laim -R? S55/
5=
C$oss Claimant
A (arty to an ori)inal a&tion w#o
#as a &laim a)ainst a &o (arty
arisin) out o' t#e transa&tion or
o&&urren&e t#at is t#e su.e&t
matter eit#er o' t#e ori)inal a&tion
or o' a &ounter&laim t#erein -R? S=/
Real Pa$t5 In Inte$est
A real (arty in interest is t#e (arty
w#o stands to e ene+ted or
in.ured y t#e .ud)ment in t#e suit*
or t#e (arty entitled to t#e avails o'
t#e suit" Unless ot#erwise (rovided
y law or t#ese rules* every a&tion
must e (rose&uted or de'ended in
t#e name o' t#e real (arty in
interest-R; S8/
Indis3ensable Pa$t5
An indis(ensale (arty is a (arty in
interest wit#out w#om no +nal
determination &an e #ad o' an
a&tion w#o s#all e .oined eit#er as
(lainti, or de'endant -R; S7/
Ne%essa$5 Pa$t5
A ne&essary (arty is a (arty w#o is
not indis(ensale ut w#o ou)#t to
e .oined as a (arty i' &om(lete
relie' is to e a&&orded as to t#ose
already (arties* or 'or a &om(lete
determination or settlement o' t#e
&laim su.e&t o' t#e a&tion -R; S=/
"#o is a 3$o3e$ 3a$t5&
A (ro(er Party is t#e same as a ne&essary
(arty* a (arty w#o is not indis(ensale ut
w#o is ou)#t to e .oined as a (arty i'
&om(lete relie' is to e a&&orded as to
t#ose already (arties* or 'or a &om(lete
determination or settlement o' t#e &laim
su.e&t o' t#e a&tion -R; S=/
Party t#ose (resen&e is ne&essary to
ad.udi&ate t#e w#ole &ontroversy* ut
t#ose w#ose interests are so 'ar se(arale
t#at +nal de&ree &an e made in t#eir
asen&e wit#out a,e&tin) t#em
-Duisumin) vs CA 3R :;;;C :I5;I5::9/
Re3$esentative 3a$t5
R; S;
Party a&tin) in a +du&iary &a(a&ity" T#e
ene+&iary s#all e in&luded in t#e title o'
t#e &ase and s#all e deemed to e t#e
real (arty in interest" It may e!
6 Trustee o' an e4(ress trust
6 3uardian
6 E4e&utor
6 Administrator
6 A (arty aut#ori$ed y law or t#ese
rules
o -a)ent a&tin) in #is own
name and 'or t#e ene+t o'
an undis&losed (rin&i(al
may sue or e sued wit#out
.oinin) t#e (rin&i(al e4&e(t
w#en t#e &ontra&t involves
t#in)s elon)in) to t#e
(rin&i(al/
P$o ?o$ma Pa$t5
Parties w#o are reAuired to e .oined as &o
(arties in suits y or a)ainst anot#er (arty
as may e (rovided y t#e a((li&ale
sustantive law or (ro&edural rule
EQA0PLE! S(ouses6 #usand and wi'e
s#all sue or e sued .ointly* e4&e(t as
(rovided y law -R; S</
Buasi Pa$t5
Parties in w#ose e#al' a &lass or
re(resentative suit is rou)#t
Not a real (arty in interest! RemedyK
0OTION TO DIS0ISS on t#e )round o'
'ailure to state &ause o' a&tion
3ranted6 re+le
Denied!
I will +le an answer wit#in t#e alan&e o'
t#e (eriod (res&ried y Rule 55 to w#i&# i
am entitled at t#e time o' servin) my
motion* ut not less t#an C days in any
5:
event* &om(uted 'rom my re&ei(t o' noti&e
o' denial" T#en* (ro&eed wit# t#e trial" In
&ase o' adverse de&ision I will a((eal t#e
.ud)ment and assi)n as error t#e denial o'
t#e motion to dismiss"
2owever* i' t#e denial is tainted wit# 3AD
t#en I will +le (etition 'or &ertiorari under
Rule ?C"
:OINDER O? PARTIES
ReHuisites!
5" Ri)#t to relie' arises out o' t#e
same transa&tion or series o'
transa&tions
8" >urisdi&tion over (lainti,s and
de'endants &an e otained
;" T#ere is Auestion o' law or 'a&t
&ommon to all (lainti,s or
de'endants
<" Su&# .oinder is not ot#erwise
(ros&ried y t#e (rovisions o' t#e
rules on .urisdi&tion and venue
R; S?
All (ersons in w#om or a)ainst w#om any
ri)#t to relie' in res(e&t to or arisin) out o'
t#e same or series o' transa&tions is
alle)ed to e4ist* eit#er .ointly* severally* or
in t#e alternative* may* e4&e(t as
ot#erwise (rovided in t#ese rules* .oin as
(lainti,s or e .oined as de'endants in one
&om(laint* w#ere any Auestion o' law or
'a&t &ommon to all su&# (lainti,s or to all
su&# de'endants may arise in t#e a&tionJ
ut t#e &ourt may ma1e su&# orders as
may e .ust to (revent any (lainti, or
de'endant 'rom ein) emarrassed or (ut
to e4(ense in &onne&tion wit# any
(ro&eedin)s in w#i&# #e may #ave no
interest"
Non .oinderI0is.oinder o' (arties6 not a
)round 'or motion to dismiss
IF so* remedy!
Amendment o' t#e (leadin) -Rule ; in
relation to Rule 59
Cause o A%tion
A&t or omission y w#i&# a (arty
violates a ri)#t o' anot#er -R8 S8/
"#at a$e t#e elements o a %ause o
a%tion&
5" Plainti, e4er&ises a le)al ri)#t
8" Correlative oli)ation t#e (art o'
de'endant to res(e&t (lainti,Fs
le)al ri)#t
;" De'endant violates (lainti,Fs le)al
ri)#t in a manner &ontrary to law*
morals* )ood &ustoms* (uli&
order* (uli& (oli&y
HSTATE ALL CAUSES OF ACTION in t#e
PLEADIN3R
IF NOT* remedy!
08D R5? S5)6 'ailure to state &ause o'
a&tion
3RANTED! re+leJ amend (leadin)
Denied!
Rule ?C"
:oinde$ o Causes o A%tion 6R) S+9
A (arty may in one (leadin) assert* in t#e
alternative or ot#erwise* as many &auses
o' a&tion as #e may #ave a)ainst an
o((osin) (arty* su.e&t to t#e 'ollowin)
&onditions!
A" T#at t#e (arty .oinin) t#e &auses o'
a&tion s#all &om(ly wit# t#e rules
on .oinder o' (arties
%" T#e .oinder s#all not in&lude s(e&ial
&ivil a&tions and a&tions )overned
y S(e&ial Rules
89
S(e&ial Civil A&tions!
5" Inter(leader -R?8/
8" De&laratory Relie' -R?;/
;" Review o' >ud)ments and Final
orders or resolutions o' CO0ELEC*
CoA -R?</
<" Certiorari* Pro#iition* 0andamus
-R?C/
C" Duo Garranto -R??/
?" E4(ro(riation -R?7/
7" Fore&losure o' Real Estate
0ort)a)e -R?=/
=" Partition -R?:/
:" For&ile Entry and Unlaw'ul
Detainer -R79/
59" Contem(t -R75/
INCLUDES! SPECIAL PROCEEDIN3S
-SE3TAR22CV>CDC M/
Sum o' money M Fore&losure o' 0ort)a)e
S CANNOT %E >OINEDR -latter is a s(e&ial
&ivil a&tion/
2en&e* sue in alternative I eit#er or
C" G#ere t#e &laims (ertain to
di,erent venues or .urisdi&tions*
t#e .oinder s#all e allowed in t#e
RTC (rovided t#at it 'alls wit#in t#e
.urisdi&tion o' said &ourt and t#e
venue lies t#erein
D" G#ere t#e &laims in all &auses o'
a&tion are (rin&i(ally 'or re&overy
o' money* t#e a))re)ate amount
&laimed s#all e t#e test o'
.urisdi&tion
I 5ou a$e %ounsel o$ 3lainti12 and
t#e %auses o a%tion a$e not @oined2
$emed5&
File a motion to amend t#e &om(laint -as a
matter or ri)#t e'ore a res(onsive
(leadin) is +led* or wit# leave o' &ourt
a'ter a res(onsive (leadin) is +led i' t#e
amendment is sustantialB2ere* di 1o
alam 1un) sustantial to"""/ T R59 S8 and ;
S3littin4 a Sin4le Cause o A%tion!
It is t#e a&t o' dividin) or indivisile
&ause o' a&tion into several &auses
o' a&tions and rin)in) several
a&tions t#ereon
R8 S;
A (arty may not institute more t#an one
suit 'or a sin)le &ause o' a&tion
R8 S<
I' 8 or more suits are instituted on t#e
asis o' t#e same &ause o' a&tion* t#e
+lin) o' one or a .ud)ment u(on t#e merits
in any one is availale as a )round 'or
dismissal o' t#e ot#ers"
Su33osin42 t#e 3lainti1 s3lit a sin4le
%ause o a%tion2 $emed5&
As de'endant* I will +le a motion to dismiss
on t#e )round o' litis (enden&ia or res
.udi&ata -R5? S5 e or '/
3RANTED* remedy! APPEAL -dismissal is
wit# (re.udi&e/
DENIED!
Rule ?C"
PLEADIN; < PARTS O? A
PLEADIN;
Rule 7 S5
T#e %a3tion sets 'ort#!
a" Name o' t#e &ourt
" Title o' t#e a&tion
&" Do&1et numer i' assi)ned
T#e title o' t#e a&tion indi&ates t#e names
o' t#e (arties" T#ey s#all e named in t#e
ori)inal &om(laint or (etition" %ut in
suseAuent (leadin)s* it s#all e suE&ient
i' t#e name o' t#e +rst (arty on ea&# side
e stated wit# an a((ro(riate indi&ation
85
w#en t#ere are ot#er (arties" T#eir
res(e&tive (arti&i(ation in t#e &ase s#all
e indi&ated"
R7 S8
T#e bod5 o t#e 3leadin4 s#all set 'ort#
its!
5" Desi)nation
8" Alle)ation o' t#e &laims or de'enses
;" Relie' (rayed 'or
<" Date o' t#e (leadin)
Pa$a4$a3#
T#e alle)ations in t#e ody o' a (leadin)
s#all e divided into (ara)ra(#s so
numered as to e readily identi+ed ea&#
o' w#i&# s#all &ontain a statement o' a
sin)le a&t o' &ir&umstan&es so 'ar as &an
e done wit# &onvenien&e"
A (ara)ra(# may e re'erred to y its
numer in all su&&eedin) (leadin)s"
Feadin4s
G#en 8 or more &auses o' a&tion are
.oined* t#e statement o' t#e +rst s#all e
(re'a&ed y t#e words +rst &ause o'
a&tion* o' t#e se&ond y se&ond &ause o'
a&tion and so on 'or t#e ot#ers"
G#en one or more (ara)ra(#s in t#e
answer are addressed to one o' several
&auses o' a&tion in t#e &om(laint* t#ey
s#all e (re'a&ed y t#e words answer to
t#e se&ond &ause o' a&tion or answer to
t#e se&ond &ause o' a&tion and so onJ and
w#en one or more (ara)ra(#s are
addressed to several &auses o' a&tion*
t#ey s#all e (re'a&ed y words to t#at
e,e&t"
Relie
T#e (leadin) s#all s(e&i'y t#e relie'
sou)#t* ut it may add a )eneral (rayer
'or su&# 'urt#er or ot#er relie' as may e
deemed .ust and eAuitale"
Date
Every (leadin) s#all e dated
R7 S;
Every (leadin) must e si4ned b5 t#e
3a$t5 o$ %ounsel re(resentin) #im
statin) in eit#er &ase #is address w#i&#
s#ould not e a (ost oE&e o4" T#e
si)nature o' &ounsel &onstitutes a
&erti+&ation y #im t#at
5" #e #as read t#e (leadin)*
8" t#at to t#e est o' #is 1nowled)e*
in'ormation or elie' t#ere is )ood
)round to su((ort it* and
;" t#at it is not inter(osed 'or delay
An unsi)ned (leadin) (rodu&es no le)al
e,e&t
2owever* t#e &ourt may* in its dis&retion*
allow su&# de+&ien&y to e remedied i' it
a((ear t#at t#e same was due to mere
inadverten&e and not intended 'or delay"
5" Counsel w#o delierately +les
unsi)ned (leadin)
8" Si)ns a (leadin) in violation o'
t#ese rule*
;" or alle)es s&andalous or inde&ent
matter t#erein*
<" Or 'ails to (rom(tly re(ort to t#e
&ourt a &#an)e o' #is address* s#all
e su.e&t to a((ro(riate
dis&i(linary a&tion
R7 S<
E4&e(t w#en ot#erwise s(e&i+&ally
reAuired y law or rule* (leadin)s need
not e under oat#* ve$iGed* or
a%%om3anied y aEdavit"
A (leadin) is ve$iGed y an aEdavit t#at
5" t#e aEant #as read t#e (leadin)
8" t#at t#e alle)ations t#erein are true
and &orre&t o' #is (ersonal
1nowled)e or ased on aut#enti&
re&ords
A (leadin) reAuired to e veri+ed w#i&#
&ontains a veri+&ation ased
5" on in'ormation and elie' or
8" u(on 1nowled)e* in'ormation and
elie'
;" or la&1s a (ro(er veri+&ation
s#all e treated as an unsi)ned (leadin)
Is a @u$at a 3a$t o a 3leadin4&
88
T#e )eneral rule is t#at (leadin)s need
not e veri+ed" 2owever* i' t#e law or t#e
Rules reAuire t#at a (leadin) e veri+ed*
veri+&ation is done y way o' aEdavit" In
an aEdavit* t#ere is a need 'or .urat to e
(resent" 2en&e* in a veri+ed (leadin)* a
.urat e&omes (art o' a (leadin)"
"#at a$e t#e 3leadin4s t#at need to
be ve$iGed&
Petition 'or relie' 'rom .ud)ment or
order -R;= S;/
Petition 'or review 'rom RTC to CA
-R<8 S5/
Petition 'or review 'rom CTA and A6.
a)en&ies to t#e CA -R<; SC/
A((eal y &ertiorari 'rom t#e CA to
SC -R<C S</
Petition 'or annulment o' .ud)ment
or +nal orders and resolutions -R<7
S</
Com(laint 'or in.un&tion -RC= S</
A((li&ation 'or a((ointment o'
re&eiver -RC: S5/
A((li&ation 'or su((ort (endent lite
-Rule ?5 S5/
-all initiatory (leadin)s/
Ori)inal Com(laint
Permissive Counter&laim
Cross Claim
;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty &om(laint
Petition
-all S(e&ial Civil A&tions/
Inter(leader -R?8/
De&laratory Relie' and Similar
Remedies -R?;/
Review o' >ud)ments and Final
Orders or
Resolutions o' CO0ELEC* CoA -R?</
Petitions 'or &ertiorari* (ro#iition*
mandamus -R?C/
Duo Garranto -R??/
E4(ro(riation -R?7/
Fore&losure o' Real Estate
0ort)a)e -Rule ?=/
Partition -R?:/
For&ile Entry and Unlaw'ul
Detainer -R79/
Contem(t -R75/
-all S(e&ial Pro&eedin)s/
Settlement o' Estate o' De&eased
-R7;6:9/
Es&#eat -R:5/
Petition 'or )uardians#i( o' minors
-A0 UU6UU6UU6SC/
Petition 'or )uardians#i( o'
in&om(etents -R:86:7/
Petition 'or &ustody o' minors in
relation to #aeas &or(us* A0 UU6UU6
UU6SC/
Trustees#i( -R:=/
Petition 'or Domesti& Ado(tion
-Domesti& Ado(tion A&t* /
Petition 'or inter &ountry ado(tion
-Inter Country Ado(tion A&t*
/
2aeas Cor(us -R598/
Grit o' Am(aro -
/
Grit o' 2aeas Data -
/
C#an)e o' Name -R59;/
Cleri&al Error A&t - /
Can&ellation or Corre&tion o'
Entries in t#e Civil Re)istry -R59=/
Voluntary Dissolution o'
Cor(orations -Cor(oration Code
/
>udi&ial A((roval o' Voluntary
Re&o)nition o' 0inor Natural
C#ildren -Family Code*
/
8;
Constitution o' t#e Family 2ome
-Family Code* /
De&laration o' Asen&e and
Presum(tive
Deat# -R597 in relation to Civil and
Family Code /
Petition 'or de&laration o' Nullity
and Annulment o' 0arria)e -
/
Petition 'or le)al se(aration -
/
Pleadin4s not $eHui$ed be ve$iGed in
t#e manne$ and o$m 3$es%$ibed b5
S4 o t#is Rule but t#e same must be
unde$ oat#!
Denial o' )enuineness and due
e4e&ution o' a&tionale do&ument
-R= S=/
Denial o' alle)ations o' usury -R=
S55/
0otion to set aside de'ault order
-R: S;/
Answer to written interro)atories
-R8C S8/
Answer to reAuest 'or admission
-R8? S8/
T#e ollowin4 3leadin4s o$ motion
wit# aIdavit o$ aIdavits o me$it!
0otion to (ost(one 'or asen&e o'
eviden&e -R;9 S;/
0otion to (ost(one 'or illness o' a
(arty or &ounsel -R;9 S</
0otion 'or summary .ud)ment or
o((osition t#ereto -R;C S5*8*;*C/
0otion 'or new trial on t#e )round
o' 'raud* a&&ident* mista1e* or
e4&usale ne)li)en&e or o((osition
t#ereto -r;7 S8/
Petition 'or relie' 'rom .ud)ment or
order -R;= S;/
T#ird (arty &laim -R;: S5?/
Proo' reAuired o' a redem(tioner
-R;: S;9/
0otion 'or (reliminary atta&#ment
-RC7 S;/
0otion 'or dissolution o'
(reliminary in.un&tion -RC= S?/
A((li&ation 'or writ o' re(levin -R?9
S8/
Claim a)ainst estate o' a de&edent
-R=? :/
0otion 'or new trial on t#e )round
o' newly dis&overed eviden&e in
&riminal &ases -R585 S</
Does t#e answe$ need to be ve$iGed&
As a )eneral rule* answers need not e
veri+ed* save 'or 'ollowin) instan&es!
Answer to alle)ations o' usury in a
&om(laint to re&over usurious
interests -R= S55/
G#en t#e answer is ased on an
a&tionale do&ument -R= S=/
Answer under t#e Revised Rules on
Summary Pro&edure
Answer in Small Claims Cases
I t#e 3leadin4 is not ve$iGed2 as
%ounsel o$ 3lainti12 $emed5&
File 'or .ud)ment on t#e (leadin)s under
Rule ;< S5* on t#e )round o' admission o'
material alle)ations o' t#e adverse (artyFs
(leadin)s" 3round is ased on t#e 'a&t
t#at an answer is +led* ut t#ere is no
)enuine issue e&ause t#e alle)ations are
deemed admitted"
R;< S5
3rounds 'or .ud)ment on t#e (leadin)s!
Answer 'ails to tender an issue
Answer admits t#e material
alle)ations o' t#e adverse (artyFs
(leadin)
"#o %an ve$i5 a 3leadin4&
A (arty need not si)n t#e veri+&ation"
8<
T#e ollowin4 ma5 si4n ve$iG%ation!
Party
PartyFs re(resentative
PartyFs Lawyer
Any (erson w#o (ersonally 1nows
t#e trut# o' t#e 'a&ts alle)ed in t#e
(leadin)
Fow about an aut#o$iJed
$e3$esentative& Can #e ve$i5&
Les* i' armed wit# (ro(er aut#ority 'rom
t#e (arty -T#rou)# SPAK/
R7 SC6 %e$tiG%ation a4ainst o$um
s#o33in4
Plainti, or (rin&i(al (arty s#all &erti'y
under oat# in t#e &om(laint or ot#er
initiatory (leadin) assistin) a &laim 'or
relie'* or in a sworn &erti+&ation anne4ed
t#ereto and simultaneously +led
t#erewit#*
5" t#at #e #as not t#ereto'ore
&ommen&ed any a&tion or +led any
&laim involvin) t#e same issues in
any &ourt* triunal or Auasi .udi&ial
a)en&y* and* to t#e est o' #is
1nowled)e* no su&# ot#er &laim or
a&tion is (endin) t#erein
8" i' t#ere is no su&# ot#er (endin)
a&tion or &laim* a &om(lete
statement o' t#e (resent status
t#ereo'
;" i' #e s#ould t#erea'ter learn t#at
t#e same or similar a&tion or &laim
is +led or is (endin)* #e s#all
re(ort t#at 'a&t wit#in C days
t#ere'rom to t#e &ourt w#ere #is
a'oresaid &om(laint or initiatory
(leadin) #as een +led
Failure to &om(ly wit# t#e 'ore)oin)
reAuirements s#all not e &urale y mere
amendment o' t#e &om(laint or (leadin)
ut s#all e &ause 'or dismissal o' t#e
&ase wit#out (re.udi&e* unless ot#erwise
(rovided* u(on motion and a'ter #earin)"
Sumission o' a 'alse &erti+&ation or non
&om(lian&e wit# any o' t#e underta1in)s
t#erein s#all &onstitute indire&t &ontem(t
o' &ourt wit#out (re.udi&e to
&orres(ondin) administrative and &riminal
a&tions"
I' a&ts o' (arty or &ounsel &learly
&onstitute wil'ul and delierate 'orum
s#o((in)* t#e same s#all e )round 'or
summary dismissal wit# (re.udi&e* dire&t
&ontem(t* and &ause 'or administrative
san&tions"
?o$um S#o33in4!
Forum s#o((in) is an a&t o' mal(ra&ti&e o'
+lin) multi(le suits in di,erent &ourts
eit#er simultaneously or su&&essively*
involvin) t#e same (arties* and as1in) t#e
&ourts to rule on t#e same or related
&auses andIor to )rant t#e same or
sustantially t#e same relie'
* wa5s o %ommittin4 o$um
s#o33in4!
Filin) multi(le &ases ased on t#e
same &ause o' a&tion and wit# t#e
same (rayer t#e (revious not
#avin) een resolved -litis
(enden&ia/
Filin) multi(le &ases ased on t#e
same &ause o' a&tion and wit# t#e
same (rayer* t#e (revious #avin)
een resolved wit# +nality -res
.udi&ata/
Filin) multi(le &ases ased on
same &auses o' a&tion ut wit#
di,erent (rayers -s(littin) &ause o'
a&tion on t#e )round o' litis
(enden&ia or res .udi&ata/
Pleadin4s $eHui$in4 %e$tiG%ation
a4ainst o$um s#o33in4!
Initiato$5 Pleadin4s
Ori)inal &om(laint
Permissive &ounter&laim
Cross &laim
;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty &om(laint
Petition
"#at is stated in %e$tiG%ation a4ainst
o$um s#o33in4!
8C
R7 SC
T#e (lainti, or (rin&i(al (arty s#all &erti'y
under oat# in t#e &om(laint or ot#er
initiatory (leadin) assertin) a &laim 'or
relie'* or in a sworn &erti+&ation anne4ed
t#ereto and simultaneously +led
t#erewit#!
5" T#at #e #as not t#ereto'ore
&ommen&ed any a&tion or +led any
&laim involvin) t#e same issues in
any &ourt* triunal or Auasi .udi&ial
a)en&y and* to t#e est o' #is
1nowled)e* no su&# ot#er a&tion or
&laim is (endin) t#erein
8" I' t#ere is su&# ot#er (endin) &laim
or a&tion* a &om(lete statement o'
t#e (resent status t#ereo'
;" I' #e s#ould t#erea'ter learn t#at
t#e same or similar a&tion or &laim
#as een +led or is (endin)* #e
s#all re(ort t#at 'a&t wit#in C days
t#ere'rom to t#e &ourt w#erein #is
a'oreseaid &om(laint or initiatory
(leadin) #as een +led
States t#e e1e%ts o! 6R- S+9
?ailu$e to atta%# %e$tiG%ation
a4ainst o$um s#o33in4
Failure to &om(ly wit# t#e 'ore)oin)
reAuirements s#all not e &urale y mere
amendment o' t#e &om(laint or (leadin)
ut s#all e &ause 'or dismissal o' t#e
&ase wit#out (re.udi&e* unless ot#erwise
(rovided* u(on motion and a'ter #earin)"
Remedy is +le motion to dismiss
R5? S5.* and i' )ranted* (lainti,Fs
remedy is to re+le t#e &ase wit#
t#e reAuired &erti+&ation* unless i'
de&lared y t#e &ourt as dismissal
wit# (re.udi&e* #en&e* remedy is
a((eal
Submission o a alse$
%e$tiG%ation o$ non %om3lian%e
o an5 o t#e unde$ta8in4s
t#e$ein
Sumission o' a 'alse &erti+&ation or non
&om(lian&e o' any o' t#e underta1in)s
t#erein s#all &onstitute indire&t &ontem(t
o' &ourt wit#out (re.udi&e to
&orres(ondin) administrative and &riminal
a&tions
"illul and delibe$ate o$um
s#o33in4
I' t#e a&ts o' (arty or &ounsel &learly
&onstitute wil'ul and delierate 'orum
s#o((in)* t#e same s#all e )round 'or
summary dismissal wit# (re.udi&e* dire&t
&ontem(t* and &ause 'or administrative
san&tions"
Serves as FINAL ORDER* #en&e*
a((eal is t#e (ro(er remedy i'
motion to dismiss under R5? S5. is
)ranted
Remedies in %ase o ailu$e to atta%#
%e$tiG%ation a4ainst o$um s#o33in4!
As &ounsel 'or de'endant* +le motion to
dismiss under Rule 5? S5. on t#e )round
t#at a &ondition (re&edent #as not een
&om(lied wit#"
Motion to dismiss was 4$anted2
$emed5&
As (lainti,* re+le t#e &ase* on t#e )round
t#at t#e dismissal is wit#out (re.udi&e"
I t#e 3lainti1 %ommitted wilul and
delibe$ate o$um s#o33in42 and t#e
%om3laint was dismissed2 $emed5&
As (lainti,* i will +le noti&e o' a((eal
under Rule <5* e&ause t#e dismissal is
wit#out (re.udi&e* #en&e* in t#e nature o'
a +nal order"
DeGne2 enume$ate2 ea%# 3leadin4s!
Com3laint 6R, S*9
&auses o' a&tion"
Counte$%laim 6R, S,9
Any &laim w#i&# a de'endin) (arty
may #ave a)ainst an o((osin)
(arty
Com3ulso$5 Counte$%laim 6R,
S-9
8?
A &ounter&laim w#i&# ein)
&o)ni$ale y t#e re)ular &ourts o'
.usti&e arises out o' or is &onne&ted
wit# t#e transa&tion or o&&urren&e
&onstitutin) t#e su.e&t matter o'
t#e o((osin) (artyFs &laim and
does not reAuire 'or its ad.udi&ation
t#e (resen&e o' t#ird (arties o'
w#om t#e &ourt &annot a&Auire
.urisdi&tion
Pe$missive Counte$%laim 6R,
S-9
A &ounter&laim w#i&# ein)
&o)ni$ale y t#e re)ular &ourts o'
.usti&e does not arise out o' or is
&onne&ted wit# t#e transa&tion or
o&&urren&e &onstitutin) t#e su.e&t
matter o' t#e o((osin) (artyFs
&laim and may reAuire 'or its
ad.udi&ation t#e (resen&e o' t#ird
(arties o' w#om t#e &ourt &annot
a&Auire .urisdi&tion
C$oss %laim 6R, S.9
Any &laim y one (arty a)ainst a
&o (arty arisin) out o' t#e
transa&tion or o&&urren&e t#at is
t#e su.e&t matter eit#er o' t#e
ori)inal a&tion or o' a &ounter&laim
t#erein
*$d 4
t#
et% 3a$t5 %om3laint 6R,
S''9
A &laim t#at a de'endin) (arty
may* wit# leave o' &ourt* +le
a)ainst a (erson not a (arty to t#e
a&tion* &alled a ;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty
de'endant 'or &ontriution*
indemnity* suro)ation* or any
ot#er relie' in res(e&t o' #is
o((onentFs &laim
Com3laint in inte$vention 6R'/
S'9
Pleadin) +led y an intervenor i' #e
answers a &laim a)ainst eit#er or
all o' t#e ori)inal (arties
Answe$ in inte$vention 6R'/
S*9
Filed y intervenor i' #e unites wit#
t#e de'endin) (arty in resistin) a
&laim a)ainst t#e latter
Answe$ 6R, S49
Pleadin) in w#i&# a de'endin) (arty
sets 'ort# #is de'enses
Counte$ %ounte$%laim 6R, S/9
A &ounter&laim t#at may e
asserted a)ainst an ori)inal
&ounter&laimant
Counte$ %$oss%laim
A &ross &laim w#i&# may e +led
a)ainst an ori)inal &ross &laimant
Counte$%laim
Ori)inal &om(laint
A vs D
Counter&laim
Counter Counter Claim
C$oss Claim
A vs % and C
-Ori)inal Com(laint/
Cross Claim
Counter Cross Claim
T#i$d Pa$t5 Com3laint
A vs % vs C -'or CISA/
C is im(leaded 'or CISA
Com3laint In inte$vention
A vs %
C -or/
C wants to e im(leaded in t#e a&tion
TFIRD PARTC
COMPLAINT
COMPLAINT IN
INTERVENTION
87
Rule ? Rule 5:
A &laim t#at a
de'endin) (arty
may* wit# leave o'
&ourt* +le a)ainst a
(erson not a (arty
to t#e a&tion* &alled
a ;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty
de'endant 'or
&ontriution*
indemnity*
suro)ation* or any
ot#er relie' in
res(e&t o' #is
o((onentFs &laim
Pleadin) +led y an
intervenor i' #e
answers a &laim
a)ainst eit#er or all
o' t#e ori)inal
(arties
Intervenor is any
(erson w#o #as a
le)al interest in t#e
matter in li)itation*
or in t#e su&&ess o'
eit#er o' t#e (arties*
or w#o #as an
interest a)ainst
ot# (arties* or w#o
is so situated as to
e adversely
a,e&ted y t#e
distriution or ot#er
dis(osition o'
(ro(erty in t#e
&ustody o' t#e &ourt
or o' an oE&er
t#ereo'
T#ird (arty is
im(leaded in t#e
suit 'or CISA
T#ird (arty #as
le)al interest and
wants to e
im(leaded in t#e
suit
Initiatory Pleadin)s
ReAuires (ayment o' do&1et 'ees
Permissive Counter&laim vs Com(ulsory
Counter&laim -Sim(li+ed version/
Permissive CC Com(ulsory CC
Does not arise out
o' or is &onne&ted
wit# t#e transa&tion
or o&&urren&e t#at
is t#e su.e&t
matter o' t#e
o((osin) (artyFs
&laim
Arises out o' or is
&onne&ted wit# t#e
transa&tion or
o&&urren&e t#at is
t#e su.e&t matter
o' t#e o((osin)
(artyFs &laim
Needs veri+&ation Not
and &erti+&ation
a)ainst 'orum
s#o((in)
Do&1et 'ee is
reAuired to e (aid
Do&1et 'ees are
sus(ended
Failure to +le
answer results in
de&laration o'
de'ault
not
may reAuire 'or its
ad.udi&ation t#e
(resen&e o' t#ird
(arties over w#om
t#e &ourt &annot
Does not reAuire 'or
its ad.udi&ation t#e
(resen&e o' t#ird
(arties over w#om
t#e &ourt &annot
Not arred even i'
not set u( in t#e
a&tion
%arred i' not set u(
in t#e a&tion
Initiatory (leadin) Not an initiatory
(leadin)
;PC vs T#ird (arty &laim
T#i$d Pa$t5
Com3laint
T#i$d Pa$t5 Claim
Initiated y way o'
&om(laint
%y way o' aEdavit
Filed e'ore t#e
&ourt
Filed e'ore t#e
s#eri,
For CISA Ter&eria
Pleadin) AEdavit
Do&1et 'ees are
reAuired to e (aid
Not
Lis Pendens vs Litis Penden&ia
Lis Pendens Litis Penden%ia
Ouyer ewareP
Noti&e to uyer o'
e4isten&e o' an
adverse &laim
Filin) multi(le suits
in di,erent &ourts
involvin) same
(arties* same
&auses o' a&tion*
same 'a&ts* same
relie'* t#e identity o'
t#e 8 &ases su&#
t#at any .ud)ment
t#at may e
rendered in one
&ase* re)ardless o'
8=
w#i&# (arty is
su&&ess'ul* would
amount to res
.udi&ata in t#e ot#er
&ase
Noti&e A )round 'or motion
to dismiss under
Rule 5?
Si0ultaneous or after -lin+ of the ori+inal
"o0plaint>pleadin+ assertin+ a "lai0,
PROVISIONAL REMEDIES may e
availed o'* an&illary to t#e main a&tion 'or
(rote&tion and (reservation o' ri)#ts w#ile
t#e main a&tion is (endin)
PROVISIONAL REMEDIES
6 Tem(orary* au4iliary* an&illary
remedies availale to a liti)ant 'or
t#e (rote&tion and (reservation o'
#is ri)#ts w#ile t#e main a&tion is
(endin)
T#e 'ollowin) are t#e (rovisional
remedies!
5" Preliminary Atta&#ment -Rule C7/
8" Preliminary In.un&tion -Rule C=/
;" Re&eivers#i( -Rule C:/
<" Re(levin -Rule ?9/
C" Su((ort Pendente Lite -Rule ?5/
NOTE! Not E4&lusiveR
Prote&tion orders
Provisional orders
Produ&tion orders
Gitness (rote&tion orders
See! RA :8?8* Rules on
NullityIAnnulment o'
0arria)eILe)al Se(aration* Petition
'or Custody o' 0inors* Grit o'
Am(aro* Grit o' 2aeas Data
NOTE ALSO!
In.un&tion and re(levin &an e main
a&tions in t#emselves
PROVISIONAL REMEDIES
A( P$elimina$5 Atta%#ment 6Rule
+-9
G#en +ledK -RC7 S5/
At t#e &ommen&ement o' t#e a&tion or at
any time e'ore entry o' .ud)ment* a
(lainti, or any (ro(er (arty may #ave t#e
(ro(erty o' t#e adverse (arty atta&#ed as
se&urity 'or t#e satis'a&tion o' .ud)ment
t#at may e re&overed in t#e 'ollowin)
&ases -See )rounds/
3rounds 'or (reliminary atta&#ment
-NOTE! TINATANON3 SA %ARR/
Rule C7 S5
a( In an a%tion o$ $e%ove$5 o a
s3e%iGed amount o mone5 o$
dama4es2 ot#e$ t#an mo$al and
e>em3la$52 on a &ause o' a&tion
arisin) 'rom law* &ontra&t* Auasi
&ontra&t* deli&t or Auasi deli&t
a4ainst a 3a$t5 w#o is about to
de3a$t $om t#e P#ils wit#
intent to de$aud #is %$edito$s
b( In an a%tion o$ mone5 o$
3$o3e$t5 embeJJled o$
$audulentl5 misa33lied o$
%onve$ted to #is own use y a
3ubli% oI%e$* or an oI%e$ o a
%o$3o$ation* or an atto$ne5*
a%to$* b$o8e$* a4ent* or %le$8* in
t#e &ourse o' #is em(loyment as
su&#* or b5 an5 ot#e$ 3e$son in
a Gdu%ia$5 %a3a%it5* or o$ a
wilul violation o dut5
%( In an a%tion to $e%ove$ t#e
3ossession o 3$o3e$t5 un@ustl5
o$ $audulentl5 ta8en2
detained2 o$ %onve$ted2 w#en
t#e (ro(erty* or any (art t#ereo'*
#as een %on%ealed2 $emoved2
o$ dis3osed o to 3$event its
bein4 ound o$ ta8en b5 t#e
a33li%ant o$ an aut#o$iJed
3e$son
d( In an a%tion a4ainst a 3a$t5 w#o
#as been 4uilt5 o $aud in
%ont$a%tin4 t#e debt or
in%u$$in4 t#e obli4ation u3on
w#i%# t#e a%tion is b$ou4#t* or
in t#e 3e$o$man%e t#e$eo
8:
e( In an a%tion a4ainst a 3a$t5 w#o
#as $emoved o$ dis3osed o #is
3$o3e$t5* or is about to do so
wit# intent to de$aud #is
%$edito$s
( In an a%tion a4ainst a 3a$t5 w#o
does not $eside and is not
ound in t#e P#ils* or on w#om
summons ma5 be se$ved b5
3ubli%ation
ReHui$ements! 6Rule +- S*9
5" %y way o' motion or y way o'
&om(laint
8" Veri+ed a((li&ation t#rou)#
AEdavit atta&#ed to motion or
&om(laint
6 Statin) t#e )rounds
6 T#at t#ere is no suE&ient se&urity

;" Alle)ation o' t#e )round
ne&essitatin) t#e need 'or
(reliminary atta&#ment
<" Postin) o' ond in an amount to e
determined y t#e &ourt
2ow is atta&#ment a((lied 'orK
%y way o' motionK Or y way o'
&om(laintK
EIT2ER
2OGK
At t#e &ommen&ement o' t#e &om(laint
6 %y veri+ed &om(laint
At any time e'ore .ud)ment
6 %y veri+ed motion
Cany you a((ly 'or writ o' atta&#ment
e'ore t#e 0TCK
LES"
In all instan&esK
LES" %e&ause under Summary Pro&edure*
not a (ro#iited (leadin)
FEIUD6 No
Amount 8991 006 yes
59916 no
Ordinary Civil A&tions6 yes
G#en is it ne&essary to issue summonsK
In &ase o' im(lementation o' t#e
(reliminary atta&#ment -;
rd
sta)e/
Sta)es!
6 Puli&ation
6 OrderIE4e&ution
o %OT2 ARE EQ PARTE
6 Im(lementation
o Git# Summons
2ow atta&#edK
6 3arnis#ment
6 Levy on atta&#ment
o Annotated on a&1 o' title*
warnin) on suseAuent
uyer su.e&t to out&ome o'
t#e &ase
Remed5 in %ase o issuan%e o w$it o
atta%#ment!
RC7 S58 and S5;
S586 0otion to dis&#ar)e atta&#ment u(on
)ivin) o' &ounterond
S5;6 0otion to Auas# t#e writ o'
atta&#ment on t#e , )rounds!
6 T#at t#e writ was im(ro(erly or
irre)ularly issued or en'or&ed
6 T#at t#e ond is insuE&ient
I' t#e atta&#ment is e4&essive* t#e
dis&#ar)e s#all e limited to t#e e4&ess
Order o' denial o' motion to Auas#!
6 INTERLOCUTORL* #en&e*
o 0<R R?C S<
o Certiorari R?C S5* R<5 S5
;9
Pur(ose o' t#e ond!
6 To answer 'or dama)es in&urred y
t#e adverse (arty in &ase writ o'
atta&#ment is im(ro(erly or
irre)ularly en'or&ed
"$it o
P$elimina$5
Atta%#ment
"$it o Re3levin
Covers real or
(ersonal (ro(erty
Covers only
(ersonal (ro(erty
At t#e
&ommen&ement o'
t#e a&tion or at any
time e'ore entry o'
.ud)ment
Commen&ement o'
t#e a&tion or at any
time e'ore answer
Amount o' t#e ond
is t#e value o' t#e
oli)ation -+4ed y
t#e &ourt/
Amount o' t#e ond
is doule t#e
amount o' t#e
(ersonal (ro(erty
0ay e resorted to
even i' (ro(erty is
in t#e (ossession o'
a t#ird (erson
Can e sou)#t only
w#en de'endant is
in a&tual (ossession
o' t#e (ro(erty
D( P$elimina$5 In@un%tion 6Rule
+.9
In@un%tion
6 >udi&ial writ* (ro&ess* or (ro&eedin)
w#erey a (arty is ordered to do or
re'rain 'rom doin) a (arti&ular a&t
P$elimina$5 In@un%tion
6 An order )ranted at any sta)e o' an
a&tion or (ro&eedin) (rior to t#e
.ud)ment reAuirin) a (arty or a
&ourt* a)en&y* or a (erson to
re'rain a (arti&ular a&t or a&ts
P$elimina$5 Mandato$5 In@un%tion
6 An order reAuirin) t#e (er'orman&e
o' a (arti&ular a&t or a&ts
Denial6 interlo&utory
6 Remedy! &ertiorari
I' F>6 a((eal
Can (reliminary in.un&tion e issued e4
(arteK
NO -K/" TRO6 yes
"$it o
3$elimina$5
in@un%tion
TRO
A writ )ranted at
any sta)e o' a&tion
or (ro&eedin) (rior
to t#e .ud)ment or
+nal order*
reAuirin) a (arty or
a &ourt* a)en&y or
(erson 'rom a
(arti&ular a&t or
a&ts" It may also
reAuire
(er'orman&e o' a
(arti&ular a&t or
a&ts* in w#i&# &ase
it s#all e 1nown as
a (reliminary
mandatory
in.un&tion
An order to restrain
(arti&ular a&t or
a&ts o' a (arty 'or a
limited (eriod o'
time
3ROUNDS 'or (reliminary in.un&tion -RC=
S;/!
a" T#at t#e a((li&ant is entitled to t#e
relie' demanded* and t#e w#ole or
(art o' su&# relie' &onsists in
restrainin) t#e &ommission or
&ontinuan&e o' t#e a&t or a&ts
&om(lained o'* or in reAuirin) t#e
(er'orman&e o' an a&t or a&ts*
eit#er 'or a limited (eriod or
(er(etually
" T#at t#e &ommission* &ontinuan&e*
or non (er'orman&e o' t#e a&t or
a&ts &om(lained o' durin) t#e
liti)ation would (roaly wor1
in.usti&e to t#e a((li&ant* or
&" T#at a (arty* &ourt* a)en&y* or a
(erson is doin)* t#reatenin)* or is
attem(tin) to do* or is (ro&urin) or
su,erin) to e done* some a&t or
a&ts (roaly in violation o' t#e
ri)#ts o' t#e a((li&ant res(e&tin)
t#e su.e&t o' t#e a&tion or
(ro&eedin)* and tendin) to render
t#e .ud)ment ine,e&tual
Irre(arale dama)e and in.ury
6 O' su&# &onstant and 'reAuent
re&urren&e t#at no 'air or
reasonale redress &an e #ad
t#ere'ore in &ourt o' law or w#ere
t#ere is no standard y w#i&# t#eir
;5
amount &an e measured wit#
reasonale a&&ura&y
2ow do you availK
%y way o' 0OTION or y way o' VERIFIED
CO0PLAINT
IF y veri+ed &om(laint* at t#e
&ommen&ement o' t#e a&tion or e'ore
entry o' .ud)ment* INCORPORATED IN T2E
%ODL OF T2E CO0PLAINT
I' y motion* t#en y an a((li&ation 'or
relie' &om(lyin) wit# t#e Rules on 0otion!
5" In writin)* Ve4&e(t t#ose made
u(on in o(en &ourt or in t#e &ourse
o' a #earin) or trial W -R5C S8/
8" 0ust e veri+ed and a&&om(anied
y an aEdavit o' merit i' t#e
)round 'or t#e motion is FA0E
;" S#all state t#e 'ollowin) -R5C S;/
a" Relie' sou)#t to e otained
" 3rounds u(on w#i&# it is
ased and
&" I' reAuired y t#ese Rules or
ne&essary to (rove 'a&ts
alle)ed t#erein* s#all e
su((orted y su((ortin)
aEdavits and ot#er (a(ers
<" 0otion is set 'or #earin) y
a((li&ant -R5C S</
C" Noti&e o' #earin) addressed to all
(arties &on&erned* s(e&i'yin) t#e
time and date o' #earin) w#i&#
must not e later t#an 59 days
a'ter t#e +lin) o' t#e motion -R5C
SC/
?" 0otion and noti&e o' #earin) must
e served at least ; days e'ore
t#e date o' #earin) -; day noti&e
rule/
7" Proo' o' servi&e o' t#e motion
R5; S5;
Proo' o' (ersonal servi&e s#all &onsist o'!
6 Gritten admission o' (arty served
or
6 OE&ial return o' t#e server or
6 AEdavit o' t#e (arty servin)
&ontainin) a 'ull statement o' t#e
date* (la&e* and manner o' servi&e
I' y servi&e is y ordinary mail* (roo'
t#ereo' s#all &onsist o' an aEdavit o' t#e
(erson mailin) o' 'a&ts s#owin)
&om(lian&e wit# S7 o' t#is Rule"
I' servi&e is y re)istered mail* (roo' s#all
e made y su&# aEdavit and re)istry
re&ei(t issued y t#e mailin) oE&e
T#e re)istry return &ard s#all e +led
immediately u(on its re&ei(t y t#e
sender* or in lieu t#ereo'* t#e un&laimed
letter to)et#er wit# t#e &erti+ed or sworn
&o(y o' t#e noti&e )iven y t#e
(ostmaster to t#e addressee"
=" I' t#e motion is not served to t#e
ot#er (arty y (ersonal servi&e*
su&# mode resorted to must e
a&&om(anied y a written
e4(lanation w#y t#e servi&e or
+lin) was not done (ersonally" A
violation o' t#is Rule may e &ause
to &onsider t#e (a(er as not +led
-R5; S55/
E1e%t o ailu$e to %om3l5 wit#
Se%tions2 42 +2 , o Rule '+&
5" Ht#e motion s#all e treated as a
wort#less (ie&e o' (a(er w#i&# t#e
&ler1 o' &ourt #as no ri)#t to
re&eive and t#e &ourt #as no
aut#ority to a&t u(on -mere s&ra(
o' (a(er/
8" It does not interru(t t#e runnin) o'
t#e (res&ri(tiveIre)lementary
(eriod 'or t#e +lin) o' t#e reAuisite
(leadin)
;" It will e )round 'or denial o' t#e
motion
<" T#e motion s#all e &onsidered as
not +led
2OGK
At t#e &ommen&ement o' t#e &om(laint
At any time e'ore .ud)ment
6 %y veri+ed motion
;8
Status Buo O$de$
6 Order issued y t#e &ourt to
maintain t#e last* (ea&eale*
a&tual* un&ontested &ondition o'
t#e (arties e'ore t#e a&tion or
(ro&eedin)
TRO6 order restrainin) (arti&ular a&t or
a&ts o' a (arty 'or a limited (eriod o' timeJ
&an e issued e4 (arte
-RULE C=6 A0 767658/
Se&" C" Preliminary in.un&tion not )ranted
wit#out noti&eJ e4&e(tion" No (reliminary
in.un&tion s#all e )ranted wit#out
#ea$in4 and 3$io$ noti%e to t#e 3a$t5
o$ 3e$sons sou4#t to be en@oined" I' it
s#all a((ear 'rom 'a&ts s#own y aEdavits
or y t#e veri+ed a((li&ation t#at )reat or
irre(arale in.ury would result to t#e
a((li&ant e'ore t#e matter &an e #eard
on noti&e* t#e %ou$t to w#i%# t#e
a33li%ation o$ 3$elimina$5 in@un%tion
was made2 ma5 issue e> 3a$te a
tem3o$a$5 $est$ainin4 o$de$ to be
e1e%tive onl5 o$ a 3e$iod o twent5
6)09 da5s $om se$vi%e on t#e 3a$t5 o$
3e$son sou4#t to be en@oined2 e4&e(t
as #erein (rovided" Git#in t#e twenty6day
(eriod* t#e %ou$t must o$de$ said
3a$t5 o$ 3e$son to s#ow %ause at a
s3e%iGed time and 3la%e2 w#5 t#e
in@un%tion s#ould not be 4$anted( T#e
&ourt s#all also dete$mine2 wit#in t#e
same 3e$iod2 w#et#e$ o$ not t#e
3$elimina$5 in@un%tion s#all be
4$anted2 and a%%o$din4l5 issue t#e
%o$$es3ondin4 o$de$(
2owever* su.e&t to t#e (rovisions o' t#e
(re&edin) se&tions* i' t#e matter is o'
e4treme ur)en&y and t#e a((li&ant will
su,er )rave in.usti&e and irre(arale
in.ury* t#e e4e&utive .ud)e o' a multi(le6
sala &ourt or t#e (residin) .ud)e o' a
sin)le6sala &ourt ma5 issue e> 3a$te a
tem3o$a$5 $est$ainin4 o$de$ e1e%tive
o$ onl5 sevent57two 6-)9 #ou$s $om
issuan%e2 ut s#all immediatel5
%om3l5 wit# t#e 3$ovisions o t#e
ne>t 3$e%edin4 se%tion as to se$vi%e
o summons and t#e do%uments to be
se$ved t#e$ewit#( T#erea'ter* wit#in t#e
a'oresaid seventy6two -78/ #ours* t#e
.ud)e e'ore w#om t#e &ase is (endin)
s#all %ondu%t a summa$5 #ea$in4 to
dete$mine w#et#e$ t#e tem3o$a$5
$est$ainin4 o$de$ s#all be e>tended
until t#e a33li%ation o$ 3$elimina$5
in@un%tion %an be #ea$d( In no %ase
s#all t#e total 3e$iod o e1e%tivit5 o
t#e tem3o$a$5 $est$ainin4 o$de$
e>%eed twent5 6)09 da5s2 in%ludin4
t#e o$i4inal sevent57two #ou$s
3$ovided #e$ein(
In t#e event t#at t#e a((li&ation 'or
(reliminary in.un&tion is denied or not
resolved wit#in t#e said (eriod* t#e
tem(orary restrainin) order is deemed
automati&ally va&ated" T#e e,e&tivity o' a
tem(orary restrainin) order is not
e4tendile wit#out need o' any .udi&ial
de&laration to t#at e,e&t* and no &ourt
s#all #ave aut#ority to e4tend or renew
t#e same on t#e same )round 'or w#i&# it
was issued"
2owever* i' issued y t#e Court o' A((eals
or a memer t#ereo'* t#e tem(orary
restrainin) order s#all e e,e&tive 'or
si>t5 6,09 da5s $om se$vi%e on t#e
3a$t5 o$ 3e$son sou4#t to be
en@oined( A restrainin) order issued y
t#e Su(reme Court or a memer t#ereo'
s#all e e,e&tive until 'urt#er orders" l
T#e trial &ourt* t#e Court o' A((eals* t#e
Sandi)anyan or t#e Court o' Ta4 A((eals
t#at issued a writ o' (reliminary in.un&tion
a)ainst a lower &ourt* oard* oE&er* or
Auasi6.udi&ial a)en&y s#all de&ide t#e main
&ase or (etition wit#in si> 6,9 mont#s
$om t#e issuan%e o t#e w$it(
OLi'etimeP -RC7 SC in relation to A0 7676
58/
6 E,e&tive only 'or a (eriod o' 89
DALS 'rom servi&e on t#e (arty or
(erson sou)#t to e en.oined"
o Court to order said (arty or
(erson to s#ow &ause at a
s(e&i+ed time and (la&e
w#y in.un&tion s#ould not
e )ranted* wIn P in.un&tion
s#ould e )ranted* and
a&&ordin)ly issue t#e
&orres(ondin) order
;;
6 IF t#e matter is o' EQTRE0E
UR3ENCL* a((li&ant will su,er
)rave in.usti&e and irre(arale
in.ury* e4e&utive .ud)e o' multi sala
&ourt or (residin) .ud)e o' sin)le
sala &ourt may issue EQ PARTE TRO
o E,e&tive 'or only 78 2OURS
'rom issuan&e*
%ut s#all
immediately &om(ly
wit# (rovisions o' t#e
ne4t (re&edin)
se&tion as to servi&e
o' summons and
do&uments to e
served
6 Git#in t#e 78 #ours* .ud)e to
&ondu&t summary #earin) to
determine w#et#er t#e TRO &an e
e4tended until a((li&ation 'or
(reliminary in.un&tion &an e
#eard*
o Total (eriod o' e,e&tivity o'
TRO s#all NOT EQCEED 89
DALS* in&ludin) t#e ori)inal
78 #ours (rovided t#erein
CA issues! e,e&tive 'or ?9 DALS 'rom
servi&e on t#e (arty or (erson sou)#t to
e en.oined
SC or memer issues! e,e&tive until
'urt#er orders
A3AIN"""
TRO6 order restrainin) a&ts o' a (arty 'or a
limited (eriod o' time
89 days
78 #ours -e4 (arte/6 e4treme ur)en&y
89 days non e4tendile
Can t#e &ourt issue in.un&tion e4 (arteK
NOR6 reAuires noti&e and #earin)
Can 0TC issue TROK
Ordinary Civil A&tions6 Pwede
For&ily Entry I UnlawFul Detainer6 LES
R79 S5C
Court may )rant (reliminary in.un&tion* in
a&&ordan&e wit# t#e (rovisions o' RC=
t#ereo'* to (revent de'endant 'rom
&ommittin) 'urt#er a&ts o' dis(ossession
a)ainst (lainti,"
A (ossessor de(rived o' (ossession
t#rou)# Fe or UD may* wit#in C days 'rom
+lin) o' &om(laint* (resent a motion in t#e
a&tion 'or FE UD 'or issuan&e o' writ o'
(reliminary mandatory in.un&tion to
restore #im in #is (ossession" T#e &ourt
s#all de&ide t#e motion wit#in ;9 days
'rom +lin) t#ereo'
R79 S89
U(on motion o' (lainti,* wit#in 59 days
'rom (er'e&tion o' a((eal to t#e RTC* t#e
latter may issue a writ o' (reliminary
mandatory in.un&tion to restore (lainti, in
(ossession i' t#e &ourt is satis+ed t#at
6 de'endantFs a((eal is 'rivolous or
dilatory* or
6 t#at t#e a((eal o' (lainti, is (rima
'a&ie meritorious
RE0EDIES IN CASE OF PRELI0INARL
IN>UNCTION!
3ranted! -Rule C7 S?/
6 Auas# t#e writ ased on!
5" u(on s#owin) o' insuE&ien&y
8" on ot#er )rounds u(on aEdavits o'
t#e (arty or (erson en.oined
;" i' it a((ears a'ter #earin) t#at
alt#ou)# a((li&ant is entitled to t#e
in.un&tion or restrainin) order* t#e
issuan&e or &ontinuan&e t#ereo'* as
a &ase may e* would &ause
irre(arale dama)e to t#e (arty or
(erson en.oined w#ile a((li&ant
&an e 'ully &om(ensated 'or su&#
dama)es #e may su,er
Ot#er reAuirements 'or Auas#al o' writ!
5" +lin) o' ond in amount +4ed y
&ourt &onditioned t#at #e will (ay
all dama)es w#i&# a((li&ant may
su,er y t#e denial or dissolution
o' t#e in.un&tion or restrainin)
order
Denied!
6 0<R
6 Certiorari Rule ?C
;<
Can t#ere e in.un&tion in &riminal &asesK
LES* in &ase o' (reliminary in.un&tion wit#
res(e&t to (reliminary investi)ation
-)eneral rule* no* ut t#e enumerations
are t#e e4&e(tions/
5" G#en (re.udi&ial to t#e ri)#ts o'
t#e a&&used
8" G#en t#ere is need 'or (rote&tin)
t#e Constitutional ri)#ts o' t#e
a&&used
;" To Prevent t#e lon) arm o' t#e law
'rom ein) vindi&tive
<" G#en (re.udi&ial Auestion is
involved in t#e &ase
C" In &ase o' &riminal (rose&ution
under an invalid law
Can 0TC issue (reliminary in.un&tionK
LES* e4&e(t in!
Case 'allin) under Summary Pro&edure* i'
t#e &laim ein) 5991 -Small Claims/*
EQCEPT!
6 FE and UD
o R796 (reliminary mandatory
in.un&tion and (reliminary
(ro#iitory in.un&tion are
allowed
P$o#ibito$5
In@un%tion
P$o#ibition
Provisional remedy S(e&ial &ivil a&tion
Rule C= Rule ?C
An order )ranted at
any sta)e o' an
a&tion or
(ro&eedin) (rior to
t#e .ud)ment
reAuirin) a (arty or
a &ourt* a)en&y* or
a (erson to re'rain a
(arti&ular a&t or
a&ts
Petition in &ase a
(erson e4er&isin) >*
D>* 0inisterial
Fun&tion a&ted
wit#out .ur or wit#
3AD amountin) to
la&1 or e4&ess o'
.urisdi&tion* 'or
res(ondent to desist
'rom 'urt#er
(ro&eedin)s
Mandato$5
In@un%tion
Mandamus
Provisional Remedy S(e&ial Civil A&tion
Rule C= Rule ?C
An order reAuirin)
t#e (er'orman&e o'
a (arti&ular a&t or
ReAuires
(er'orman&e o' a
ministerial a&t or to
a&ts desist 'rom
e4&ludin) anot#er
'rom a ri)#t or
oE&e -ministerial/
Dire&ted a)ainst a
(arty
Dire&ted a)ainst a
>udi&ial or Auasi
.udi&ial odies
e4er&isin)
ministerial 'un&tions
Provisional remedy Ori)inal a&tion
%y way o' motion %y way o' (etition
C( Re%eive$s#i3 6Rule +/9
6 Provisional remedy to (reserve a
(ro(erty su.e&t o' liti)ation 'rom
'urt#er loss* wasta)e* dama)e*
dissi(ation 'or t#e (rote&tion o'
anot#er (erson
G#ere a((lied 'orK
5" Court w#ere a&tion is (endin)
8" CA
;" SC
3rounds! -RC: S5/
a" G#en it a((ears 'rom t#e
veri+ed a((li&ation* and
su&# ot#er (roo' as t#e
&ourt may reAuire* t#at t#e
(arty a((lyin) 'or t#e
a((ointment o' re&eiver #as
an interest in t#e (ro(erty
or 'und w#i&# is t#e su.e&t
o' t#e a&tion or (ro&eedin)*
and t#at su&# (ro(erty or
'und is in dan)er o' ein)
lost* removed* or materially
in.ured unless a re&eiver e
a((ointed to administer and
(reserve it
" G#en it a((ears in an
a&tion y t#e mort)a)ee 'or
t#e 'ore&losure o' mort)a)e
t#at t#e (ro(erty is in
dan)er o' ein) wasted or
dissi(ated or materially
in.ured* and t#at its value is
(roaly insuE&ient to
dis&#ar)e t#e mort)a)e
det* or t#at t#e (arties
#ave so sti(ulated in t#e
&ontra&t o' mort)a)e
&" A'ter .ud)ment* to (reserve
t#e (ro(erty durin) t#e
(enden&y o' an a((eal* or
;C
to dis(ose o' it a&&ordin) to
t#e .ud)ment* or to aid
e4e&ution w#en e4e&ution
#as een returned
unsatis+ed or w#en
.ud)ment oli)or re'uses to
a((ly #is (ro(erty in
satis'a&tion o' t#e .ud)ment
or ot#erwise to &arry t#e
.ud)ment into e,e&t
d" G#enever in ot#er &ases it
a((ears t#at t#e
a((ointment o' a re&eiver is
t#e most &onvenient and
'easile means o'
(reservin)* administerin)*
or dis(osin) o' t#e (ro(erty
in liti)ation
Durin) (enden&y o' a((eal* t#e a((ellate
&ourt may allow an a((li&ation 'or t#e
a((ointment o' a re&eiver to e +led in
and de&ided y t#e &ourt o' ori)in and t#e
re&eiver a((ointed to e su.e&t to t#e
&ontrol o' said &ourt"
REDUIRE0ENTS!
5" Veri+ed motion in a &om(laint I
Veri+ed &om(laint at
&ommen&ement o' a&tion -RC: S5/
8" %ond y a((li&ant in an amount to
e +4ed y t#e &ourt to (ay su&#
(erson a)ainst w#om a((li&ation is
(resented to (ay su&# (arty all
dama)es #e may sustain y reason
o' t#e a((ointment o' su&# re&eiver
in &ase t#e a((li&ant s#all #ave
(ro&ured su&# a((ointment wit#out
suE&ient &ause-RC: S8/
;" Oat# and %ond y re&eiver to
'ait#'ully dis&#ar)e o' #is duties in
an a&tion or (ro&eedin) and oey
&ourt orders
IF (endin) a((eal*
IF a'ter .ud)ment*
6 %y way o' motion
NOTE! Re&eivers#i( as (rovisional remedy
a((lies to all &ivil a&tions* w#ile
re&eivers#i( o' &or(oration is an ori)inal
a&tion a((li&ale only to &or(orations
under t#e Cor(oration Code o' t#e
P#ili((ines
Re&eivers#i( wit# a((ointment o' re&eiver!
(wede
Re&eivers#i( wit# 0TC! (wede* e4&e(t in
Small Claims
3eneral (owers o' re&eiver!
RC: S?
Su.e&t to t#e &ontrol o' t#e &ourt in w#i&#
t#e a&tion or (ro&eedin) is (endin)* a
re&eiver s#all #ave t#e (ower to
5" %rin) and de'end* in su&# &a(a&ity*
a&tions in #is own name
8" Ta1e and 1ee( (ossession o' t#e
(ro(erty in &ontroversy
;" To re&eive rents
<" To &olle&t dets due to #imsel'* as
re&eiver or to t#e 'und* (ro(erty*
estate* (erson* &or(oration to
w#i&# #e is t#e re&eiver
C" To &om(ound 'or and &om(romise
t#e same
?" To ma1e trans'ers
7" To (ay outstandin) dets
=" To divide t#e money and ot#er
(ro(erty t#at s#all remain amon)
t#e (ersons le)ally entitled to
re&eive t#e same
:" To do su&# a&ts res(e&tin) t#e
(ro(erty as t#e &ourt may
aut#ori$e
2owever* 'unds in t#e #ands o' a re&eiver
may e invested only y order o' t#e &ourt
u(on t#e written &onsent o' all t#e (arties
to t#e a&tion"
No a&tion may e +led y or a)ainst a
re&eiver wit#out leave o' t#e &ourt w#i&#
a((ointed #im
Termination o' re&eivers#i(J &om(ensation
o' re&eiver
;?
RC: S=
G#enever t#e &ourt* motu (ro(rio or on
motion o' eit#er (arty* s#all determine
t#at t#e ne&essity 'or re&eiver no lon)er
e4ists* it s#all* a'ter due noti&e to all
interested (arties and #earin)*
5" settle t#e a&&ounts o' t#e re&eiver*
8" dire&t t#e delivery o' t#e 'unds and
ot#er (ro(erty in #is (ossession to
t#e (erson ad.ud)ed to e entitled
to re&eive t#em*
;" and order t#e dis&#ar)e o' t#e
re&eiver 'rom 'urt#er duty as su&#
T#e &ourt s#all allow t#e re&eiver su&#
reasonale &om(ensation as t#e
&ir&umstan&es o' t#e &ase warrant* to e
ta4ed as &osts a)ainst t#e de'eated (arty*
or a((ortioned* as .usti&e reAuires"
D( REPLEVIN 6Rule ,09
6 A (rovisional remedy 'or re&overy
o' (ersonal (ro(erty I rea&Auisition
o' (ersonal (ro(erty su.e&t o'
liti)ation
Can e a (rovisional remedy or a main
a&tion
6 I' a main a&tion* t#en it is an a&tion
'or re&overy o' unlaw'ully wit##eld
(ersonal (ro(erty in t#e (ossession
o' anot#er
>urisdi&tionIVenue!
RTC or 0TC -;9916<991 O00 00 #i)#er
lower/
REDUIRE0ENTS! -R?9 S8/
5" Veri+ed A((li&ation -y
aEdavit/I&om(laint e'ore servi&e
o' answer
Fa&ts!
a" T#at a((li&ant is t#e owner o' t#e
(ro(erty &laimed* (arti&ularly
des&riin) it* or is entitled to t#e
(ossession t#ereo'
" T#at t#e (ro(erty is wron)'ully
detained y adverse (arty* alle)in)
&ause o' detention t#ereo'
a&&ordin) to t#e est o' #is
1nowled)e* in'ormation* and elie'
&" T#at t#e (ro(erty #as not een
distrained or ta1en 'or a ta4
assessment or a +ne (ursuant to
law* or sei$ed under a writ o'
e4e&ution or (reliminary
atta&#ment* or ot#erwise (la&ed
under &ustodia le)is* or i' so
sei$ed* t#at it is e4em(t 'rom su&#
sei$ure or &ustody
d" T#e a&tual mar1et value o' t#e
(ro(erty
8" Postin) o' ond y a((li&ant in
doule t#e value o' t#e (ro(erty
stated in t#e aEdavit mentioned*
'or return o' t#e (ro(erty to
adverse (arty i' su&# return e
ad.ud)ed* and 'or (ayment to
adverse (arty o' su&# sum as #e
may re&over 'rom t#e a((li&ant in
t#e a&tion
Denied* RE0EDL!
Counterond doule t#e amount o'
(ro(erty
E( SUPPORT PENDENTE LITE 6Rule
,'9
6 Amount o' su((ort (rovisionally
+4ed y t#e &ourt in 'avour o' t#e
(erson or (ersons entitled t#ereto
durin) t#e (enden&y o' an a&tion
'or su((ort
I00EDIATELL EQECUTORLR
G#ere +ledK
FA0ILL COURT
G#y not in 0TCK %e&ause a&tion 'or
su((ort is in&a(ale o' (e&uniary
estimation
-E4&e(tion! Criminal &ases 'allin) under
0TC .urisdi&tionK/
G#en availaleK
6 A&tion 'or su((ort
6 Relie' sou)#t is su((ort 'or
a((li&ant
;7
6 Nullity o' marria)e
6 Annulment o' marria)e
6 Le)al se(aration
6 Custody o' minors in relation to
#aeas &or(us
6 Criminal &ases!
o Ra(e
o RA:8?8
S56 A((li&ation
At
6 t#e &ommen&ement o' t#e (ro(er
a&tion or (ro&eedin)*
6 or at any time (rior to t#e
.ud)ment or +nal order*
o a veri+ed a((li&ation 'or
su((ort (endentee lite may
e +led y any (arty
statin) t#e )rounds
'or t#e &laim and t#e
+nan&ial &onditions
o' ot# (arties* and
&ommen&ed y
aEdavits*
de(ositions* or ot#er
aut#enti& do&uments
in su((ort t#ereo'
S86 Comment
A &o(y o' t#e a((li&ation and all
su((ortin) do&uments
6 s#all e served u(on adverse
(arty*
o w#o s#all #ave C days to
&omment t#ereon
unless a di,erent
(eriod is +4ed y t#e
&ourt u(on #is
motion"
T#e &omment s#all e veri+ed and s#all
e a&&om(anied y aEdavits* de(ositions*
or ot#er aut#enti& do&uments in su((ort
t#ereo'"
S;6 2earin)
5" A'ter t#e &omment is +led* or
8" a'ter t#e e4(iration o' t#e (eriod
'or its +lin)*
a" t#e a((li&ation s#all e set
'or #earin) not more t#an ;
days t#erea'ter
T#e 'a&ts in issue s#all e (roved in t#e
same manner as i' (roved 'or eviden&e on
motions"
S<6 Order
T#e &ourt s#all determine (rovisionally
5" t#e (ertinent 'a&ts* and
s#all render su&# order as .usti&e and
eAuity may reAuire*
6 #avin) due re)ard to t#e (roale
out&ome and su&# ot#er
&ir&umstan&es as may aid in t#e
(ro(er resolution o' t#e Auestion
involved"
I' t#e a((li&ation is )ranted*
6 t#e &ourt s#all +4
o t#e amount o' money to e
(rovisionally (aid*
o or su&# ot#er 'orms o'
su((ort as s#ould e
(rovided*
ta1in) into a&&ount
t#e ne&essities o' t#e
a((li&ant and t#e
resour&es or means
o' t#e adverse (arty*
and
terms o' (ayment or
mode 'or (rovidin)
t#e su((ort"
I' t#e a((li&ation is denied* t#e (rin&i(al
&ase s#all e tried and de&ided as early as
(ossile"
SC6 en'or&ement o' order
I' t#e adverse (arty 'ails to &om(ly wit# an
order )rantin) su((ort (endente lite* t#e
&ourt s#all* motu (ro(rio or u(on motion*
6 issue an order o' e4e&ution a)ainst
#im*
o wit#out (re.udi&e to #is
liaility 'or &ontem(t"
G#en t#e (erson ordered to )ive su((ort
(endente lite re'uses or 'ails to do so*
6 any t#ird (erson w#o 'urnis#ed t#at
su((ort to t#e a((li&ant may* a'ter
due noti&e and #earin) in t#e same
&ase*
;=
o otain a writ o' e4e&ution to
en'or&e #is ri)#t o'
reimursement a)ainst t#e
(erson ordered to (rovide
su&# su((ort"
S?6 Su((ort in &riminal &ases
In &riminal &ases
5" w#ere t#e &ivil liaility in&ludes
su((ort 'or t#e o,s(rin) as a
&onseAuen&e o' t#e &rime
8" and &ivil as(e&t t#ereo' #as not
een waived* reserved* or
instituted (rior to its +lin)*
a" t#e a&&used may e ordered
to (rovide su((ort (endente
lite to t#e &#ild orn to t#e
o,ended (arty alle)edly
e&ause o' t#e &rime"
T#e a((li&ation t#ere'ore may e +led
su&&essively y t#e
6 o,endin) (arty*
6 #er (arents*
6 )rand(arents*
6 or )uardian
6 and t#e state in t#e &orres(ondin)
&riminal &ase durin) its (enden&y*
o in a&&ordan&e wit# t#e
(ro&edure estalis#ed in
t#is Rule"
S76 Restitution
G#en t#e .ud)ment or +nal order o' t#e
&ourt +nds t#at t#e (erson w#o #as een
(rovidin) su((ort (endente lite is not
liale t#ere'or*
6 it s#all order t#e re&i(ient t#ereo'
to return to t#e 'ormer t#e amounts
already (aid wit# le)al interest
'rom t#e dates o' a&tual (ayment*
o wit#out (re.udi&e to t#e
ri)#t o' re&i(ient to otain
reimursement in a
se(arate a&tion 'rom t#e
(erson le)ally oli)ed to
)ive t#e su((ort"
S#ould re&i(ient 'ail to reimurse said
amounts* t#e
6 (erson w#o (rovided t#e same
may li1ewise
o see1 reimursement t#ereo'
in a se(arate a&tion 'rom
t#e (erson le)ally oli)ed to
)ive su&# su((ort"
Failure o' a&tion 'or su((ort (endente lite*
RE0EDL!
6 move 'or motion 'or e4e&ution
DENIED*
6 +le (etition 'or indire&t &ontem(t*
'or disoedien&e to law'ul order o'
t#e &ourt
SPECIAL CIVIL ACTIONS
-dis&ussed in t#is sta)e e&ause initiatory
(leadin)s are +led* y &om(laint or y
(etition* as t#e &ase may e/
SCA initiated b5
%om3laint
SCA initiated b5
3etition
6 Inter(leader
-?8/
6 Fore&losure o'
mort)a)e
-?=/
6 For&ile entry
I UD -79/
6 Partition -?:/
6 E4(ro(riation
-?7/
6 de&laratory
relie' -?8/
6 review o'
ad.udi&ation
o' &omele&*
&oa -?</
6 &* m* ( -?C/
6 Aw -??/
6 &ontem(t
-75/
5" Inter(leader -?8/
8" De&laratory Relie' and ot#er similar
remediesv -?;/
;" Review o' .ud)ments* +nal orders*
resolutions o' CoA* CO0ELEC -?</
<" Certiorari* Pro#iition* 0andamus
-?C/
C" Duo Garranto -??/
?" E4(ro(riation -?7/
7" Fore&losure o' Real Estate
0ort)a)e -?=/
=" Partition -?:/
:" For&ile EntryIUnlaw'ul Detainer
-79/
59" Contem(t -75/
3overned y S(e&ial Rules* Rules on
ordinary &ivil a&tions a((ly in a su((letory
manner -OR is it t#e ot#er wayK R5 states
)overned y rules on ordinary &ivil
a&tions* su.e&t to s(e&i+& rules
(res&ried in a s(e&ial &ivil a&tion/
E4am(les!
;:
VENUE
0OTION TO DIS0ISS
DE0URRER TO EVIDENCE
PARTS OF A PLEADIN3
INTERPLEADER 6Rule ,)9
6 Initiated y way o' &om(laint
S56 G#en (ro(er
G#enever
6 &onXi&tin) &laims u(on t#e same
su.e&t matter
o are or may e made a)ainst
a (erson w#o &laims no
interest w#atever in t#e
su.e&t matter or
o an interest in w#i&# in w#ole
or in (art is not dis(uted y
&laimants*
#e may rin) an
a&tion a)ainst
&onXi&tin) liti)ants
to &om(el t#em to
inter(lead and
liti)ate t#eir several
&laims amon)
t#emselves
NOTE! Person in (ossession #as no le)al
interest
Inte$3leade$ Inte$vention
Rule ?5 Rule 5:
Git#out leave o'
&ourt
Git# leave o' &ourt
Ori)inal I S(e&ial
Civil a&tion
An&illary to main
a&tion
Filed y &om(laint
'or inter(leader
I' 'or (lainti,6
&om(laint in
intervention
I' 'or de'endant6
answer in
intervention
At any time %e'ore .ud)ment
>URISDICTION!
RTC or 0TC 896C9 real ;996<99 (ersonal
#i)#er lower
VENUE!
Real6 R< S5
Personal6 R< S8
S86 Order
U(on +lin) o' t#e &om(laint* t#e &ourt
s#all
6 issue an order reAuirin) t#e
&onXi&tin) &laimants to inter(lead
wit# one anot#er"
I' t#e interests o' .usti&e so reAuire*
6 t#e &ourt may dire&t in su&# order
o t#at t#e su.e&t matter e
(aid or delivered to t#e
&ourt"
S;6 Summons
Summons s#all e served u(on t#e
&onXi&tin) &laimants* to)et#er wit# a &o(y
o' t#e &om(laint and order"
S<6 0otion to dismiss
Git#in t#e time 'or +lin) an answer* ea&#
&laimant may
6 +le motion to dismiss on t#e
)round o' im(ro(riety o' t#e
inter(leader a&tion or
6 on ot#er a((ro(riate )rounds
s(e&i+ed in Rule 5?"
T#e (eriod to +le t#e answer s#all e
tolled and i' t#e motion is denied* t#e
movant may +le #is answer wit#in t#e
remainin) (eriod* w#i&# s#all not e
less t#an C days in any event*
re&1oned 'rom t#e noti&e o' denial"
-See Rule 5? S</
SC6 Answer and ot#er (leadin)s
Ea&# &laimant s#all +le #is answer settin)
'ort# #is &laim wit#in 5C days 'rom servi&e
o' t#e summons u(on #im*
6 servin) a &o(y t#ereo' u(on ea&#
o' t#e ot#er &onXi&tin) &laimants*
o w#o may +le t#eir re(ly
t#ereto as (rovided in t#ese
Rules"
<9
I' any &laimant 'ails to (lead wit#in t#e
time t#erein +4ed* t#e &ourt may* on
motion*
6 de&lare #im in de'ault and
6 t#erea'ter render .ud)ment arrin)
#im 'rom any &laim in res(e&t to
t#e su.e&t matter"
T#e (arties in an inter(leader a&tion may
+le &ounter&laims* &ross &laims* ;
rd
(arty
&om(laints and res(onsive (leadin)
t#ereto* as (rovided in t#ese Rules"
S?6 Determination
A'ter t#e (leadin)s o' t#e &onXi&tin)
&laimants #ave een +led* and (re trial
#as een &ondu&ted in a&&ordan&e wit#
t#ese Rules*
6 t#e &ourt s#all (ro&eed to
determine t#eir res(e&tive ri)#ts
and ad.udi&ate t#eir several &laims"
In &ase o' adverse Resolution*
A((eal (ursuant to R<96<8
DECLARATORC RELIE? AND OTFER
SIMILAR REMEDIES 6R,*9
O.e&tive! -R?; S5/
Inter(retationIConstru&tion o'!
o deed*
o will*
o &ontra&t* or
o ot#er written instrument* or
determinin) validity o'!
o statute*
o e4e&utive order*
o re)ulation*
o ordinan&e* or
o any ot#er )overnmental
re)ulation
OT2ER SI0ILAR RE0EDIES
CONTE0PLATED w#i&# a((lies t#e
(rovisions o' t#is Rule!
6 re'ormation o' an instrument
NOTE! INSTRU0ENT* not t#e elements o'
t#e instrumentBi' su&#* e su.e&t o'
anot#er (ro&eedin) to* annulment o'
&ontra&t
6 Auiet title to real (ro(erty or
remove &louds t#ere'rom
6 &onsolidate owners#i(
In &ase o' (a&to de retro sale or
'ore&losure o' mort)a)e* not ne&essarily
owner a)ad* #en&e* +le 'or &onsolidation
o' owners#i( under t#is Rule
-EQCLUSIVE/ #en&e* i' not* t#en not
su.e&t #ere
NOTE! DECLARATORL RELIEF is t#e only
&ivil a&tion -s(e&ial vis a vis ordinary/ t#at
&an e +led even e'ore rea&# or
violation t#ereo'
:URISDICTION<VENUE!
De&laratory Relie'!
6 RTC6 in&a(ale o' (e&uniary
estimation
Duetin) o' title!
6 0TC or RTC 896C9 O00 00 lower
#i)#er
Consolidation o' owners#i(!
estimation
Re'ormation o' &ontra&ts!
estimation
Can t#e SC entertain (etition 'or
de&laratory relie'K
NO" %P58:6 RTC EO >ur* a&tions in&a(ale
o' (e&uniary estimation
ReAuirements!
S86 Parties
All (ersons w#o #ave or &laim any interest
w#i&# would e a,e&ted y t#e
de&laration s#all e made (arties* and
6 no de&laration s#all* e4&e(t as
(rovided in t#ese Rules*
<5
o (re.udi&e t#e ri)#ts o'
(ersons not (arties to t#e
a&tion"
S;6 Noti&e on Sol 3en
In any a&tion w#i&# involves validity o'
6 statute*
6 EO* or
6 re)ulation* or
6 any ot#er )overnmental re)ulation*
o T#e Sol 3en s#all e noti+ed
y t#e (arty assailin) t#e
same and
s#all e entitled to
e #eard u(on su&#
Auestion
S<6 Lo&al )overnment ordinan&es
In any a&tion involvin) t#e validity o' a
lo&al )overnment ordinan&e*
6 t#e &orres(ondin) (rose&utor or
attorney o' t#e L3U involves s#all
e similarly noti+ed and entitled to
e #eard"
I' su&# ordinan&e is alle)ed to e
un&onstitutional* t#e Sol 3en s#all also e
noti+ed and entitled to e #eard"
In &ase o' adverse resolution
6 APPEAL R<5
o -R<9 to RTC i' Duietin) in
0TC/
REVIE" O? :UD;MENTS AND ?INAL
ORDERS OR RESOLUTIONS O? TFE
COMELEC AND COMMISSION ON
AUDIT 6Rule ,4 Kbut a33l5in4 Rule
,+L9
Constitutional %asis!
A:A S7 -asis o' Rule ?</
Ea&# Commission s#all de&ide y ma.ority
o' all its 0emers in any &ase or matter
rou)#t e'ore it wit#in ?9 days 'rom date
o' its sumission 'or de&ision or resolution"
A &ase or matter is deemed sumitted 'or
de&ision or resolution u(on t#e +lin) o' t#e
last (leadin)* rie'* or memorandum
reAuired y t#e rules o' t#e Commission or
y t#e Commission itsel'" Unless
ot#erwise (rovided y t#is Constitution or
y law* any de&ision* order* or rulin) o'
ea&# Commission may e rou)#t to t#e
SC on &ertiorari y t#e a))rieved (arty
wit#in ;9 days 'rom re&ei(t o' a &o(y
t#ereo'"
COVERA3E! -R?< S5/
>ud)ments* +nal orders* resolutions o'
CO0ELEC* CoA
S56 S&o(e
Final orders or .ud)ments o' COA and
CO0ELEC
S86 0ode
SC6 (etition 'or &ertiorari under Rule ?C
S;6 Time
Git#in ;9 days 'rom noti&e o' .ud)ment
IF 0<r denied* +led wit#in remainin)
(eriod and not less t#an any event
re&1oned 'rom noti&e o' t#e denial
NO FRES2 PERIOD RULE* only in <9 <5 <8
<; <C
S<6 Do&1et* law'ul 'ees
Pay* M C99 'or &osts
SC6 FormIContents
5" Veri+ed (etition* 5= &o(ies* wit#
&erti+ed true &o(y o' .ud)ment
8" Res(ondent is Comele& or CoA*
(erson interested in sustainin)
;" Findin) o' 'a&t su((orted y
sustantial eviden&e* +nal and non
reviewale
<" State s(e&i+& material dates
s#owin) it was +led on time
C" A&&om(anied y sworn &erti+&ation
a)ainst 'orum s#o((in)
?" Proo' o' servi&e o' its &o(y on
&ommission and adverse (arty* and
o' (ayment o' do&1et and ot#er
law'ul 'ees
<8
S?6 order to &omment
6 Git#in 59 days 'rom noti&e o' order
or .ud)ment* y res(ondent* or
else* dismissed
3rounds 'or dismissal
5" Non &om(lian&e wit# 'orm and
&ontents
8" Non (ayment o' do&1et and C99 'or
&osts
;" Filed mani'estly 'or delay
<" Duestions are too unsustantial to
warrant 'urt#er (ro&eedin)s
S76 Comments o' res(ondents
6 5= &o(ies
6 No ot#er (leadin) may e +led
unless reAuired or allowed y &ourt
S=6 E,e&t o' +lin)
Filin) o' &ertiorari will not stay e4e&ution o'
.ud)ment* FO* resolution sou)#t to e
reviewed* unless SC s#all dire&t ot#erwise
u(on su&# terms as may e .ust
Petitioner may a((ly 'or TRO or
(reliminary in.un&tion to stay e4e&ution
Rule ?C Rule ?<
A((lies to orders o'
.udi&ial* Auasi
.udi&ial &ourt or
triunals
A((lies to
.ud)ments* +nal
orders* resolutions
o' CoA and
CO0ELEC
?9 days 'rom denial
o' motion 'or
re&onsideration -A0
7676586SC/
;9 days 'rom noti&e
o' .ud)ment or +nal
order or resolution
sou)#t to e
reviewed
0otion 'or
re&onsideration is
reAuired
NOT
Petition +led e'ore
RTC* CA* SC
Petition +led e'ore
SC
Rule 4* Rule ,4
A((ealIPetition 'or
review o' de&isions
o' Duasi >udi&ial
%odies
Petition 'or review
o' .ud)ments and
+nal orders or
resolutions o'
CO0ELEC and CoA
5C days 'rom noti&e ;9 days 'rom noti&e
o' award* +nal
.ud)ment*
resolution
o' .ud)ment or +nal
order sou)#t to e
reviewed
Git# t#e CA Git# t#e SC
CERTIORARI2 PROFIDITION2
MANDAMUS 6Rule ,+9
A= S5 P8
>udi&ial Power in&ludes t#e duty o' t#e
&ourts o' .usti&e to settle a&tual
&ontroversies involvin) ri)#ts w#i&# are
le)ally demandale and en'or&eale* and
to determine w#et#er or not t#ere is )rave
ause o' dis&retion amountin) to la&1 or
e4&ess o' .urisdi&tion on t#e (art o' any
ran&# or instrumentality o' t#e
)overnment"
A= SC P8
6 Review
6 Revise
6 Reverse
6 0odi'y
6 AErm
o On a((eal or &ertiorari* as
t#e law or t#e Rules o' Court
may (rovide* +nal
.ud)ments and orders o'
lower &ourts in!
?" All &ases in w#i&# &onstitutionality
or validity o' any
a" treaty*
" international or e4e&utive
a)reement
&" law
d" (residential de&ree
e" (ro&lamation
'" order
)" instru&tion
#" ordinan&e
i" re)ulation
i" is in Auestion
7" all &ases involvin) t#e le)ality o'
any
a" ta4
" im(ost
&" assessment
d" toll
e" any (enalty im(osed in
relation t#ereto
=" all &ases in w#i&# t#e .urisdi&tion o'
<;
:" all &riminal &ases in w#i&# t#e
(er(etua or #i)#er
59" all &ases in w#i&# only an error or
Auestion o' law is involved
"#at is t#e MATERIAL DATES RULE&
As 'ar as Rule ?C is &on&erned* t#e
'ollowin) material dates must e stated in
t#e veri+ed (etition or else* t#e (etition
would e denied!
5" Noti&e o' t#e order or .ud)ment
8" Date o' t#e +lin) o' t#e motion 'or
re&onsideration
;" Date o' t#e denial o' t#e motion 'or
re&onsideration
Certiorari
6 S(e&ial &ivil a&tion dire&ted to an
in'erior &ourt* triunal* oard or
oE&er dire&tin) .udi&ial or Auasi
.udi&ial 'un&tions* to annul or
modi'y (ro&eedin)s o' su&# &ourt*
triunal* oard or oE&er in t#e
event t#at t#e same #as a&ted wit#
)rave ause o' dis&retion
amountin) to la&1 or e4&ess o'
.urisdi&tion
o See1s to &orre&t errors o'
.urisdi&tion
Pro#iition
6 S(e&ial &ivil a&tion dire&ted a)ainst
any triunal* oard* oE&er or
(erson e4er&isin) .udi&ial* Auasi
.udi&ial* or ministerial 'un&tions* to
desist 'rom 'urt#er (ro&eedin)s in
t#e event t#at t#e same a&ted wit#
)rave ause o' dis&retion
amountin) to la&1 or e4&ess o'
.urisdi&tion
0andamus
6 S(e&ial &ivil a&tion dire&ted a)ainst
any triunal* &or(oration* oard*
oE&er or (erson* to do t#e a&t
reAuired to e done to (rote&t t#e
ri)#ts o' (etitioner and to (ay
dama)es sustained y (etitioner
y reason o' t#e res(ondentFs
wron)'ul a&t* in t#e event t#at t#e
same unlaw'ully ne)le&ted in t#e
(er'orman&e o' ministerial duty or
unlaw'ully e4&luded anot#er 'rom
use and en.oyment o' a ri)#t or
oE&e to w#i&# su&# ot#er is
entitled
DUALIFICATIONS in ALL ;!
6 t#at t#ere is no (lain* s(eedy* or
adeAuate remedy in t#e ordinary
&ourse o' law
Ce$tio$a$i Mandamus P$o#ibition
dis&retionary 0inisterial Dis&retionary
and ministerial
To annul order To order
(er'orman&e
To restrain
(er'orman&e
?9 days 'rom re&ei(t o' +nal .ud)ment or order or
'rom denial o' motion 'or re&onsideration
A)ainst entity
or (erson
e4er&isin) . or
e. 'un&tion
A)ainst entity
or (erson
e4er&isin)
ministerial
'un&tion
A)ainst entity
or (erson
e4er&isin) .* e.*
ministerial
'un&tion
Git#out or 3AD Unlaw'ul
ne)le&t o'
ministerial duty
or e4&luded
anot#er 'rom a
ri)#t or oE&e
Git#out or 3AD
Corre&t errors
o' .urisdi&tion
Per'orman&e o'
a&t or desist
'rom e4&ludin)
anot#er 'rom a
ri)#t or oE&e
To restrain or
(revent
usur(ation o'
.urisdi&tion
E$$o$s o
:u$isdi%tion
E$$o$s o
:ud4ment
Court a&ted wit#
3AD amountin) to
la&1 or e4&ess o'
.urisdi&tion
0isa((re#ension o'
law or 'a&ts y t#e
&ourt
A&tion o' t#e &ourt Valid (ro&eedin)
Corre&tile y
&ertiorari
Corre&tile y
a((eal
Rule ?C Rules <96<;* <C
3eneral Rule! 0<R is reAuired to allow t#e
&ourt to &orre&t its errors
E4&e(tion!
5" w#ere t#e order is a (atent nullity*
as w#ere t#e &ourt #as no
.urisdi&tion
8" w#ere Auestion raised in t#e
&ertiorari (ro&eedin)s #ave een
<<
duly raised and (assed u(on y t#e
lower &ourt* or are t#e same as
t#ose raised and (assed u(on y
t#e lower &ourt
;" w#ere t#ere is an ur)ent ne&essity
'or t#e resolution o' t#e Auestion
and any 'urt#er delay would
(re.udi&e t#e interest o' t#e
)overnment or t#e (etitioner or t#e
su.e&t o' t#e a&tion is (eris#ale
<" w#ere under t#e &ir&umstan&es* a
motion 'or re&onsideration would
e useless
C" w#ere (etitioner was de(rived o'
due (ro&ess* and t#ere is e4treme
ur)en&y 'or relie'
?" w#ere* in a &riminal &ase* relie'
'rom an order o' arrest is ur)ent
and t#e )rantin) o' su&# relie' y
t#e trial &ourt is im(roale
7" w#ere t#e (ro&eedin)s in t#e lower
&ourt are a nullity 'or la&1 o' due
(ro&ess
=" w#ere t#e (ro&eedin) were e4
(arte or in w#i&# t#e (etitioner #ad
no o((ortunity to o.e&t
:" w#ere t#e issue raised is one
(urely o' law or w#ere (uli&
interest is involved
REDUIRE0ENTS!
5" veri+ed (etition in 7 le)ile &o(ies
8" it s#ould e +led not later t#an ?9
days 'rom noti&e o' .ud)ment*
order or resolution sou)#t to e
assailed or 'rom denial o' 0<R
;" &ontain 'ull names and addresses
o' (etitioners and res(ondents*
&on&ise statement o' matters
involved* 'a&tual a&1)round o' t#e
&ase* )rounds relied u(on 'or t#e
relie' (rayed 'or
<" a&&om(anied y &learly le)ile
du(li&ate ori)inals or &erti+ed true
&o(ies o' award* .ud)ment* order*
resolution* rulin) su.e&t
C" &erti+&ation a)ainst 'orum
s#o((in)
?" (ay do&1et and law'ul 'ees* C99 'or
&osts
7" serve &o(y u(on adverse (arty or
(arties and t#e &ourt
=" servi&e and +lin) to e done
(ersonally* wit# e4(lanation i' not
done (ersonally
3eneral rule!
Certiorari is not a sustitute 'or lost a((eal
E4&e(t!
6 denial o' due (ro&ess
6 a((eal is not a remedy
o no a((eal or no (lain*
s(eedy* adeAuate remedy
6 &ourt wit#out .urisdi&tion
6 w#en de(rived o' sustantial ri)#ts
Note! in t#e &ases* in event o' denial o'
(etition* and in e4er&ise o' ori)inal
.urisdi&tion* remedy is APPEAL
0TC to RTC6 Rule <9
RTC to CA6 Rule <5 -ori)inal/* Rule <8
-a((ellate/
CA to SC6 Rule <C
T#e aove6stated is t#e PRINCIPLE OF
2IERARC2L OF COURTS
6 su(erior &ourts would not ta1e
&o)ni$an&e o' a &ase rou)#t
e'ore it unless t#e &ase #as een
de&ided y t#e lower &ourts in t#e
e4er&ise o' its .urisdi&tion
Same (rin&i(le in &ertiorari!
0TC to RTC6 ?9 days
RTC to CA6 ?9 days
CA to SC6 ?9 days
?C vs <C -sim(li+ed/
Rule ,+ Rule 4+
?9 days 5C Days
0otion 'or
re&onsideration
Not
<C
reAuired
Duestions o'
.urisdi&tion
Duestions o' law
SC* CA* RTC SC
S(e&ial &ivil a&tion 0ode o'
a((ealI(etition 'or
review
Rule ?C as amended y Am 767658!
Se&" <" G#en and w#ere to +le t#e
(etition"
T#e (etition s#all e +led not late$ t#an
si>t5 6,09 da5s $om noti%e o t#e
@ud4ment2 o$de$ o$ $esolution( In &ase
a motion o$ $e%onside$ation o$ new
t$ial is timel5 Gled2 w#et#er su&#
motion is reAuired or not* t#e 3etition
s#all be Gled not late$ t#an si>t5 6,09
da5s %ounted $om t#e noti%e o t#e
denial o t#e motion(
I' t#e (etition relates to an a%t o$ an
omission o a muni%i3al t$ial %ou$t o$
o a %o$3o$ation2 a boa$d2 an oI%e$
o$ a 3e$son* it s#all e +led wit# t#e
Re4ional T$ial Cou$t e>e$%isin4
@u$isdi%tion ove$ t#e te$$ito$ial a$ea
as deGned b5 t#e Su3$eme Cou$t( It
may also e +led wit# t#e Cou$t o
A33eals or wit# t#e Sandi4anba5an*
w#et#er or not t#e same is in aid o' t#e
&ourts a((ellate .urisdi&tion" I' t#e (etition
involves an a%t o$ an omission o a
Huasi7@udi%ial a4en%52 unless
ot#e$wise 3$ovided b5 law o$ t#ese
$ules2 t#e (etition s#all e +led wit# and
e &o)ni$ale onl5 b5 t#e Cou$t o
A33eals(
In ele&tion &ases involvin) an a&t or an
omission o' a muni&i(al or a re)ional trial
&ourt* t#e (etition s#all e +led e4&lusively
wit# t#e Commission on Ele&tions* in aid o'
its a((ellate .urisdi&tion"
NO 0ORE EQTENSION OF TI0E IS 3IVEN
TO FILE CERTIORARIR
M4R based on
Rule ,+
M4R based on
Rule *-
O' interlo&utory
order* as
O' +nal .ud)ment or
+nal order* not
(re(aration to +le
&ertiorari
in&ludin)
interlo&utory orders
BUO "ARRANTO 6Rule ,,9
6 (ro&eedin) or writ issued y t#e
&ourt to determine t#e ri)#t to t#e
use or e4er&ise o' an oE&e*
(osition or 'ran&#ise and to oust
t#e (erson #oldin) or e4er&isin)
su&# oE&e* (osition or 'ran&#ise i'
#is ri)#t is un'ounded or i' #e #ad
'or'eited #is ri)#t to en.oy t#e
(rivile)e
8 1inds o' Auo warranto!
5" usur(ation o' (uli& oE&e
8" dissolution o' a de 'a&to
&or(oration
Rule ?? S5
An a&tion 'or usur(ation o' a (uli& oE&e*
(osition* or 'ran&#ise may e &ommen&ed
y a veri+ed (etition rou)#t in t#e name
o' t#e Re(uli& o' t#e P#ili((ines a)ainst!
a" a (erson w#o usur(s* intrudes into*
or unlaw'ully #olds or e4er&ises a
(uli& oE&e* (osition* or 'ran&#ise
" a (uli& oE&er w#o does or su,ers
an a&t w#i&# y (rovision o' law
&onstitutes a )round 'or t#e
'or'eiture o' #is oE&e
&" an asso&iation w#i&# a&ts as a
&or(oration wit#in t#e P#ils wit#out
ein) le)ally in&or(orated or
wit#out law'ul aut#ority to a&t
HSol 3en &ommen&es a&tion -S8* S;/
Period! -S55/
Git#in 5 LEAR
6 a'ter &ause o' ouster or ri)#t o'
(etitioner to #old su&# oE&e* or
(osition arose
Git#in 5 LEAR -a&tion 'or dama)es/
6 a'ter entry o' .ud)ment
estalis#in) (etitionerFs ri)#t to t#e
oE&e in Auestion
in s#ort"""
<?
wit#in 5 LEAR 'rom usur(ation o' (uli&
oE&e
RE0EDL IF DENIED! A((eal
>urisdi&tion and Venue!
RTC* CA* SC
I' Soli&itor 3eneral +les6 RTC* CA* SC
I' ot#er (erson +les6 R< S5 R< S8
Buo "a$$anto
Ele%tion Code
Buo "a$$anto
Rule ,,
Ele&tion Code Rules o' Court
CO0ELEC* RTC" 0TC RTC* CA* SC
Omnius Ele&tion
Code
%asis! A= Consti*
R??
Not Su.e&t to %P58:
Can e +led wit#
0TC
Cannot e +led wit#
0TC
Contest ri)#t o'
ele&ted (uli&
oE&er to #old
(uli& oE&e
S#ow title to (uli&
oE&e or e4er&ise
(uli& 'ran&#ise
Ineli)iility or
disAuali+&ation o'
(erson ele&ted to
#old t#e oE&e
Usur(ation*
'or'eiture* ille)al
asso&iation
Git#in 59 days a'ter
(ro&lamation o'
&andidate
Git#in 5 year 'rom
usur(ation o' oE&e
Filed y any voter Filed y )overnment
or (erson entitled to
t#e oE&e
E>3$o3$iation 6Rule ,-9
Eminent Domain6 ri)#t and aut#ority o'
t#e State to a&Auire (rivate (ro(erty 'or
(uli& use u(on oservan&e o' due
(ro&ess and (ayment o' .ust
&om(ensation
E>3$o3$iation6 (ro&edure to e oserved
in t#e e4er&ise o' t#e ri)#t o' eminent
domain
A; S:
Private (ro(erty s#all not e ta1en 'or
(uli& use wit#out (ayment o' .ust
&om(ensation
>urisdi&tion! RTC* in&a(ale o' (e&uniary
estimation -%P58:/
Venue! G#ere t#e (ro(erty is lo&ated
%asis! -a&tion involvin) title to or real
(ro(erty under R< S5/
CANNOT %E FILED GIT2 SC* e&ause
under EO .ur o' RTC
NOTE! E4(ro(riation is an instan&e w#ere
multi(le a((eals are +led -;9 day re&ord
on a((eal in &ase o' multi(le a((eal/
G#yK * o$de$s issued unde$ Rule ,-!
5" order o' &om(ensation
8" order o' e4(ro(riation
;" +nal order o' .ust &om(ensation
Remed5 o 3e$son ate$
e>3$o3$iation2 no 3a5ment made!
6 re&over (ro(erty 'rom e4(ro(riator
wit#in C years a'ter non (ayment
?ORECLOSURE O? MORT;A;E 6Rule
,.9
-Tan* 2andoo1 on Civil Pro&edure and
(leadin)s* (( 5<865<C/
?o$e%losu$e
6 a&tion y w#i&# a mort)a)ee or
(led)e or any ot#er lien #older &uts
o, t#e ri)#t o' detor w#ose
(ro(erty is (led)ed* e&ause o'
de'ault in meetin) t#e oli)ation
?o$e%losu$e o Mo$t4a4e
6 termination o' all t#e ri)#ts o' t#e
mort)a)or in t#e (ro(erty &overed
y t#e mort)a)e
0anner o' 'ore&losure o' mort)a)e!
Rule ?= S5
Contents o' a&tion!
5" date and due e4e&ution o'
mort)a)e
<7
8" assi)nments* i' any
;" names and residen&es o'
mort)a)or and mort)a)ee
<" des&ri(tion o' mort)a)ed (ro(erty
C" statement o' date o' t#e note or
ot#er do&umentary eviden&e o' t#e
oli)ation se&ured y t#e mort)a)e
?" amount &laimed to e un(aid
t#ereon
7" names and residen&es o' all
(ersons #avin) o' &laimin) interest
in t#e (ro(erty suordinate in ri)#t
to t#at o' t#e #older o' t#e
mort)a)e* all o' w#om s#all e
made de'endants in t#e a&tion
Nature o' A&tion!
6 DUASI IN RE0
6 Servi&e o' summons y (uli&ation
>urisdi&itonIVenue!
0TC6RTC 896C9 O00 00 lower #i)#er
G#ere real (ro(erty or (ortion t#ereo' is
situated -R< S5/
Classi+&ation o' Fore&losure o' 0ort)a)e!
'( :UDICIAL ?ORECLOSURE
To #ave t#e (ro(erty sei$ed and sold y
t#e &ourt order to t#e end t#at t#e
(ro&eeds t#ereo' e a((lied to (ayment o'
(lainti,Fs &laim
)( E: ?ORECLOSURE
Possession o' (ro(erty sold may e )iven
to (ur&#aser y s#eri, a'ter t#e (eriod o'
redem(tion #ad e4(ired* unless t#ere is a
t#ird (erson a&tually #oldin) t#e (ro(erty
adversely to t#e mort)a)or
Remedies o' 0ort)a)ee in &ase o' de'ault
o' mort)a)orIwaiver o' ri)#t to 'ore&lose!
a" >udi&ial or e4tra.udi&ial 'ore&losure
o' mort)a)e
" Filin) o' ordinary a&tion to &olle&t
det
6 2ere* under * deemed to #ave
waived #is ri)#t to (ro&eed a)ainst
t#e (ro(erty in a 'ore&losure
(ro&eedin)
Ri4#t o
Redem3tion
EHuit5 o
Redem3tion
E4ists in E>
'ore&losure
E4ists in >
'ore&losure
%y mort)a)ee
wit#in 5 year 'rom
re)istration o' t#e
sale in t#e OE&e o'
t#e Re)istry o'
Deeds
%y mort)a)or
durin) not less t#an
:9 days nor more
t#an 589 days 'rom
entry o' .ud)ment
or 'ore&losure or
even a'ter
'ore&losure sale ut
e'ore .udi&ial
&on+rmation o' t#e
same
> Fore&losure* no ri)#t o' redem(tion*
e4&e(t only i' mor)a)ee is a an1
PARTITION 6Rule ,/9
(leadin)s* (( 5<=65<:/
6 Se(aration* division* assi)nment o'
a t#in) #eld in &ommon amon)
t#ose to w#om it may elon)
Classes o 3a$tition!
5" Volunta$56 division o' (ro(erty y
t#e a&t o' t#e (arties t#emselves
8" Com3ulso$56 (artition y .udi&ial
(ro&eedin)s at t#e instan&e o' one
or more o' t#e &o tenants wit#out
re)ard to t#e wis#es o' t#e ot#er &o
tenants
Ainds o Pa$tition
'( Total6 all t#e t#in)s are divided
amon) t#e (arti&i(ants
)( Pa$tial6 w#en some o' t#e t#in)s
are divided* t#e rest remainin) in
&ommunity owners#i(
*( P$ovisional6 w#en it is tem(orary
or &onditional* until a +nal or
de+nite division is made
<=
4( DeGnite6 w#en t#e resultin)
division is (ermanent* +nal* and
asolute
+( :udi%ial6 ta1es (la&e w#en &ourt
intervenes and a((roves t#e
(etition
,( E>t$a@udi%ial7 division may e
made y testator #imsel' or y
some (erson named y de&eased
or ami&aly y interested #eirs y
&ommon a)reement -Rule 7< S5/
R,/ S'
A (erson #avin) t#e ri)#t to &om(el
(artition o' real estate may do so as
(rovided in t#is Rule* settin) 'ort# in #is
&om(laint t#e nature and e4tent o' #is title
and an adeAuate des&ri(tion o' t#e real
estate o' w#i&# (artition is demanded and
.oinin) as de'endants all ot#er (ersons
interested in t#e (ro(erty
Covers! REAL or PERSONAL PROPERTL
>urisdi&tionIVenue!
0TC RTC 896C9 ;996<99 O00 00 lower
#i)#er
R< S5 R< S8
In &ase o' adverse resolution!
0ULTIPLE APPEALS6 ;9 day re&ord on
a((eal -R?: S8/
G#yK -tin)in 1o lan)/
Orders under Rule ?:!
5" Order o' (artition
8" Order o' a&&ountin)
NOTE! Partition is one mode o' settlement
o' estate o' t#e de&eased -relate to R7C6
77/
?ORCIDLE ENTRC AND UNLA"?UL
DETAINER 6Rule -0 in $elation to
Rules on Summa$5 P$o%edu$e9
-issue is t#at o' (ossession/
(leadin)s* (( 5C;65C=/
Real A&tion M A&tion in (ersonam6 involves
(ossession o' real (ro(erty* indin) u(on
t#e (arties
NOTE! ; 1inds o' re&overy o' real (ro(erty
5" A%%ion inte$di%tal6 summary
a&tion 'or re&overy o' (#ysi&al
(ossession o' t#e (ro(erty w#ere
dis(ossession #as lasted 'or more
t#an 5 yearJ FE or UD
8" A%%ion 3ubli%iana6 (lenary a&tion
'or re&overy o' real ri)#t o'
POSSESSION
;" A%%ion $eivindi%ato$ia6 a&tion 'or
re&overy o' OGNERS2IP
E@e%tment6 'orm o' a&tion y w#i&#
(ossessory titles to &or(oreal
#ereditariments may e tried and
(ossession otained w#i&# lies to re)ain
(ossession o' real (ro(erty* wit# dama)es
'or ille)al detention
8 1inds! FE and UD
?o$%ible Ent$5 Unlawul Detaine$
Person in (#ysi&al
(ossession o' land
was de(rived o'
(ossession t#rou)#
FISTS
Git##oldin) y a
(erson o'
(ossession o' land
or uildin)
Unlaw'ul a initio Le)al ut e&omes
ille)al
Not reAuire demand
to va&ate
Pay AND va&ateJ
.urisdi&tional
Prove (rior
(ossession until
de(rived
No need to (rove
(rior (#ysi&al
(ossession
5 y 'rom date o'
a&tual entry on land
5 year 'rom date o'
last demand
Filed y! R79 S5
Person de(rived o' (ossession o' land or
uildin) y FISTS* or lessor* vendor*
vendee* ot#er (erson a)ainst w#om
(ossession o' any land or uildin) is
unlaw'ully wit##eld
>urisdi&tionIVenue!
0TC o' t#e (la&e w#ere (ro(erty or (ortion
t#ereo' is situated -R< S5/
Pro&eedin)s SU00ARL IN NATURER -Rules
on Summary Pro&edure/
<:
Pertinent Provisions o' t#e Rules on
Summary Pro&edure!
-note t#e same""" a((lies to all &ases
su.e&t to Rules on Summary Pro&edure*
ESPECIALLL PRO2I%ITED PLEADIN3S AND
0OTIONS/
S;6 Pleadin)s
T#e only (leadin)s allowed to e +led are
t#e!
5" Com(laints
8" Com(ulsory &ounter&laims
;" Cross &laims (leaded in t#e answer
<" Answers t#ereto
VERIFIEDR
S<6 Duty o' t#e Court
A'ter t#e &ourt determines t#at t#e &ase
'alls under summary (ro&edure* it may*
'rom an e4amination o' t#e alle)ations
t#erein and su&# eviden&e as may e
atta&#ed t#ereto* dismiss t#e &ase
outri)#t on any o' t#e )rounds a((arent
t#ere'rom 'or t#e dismissal o' a &ivil
a&tion" I' no )round 'or dismissal is 'ound
it s#all 'ort#wit# issue summons w#i&#
s#all state t#at t#e summary (ro&edure
under t#is Rule s#all a((ly"
SC6 Answer
Git#in 59 days 'rom servi&e o' summons*
t#e de'endant s#all +le #is answer to t#e
&om(laint and serve a &o(y t#ereo' on t#e
(lainti," AErmative and ne)ative
de'enses not (leaded t#erein s#all e
deemed waived* e4&e(t 'or la&1 o'
.urisdi&tion over t#e su.e&t matter" Cross
&laims and &om(ulsory &ounter&laims not
asserted in t#e answer s#all e &onsidered
arred" T#e answer to &ounter&laims or
&ross &laims s#all e +led and served
wit#in 59 days 'rom servi&e o' t#e answer
in w#i&# t#ey are (leaded"
6 Git#in 59 DALS 'rom servi&e o'
summons
o Rule 79
o Summ Pro
S?6 E,e&t o' Failure to answer
S#ould t#e de'endant 'ail to answer t#e
&om(laint wit#in t#e (eriod aove
(rovided* t#e &ourt* motu (ro(rio or on
motion o' t#e (lainti,* s#all render
.ud)ment as may e warranted y t#e
'a&ts alle)ed in t#e &om(laint and limited
to w#at is (rayed 'or t#erein" Provided*
#owever* t#at t#e &ourt may in its
dis&retion redu&e t#e amount o' dama)es
and AF &laimed 'or ein) e4&essive or
ot#erwise un&ons&ionale" T#is is wit#out
(re.udi&e to a((li&aility o' R5C S< o' t#e
Rules o' Court* i' t#ere are 8 or more
de'endants"
S76 Preliminary &on'eren&eJ a((earan&e o'
(arties
Not later t#an ;9 days a'ter t#e last
answer is +led* a (reliminary &on'eren&e
s#all e #eld" T#e rules on (re trial in
ordinary &ases s#all e a((li&ale to t#e
(reliminary &on'eren&e unless in&onsistent
wit# t#e (rovisions o' t#is Rule"
T#e 'ailure o' t#e (lainti, to a((ear in t#e
(reliminary &on'eren&e s#all e &ause 'or
dismissal o' t#e &om(laint" T#e de'endant
w#o a((ears in t#e asen&e o' (lainti,
s#all e entitled to .ud)ment on #is
&ounter&laim in a&&ordan&e wit# S?
#ereo'" All &ross &laims s#all e dismissed"
I' a sole de'endant s#all 'ail to a((ear* t#e
(lainti, s#all e entitled to .ud)ment in
a&&ordan&e wit# S? #ereo'" T#is Rule s#all
not a((ly w#ere one o' 8 or more
de'endants sued under a &ommon &ause
o' a&tion w#o #ad (leaded a &ommon
de'ense s#all a((ear at t#e (reliminary
&on'eren&e"
S=6 Re&ord o' Preliminary Con'eren&e
Git#in C days a'ter t#e termination o' t#e
(reliminary &on'eren&e* t#e &ourt s#all
issue an order statin) t#e matters ta1en
u( t#erein* in&ludin) ut not limited to!
a" G#et#er t#e (arties #ave arrived at
an ami&ale settlement* and i' so*
t#e terms t#ereo'
" T#e sti(ulations or admissions
entered into y t#e (arties
&" G#et#er* on t#e asis o' t#e
(leadin)s and t#e sti(ulations and
admissions made y t#e (arties*
.ud)ment may e rendered wit#out
t#e need o' 'urt#er (ro&eedin)s* in
w#i&# e,e&t t#e .ud)ment s#all e
rendered wit#in ;9 days 'rom
issuan&e o' t#e order
d" A &lear s(e&i+&ation o' material
'a&ts w#i&# remain &ontroverted
e" Su&# ot#er matters intended to
e4(edite t#e dis(osition o' t#e &ase
S:6 Sumission o' aEdavits and (osition
(a(ers
C9
Git#in 59 days 'rom re&ei(t o' t#e order
mentioned in t#e ne4t (re&edin) se&tion*
t#e (arties s#all sumit t#e aEdavits o'
t#eir witnesses and ot#er eviden&e on t#e
'a&tual issues de+ned in t#e order*
to)et#er wit# t#eir (osition (a(ers settin)
'ort# t#e law and t#e 'a&ts relied u(on y
t#em"
S596 Rendition o' .ud)ment
Git#in ;9 days a'ter re&ei(t o' t#e last
aEdavits and (osition (a(ers* or t#e
e4(iration o' t#e (eriod 'or +lin) t#e same*
t#e &ourt s#all render .ud)ment"
2owever* s#ould t#e &ourt +nd it
ne&essary to &lari'y &ertain material 'a&ts*
it may* durin) t#e said (eriod* issue an
order s(e&i'yin) t#e matter to e &lari+ed*
and reAuire t#e (arties to sumit aEdavits
or ot#er eviden&e on t#e said matters
wit#in 59 days 'rom re&ei(t o' said order"
>ud)ment s#all e rendered wit#in 5C days
a'ter t#e re&ei(t o' t#e last &lari+&atory
aEdavits* or t#e e4(iration o' t#e (eriod
'or +lin) t#e same"
T#e &ourt s#all not resort to t#e
&lari+&atory (ro&edure to )ain time 'or t#e
rendition o' t#e .ud)ment"
S5=6 Re'erral to Lu(on
Cases reAuirin) re'erral to t#e Lu(on
under t#e (rovisions o' PD5C9= w#ere
t#ere is no s#owin) o' &om(lian&e wit#
su&# reAuirement* s#all e dismissed
wit#out (re.udi&e and may e revived only
a'ter su&# reAuirement s#all #ave een
&om(lied wit#"
S5:6 Pro#iited (leadin)s and motions
T#e 'ollowin) (leadin)s* motions* or
(etitions s#all not e allowed in t#e &ases
&overed y t#is Rule!
a" 0otion to dismiss t#e &om(laint or
to Auas# t#e &om(laint or
in'ormation e4&e(t on t#e )round
o' la&1 o' .urisdi&tion over t#e
su.e&t matter* or 'ailure to &om(ly
wit# t#e (re&edin) se&tion
" 0otion 'or a ill o' (arti&ulars
&" 0otion 'or new trial* or 'or
re&onsideration o' a .ud)ment* or
'or o(enin) o' trial
d" Petition 'or relie' 'rom .ud)ment
e" 0otion 'or e4tension o' time to +le
(leadin)s* aEdavits* or any ot#er
(a(er
'" 0emoranda
)" Petition 'or &ertiorari* mandamus*
or (ro#iition a)ainst any
interlo&utory order issued y t#e
&ourt
#" 0otion to de&lare de'endant in
de'ault
i" Dilatory motions 'or (ost(onement
." Re(ly
1" T#ird (arty &om(laints
l" Interventions
S896 AEdavits
T#e aEdavits reAuired to e sumitted
under t#is Rule s#all state only 'a&ts o'
dire&t (ersonal 1nowled)e o' t#e aEants
w#i&# are admissile in eviden&e* and
s#all s#ow t#eir &om(eten&e to testi'y to
t#e matters stated t#erein"
A violation o' t#is reAuirement may
su.e&t t#e (arty or t#e &ounsel w#o
sumits t#e same to dis&i(linary a&tion*
and s#all e &ause to e4(un)e t#e
inadmissile aEdavit or (ortion t#ereo'
'rom t#e re&ord"
S856 A((eal
T#e .ud)ment or +nal order s#all e
a((ealale to t#e a((ro(riate RTC w#i&#
s#all de&ide t#e same in a&&ordan&e wit#
S88 o' %P58:" T#e de&ision o' t#e RTC in
&ivil &ases )overned y t#is Rule in&ludin)
'or&ile entry and unlaw'ul detainer* s#all
e immediately e4e&utor* wit#out
(re.udi&e to a 'urt#er a((eal t#at may e
ta1en t#ere'rom" S59 o' Rule 79 s#all e
deemed re(ealed"
6 5C DALS 'rom noti&e o' .ud)ment or
+nal order* noti&e o' a((eal M ond
to RTC
o NO 0<R -(ro#iited
(leadin)/
2owever* i' RTC de&ision adverse* -in
e4er&ise o' a((ellate .urisdi&tion/* 0<R
(wede na
6 0TC Summary Pro&edure* only u(
to 0TC level lan)
o On&e t#e &ase was elevated
to RTC* it is no lon)er
C5
summary* ut is )overned
y rules on Ordinary Civil
A&tions
In.un&tion in FE and UD!
For&ily Entry I UnlawFul Detainer6 LES
R79 S5C
Court may )rant (reliminary in.un&tion* in
a&&ordan&e wit# t#e (rovisions o' RC=
t#ereo'* to (revent de'endant 'rom
&ommittin) 'urt#er a&ts o' dis(ossession
a)ainst (lainti,"
A (ossessor de(rived o' (ossession
t#rou)# Fe or UD may* wit#in C days 'rom
+lin) o' &om(laint* (resent a motion in t#e
a&tion 'or FE UD 'or issuan&e o' writ o'
(reliminary mandatory in.un&tion to
restore #im in #is (ossession" T#e &ourt
s#all de&ide t#e motion wit#in ;9 days
'rom +lin) t#ereo'
R79 S89
U(on motion o' (lainti,* wit#in 59 days
'rom (er'e&tion o' a((eal to t#e RTC* t#e
latter may issue a writ o' (reliminary
mandatory in.un&tion to restore (lainti, in
(ossession i' t#e &ourt is satis+ed t#at
6 de'endantFs a((eal is 'rivolous or
dilatory* or
6 t#at t#e a((eal o' (lainti, is (rima
'a&ie meritorious
CONTEMPT 6Rule -'9
(leadin)s* (( 5?865??/
Contem3t
6 wil'ul disre)ard or disoedien&e to
&ourt* a&tin) in o((osition to
aut#ority* .usti&e* di)nity
Contem3t o Cou$t
6 &ondu&t w#i&# tends to rin)
aut#ority and administration o' law
into disres(e&t or to inter'ere wit#
or (re.udi&e (arties liti)ant or t#eir
witnesses durin) liti)ation
8 &lassi+&ations o' &ontem(t!
5" Dire&t Contem(t -R75 S5/
8" Indire&t Contem(t -R75 S8/
DISCUSSION!
'( DIRECT CONTEMPT 6S'9
6 A remedy
A&ts &overed!
6 0ise#aviour in (resen&e o' or so
near t#e &ourt as to ostru&t or
interru(t (ro&eedin)s e'ore t#e
same
6 Disres(e&t toward t#e &ourt
6 O,ensive (ersonalities towards
(eo(le in &ourt
6 Re'usal to e sworn or to answer as
a witness
6 Re'usal to sus&rie an aEdavit or
de(osition w#en law'ully reAuired
to do so
Punis#ment!
-RTCIo' eAuivalent or #i)#er ran1/
F! not e4&eedin) 81 OR
I! not e4&eedin) 59 days* OR %OT2
-lower &ourt/
F! not e4&eedin) 899
I! not e4&eedin) 5 day* OR %OT2
Remedy! CERTIORARI or PRO2I%ITION -R75
S8/
)( INDIRECT CONTEMPT 6S*9
6 0ain I Ori)inal a&tion
o Can e +led in RTC or 0TC
A&tions &overed!
a" 0ise#aviour o' an oE&er o'
a &ourt in t#e (er'orman&e
C8
o' #is oE&ial duties or in #is
oE&ial transa&tions
" Disoedien&e o' or
resistan&e to a law'ul writ*
(ro&ess* order* .ud)ment o'
a &ourt* in&ludin) a%t o
3e$son w#o2 ate$ bein4
dis3ossessed o$ e@e%ted
$om an5 $eal 3$o3e$t5
b5 t#e @ud4ment o$
3$o%ess o an5 %ou$t o
%om3etent @u$isdi%tion2
ente$s o$ attem3ts o$
indu%es anot#e$ to ente$
into o$ u3on su%# $eal
3$o3e$t52 o$ t#e 3u$3ose
o e>e%utin4 a%ts o
owne$s#i3 o$ 3ossession2
o$ in an5 manne$
distu$bs 3ossession
4iven to t#e 3e$son
ad@ud4ed to be entitled
t#e$eo
Note #i)#li)#ted! &ase in 0TC
w#ere &ase is (endin)
6 I' a'ter e.e&tment* re entered t#e
(ro(erty* indire&t &ontem(t -relate
to Rule 79/
&" Any ause o' or any
unlaw'ul inter'eren&e wit#
t#e (ro&esses or
(ro&eedin)s o' t#e &ourt not
&onstitutin) dire&t &ontem(t
as under S5
d" Im(ro(er &ondu&t tendin)*
dire&tly or indire&tly* to
im(ede* ostru&t* de)rade
administration o' .usti&e
e" Assumin) to e an attorney
or oE&er o' t#e &ourt and
a&tin) as su&# wit#out
aut#ority
'" Failure to oey su(oena
duly served
)" T#e res&ue* or attem(ted
res&ue* o' a (erson or
(ro(erty in t#e &ustody o'
an oE&er y virtue o' an
order or (ro&ess o' a &ourt
#eld y #im
Remedy! -R75 S55/
A((eal to (ro(er &ourt as in &riminal &ases
Di$e%t Contem3t Indi$e%t Contem3t
In (resen&e o' a
.ud)e* motu (ro(rio
or u(on motion
Cant initiate Initiate
In (resen&e or so
near .ud)e
Not in (resen&e o'
.ud)e* disoey &ourt
order
Rem! &ertiorari Rem! a((eal
remedy Ori)inal a&tion
:pon -lin+ of "o0plaint, plainti? 0a opt
to -le notice of lis pendens *ith the
re+ister of deeds
Noti%e o Lis Pendens
Ouyer ewareP
Noti&e to uyer o' e4isten&e o' an
adverse &laim
It is not a (leadin)
T#ere is need to re)ister it wit# t#e
re)ister o' deeds
Rule 5;
Se&tion 5<
In an a&tion a,e&tin) t#e title or t#e ri)#t
o' (ossession o' real (ro(erty* t#e (lainti,
and t#e de'endant* w#en aErmative relie'
is &laimed in #is answer* may re&ord in t#e
oE&e o' t#e re)istry o' deeds o' t#e
(rovin&e in w#i&# t#e (ro(erty is situated
a noti&e o' t#e (enden&y o' t#e a&tion
Said noti&e s#all &ontain t#e names o' t#e
(arties and t#e o.e&t o' t#e a&tion or
de'ense* and a des&ri(tion o' t#e (ro(erty
in t#at (rovin&e a,e&ted t#erey
Only 'rom t#e time o' +lin) su&# noti&e 'or
re&ord s#all
a (ur&#aser*
or en&umran&er
o' t#e (ro(erty a,e&ted t#erey*
e deemed to #ave &onstru&tive noti&e o'
t#e (enden&y o' t#e a&tion* and
only its (enden&y a)ainst t#e (arties
desi)nated y t#eir real names
C;
T#e noti&e o' t#e lis (endens #ereinaove
mentioned
may e &an&elled
only u(on order o' t#e &ourt*
a'ter (ro(er s#owin) t#at
t#e noti&e is 'or t#e (ur(ose o' molestin)
t#e adverse (arty* or
t#at it is not ne&essary to (rote&t t#e
ri)#ts o' t#e (arty w#o &aused it to e
re&orded
?ILIN; AND SERVICE o t#e
3leadin4
Di1e$entiate! ?ilin4 $om se$vi%e
R5; S8
Filin) is t#e a%t o 3$esentin4 t#e
3leadin4 o$ 3a3e$ to t#e %le$8 o
%ou$t(
Servi&e is t#e a%t o 3$ovidin4 a 3a$t5
wit# a %o35 o t#e 3leadin4 o$ 3a3e$
%on%e$ned(
"#at a$e t#e 3a3e$s $eHui$ed to be
Gled and se$ved unde$ Rule '*&
-PA0NO>DORS/
Pleadin) suseAuent to t#e
&om(laint
A((earan&e
Gritten 0otion
Noti&e
Order
>ud)ment
Demand
O,er o' .ud)ment
Resolution
Similar (a(ers
"#at a$e t#e modes o se$vi%e o
3leadin4& 6R'* S+9
Personal Servi&e -R5; S?/
Servi&e y Re)istered 0ail -R5; S7/
Sustituted Servi&e -R 5; S=/
Fow is it done&
Pe$sonal Se$vi%e
R5; S?
Servi&e o' (a(ers may e made
%y deliverin) (ersonally a &o(y to
t#e (arty or #is &ounsel or
%y leavin) it in #is oE&e wit# t#e
&ler1 or a (erson #avin) &#ar)e
t#ereo'
I' no (erson is 'ound in #is oE&e or #is
oE&e is not 1nown or #e #as no oE&e*
t#en*
%y leavin) t#e &o(y etween t#e
#ours o' = in t#e mornin) and ? in
t#e evenin) at t#e (artyFs or
&ounselFs residen&e* i' 1nown* wit#
a (erson o' suE&ient a)e and
dis&retion t#en residin) t#erein
NOTE! NO TENDERIN3 under Rule 5; S?R
Sa summons lan) yon* w#en
de'endant re'uses to a&&e(t t#e
same
Se$vi%e b5 mail
R5; S7
Servi&e y re)istered mail s#all e made
y
de(ositin) t#e &o(y in t#e (ost
oE&e*
in a sealed envelo(e
(lainly addressed to t#e (arty or
#is &ounsel at #is oE&e* i' 1nown*
ot#erwise* at #is residen&e* i'
1nown*
wit# (osta)e 'ully (re(aid and wit#
instru&tions to t#e (ostmaster to
return t#e mail to t#e sender a'ter
59 days i' undelivered
I' no re)istry servi&e is availale in t#e
lo&ality o' eit#er in t#e sender or t#e
addressee* servi&e may e done y
ordinary mail"
IF de'endant re'uses ot# modes o'
servi&e* resort to!
Substituted Se$vi%e
R5; S=
C<
I' servi&e o' (leadin)s* motions* noti&es*
resolutions* orders* or ot#er (a(ers &annot
e made under t#e 8 (re&edin) se&tion*
t#e oE&e and (la&e o' residen&e o' t#e
(arty or #is &ounsel ein) un1nown*
servi&e may e made y!
Deliverin) t#e &o(y to t#e &ler1 o'
&ourt* wit# (roo' o' 'ailure o' ot#
(ersonal servi&e and servi&e y
mail
T#e servi&e is &om(lete at t#e time o'
su&# delivery"
Note! Ga) i(a)#alo an) (rovisions n) Rule
5; and Rule 5<RRR
E,e&t o' non &om(lian&e wit# (ersonal
servi&eK
Note! Servi&e ot#er t#an (ersonal servi&e
R5; S55
G#enever (ra&ti&ale* t#e servi&e and
+lin) o' (leadin)s and ot#er (a(ers s#all
e done (ersonally"
E4&e(t wit# res(e&t to (a(ers emanatin)
'rom t#e &ourt* a resort to ot#er modes
must e a&&om(anied y a written
e4(lanation w#y t#e servi&e or +lin) was
not done (ersonally"
A violation o' t#is rule may e &ause to
&onsider t#e (a(er as not +led"
State in detail! E,e&ts
5" A violation o' t#is rule may e
&ause to &onsider t#e (a(er as not
+led -R5; S55/
8" T#e (leadin)I(a(er would not e
admissile in &ourt
;" Gould not toll t#e runnin) o' t#e
re)lementary (eriod
<" In &ase o' de'endant* it will NOT
RESULT in de'endant ein)
de&lared in de'ault
C" Rat#er* t#e (leadin) (rodu&es no
le)al e,e&t
"#en is se$vi%e deemed %om3leted&
Pe$sonal Se$vi%e 6R'* S'09
Personal servi&e is %om3lete u3on
a%tual delive$5 o$ b5 #andlin4 a %o35
to deendant
Se$vi%e b5 mail 6R'* S'09
Servi&e y ordinary mail is %om3lete
u3on t#e e>3i$ation o '0 da5s ate$
mailin42 unless t#e %ou$t ot#e$wise
3$ovides(
Servi&e y re)istered mail is %om3lete
u3on a%tual $e%ei3t b5 t#e add$essee
o$ ate$ + da5s $om t#e date #e
$e%eived t#e G$st noti%e o t#e
3ostmaste$2 w#i%#eve$ date is ea$lie$(
Substituted Se$vi%e 6R'* S.9
Sustituted servi&e is %om3lete at t#e
time o delive$5 o t#e %o35 to t#e
%le$8 o %ou$t2 wit# 3$oo o ailu$e o
bot# 3e$sonal se$vi%e o$ se$vi%e b5
mail(
"#at is %onst$u%tive se$vi%e o
3leadin4&
R5; S59
Servi&e y re)istered mail is &om(lete""
""a'ter C days 'rom t#e date #e re&eived
t#e noti&e o' t#e (ostmaster* w#i&#ever
date is earlier
FILIN36 Rule 5; S56 wit# t#e oE&e wit# t#e
&ler1 o' &ourt
ReAuired in ALL INITIATORL
PLEADIN3S
M PAL0ENT OF T2E REDUISITE DOC@ET
FEES -See Rule 5 Se&tion C/
Pa) 1ulan)* &ourt to order &orre&t
(ayment
NOTE! Do&1et 'ees are sus(ended
in &om(ulsory &ounter&laims -SC
Resolution :68569</
I? 5ou %annot 3a5 do%8et ees2
REMEDC&
File a motion to e de&lared as
(au(er liti)ant -R; S85/
CC
R; S856 A (arty may e aut#ori$ed to
liti)ate #is a&tion* &laim* or de'ense as an
indi)ent i' t#e &ourt* u(on an e4 (arte
a((li&ation and #earin)* is satis+ed t#at
t#e (arty is t#e one w#o #as no money or
(ro(erty suE&ient and availale 'or 'ood*
s#elter* and asi& ne&essities 'or #imsel'
and #is 'amily
Su&# aut#ority s#all in&lude
an e4em(tion 'rom (ayment o'
6 do&1et and
6 ot#er law'ul 'ees* and
6 o' trans&ri(t o' steno)ra(#i& notes
w#i&# t#e &ourt may order to e 'urnis#ed
#im
T#e amount o' do&1et and ot#er law'ul
'ees w#i&# t#e indi)ent was e4em(ted
'rom (ayin)
6 s#all e a lien on any .ud)ment
rendered in t#e &ase 'avorale to
t#e indi)ent*
o unless t#e &ourt ot#erwise
(rovides
Any adverse (arty
may &ontest t#e )rant o' su&# aut#ority
at any time e'ore t#e .ud)ment is
rendered y t#e trial &ourt
I' t#e &ourt s#ould determine a'ter #earin)
t#at t#e (arty de&lared as an indi)ent is in
'a&t a (erson wit# suE&ient in&ome or
(ro(erty*
t#e (ro(er do&1et and ot#er law'ul 'ees
s#all e
assessed and &olle&ted y t#e &ler1 o'
&ourt
I' (ayment is not made wit#in t#e time
+4ed y t#e &ourt*
e4e&ution s#all issue or t#e (ayment
t#ereo'*
wit#out (re.udi&e to su&# ot#er san&tions
as t#e &ourt may im(ose

After -lin+ of the "o0plaint and the
pa0ent of the re/uisite le+al fees,
III( SERVICE O? SUMMONS
Summons
Grit or (ro&ess in t#e name o' t#e
RP* issued y t#e D$an%# %le$8 o
%ou$t in'ormin) t#e de'endant o'
t#e +lin) o' t#e &ase a)ainst #im*
to +le an answer wit#in t#e
re)lementary (eriod* or else* e
de&lared in de'ault
OI%e o t#e Cle$8
o Cou$t
D$an%# Cle$8 o
Cou$t
OE&e Person
Re&eives &om(laint
and (ayment o' t#e
do&1et 'ees
Serves summons
u(on t#e de'endin)
(arty
) 8inds o summons!
5" Ori)inal Summons6 issued y t#e
ran&# &ler1 o' &ourt to t#e
de'endants u(on t#e +lin) o' t#e
&om(laint and t#e (ayment o' t#e
reAuisite do&1et 'ees
8" Alias Summons6 issued y t#e
ran&# &ler1 o' &ourt u(on motion
o' t#e (lainti, in &ase t#e
summons are lost* destroyed*
im(ro(erly served* or t#ere is
de'e&t in t#e manner or 'orm o'
servi&e
Summons Sub3oena
a writ or a (ro&ess
issued to a
de'endin) (arty y
t#e &ler1 o' &ourt*
delivered y a
s#eri,* #is de(uty*
or (ro(er &ourt
oE&e* or any
suitale (erson
aut#ori$ed y t#e
&ourt issuin) t#e
summons* wit# t#e
(ur(ose o'
otainin)
.urisdi&tion over t#e
(erson o' t#e
-R85 S5/
A (ro&ess dire&ted
to a (erson
reAuirin) #im to
attend and to testi'y
at t#e #earin) or
trial o' an a&tion* or
at any investi)ation
&ondu&ted y
&om(etent aut#ority
or 'or t#e ta1in) o'
#is de(osition"
-Su(oena ad
testi+&andum/
C?
de'endant and
)ivin) #im noti&e
t#at an a&tion #as
een &ommen&ed
a)ainst #im
A (ro&ess dire&ted
to a (erson
reAuirin) #im to
rin) wit# #im any
oo1s* do&uments*
or ot#er t#in)s
under #is &ontrol
-Su(oena du&es
te&um/
Pur(ose is to otain
.urisdi&tion over
(erson o'
de'endant* and to
)ive noti&e to
de'endant t#at an
a&tion #as een
&ommen&ed a)ainst
#im* orderin)
de'endant to
answer t#e
&om(laint wit#in
t#e time +4ed y
t#ese Rules* and
unless de'endant
answers* (lainti,
will ta1e .ud)ment
y de'ault and may
e )ranted t#e
relie' a((lied 'or
-R5< S8/
Order 'or a (erson
to a((ear and to
testi'y at a #earin)*
a&tion*
investi)ation* or 'or
ta1in) o' #is
de(osition OR to
(rodu&e oo1s*
do&uments* or ot#er
t#in)s under #is
&ontrol -R85 S5/
Served on t#e
de'endant
0ay e served to a
non6(arty
Does not need
tender o'
1ilometra)e and
ot#er 'ees
Needs tender o'
1ilometra)e*
attendan&e 'ee* and
reasonale &ost o'
(rodu&tion 'ee
Ori)inal or alias Ad testi+&andum or
du&es te&um
U(on +lin) o' t#e
&om(laint and
(ayment o'
reAuisite do&1et
'ees
Durin) trial or
investi)ation
Note! si)ni+&ant to 1now w#et#er t#e
a&tion is in (ersonam* in rem* or Auasi in
remB'or (ur(ose o' servi&e o' summons
FE and UD6 in (ersonam a&tions
IN PERSONA0
Servi&e in (erson
Sustituted servi&e
IN RE0
Servi&e in (erson
Sustituted Servi&e
Puli&ation
E4traterritorial Servi&e
DUASI IN RE0
Servi&e in (erson
Sustituted servi&e
Puli&ation
Can you serve summons y mailK
NO
2ow to serve summonsK
Se$vi%e in 3e$son on deendant
6R'4 S,9
T#e summons s#all e served y #andin)
a &o(y t#ereo' to t#e de'endant in (erson"
Tende$in4 summons to
deendant 6R'4 S,9
In &ase de'endant re'uses to re&eive or
si)n 'or it* y tenderin) it to #im* done
t#rou)#!
5" Leavin) &o(y o' t#e summons to
t#e de'endant w#o re'uses to
re&eive it
8" T#e oE&er servin) t#e summons
s#all ma1e an aEdavit addressed
to t#e &ourt statin) t#at t#e time*
(la&e* manner o' servi&e o'
summons* and t#at des(ite e,orts
to try and serve t#e summons in
(erson on de'endant* t#e same
re'used to re&eive it* as well as t#e
manner o' non6re&ei(t
Substituted Se$vi%e o
Summons on deendant 6R'4
S-9
C7
ReHuisitesM
Im(ossiility o' t#e (ersonal
servi&e o' summons wit#in a
reasonale time
T#e e,orts e4erted to lo&ate t#e
(erson to e served
To w#om se$ved < #ow&
%y leavin) &o(ies o' t#e summons at!
5" De'endantFs residen&e wit# some
(erson o' suitale a)e and
dis&retion t#en residin) t#erein or
8" %y leavin) t#e &o(ies at
de'endantFs oE&e or re)ular (la&e
o' usiness wit# some &om(etent
(erson in &#ar)e t#ereo'
T#rou)# (ro&ess server or u(on motion6
y servi&e o' summons y sustituted
servi&e
Fow is a 3e$son deemed o suitable
a4e and dis%$etion&
5" O' le)al a)e
8" Git# suE&ient 1nowled)e and
&om(re#ension t#at w#at #e is
re&eivin) on e#al' o' de'endant
are summons noti'yin) de'endant
t#at a suit was rou)#t a)ainst t#e
same* AND PREFERA%LL @NOGS
2OG TO SPEA@ EN3LIS2
Se$vi%e b5 3ubli%ation in a
news3a3e$ o 4ene$al
%i$%ulation
R5< S5C
Servi&e y leave o' &ourt y (uli&ation in
a news(a(er o' )eneral &ir&ulation in su&#
(la&e and 'or su&# time as t#e &ourt may
order* in w#i&# &ase a &o(y o' t#e
summons and order o' t#e &ourt s#all e
sent y re)istered mail to t#e last 1nown
address o' t#e de'endant"
SuE&es under t#e 'ollowin) instan&es!
5" U(on de'endant desi)nated as
un1nown owner or t#e li1e* or
w#enever #is w#ereaouts are
un1nown and &annot e
as&ertained y dili)ent inAuiry -R5<
S5</
8" G#en de'endant does not reside
and is not 'ound in t#e P#ili((ines*
and t#e a&tion! -AREABR5< S5C/
6 A,e&ts (ersonal status o' t#e
(lainti, or
6 Relates to* or t#e su.e&t o' w#i&#*
is (ro(erty wit#in t#e P#ili((ines in
w#i&# de'endant #as or &laims a
lien or interest* a&tual or
&ontin)ent* or
6 In w#i&# t#e relie' demanded
&onsists* w#olly or in (art* in
E4&ludin) t#e de'endant 'rom any
interest t#erein or
6 T#e (ro(erty o' t#e de'endant #as
een Atta&#ed wit#in t#e
P#ili((ines
;" G#en de'endant ordinarily resides
in t#e P#ili((ines ut w#o is
tem(orarily out o' it -R5< S5?/
Can t#e$e be 3e$sonal se$vi%e o
summons in in $em a%tions&
Les" R5< S5C states t#at w#en de'endant
does not reside and is not 'ound in t#e
P#ili((ines* and t#e a&tion a,e&ts t#e
(ersonal status o' t#e (lainti, or relates
to* or t#e su.e&t o' w#i&#* is (ro(erty
wit#in t#e P#ili((ines in w#i&# de'endant
#as or &laims a lien or interest* a&tual or
&ontin)ent* or in w#i&# t#e relie'
demanded &onsists* w#olly or in (art* in
e4&ludin) de'endant 'rom any interest
t#erein* or t#e (ro(erty o' de'endant #as
een atta&#ed wit#in t#e P#ili((ines*
servi&e may* y leave o' &ourt* e e,e&ted
out o' t#e P#ili((ines y!
'( Pe$sonal se$vi%e as unde$ S,NN
)( %y (uli&ation in a news(a(er o'
)eneral &ir&ulation in su&# (la&es
and 'or su&# time as t#e &ourt may
order* in w#i&# &ase a &o(y o' t#e
summons and order o' t#e &ourt
s#all e sent y re)istered mail to
t#e last 1nown address o'
de'endant* or
*( In any ot#er manner t#e &ourt may
deem suE&ient
Sustituted Servi&e vs E4traterritorial
Servi&e o' Summons
C=
Substituted
Se$vi%e
E>t$ate$$ito$ial
Se$vi%e
ReHuisitesM
Im(ossiility o' t#e
(ersonal servi&e o'
summons wit#in a
reasonale time
T#e e,orts e4erted
to lo&ate t#e (erson
to e served
To w#om se$ved <
#ow&
%y leavin) &o(ies o'
t#e summons at!
De'endantFs
residen&e wit#
some (erson o'
suitale a)e and
dis&retion t#en
residin) t#erein or
%y leavin) t#e
&o(ies at
de'endantFs oE&e
or re)ular (la&e o'
usiness wit# some
&om(etent (erson
in &#ar)e t#ereo'
T#rou)# (ro&ess
server or u(on
motion6 y servi&e
o' summons y
sustituted servi&e
Arises in &ase
de'endant is non
resident* in aroad*
a&tion in rem* y
way o' (ersonal
servi&e outside o'
P#ils* y (uli&ation
in a news(a(er o'
)eneral &ir&ulation*
or in any ot#er
manner t#e &ourt
may deem suE&ient
R5< S5<
In any a&tion w#ere t#e de'endant is
desi)nated as an un1nown order* or t#e
li1e* or w#enever #is w#ereaouts are
un1nown and &annot e as&ertained y
dili)ent inAuiry* servi&e may* y leave o'
&ourt* be e1e%ted u3on #im b5
3ubli%ation in a news3a3e$ o 4ene$al
%i$%ulation and in su%# 3la%es and o$
su%# time as t#e %ou$t ma5 o$de$"
6 Instan&e w#ere in (ersonam* yet
(uli&ation is allowed -e4&e(tion to
t#e )eneral rule/
o Identity is un1nown or
w#ereaouts are un1nown
De'e&tive servi&e o' summons* remedy!
08D Rule 5? S5a* t#at t#e &ourt #as no
.urisdi&tion over t#e (erson o' t#e
de'endin) (arty
; o(tions o' t#e &ourt!
5" 3RANT 08D6 as (lainti,* re+le t#e
&ase* unless tainted wit# )rave
ause o' dis&retion
8" DENL 08D
As de'endant* 'ollowin) Rule 5? S<* I will
+le an answer wit#in t#e alan&e o' t#e
(eriod (res&ried y Rule 55 to w#i&# I am
entitled at t#e time o' servin) my motion*
ut not less t#an C days in any event*
&om(uted 'rom my re&ei(t o' noti&e o'
denial" T#en (ro&eed wit# t#e trial* and
w#en t#e de&ision is adverse a)ainst me* I
will +le an a((eal assi)nin) as error t#e
denial o' t#e motion to dismiss" And w#en
t#e denial is tainted wit# )rave ause o'
dis&retion amountin) to la&1 or e4&ess o'
.urisdi&tion on t#e (art o' t#e &ourt* I will
+le 'or &ertiorari under Rule ?C"
;" ISSUANCE OF ALIAS SU00ONS
Can Rule 5? S5a e a )round 'or 0otion to
dismiss under Rules on Summary
Pro&edureK
LES" 3eneral rule* motion to dismiss not
allowed* e4&e(t Y5 instan&e* la&1 o'
de'endin) (arty -RULES ON SU00ARL
PROCEDURE/
Reason! t#e &ourt &annot (ro&eed wit# t#e
&ase wit#out .urisdi&tion over t#e (erson
o' t#e de'endin) (arty
E4&e(tion to e4&e(tion! S0ALL CLAI0S
To w#om summons are madeK
'( O$dina$5 deendant
C:
U3on an entit5 wit#out @u$idi%al
3e$sonalit5
R5< S=
G#en (ersons asso&iated as an entity
wit#out a .uridi&al (ersonality are sued
under t#e name y w#i&# t#ey are
)enerally or &ommonly 1nown* servi&e
may e e,e&ted u3on all t#e
deendants b5 se$vin4 u3on an5 one
o t#em2 o$ u3on t#e 3e$son in %#a$4e
o t#e oI%e o$ 3la%e o business
maintained in su%# name( %ut su&#
servi&e s#all not ind individually any
(erson w#ose &onne&tion wit# t#e entity
#as* u(on due noti&e* een severed e'ore
t#e a&tion was rou)#t"
U3on P$isone$s
R5< S:
G#en de'endant is a (risoner &on+ned in a
.ail or institution* servi&e may e e,e&ted
u(on #im b5 t#e oI%e$ #avin4 t#e
mana4ement o su%# @ail o$
institution w#o is de3utiJed as a
s3e%ial s#e$i1 o$ said 3u$3ose(
U3on Mino$s and In%om3etents
R5< S59
G#en de'endant is a minor* insane* or
ot#erwise an in&om(etent* servi&e s#all e
made u3on #im 3e$sonall5 o$ on #is
le4al 4ua$dian i #e #as one2 o$ i
none2 u3on #is 4ua$dian ad litem
w#ose a33ointment s#all be a33lied
o$ b5 t#e 3lainti1( In &ase o' a minor*
se$vi%e s#all be made on #is at#e$ o$
mot#e$(
U3on domesti% 3$ivate @u$idi%al
entit5
R5< S55
G#en t#e de'endant is a &or(oration*
(artners#i(* or asso&iation or)ani$ed
under t#e laws o' t#e P#ili((ines wit#out a
.uridi&al (ersonality* servi&e may e made
on t#e P$esident2 Mana4in4 Pa$tne$2
;ene$al Mana4e$2 Co$3o$ate
Se%$eta$52 T$easu$e$2 o$ In Fouse
Counsel
NOTE! t#e LIST IS EQCLUSIVERRRRR
Se$vi%e u3on o$ei4n 3$ivate
@u$idi%al entit5
R5< S58
G#en t#e de'endant is a 'orei)n (rivate
.uridi&al entity w#i&# #as transa&ted
usiness in t#e P#ili((ines* servi&e may e
made on its resident a)ent desi)nated in
a&&ordan&e wit# law 'or t#at (ur(ose* or* i'
t#ere e no su&# a)ent* on t#e
)overnment oE&ial desi)nated y law to
t#at e,e&t* or on any o' its oE&ers or
a)ents wit#in t#e P#ili((ines"
Se$vi%e u3on 3ubli%
%o$3o$ations
R5< S5;
G#en t#e de'endant is t#e Re(uli& o' t#e
P#ili((ines* servi&e s#all be made on
t#e Soli%ito$ ;ene$alJ in &ase o' a
(rovin&e* &ity or muni&i(ality* or li1e (uli&
&or(orations* servi&e ma5 be e1e%ted
on its e>e%utive #ead2 o$ on su%#
ot#e$ oI%e$ o$ oI%e$s as t#e law o$
t#e %ou$t ma5 di$e%t"
Se$vi%e u3on deendant w#ose
identit5 o$ w#e$eabouts a$e
un8nown
R5< S5<
In any a&tion w#ere t#e de'endant is
desi)nated as an un1nown order* or t#e
li1e* or w#enever #is w#ereaouts are
un1nown and &annot e as&ertained y
dili)ent inAuiry* servi&e may* y leave o'
&ourt* be e1e%ted u3on #im b5
%i$%ulation and in su%# 3la%es and o$
su%# time as t#e %ou$t ma5 o$de$"
E>t$ate$$ito$ial Se$vi%e
R5< S5C
G#en t#e de'endant does not reside and
is not 'ound in t#e P#ili((ines* and t#e
a&tion a,e&ts t#e (ersonal status o'
(lainti, or relates to* or t#e su.e&t o'
?9
w#i&#* is (ro(erty wit#in t#e P#ili((ines* in
w#i&# t#e de'endant #as or &laims a lien
or interest* a&tual or &ontin)ent* or in
w#i&# t#e relie' demanded &onsists* w#olly
or in (arty* in e4&ludin) de'endant 'rom
any interest t#erein* or t#e (ro(erty o' t#e
de'endant #as een atta&#ed wit#in t#e
P#ili((ines* servi&e may* y leave o' &ourt*
e e,e&ted out o' t#e P#ili((ines b5
3e$sonal se$vi%e as unde$ S,M o$ b5
%i$%ulation in su%# 3la%es and o$
su%# time as t#e %ou$t ma5 o$de$2 in
w#i%# %ase a %o35 o t#e summons
and o$de$ o t#e %ou$t s#all be sent
b5 $e4iste$ed mail to t#e last 8nown
add$ess o t#e deendant2 o$ in an5
ot#e$ manne$ t#e %ou$t ma5 deem
suI%ient( An5 o$de$ 4$antin4 su%#
leave s#all s3e%i5 a $easonable time2
w#i%# s#all not be less t#an ,0 da5s
ate$ noti%e2 wit#in w#i%# t#e
deendant must answe$"
U3on $esidents tem3o$a$il5 out
o t#e P#ili33ines
R5< S5?
G#en any a&tion is &ommen&ed a)ainst a
de'endant w#o ordinarily resides wit#in
t#e P#ili((ines* ut w#o is tem(orarily out
o' it* servi&e may* y leave o' &ourt* be
also e1e%ted out o t#e P#ili33ines2
as unde$ t#e 3$e%edin4 se%tion(
I' summons &annot e served e&ause non
resident* un1nown* or out o' t#e P#ils* as
(lanti,* w#at is your remedyK
Convert a&tion in (ersonam to Auasi in
rem
A vs % Cor(oration* a&tion 'or sum o'
money" Amend t#e &om(laint* a&tion 'or
sum o' money GIT2 ATTAC20ENT OF
PROPERTL" 2en&e* summons y
(uli&ation &an already e made"
Court a&Auires .urisdi&tion over t#e
RES
%e&ause nature o' t#e &ase #as
e&ome Auasi in rem
-relate to Rule 59/
As 'ar as amendment o' t#e (leadin)* is
summons reAuired to e servedK
LES* in t#e 'ollowin) instan&es!
5" Sustantial not merely 'ormal
amendment
8" Ot#er (arties are im(leaded
;" Git# res(e&t to t#ird (arty
&om(laint* serve u(on t#ird (arty
de'endant -relate to R? S55/
<" Git# res(e&t to 'ourt# (arty
&om(laint* serve u(on <
t#
(arty
de'endant -relate to R? S55/
NOT in!
5" Com(laint in intervention6 e&ause
t#ird (erson sumitted to
.urisdi&tion o' t#e &ourt
8" Not in (ermissive &ounter&laim6
e&ause de'endant a1a ori)inal
(lainti, is already a (arty to t#e
a&tion* .urisdi&tion over #im in
ori)inal &om(laint was already
ta1en 'rom t#e start
;" In &ase o' 'ormal not sustantial
amendments
0ay ayad a summonsK
GALAR
Pa) (inaserve mo sa (ro&ess server*
meron* ut not reAuired -autan mo na
lan) (ara #indi 1awawa* si)e 1a* a1a
#indi i serve/
Relate Rule 5< to Rule C7
Order o' atta&#ment* writ o'
atta&#ment* issued e4 (arte
To im(lement* serve summons
Relate Rule 5< to Rule C=
E4 (arte issuan&e o' (reliminary
in.un&tion
To im(lement* serve summons
?5
Court not to issue in.un&tion unless t#ere
is invalid servi&e o' summons
Noti&e and #earin)
EQCEPTION TO SERVICE OF SU00ONS!
Voluntary a((earan&e
5" Filed res(onsive (leadin)
8" Sumitted to .urisdi&tion o' t#e
&ourt*
EQCEPT!
G#en Auestionin) t#e .urisdi&tion
o' t#e &ourt
Rule 5< S89
S896 Voluntary a((earan&e
T#e de'endantFs voluntary a((earan&e
s#all e eAuivalent to servi&e o' summons"
T#e in&lusion in a motion to dismiss o'
ot#er )rounds aside 'rom la&1 o'
de'endant s#all not e deemed a
voluntary a((earan&e"
Can t#e %ou$t dismiss a %ase motu
3$o3$io o$ la%8 o @u$isdi%tion ove$
t#e 3e$son o t#e deendin4 3a$t5 o$
dee%tive se$vi%e o summons&
NOR
Dismissal s#all only e y 0OTIONR
0otion to dismiss
Rule : S5 -relate to Rule 5?/ (rovides 'or
t#e 'ollowin) instan&es w#en t#e &ourt
may dismiss a &ase motu (ro(rio!
La&1 o' .urisdi&tion over t#e su.e&t
matter
Litis (enden&ia
Res .udi&ata
Pres&ri(tion
DOES NOT INCLUDE! la&1 o' .urisdi&tion
over t#e (erson o' t#e de'endin) (arty
-Gala toR/
After service of summons,
IV( RE?ER TO TFE ?OLLO"IN;!
0otion to Dismiss -Rule 5?/
0otion 'or %ill o' Parti&ulars -Rule
58/
0otion to amend t#e (leadin) -Rule
59/
0otion 'or E4tension o' Time to File
Res(onsive Pleadin) -Rule 55/
0otion 'or Summary >ud)ment
-Rule ;C/
Order o' De'aultI>ud)ment y
De'ault -Rule :/
ONE6AT6A6TI0E*
A( MOTION TO DISMISS 6Rule ',9
Motion to dismiss
A motion to dismiss in an
a((li&ation 'or relie' +led y an
ori)inal de'endant* a de'endant in
a (ermissive &ounter&laim* &ross
&laim* ;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty &om(laint*
&om(laint in intervention* +led
wit#in t#e time 'or ut e'ore +lin)
t#e answer to t#e &om(laint or
(leadin) assertin) a &laim
A'ter servi&e o' summons* e'ore
+lin) o' a res(onsive (leadin)
NOTE! 0otion to dismiss is not a (leadin)R
It is not a res(onsive (leadin)R 2en&e* i'
t#ere is motion to dismiss* t#e &om(laint
may still e amended as a matter o' ri)#t
even i' t#ere is a motion to dismissR
;$ounds o$ motion to dismiss!
Rule 5? S5 states t#at wit#in t#e time 'or
ut e'ore +lin) t#e answer to t#e
&om(laint or (leadin) assertin) a &laim* a
motion to dismiss may e made on asis
o' t#e 'ollowin) )rounds!
a( T#at t#e %ou$t #as no
@u$isdi%tion ove$ t#e 3e$son o
t#e deendin4 3a$t5
Relate to R5<
>urisdi&tion over de'endant may e
a&Auired y! voluntary a((earan&e or y
?8
valid servi&e o' summons* e4&e(t i'
a((earan&e is to Auestion t#e .urisdi&tion
o' t#e &ourt
3RANTED!
Re+le
0ove 'or alias summons
DENIED!
(eriod (res&ried y Rule 55 to w#i&#
entitled at t#e time o' servin) motion* ut
not less t#an C days in any event*
&om(uted 'rom re&ei(t o' noti&e o' denial"
T#en (ro&eed wit# t#e trial* and w#en t#e
de&ision is adverse* +le an a((eal
assi)nin) as error t#e denial o' t#e motion
to dismiss" And w#en t#e denial is tainted
wit# )rave ause o' dis&retion amountin)
to la&1 or e4&ess o' .urisdi&tion on t#e (art
o' t#e &ourt* +le 'or &ertiorari under Rule
?C"
b( T#at t#e %ou$t #as no
@u$isdi%tion ove$ t#e sub@e%t
matte$ o t#e %laim
NOTE!
Su.e&t matter -%P58:6 &on'erred
y law/
E4&lusive ori)inal .urisdi&tion o'
&ourts* i' not wit#in* t#en 08D is
(ro(er
3RANTED!
6 Re+le M do&1et 'ees OR
6 Amend &om(laint to &on'er
.urisdi&tion -no need 'or do&1et
'ees/
DENIED!
?C"
%( T#at venue is im3$o3e$l5 laid
Note! Rule <
3RANTED!
Re+le* e4&e(t i' 3AD* t#en
&ertiorari Rule ?C
DENIED!
?C"
d( T#at 3lainti1 #as no le4al
%a3a%it5 to sue
3RANTED!
Re+le
DENIED!
?C"
e( T#at t#e$e is anot#e$ a%tion
3endin4 between 3a$ties o$
t#e same %ause
?;
a1a LITIS PENDENCIA
Elements!
5" Identity o' (arties or at least su&#
(arties re(resentin) t#e same
interests in ot# a&tions
8" T#at t#ere is sustantial identity in
t#e &ause o' a&tion and in t#e relie'
sou)#t* t#e relie' ein) 'ounded on
t#e same 'a&ts
;" Identity in t#e two &ases would e
su&# t#at any .ud)ment t#at may
e rendered in one* re)ardless o'
w#i&# (arty is su&&ess'ul* would
amount to res .udi&ata in t#e ot#er
&ase
"#i%# s#ould be dismissed in %ase o
litis 3enden%ia& T#e '
st
2 )
nd
2 *
$d
2 4
t#

a%tion&
T#e later &ase-s/ would e dismissed"
3RANTED!
A((eal
DENIED!
?C"
'" T#at t#e a%tion is ba$$ed b5
3$io$ @ud4ment or b5 t#e
statute o limitations
A1a RES >UDICATA
Elements!
T#ere is (revious +nal .ud)ment or
order
T#e (revious +nal .ud)ment is a
.ud)ment u(on t#e merits
>urisdi&tion over t#e su.e&t matter
and t#e (arties y t#e &ourt
renderin) it
T#ere must e identity o' t#e
(arties* o' su.e&t matter* and o'
&ause o' a&tion etween t#e +rst
and se&ond a&tions
A1a PRESCRIPTION
3RANTED!
A((eal
DENIED!
?C"
4( T#at t#e 3leadin4 asse$tin4 t#e
%laim states no %ause o a%tion
A1a FAILURE TO STATE CAUSE OF ACTION
3RANTED!
Re+le
Amend t#e (leadin)
DENIED!
?<
?C"
#( T#at t#e %laim o$ demand set
o$t# in t#e 3lainti1Os 3leadin4
#as been 3aid2 waived2
abandoned2 o$ ot#e$wise
e>tin4uis#ed
3RANTED!
A((eal
DENIED!
?C"
i( T#at t#e %laim on w#i%# t#e
a%tion is ounded is
uneno$%eable unde$ t#e
Statute o ?$auds
-note! 5<9;* NCC/
3RANTED!
A((eal
DENIED!
?C"
@( T#at a %ondition 3$e%edent o$
Glin4 t#e %laim #as not been
%om3lied wit#
3RANTED!
3eneral Rule! re+le (lus &om(ly
wit# &ondition (re&edent* EQCEPT!
In &ase o' wil'ul and delierate
'orum s#o((in)* w#i&# o(erates as
dismissal wit# (re.udi&e* #en&e*
In t#e latter &ase* A((eal
In &ase o' non e4#austion o'
administrative remedies*
E4#aust t#en re+le
DENIED!
?C"
0OTU PROPRIO DIS0ISSAL! -see
underlined elow/
Rule : S5
De'enses and o.e&tions not (leaded
eit#er in a motion to dismiss or
in t#e answer
are deemed waived
2owever* w#en it a((ears 'rom t#e
(leadin)s or t#e eviden&e on re&ord t#at
?C
'( t#e %ou$t #as no @u$isdi%tion
ove$ t#e sub@e%t matte$2
)( t#at t#e$e is anot#e$ a%tion
3endin4 between t#e 3a$ties
o$ t#e same %ause2 o$
*( t#at t#e a%tion is ba$$ed b5
3$io$ @ud4ment o$ b5 statute o
limitations2
t#e &ourt s#all dismiss t#e &laim
NOTE ALSO! Rule 7 SC
2en&e* summin) u( Rule 5?*
GIT2 PRE>UDICE6 e* '* #* i o' Rule 5?
GIT2OUT PRE>UDICE6 t#e rest o' Rule 5?
Rule C9 S56 0otion to dismiss a((eal
An a((eal may e dismissed y t#e CA on
its own motion or on t#at o a33ellee*
on t#e 'ollowin) )rounds!
5" Failure o' t#e re&ord on a((eal to
s#ow on its 'a&e t#at t#e a((eal
was ta1en wit#in t#e (eriod
(res&ried y t#ese Rules
8" Failure to +le noti&e o' a((eal or
t#e re&ord on a((eal wit#in t#e
(eriod (res&ried y t#ese Rules
;" Failure o' a((ellant to (ay t#e
do&1et and ot#er law'ul 'ees
(res&ried in SC o' R<9 and S< Rule
<5
<" Unaut#ori$ed alterations*
omissions* or additions in t#e
a((roved re&ord on a((eal as
(rovided in S< o' Rule <<
C" Failure o' a((ellant to serve and
+le t#e reAuired numer o' &o(ies
o' #is rie' or memorandum wit#in
t#e time (rovided y t#ese Rules
?" Asen&e o' s(e&i+& assi)nment o'
errors in t#e a((ellantFs rie'* or o'
(a)e re'eren&es to t#e re&ord as
reAuired in S5; (ar a* &* d* ' o' Rule
<<
7" Failure o' a((ellant to ta1e
ne&essary ste(s 'or t#e &orre&tion
or &om(letion o' t#e re&ord wit#in
t#e time limited y t#e &ourt in its
order
=" Failure o' a((ellant to a((ear at
t#e (reliminary &on'eren&e under
R<= or to &om(ly wit# orders*
&ir&ulars* or dire&tive o' t#e &ourt
wit#out .usti+ale &ause* and
:" T#e 'a&t t#at t#e order or .ud)ment
a((ealed 'rom is not a((ealale
Side note! RULES ON MOTION
Note reAuirements o' written motion!
5" Noti&e o' #earin) -Due (ro&ess/6 ;
daay noti&e rule
8" Set #earin) 59 days a'ter +lin) o'
t#e motion
;" Proo' o' servi&e -di,erent 'rom
(roo' o' mailin)* only as 'ar as
+lin)/
6 To see w#et#er t#e adverse (arty
was ale to re&eive t#e motion
<" IF y re)istered mail* a&&om(anied
y (roo' o' servi&e* e4(lanation
w#y not done via (ersonal servi&e
-R5; S55/
Ot#er (arty +les &omment or
o.e&tion
C" File re(ly to &omment
IF reAuisites are not &om(lied wit#*
5" Ht#e motion s#all e treated as a
wort#less (ie&e o' (a(er w#i&# t#e
&ler1 o' &ourt #as no ri)#t to
re&eive and t#e &ourt #as no
aut#ority to a&t u(on -mere s&ra(
o' (a(er/
8" It does not interru(t t#e runnin) o'
t#e (res&ri(tiveIre)lementary
(eriod 'or t#e +lin) o' t#e reAuisite
(leadin)
;" It will e )round 'or denial o' t#e
motion
??
<" T#e motion s#all e &onsidered as
not +led
E4e&ution o' t#e a&t su.e&t o' t#e
motion* e&ause it would e
deemed as a +nal order
I' a&t is adversely ruled due to non
&om(lian&e wit# t#e Rules on 0otion* +le
0<R wit#in 5C days -Rule ;7/
LITI;ATED
MOTION
NON LITI;ATED
MOTION
Com(ly wit#
reAuisites 'or
written motion
I' not* would a,e&t
t#e ri)#t o' (arties
No need to &om(ly
wit# all t#e
reAuirements* ut
wit# need to #ear
on t#e motion
IF not* t#en not set
'or #earin)
"#at is a motion&
R5C S5
A motion is an a((li&ation 'or relie' ot#er
t#an y a (leadin)
"#at a$e t#e 8inds o motions&
Motion e> 3a$te < Non Liti4ated
Motion
0ade wit#out t#e (resen&e o' or
noti+&ation to t#e ot#er (arty
e&ause t#e Auestion )enerally
(resented is not deatale
Motion o %ou$se
0ovant is entitled to t#e relie' or
remedy sou)#t as a matter o'
dis&retion on t#e (art o' t#e &ourt
Liti4ated Motion
0otion made wit# noti&e to t#e
adverse (arty to )ive #im an
o((ortunity to o((ose it
S3e%ial Motion
A motion addressed to t#e
dis&retion o' t#e &ourt
E>am3les o Liti4ated Motions!
0otion to dismiss
0otion to de&lare de'endant in
de'ault
0otion 'or summary .ud)ment
0otion 'or .ud)ment on t#e
(leadin)s
0otion 'or new trial
0otion 'or re&onsideration
0otion to dismiss &om(laint u(on
(lainti,Fs motion
0otion to li't order o' de'ault
0otion to de&lare a (arty in dire&t
&ontem(t
0otion 'or demurrer to eviden&e
0otion 'or &onsolidation or
severan&e o' &ase
0otion 'or trial y &ommissioner
0otion to stri1e out eviden&e or
testimony o, t#e re&ord
E>am3les o non7liti4ated motions!
0otion to reset (re trial
0otion to (ost(one (re trial
0otion to e4tend time 'or +lin)
(leadin)s
0otion to set &ase 'or (re trial
Motions t#at need to be ve$iGed!
0otion 'or relie' 'rom .ud)ment
0otion to li't order o' de'ault
0otion to (ost(one trial
0otion 'or new trial on )round o'
FA0E
All motions o$ 3$ovisional $emedies!
0otion 'or (reliminary atta&#ment
0otion 'or dissolution o'
(reliminary in.un&tion
?7
0otion 'or writ o' re(levin
0otion in su((ort (endent lite
0otion to (ost(one 'or asen&e o'
eviden&e
0otion to (ost(one 'or illness o' a
(arty or &ounsel
Rule 5?6 relate to Rule 59
Amendment as a matter o' ri)#t i' a
motion to dismiss is +led6 PGEDER
%e&ause motion to dismiss is NOT a
res(onsive (leadin)
0otion to dismiss6 not a (leadin)
Position (a(er6 not a (leadin)
0emorandum6 not a (leadin)
Amendment i' order )rantin) motion to
dismiss* (wede* 'or as lon) as t#e motion
is +nal and e4e&utory
OF t#e 59 )rounds*
0otion to dismiss a'ter a
res(onsive (leadin)*
PGEDE* raise as aErmative de'ense* t#en
set t#e motion to dismiss 'or #earin)
D( MOTION ?OR DILL O?
PARTICULARS 6R')9
-Note! Di,erent 'rom motion 'or ill o'
(arti&ulars in Criminal Pro&edure/
Motion o$ Dill o
Pa$ti%ula$s in Civ
P$o
Motion o$ Dill o
Pa$ti%ula$s in
C$im P$o
Rule 58 R55? S:
0ay e +led e'ore
res(ondin) to a
(leadin)
0ay e +led e'ore
arrai)nment
Address any matter
in t#e (leadin) not
averred wit#
suE&ient
de+niteness or
(arti&ularity
Address alle)ed
de'e&ts in t#e
&riminal &om(laint
or in'ormation
Pur(ose is to
(re(are res(onsive
(leadin)
Pur(ose is to enale
(ro(erly to (lead
and (re(are 'or trial
Note! t#e motion is a LITI3ATED 0OTION
To &lari'y ami)uities
Done e'ore +lin) o' a res(onsive (leadin)
"#at is a bill o 3a$ti%ula$s&
R58 S5 states t#at a ill o' (arti&ulars is a
more de+nite statement o' any matter
w#i&# is not averred wit# suE&ient
de+niteness or (arti&ularity* wit# t#e
(ur(ose o' aidin) in t#e (re(aration o' a
res(onsive (leadin)"
"#en do 5ou Gle bill o 3a$ti%ula$s&
R58 S5 states t#at a ill o' (arti&ulars is
+led e'ore res(ondin) to a (leadin)*
'ollowin) t#e re)lementary (eriods
(rovided 'or under R55" -I' t#e (leadin) is
a re(ly* t#e motion must e +led wit#in 59
days 'rom servi&e t#ereo'/
ReHui$ements o$ Glin4 Dill o
Pa$ti%ula$s!
-R58 S5 in relation to R5C/
5" A written motion y t#e de'endin)
(arty e'ore t#e &ourt 'or a ill o'
(arti&ulars
8" I' t#e (leadin) is a re(ly* t#e
motion must e +led wit#in 59
days 'rom servi&e
;" T#e motion s#all (oint out t#e
de'e&ts &om(lained o'* t#e
(ara)ra(#s w#erein t#ey are
&ontained* and t#e details desired
<" T#e motion is to e +led e'ore t#e
+lin) o' res(onsive (leadin)
C" In writin)
?" 2earin) o' motion set y a((li&ant
7" Noti&e o' #earin) s#all e
addressed to all t#e (arties
&on&erned not later t#an 59 days
'rom t#e +lin) o' t#e motion
?=
=" 0otion and noti&e o' #earin) must
e served at least ; days e'ore
t#e date o' #earin)
:" Proo' o' servi&e
T#e motion o$ bill o 3a$ti%ula$s is
denied( Remed5&
R58 SC
A'ter servi&e o' t#e %ill o' Parti&ulars or o'
a more de+nite (leadin)* or a'ter noti&e o'
denial o' #is motion* t#e movin) (arty
may +le #is res(onsive (leadin) wit#in t#e
(eriod to w#i&# #e was entitled at t#e time
o' +lin) #is motion w#i&# s#all not e4&eed
C days in any event
E1e%t o o$de$ o ailu$e to %om3l5 to
Gle Dill o Pa$ti%ula$s
R58 S<
I' t#e order is not oeyed* or in &ase o'
insuE&ient &om(lian&e t#erewit#* t#e
&ourt may order t#e stri1in) out o' t#e
(leadin) or t#e (ortions t#ereo' to w#i&#
t#e order was dire&ted* or ma1e su&#
order as it deems .ust"
-File a motion to stri1e out t#e (leadin)/
0otion 'or %ill o' Parti&ulars!
3ranted! Clari'y* +le ill o' (arti&ulars
Denied* answer wit#in t#e (lenary (eriod
IS bill o 3a$ti%ula$s 3a$t o a
3leadin4&
LESR
R58 S? (rovides t#at a ill o' (arti&ulars
e&omes (art o' t#e (leadin) 'or w#i&# it
is intended"
C( MOTION TO AMEND TFE
PLEADIN; 6Rule '09
Amendment* as (rovided under R59 S5* is
t#e (ro&ess o'!
5" Addin) or stri1in) out an alle)ation
or name o' any (arty or
8" Corre&tin) a mista1e in t#e name
o' a (arty or a written or
inadeAuate alle)ation or
des&ri(tion in any ot#er res(e&t*
a" So t#at t#e a&tual merits o'
t#e &ontroversy may
s(eedily e determined*
" Git#out re)ard to
te&#ni&alities*
&" And in t#e most e4(editious
and ine4(ensive manner
IN S2ORT!
Amendment is t#e (ro&ess o'
addin) or stri1in) out or &orre&tin)
a name or alle)ation
Amendment as a matter o' ri)#t
6 To &orre&t alterations in a
PLEADIN3 -not in a motion/
@inds o' amendments!
'( Amendment as a matte$ o
$i4#t! 6R'0 S)9
A (arty may amend #is (leadin) on&e as a
matter o' ri)#t at any time e'ore a
res(onsive (leadin) is served or in t#e
&ase o' a re(ly* at any time wit#in 59 days
a'ter it is served"
6 On&e t#e (leadin) is amended* t#e
old (leadin) is no more* EQCEPT*
admissions made in t#e old
(leadin)
)( Amendment b5 leave o %ou$t!
6R'0 S*9
E4&e(t as (rovided in t#e ne4t (re&edin)
se&tion* sustantial amendments may e
made only u(on leave o' &ourt
6 Amendment is sustantial
6 A res(onsive (leadin) #ad already
een served
*( ?o$mal Amendments 6R'0 S49
A de'e&t in t#e desi)nation o' t#e (arties
or ot#er &learly &leri&al or ty(o)ra(#i&al
errors may e summarily &orre&ted y t#e
?:
&ourt at any sta)e o' t#e a&tion* at its
initiative or on motion* (rovided no
(re.udi&e is &aused t#erey to t#e adverse
(arty"
4( Amendments to %ono$m o$ to
aut#o$iJe 3$esentation o
eviden%e 6R'0 S+9
G#en issues not raised in t#e (leadin)s
are tried wit# t#e e4(ress or im(lied
&onsent o' (arties* t#ey s#all e treated as
i' raised in t#e (leadin)s* (leadin)s may
e amended to &on'orm to t#e eviden&e*
and 'ailure to amend does not a,e&t t#e
result o' t#e trial o' t#ese issues
6 Git# already (resentation o'
eviden&e* ut as 'ar as alle)ations
are &on&erned* t#ere is
dis&re(an&y* so* amendment is
allowed to &on'orm to eviden&e
o NOTE! meron din to sa
&riminal (ro&edure
+( Substantial amendments
Amendment o' t#e (leadin) w#i&# would
&#an)e t#e ori)inal &ause o' a&tion
,( Amendment to %one$
@u$isdi%tion
Amendment as a matter o' ri)#t* so 'ar as
no res(onsive (leadin) is served
Duestion! Amendment as a matter o'
ri)#t* t#ere is se&ond motion to amend
-not on&e as a matter o' ri)#t/* is t#e
se&ond motion to amend a matter o' ri)#t
or a matter o' dis&retionK
-Duestion unanswered yet/
I' t#ere is no res(onsive (leadin) yet6
amendment as a matter o' ri)#t
On&e6 matter o' dis&retion
Amendment as a matter o' ri)#t
DENIED! remedy6 0ANDA0US
Amendment wit# leave o' &ourt -a'ter t#e
+lin) o' a res(onsive (leadin)/
DENIED! RemedyK
Certiorari Rule ?C in relation to Rule
<5 S5
Order is interlo&utory
Relate Rule 59 to Provisional Remedies
I' t#e ori)inal &om(laint or veri+ed
&om(laint #as (rovisional
remedies* and t#e ori)inal is
su(erseded y amendment* any
(rovisional remedy is a,e&ted y
amendment
Amendment o' &om(laint* w#i&# in&ludes
(rayer 'or writ o' atta&#ment* t#e
(rovisional remedy s#all e DISSOLVED"
Relate Rule 59 to Rule ?
6 G#en t#e answer does not alle)e
&ross &laim* &ounter&laim*
o Remedy! A0END0ENT o'
t#e (leadin)
6 Answer omitted &ounter&laim or
&ross &laim*
o Remedy is to A0END t#e
answer
Relate to Rule 8
6 In &ase o' non .oinder o' &auses o'
a&tion*
o A0END t#e (leadin)
Relate to Rule ;
6 Related to .oinder o' (arties*
o A0END t#e &om(laint
Related to Rule 5< and Rule C7
6 In (ersonam to Auasi in rem*
(uli&ation is allowed
6 Sustantial amendment
o Servi&e o' summons
reAuired
79
6 Amendment o' &om(laint to .oin
anot#er (arty*
o Need to serve summons
Amendment o' t#e answerK ;PCK <PCK
Com(laint in interventionK
PGEDER6 amendment o' t#e (leadin)s
naman an) tinutu1oy e#
Amended
Pleadin4
Su33lemental
Pleadin4
Re'ers to 'a&ts
e4istin) at t#e time
o' t#e
&ommen&ement o'
t#e a&tion
Re'ers to 'a&ts
arisin) a'ter t#e
+lin) o' t#e ori)inal
(leadin)
Ta1es t#e (la&e o'
t#e ori)inal
(leadin)
Ta1en to)et#er wit#
t#e ori)inal
(leadin)
Can e made as
matter o' ri)#t
w#en no res(onsive
(leadin) #as yet
een +led
Always wit# leave o'
&ourt
G#en amended
(leadin) is +led* a
new &o(y o' t#e
entire (leadin)
must e +led
A sustantial
(leadin) does not
reAuire t#e +lin) o'
a new &o(y o' t#e
entire (leadin)
Amendment as a
matter o' ri)#t is to
e answered e'ore
t#e +lin) o' t#e
res(onsive
(leadin)* -wit#in 5C
days a'ter ein)
served wit# a &o(y
t#ereo'/B-R55 S;/
Amendment y
leave o' &ourt is to
e answered wit#in
59 days 'rom noti&e
o' t#e order
admittin) t#e same"
An answer earlier
+led may serve as
t#e answer to t#e
A su((lemental
(leadin) may e
answered wit#in 59
days 'rom noti&e o'
t#e order admittin)
t#e same* unless a
di,erent (eriod is
+4ed y t#e &ourt"
T#e answer to t#e
&om(laint s#all
serve as answer to
t#e su((lemental
&om(laint i' no new
or su((lemental
answer is +led -R55
S7/
amended &om(laint
i' no new answer is
+led -R55 S;/
Su(ersedes ori)inal
(leadin)
Su((lements
ori)inal (leadin)
Git# or wit#out
leave o' &ourt
Git# leave o' &ourt
Relate to Rule 5?
T#e &ourt may eit#er deny t#e
motion to dismiss* )rant t#e motion
to dismiss* or ORDER T2E
A0END0ENT OF T2E PLEADIN3
Is t#e$e amendment o t#e 3leadin4
in summa$5 3$o%edu$e&
LES
6 As a matter o' ri)#t
6 As a matter o' dis&retion
o NO PRO2I%ITION under t#e
Rules on Summary
Pro&edure
D( MOTION ?OR EETENSION O?
TIME TO ?ILE RESPONSIVE
PLEADIN; 6Rule ''9
Rule 55 S55
Se&tion 55
U(on motion and on su&# terms as may
e .ust*
t#e &ourt may e4tend t#e time to (lead
(rovided in t#ese Rules
T#e &ourt may also* u(on li1e terms*
allow an answer or
ot#er (leadin) to e +led
a'ter t#e time +4ed y t#ese Rules
E4tend* %ASED ON CAUSE
75
9ot a liti+ated 0otion
no need 'or #earin)* noti&e* and
+lin)
; day noti&e rule6 'urt#er motion ; days
e'ore #earin)
59 days6 motion set 'or #earin) at least 59
days
Is ill o' (arti&ulars allowed in Summary
Pro&edureK
NO -Pro#iited (leadin)/
0otion to dismiss in Summary Pro&edureK
NO -(ro#iited (leadin)/
EQCEPT!
5" la&1 o' .urisdi&tion over t#e (erson
o' t#e de'endin) (arty
8" la&1 o' .urisdi&tion over t#e (erson
o' t#e de'endant
;" 'ailure to &om(ly wit# t#e %aran)ay
Con&iliation Pro&eedin)s
EQCEPTION TO EQCEPTION!
Small Claims Cases6 motion to dismiss
asolutely #indi (wede
E( SUMMARC :UD;MENT 6Rule *+9
Summary .ud)ment
6 .ud)ment rendered y t#e &ourt
wit#out trial i' it &learly a((ears
t#at t#ere e4ists no )enuine issue
or &ontroversy as to any material
'a&t* e4&e(t as to t#e amount o'
dama)es
S5 and 86 PLAINTIFF or DEFENDANT Files
Plainti,6 at an5 time ate$ t#e 3leadin4
in answe$ t#e$eto #as been se$ved
De'endant6 at an5 time
NOTE! LITI3ATED 0OTION
3RANTED!
6 remedy is APPEAL
o +nal .ud)ment on t#e merits
DENIED!
6 (lead
o t#ere is issue* ut t#ere is
no )enuine issue
0a)anda 1aK 0a)anda 1a n)a
ORDER O? DE?AULT <
:UD;MENT DC DE?AULT 6Rule /9
O$de$ o Deault :ud4ment b5
Deault
Order issued y t#e
&ourt w#ere
de'endant 'ailed to
+le answer
De&ision or
.ud)ment y t#e
&ourt a'ter order o'
de'ault and
(resentation o'
eviden&e e4 (arte
y (lainti,
ORDER O? DE?AULT
Rule : S; (rovides t#at a de'endin) (arty
w#o 'ails to +le an answer to an initiatory
(leadin) wit#in t#e time allowed t#ere'or
may e de&lared in de'ault"
DEFENDIN3 PARTL INCLUDES!
In a (ermissive &ounter&laim6
ori)inal (lainti,
In a ;PC6 ;
rd
(arty de'endant
In a &ross &laim6 &o de'endant
ReHui$ements o$ de%la$ation o
deault! 6R/ S*9
5" T#e &ourt must #ave validly
a&Auired .urisdi&tion over t#e
(erson o' t#e de'endant eit#er y
servi&e o' summons or voluntary
a((earan&e
8" Proo' o' servi&e o' summons on t#e
de'endant
;" T#e de'endant 'ails to answer
wit#in t#e time allowed t#ere'ore
78
<" Gritten motion y &laimin) (arty to
de&lare de'endant in de'ault -NOT
oral motionR/
-state R5C reAuirements/
Plainti, 'ailed to +le answer* e de&lared
in de'ault
-R: in relation to Rule ?/
NATURE OF ORDER OF DEFAULT!
interlo&utory -ma1in) re'eren&e to R<5/
RE0EDL!
0OTION TO LIFT ORDER OF DEFAULT
Veri+ed* FA0E* AEdavit o' 0erit
-note w#at it is* and in w#at
instan&es reAuired Vall FA0EW/
3ranted! File answer
Denied*
FILE 0OTION FOR RECONSIDERATION
6 S< R?C
6 Interlo&utory
o NOT Rule ;7 as asis
-e&ause Rule ;7 a((lies
only to Final orders/
Denied*
CERTIORARI RULE ?C wit# TRO or
in.un&tion
6 Da#il (a) wala* at may order o'
de'ault* tuloy tuloy na M .ud)ment
o' de'ault
NOTE! umaa1yat to #an))an) SC6
Ordinary and S(e&ial Civil a&tions -'rom
0TC/* Vnot S(e& ProW
0TC
-all s(e&ial &ivil a&tions* ori)inal a&tions in
e4er&ise o' ori)inal .urisdi&tion* +nal
.ud)ment/
ORDINARL CIVIL ACTION
Order o' de'ault
DENIED*
DENIED*
Certiorari Rule ?C RTC wit# TRO -S7 R:
amended y A0 767658/
DENIED*
0otion 'or re&onsideration Rule ;7 wit#
RTC
DENIED*
Noti&e o' a((eal wit# CA Rule <5 -ori)inal
.urisdi&tion o' RTC an) &ertiorari Rule ?C/B
a((ly Ney(es* do&trine o' #ierar&#y o'
&ourts
DENIED*
CA 0<R Rule C8
DENIED*
SC R<C Petition 'or Review on Certiorari
a((ly Ney(es* 2ierar&#y o' &ourts
DENIED*
SC 0<R Rule C8
DOCTRINE O? FIERARCFC O? COURTS
2i)#er &ourts will not entertain any
&ase rou)#t e'ore it unless t#e
same is de&ided e'ore t#e lower
&ourts
E1e%t o o$de$ o deault!
6 Lose standin)
6 Not to (arti&i(ate at t#e trial ut
s#all e entitled to noti&es
6 Entitled to 8 &o(ies o' de&ision*
resolution* sustantially amended
(leadin)s
R: S; in relation to Rule 59
6 Order o' de'ault issued y &ourt*
t#ere is amendment o' t#e
(leadin)* order o' de'ault is
dissolved
7;
R: in relation to 0odes o' Dis&overy
6 R8:
o Due to re'usal to &om(ly
wit# t#e modes o'
dis&overy* t#e re'usin)
(arty may e de&lared in
de'ault
In &ase o' motion to de&lare de'endant in
de'ault* t#ere is one more remedy!
6 File motion to admit answer
o 0awawala an) motion to
de&lare de'endant in de'ault
da#il may answer na e#
Summary Pro&eedin)s
0otion to de&lare de'endant in
de'ault is a PRO2I%ITED PLEADIN3
As (lainti, in su&# a &ase* +le 0OTION TO
RENDER >UD30ENT
As de'endant* donFt +le motion to admit
answer
6 It is eAual to motion 'or e4tension
o' time to +le (leadin)s
o PRO2I%ITED PLEADIN3
ETO DIS@ARTE 0O* i1aw an) de'endant
6 3o to oE&e o' t#e &ler1 o' &ourt*
+le your answer* at (a) ayaw
tan))a(in* +le it y re)istered mail
o Pa) na) ar)ue an) 1alaan*
motion to stri1e out answer*
GE2R
R5 S?6 Lieral
a((li&ation o' t#e
rules* 2ENCE* you
&an +le answer
Summary Pro&edure
3iven 59 days to answer 'rom
re&ei(t o' servi&e o' summons
:UD;MENT DC DE?AULT
Nature! Final >ud)ment
R: in relation to R55
%ased on (resentation o' eviden&e e4
(arte
DE?ORE :UD;MENT DECOMES ?INAL
AND EEECUTORC!
RE0EDL!
0otion to set aside .ud)ment or +nal order
due to FA0E
Denied*
Denied*
CERTIORARI Rule ?C wit# TROIin.un&tion6
PREFERRED over a((eal
6 %e&ause a((eal is not t#e
adeAuate* s(eedy remedy
o >ud)ment 1asi is ased on
eviden&e e4 (arte6 no
eviden&e to review e&ause
no eviden&e in t#e +rst
(la&e is (resented y
de'endant
3ENERAL RULE! &ertiorari is not a
sustitute 'or lost a((ealJ
EQCEPTION! w#en a((eal is not a s(eedy*
adeAuate remedy
Denied( Remed5&
File a motion 'or re&onsideration o' t#e
.ud)ment or +nal resolution wit#in 5C days
'rom servi&e t#ereo' e'ore t#e CA* wit#
(roo' o' servi&e on t#e adverse (arty"
%asis! RC8 S5
Denied( Remed5&
File a (etition 'or review on &ertiorari
e'ore t#e SC raisin) only Auestions o' law
w#i&# must e distin&tly set 'ort#* wit#in
5C days 'rom noti&e o' t#e denial o'
(etitionerFs motion 'or re&onsideration
+led in due time a'ter noti&e o' t#e
.ud)ment"
%asis! R<C S8 and R<C S566 CA
.ud)ment* +nal order* or resolution
&an e elevated to t#e SC raisin)
only Auestions o' law
7<
Denied( Remed5&
File a motion 'or re&onsideration o' t#e
.ud)ment or +nal resolution wit#in 5C days
'rom servi&e t#ereo' e'ore t#e SC* wit#
(roo' o' servi&e on t#e adverse (arty"
%asis! RC8 S5
A?TER ?INALITC O? :UD;MENT!
Any o' t#e 'ollowin) remedies!
5" File (etition 'or relie' 'rom
.ud)ment* order* or ot#er
(ro&eedin) on t#e )round o' entry
o' su&# .ud)ment or +nal order* or
any ot#er (ro&eedin) is t#erea'ter
ta1en a)ainst a (arty in a &ourt
t#rou)# FA0E -Rule ;= S5/
8" File (etition 'or annulment o'
.ud)ment or +nal order or
resolution on t#e )round o'
e4trinsi& 'raud -R<7 S5 and 8/
;" File (etition 'or &ertiorari -Rule ?C/
<" Collateral Atta&1
V( ?ILIN; O? ANS"ER
Answer6 t#e (leadin) settin) 'ort# t#e
de'endin) (artyFs de'enses
-%ears t#e same (arts o' a (leadin)/
GIT2IN G2ENK
"#at a$e t#e $es3onsive 3leadin4s&
Rule ? o' t#e Rules o' Court in relation to
Rule 55 (rovides 'or t#e 'ollowin)
res(onsive (leadin)s!
Answer to t#e ori)inal &om(laint
Com(ulsory &ounter&laim
Answer to t#e (ermissive
&ounter&laim
Answer to &ross &laim
Answer to ;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty
&om(laint
Re(ly
Answer to amended &om(laint
Answer to amended &ounter&laim
Answer to amended &ross &laim
Answer to amended ;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty
&om(laint
Answer to amended &om(laint in
intervention
Answer to su((lemental &om(laint
Re.oinder
Answer to &ounter &ounter&laim
Answer to &ounter &ross &laim
Answer to amended &ounter
&ounter&laim
Answer to amended &ounter &ross
&laim
Dis%uss t#e 3e$iods to answe$ to
$es3onsive 3leadin4s unde$ Rule ''
o t#e Rules o Cou$t!
'( Answe$ to t#e o$i4inal
%om3laint
R5; S5
De'endant s#all +le answer to t#e
&om(laint wit#in '+ da5s ate$ se$vi%e
o summons2 unless a di,erent (eriod is
+4ed y t#e &ourt
R5; S8
G#ere t#e de'endant is a 'orei)n (rivate
.uridi&al entity and servi&e o' summons is
made!
6 to a resident a)ent* answer s#all e
+led wit#in '+ da5s $om
se$vi%e o summons to #im
6 w#en it #as no resident a)ent ut
#as an a)ent or oE&er in t#e
P#ili((ines* answer s#all e +led
wit#in '+ da5s ate$ se$vi%e o
summons to said a4ent o$
oI%e$
7C
6 i' it #as no resident a)ent nor an
a)ent or oE&er* and summons is
made on t#e (ro(er )overnment
oE&e desi)nated y law to re&eive
t#e same -SEC/* w#i&# will t#en
send a &o(y t#ereo' y re)istered
mail wit#in 59 days to t#e #ome
oE&e o' t#e 'orei)n (rivate
&or(oration* answer s#all e +led
wit#in *0 da5s ate$ $e%ei3t o
summons b5 t#e #ome oI%e o
t#e o$ei4n 3$ivate entit5
R5< S5C
In &ase o' summons y (uli&ation*
answer s#all e +led wit#in t#e time
s(e&i+ed in t#e order )rantin) leave to
serve summons y (uli&ation w#i&# s#all
not be less t#an ,0 da5s ate$ noti%e2
wit#in w#i%# t#e deendant must
answe$(
In &ase o' a non resident de'endant in
w#om e4traterritorial servi&e o' summons
is made* t#e (eriod to answer s#ould be
at least ,0 da5s(
)( Com3ulso$5 %ounte$%laim
-note aove (eriodsK/
*( Answe$ to 3e$missive
%ounte$%laim
R55 S<
A (ermissive &ounter&laim must e
answered wit#in '0 da5s $om se$vi%e
4( Answe$ to %$oss %laim
R55 S<
A &ross &laim must e answered wit#in
'0 da5s $om se$vi%e
C" Answe$ to *
$d
4
t#
et% 3a$t5
%om3laint
R55 SC
Time to answer a ;
rd
<
t#
et& (arty
&om(laint s#all e )overned y t#e same
rule as t#e answer to t#e &om(laint
-#en&e* 'ollow R55 S5* 8 (lus
amendments/
,( Answe$ to %om3laint in
inte$vention
R5: S<
T#e answer to t#e &om(laint in
intervention s#all e +led wit#in '+ da5s
$om noti%e o t#e o$de$ admittin4
t#e same* unless a di,erent (eriod is
+4ed y t#e &ourt
-( Re3l5
R55 S?
A re(ly may e +led wit#in '0 da5s $om
se$vi%e o t#e 3leadin4 $es3onded to
.( Answe$ to amended %om3laint
R55 S;
G#ere (lainti, +les amended &om(laint as
a matter o' ri)#t* t#e de'endant s#all
answer t#e same wit#in '+ da5s ate$
bein4 se$ved wit# a %o35 t#e$eo
G#ere its +lin) is not a matter o' ri)#t* t#e
de'endant s#all answer t#e amended
&om(laint wit#in '0 da5s $om noti%e
o t#e o$de$ admittin4 t#e same
/( Amended CC2 Amended *4et%
PC2 Amended CII
R55 S; -note t#e (eriod/ s#all a((ly to t#e
answer to an amended &ounter &laim*
amended &ross &laim* amended ;
rd
<
t#
et&
(arty &om(laint* amended &om(laint in
intervention
7?
59" Answe$ to su33lemental %om3laint
R55 S7
A su((lemental &om(laint may e
answered wit#in '0 da5s o t#e o$de$
admittin4 t#e same* unless a di,erent
(eriod is +4ed y t#e &ourt" T#e answer to
t#e &om(laint s#all serve as answer to t#e
su((lemental &om(laint i' no new or
su((lemental answer is +led"
55" Re.oinder
-K/
R55 S< -K/
Answer wit#in 59 days 'rom servi&e
5765="
R55 S; -K/Bnote t#e (eriods
Answer may raise &ounter&laim or &ross
&laim
Answer in t#ird (arty &om(laint6 Can you
raise Counter&laim or &ross &laimK
LESR
%ut* i' &ounter&laim a)ainst &ounter&laim*
&ounter &ounter&laim
IF &ross &laim a)ainst &ross &laim* t#en
&ounter &ross &laim
Counte$%laim C$oss Claim
Any &laim w#i&# a
de'endin) (arty
may #ave a)ainst
t#e o((osin) (arty
Any &laim y one
(arty a)ainst a &o
(arty arisin) out o'
t#e transa&tion or
o&&urren&e t#at is
t#e su.e&t matter
eit#er o' t#e ori)inal
a&tion or o' a
&ounter&laim
t#erein
Com3ulso$5
Counte$%laim
Pe$missive
Counte$%laim
Arises out o' or is
ne&essarily
&onne&ted wit# t#e
transa&tion or
o&&urren&e t#at is
t#e su.e&t matter
o' t#e o((osin)
(artyFs &laim
Does not arise out
o' nor is ne&essarily
&onne&ted wit# t#e
su.e&t matter o'
t#e o((osin)
(artyFs &laim
Does not reAuire 'or
its ad.udi&ation t#e
(resen&e o' t#ird
(arties over w#om
t#e &ourt &annot
It may reAuire 'or its
ad.udi&ation t#e
(resen&e o' t#ird
(arties over w#i&#
t#e &ourt &annot
%arred i' not set u(
in t#e a&tion
Not arred even i'
not set u( in t#e
a&tion
Need not e
answered* not result
in de'ault
0ust e answered
or else de'endant
&an e de&lared in
de'ault
Not an initiatory
(leadin)
Initiatory (leadin)
Do&1et 'ees are
sus(ended
Git# do&1et 'ees
Omitted &ounter&laim or &ross &laim
RE0EDL! amend t#e answer
77
0otion to dismiss wit# &ounter&laim
I' (ermissive &ounter&laim* PGEDE
@asi* inde(endent sa main a&tion
Counter&laim wit# res(e&t to Rule 57
Pwede* (ro&eed a'ter servi&e o'
answer -Rule 57 S5 and 8/
Counter&laim wit# res(e&t to Rule 5=
Plainti, 'ailed to a((ear in (re trial*
&ase is dismissed wit# (re.udi&e*
wit#out (re.udi&e to &ounter&laim
DEFENSES and DENIALS
"#at a$e t#e t53es o deenses&
'( Ne4ative deense
R? SC
Ne)ative de'ense is t#e s(e&i+& denial o'
t#e material 'a&t or 'a&ts alle)ed in t#e
(leadin) o' t#e &laimant essential to #is
&ause or &auses o' a&tion"
)( AI$mative deense
R? SC
An aErmative de'ense is an alle)ation o'
new matter w#i&#* w#ile #y(ot#eti&ally
admittin) t#e material alle)ations in t#e
(leadin) o' t#e &laimant* would
nevert#eless (revent or ar re&overy y
#im" T#e aErmative de'enses in&lude!
a" Fraud
" Statute o' limitations
&" Release
d" Payment
e" Ille)ality
'" Statute o' 'rauds
)" Esto((el
#" Former re&overy
i" Dis&#ar)e in an1ru(t&y
." Any ot#er matter y way o'
&on'ession and avoidan&e
3round 'or motion to dismiss -i' 08D not
+led or 08D denied/* may e (leaded as
an aErmative de'ense in t#e answer
0otion to set aErmative de'ense 'or
#earin)*
6 EAuivalent to motion to dismiss
o Durin) #earin)* de'endin)
(arty to (resent eviden&e
+rst
INVERTED TRIAL
AErmative de'ense is )ranted* &ase is
dismissed" RemedyK
APPEAL -%e&ause trial is on t#e merits/
Git# res(e&t too ne)ative de'enses* note
SPECIFIC DENIALS
G#at is a ne)ative (re)nantK
6 3eneral denials are deemed
admissions
Plainti,Fs remedy in su&# a &aseK
6 >UD30ENT ON T2E PLEADIN3S
-Rule ;</
@inds o' Denials!
'( S3e%iG% Absolute Denial
6 %y s(e&i+&ally denyin) t#e
averment and w#enever
(ra&ti&ale* settin) 'ort# t#e
sustan&e o' t#e matters relied
u(on 'or su&# denial
Git# su((ort da(at
S(e&i+&ally deny (ar 8 UU 'or ein) untrue*
t#e trut# o' t#e matter is t#at"""
)( Pa$tial s3e%iG% denial
6 Part admission and (art denial
Git# su((ort da(at
*( Disavowal o 8nowled4e
6 %y an alle)ation o' la&1 o'
1nowled)e or in'ormation suE&ient
to 'orm a elie' as to t#e trut# or
7=
'alsity o' t#e averment in t#e
o((osin) (artyFs (leadin)
In )ood 'ait#* or else* deemed an
admission
S(e&i+& denial in (ar UU UU UU 'or la&1 o'
1nowled)e to trut# or elie' o' t#e same
S(e&i+& not ne&essarily S(e&i+& Denial
Answer6 no need to veri'y
EQCEPT!
5" A&tionale Do&ument
6 Do&ument w#i&# &reates ri)#ts*
w#i&# serves as asis 'or +lin) o'
t#e &om(laint
8" Usury in a &om(laint
;" Summary (ro&edure
<" Answer wit# (ermissive
&ounter&laim
Not denied under oat# an a&tionale
do&ument su&# as deed o' sale or
mort)a)e*
Failure to veri'y S deemed
admitted
2ENCE* .ud)ment on t#e (leadin)s
E4&e(t!
5" FraudI'or)ery
8" Not a (arty to t#e a&tionale
do&ument
After !urisdi"tion is a"/uired b "ourt,
parties 0a resort to@
VI( MODES O? DISCOVERC
Rules 8;68=
6 De(ositions (endin) a&tion -under
R8;/
6 De(ositions e'ore a&tion or
(endin) a((eal -R8</
6 Interro)atories to (arties under
R8C
6 Admission y adverse (arty -R8?/
6 Produ&tion or ins(e&tion o'
do&uments or t#in)s under -Rule
87/
6 P#ysi&al and mental e4amination o'
(ersons under -Rule 8=/
Dis&ussin) ea&#!
'( De3ositions 3endin4 a%tion
6R)*9
De(osition6 a written testimony o' a
witness )iven in t#e &ourse o' a .udi&ial
(ro&eedin) in advan&e o' t#e trial or
#earin) u(on oral e4amination or in
res(onse to written interro)atories and
w#ere an o((ortunity is )iven 'or &ross
e4amination
A1a de(ositions de ene esse
0ay e ta1en wit# leave o' &ourt w#en!
5" A'ter .urisdi&tion #as een otained
over any de'endant or over t#e
(ro(erty w#i&# is t#e su.e&t o' t#e
a&tion ut e'ore an answer #as
een +led
8" De(osition o' a (erson &on+ned in
(rison
0ay e ta1en wit#out leave o' &ourt!
5" A'ter answer and de(onent is not
&on+ned in (rison
S&o(e o' e4aminations!
5" 0atter w#i&# is relevant to t#e
su.e&t o' t#e (endin) a&tion
8" Not (rivile)ed
;" Not restri&ted y a (rote&tive order
)( De3ositions beo$e a%tion o$
3endin4 a33eal 6Rule )49
A1a (er(etuam rei memoriam
6 O.e&tive is to (er(etuate
testimony o' a witness 'or 'uture
use
o Ta1en &onditionally* to e
used at t#e trial only in &ase
de(onent is not availale
6 Do not (rove e4isten&e o' any ri)#t
and t#e testimony (er(etuated is
not in itsel' &on&lusive (roo'* eit#er
o' t#e e4isten&e o' any ri)#t nor
even o' t#e 'a&ts to w#i&# t#ey
relate* as it &an e &ontroverted at
t#e trial in t#e same manner as
7:
t#ou)# no (er(etuation o'
testimony was ever #ad
%UT* in t#e asen&e o' any
o.e&tion to its ta1in)* and even i'
t#e de(onent did not testi'y at t#e
#earin)* t#e (er(etuated testimony
&onstitutes (rima 'a&ie (roo' o'
'a&ts re'erred to in t#e de(osition
*( Inte$$o4ato$ies to 3a$ties 6R)+9
6 Pur(ose is to eli&it 'a&ts 'rom any
adverse (arty
6 Answers may also e used as
admissions o' t#e adverse (arty
6 Gritten interro)atories and t#e
answers t#ereto must e ot# +led
and served* #en&e* t#e answers
may &onstitute as .udi&ial
admissions
4( Admission b5 Adve$se Pa$t5
unde$ Rule ),
6 Pur(ose is to e4(edite trial and
relieve (arties o' t#e &osts o'
(rovin) 'a&ts w#i&# will not e
dis(uted on trial and t#e trut# o'
w#i&# &an e as&ertained y
reasonale inAuiry
6 An admission made is 'or t#e
(ur(ose o' t#e (endin) a&tion only
and &annot e used in ot#er
(ro&eedin)s
+( P$odu%tion o$ ins3e%tion o
do%uments o$ t#in4s unde$
Rule )-
6 A((lies only to a (endin) a&tion
and t#e do&uments or t#in)s
su.e&t o' t#e motion must only e
t#ose wit#in t#e (ossession*
&ontrol* or &ustody o' a (arty
T#e do&uments to e (rodu&ed must
#ave t#e 'ollowin) reAuisites!
5" S#ould not e (rivile)ed
8" S#ould &onstitute or &ontain
eviden&e material to any matter
involved in t#e a&tion and w#i&#
are in t#e (artyFs (ossession*
&ustody* or &ontrol
;" In a (etition 'or (rodu&tion o'
(a(ers and do&uments* t#ey must
e suE&iently des&ried and
identi+ed* or else* t#e (etition will
not (ros(er
T#is mode o' dis&overy does not aut#ori$e
t#e o((osin) (arty or &ler1 or ot#er
'un&tionaries o' t#e &ourt to distrain t#e
arti&les or de(rive t#e (erson w#o
(rodu&ed t#e same o' t#eir (ossession*
even tem(orarily
,( P#5si%al and Mental
E>amination o Pe$sons unde$
Rule ).
6 T#is mode o' dis&overy is availale
in an a&tion in w#i&# t#e mental or
(#ysi&al &ondition o' a (arty is in
&ontroversy* usually arisin) in
&ontroversy in (ro&eedin)s 'or
)uardians#i( over an ime&ile or
insane (erson* w#ile t#e (#ysi&al
&ondition o' t#e (arty is )enerally
involved in (#ysi&al in.uries &ases
6 Sin&e t#e results o' t#e
e4amination are intended to e
made (uli&* t#e same are not
&overed y (#ysi&ian6(atient
(rivile)e
Use o' de(ositions!
5" Im(ea&# adverse (artyFs witness
-relate to eviden&e/
8" Residin) 599 1m away* si&1 or
in+rm
R8; R8<6 Relate to R5;< -De(osition/
Interro)atoriesIAdmission y adverse
(arty
5" File answer or &omment* or else*
t#e 'a&ts are deemed admitted* no
issue* #en&e* .ud)ment on t#e
(leadin)s
Produ&tionIIns(e&tion o' do&uments or
t#in)s
For (#oto)ra(#in)* &o(yin)*
ins(e&tin)
P$odu%tion o$ Sub3oena
=9
Ins3e%tion o
Do%uments o$
T#in4s
0ode o' dis&overy Pro&ess
%y motion %y reAuest
P$odu%tion o$
Ins3e%tion o
Do%uments o$
T#in4s
O$i4inal o
Eviden%e in
Custod5 o
Adve$se Pa$t5
0ode o' dis&overy E4&e(tion to t#e
est eviden&e rule
%y motion %y noti&e
I' t#ere is no
ori)inal do&ument*
e&ause su&# is in
t#e (resen&e o'
adverse (arty* t#e
reAuestin) (arty
&an as1 'or
(rodu&tion o' t#e
ori)inal y way o'
noti&e
Git#out (rior
1nowled)e as to
&ontents
Git# (rior
1nowled)e o'
&ontents o' t#e
do&ument* e&ause
t#e reAuestin) (arty
#as t#e se&ondary
eviden&e
0ental and P#ysi&al e4amination o'
Persons vs 2os(itali$ation o' Insane
Persons
Fos3italiJation o
Insane Pe$sons
P#5si%al and
Mental
e>amination o
3e$sons
3overned y Rule
595
3overned y Rule
8=
S(e&ial (ro&eedin) 0ode o' dis&overy
File a (etition File a motion
Filed y Re)ional
Dire&tor o' DO2
Any (arty may avail
o'
Anot#er remedy w#i&# may e availed o'!
MOTION TO DISMISS DC
PLAINTI?? 6Rule '-9
"#at a$e t#e 4$ounds o$ dismissal
unde$ Rule '-&
'( Dismissal u3on noti%e b5
3lainti1 6R'- S'9
6 At any time e'ore servi&e o' t#e
answer or o' a motion 'or summary
.ud)ment
%e'ore +lin) res(onsive (leadin) or
motion 'or summary .ud)ment
)( Dismissal u3on motion b5
3lainti1 6R'- S)9
U(on a((roval o' t#e &ourt and
U(on su&# terms and &onditions as
t#e &ourt deems (ro(er
Git# answer* y way o' motion
wit#out (re.udi&e to &ounter&laim
0ay e +led inde(endently or
se(arately
*( Dismissal due to ault o
3lainti12 w#en o$ @ustiGable
%ause2
Plainti, 'ails to a((ear on t#e date
o' t#e (resentation o' #is eviden&e
in &#ie' on t#e &om(laint
Plainti, 'ails to (rose&ute #is a&tion
'or an unreasonale len)t# o' time
Plainti, 'ails to &om(ly wit# t#ese
Rules or any order o' t#e &ourt
"#at is t#e ) dismissal $ule& "#at
a$e its elements&
-R57 S5/ 6""t#e noti&e o' dismissal y
(lainti, o(erates as an ad.udi&ation u(on
t#e merits w#en +led y a (lainti, w#o
#as on&e dismissed in a &om(etent &ourt
an a&tion ased on or in&ludin) t#e same
&laim
Elements o ) dismissal $ule! 6R'- S'9
=5
5" First &om(laint +led y (lainti,
e'ore &ourt o' &om(etent
.urisdi&tion
8" At any time e'ore servi&e o'
answer or o' motion 'or summary
.ud)ment* (lainti, +led noti&e o'
dismissal o' t#e +rst &om(laint*
w#i&# t#e &ourt )ranted -e,e&t
wit#out (re.udi&e/
;" Se&ond &om(laint +led y (lainti,
involvin) an a&tion ased on or
in&ludin) t#e same &laim e'ore
&ourt o' &om(etent .urisdi&tion
<" At any time e'ore servi&e o'
answer or o' motion 'or summary
.ud)ment* (lainti, +led noti&e o'
dismissal o' t#e se&ond &om(laint
ased on or in&ludin) t#e same
&laim as t#e +rst &om(laint
E1e%t o ) dismissal $ule 6R'- S'9!
T#e se&ond noti&e o' dismissal s#all
o(erate as an ad.udi&ation u(on t#e
merits"
E>%e3tions to ) Dismissal Rule!
5" 5
st
a&tion is not related to t#e
se&ond a&tion
8" Court dismissin) t#e se&ond a&tion
is a &ourt not o' &om(etent
.urisdi&tion
Natu$e o Dismissal o a%tions unde$
Rule '-!
6S'92 u3on noti%e b5 3lainti1
Unless ot#erwise stated in t#e
noti&e* t#e dismissal is wit#out
(re.udi&e*
-H8 dismissal rule/ ""e4&e(t t#at a
noti&e o(erates as an ad.udi&ation
u(on t#e merits w#en +led y a
(lainti, w#o #as on&e dismissed in
a &om(etent &ourt an a&tion ased
on or in&ludin) t#e same &laim
6S)92 u3on motion o 3lainti1
T#e dismissal s#all e wit#out
(re.udi&e* unless ot#erwise
s(e&i+ed in t#e order
6S*92 due to ault o 3lainti1
T#e dismissal s#all #ave t#e e,e&t
o' an ad.udi&ation u(on t#e merits
unless ot#erwise de&lared y t#e
&ourt
"#at a$e 5ou$ $emedies2 as 3lainti12
in su%# %ases&
S'7 dismissal u3on noti%e b5 3lainti1
re+le t#e &ase -unless t#e 86
dismissal rule a((lies VKW/
or i' so de&lared wit# (re.udi&e*
a((eal t#e dismissal
S)7 dismissal u3on motion o 3lainti1
Re+le t#e &ase
I' t#e &ourt de&lares t#at t#e
dismissal is wit# (re.udi&e* a((eal
t#e dismissal
S*7 dismissal due to ault o 3lainti1
A((eal t#e dismissal
I' t#e &ourt de&lares t#at t#e
dismissal is wit#out (re.udi&e* re+le
t#e &ase
Anot#er!
:UD;MENT ON TFE PLEADIN;S
6Rule *49
S5
G#ere t#e answer
6 'ails to tender an issue or
6 ot#erwise admits t#e material
(leadin)*
t#e &ourt may* on motion o' t#at (arty*
dire&t .ud)ment on su&# (leadin)
2owever* in an a&tion 'or de&laration o'
6 nullity or
6 annulment o' marria)e or
6 'or le)al se(aration*
=8
t#e material 'a&ts alle)ed in t#e &om(laint
s#all always e (roved
E4&e(tion t#at >oP e on motion!
6 i' at (re trial &ourt +nds t#at
.ud)ment on t#e (leadin)s is
(ro(er* it &an render su&#
.ud)ment motu (ro(rio
Alle)ations not deemed admitted y +lin)
o' .ud)ment on t#e (leadin)s!
6 irrelevant alle)ations
6 immaterial alle)ations
6 alle)ations o' dama)es in t#e
&om(laint
:ud4ment on t#e
Pleadin4s
Summa$5
:ud4ment
; day noti&e rule 59 day noti&e rule
Filed y (lainti, Filed y de'endant
%ased solely on t#e
(leadin)s
%ased on (leadin)s*
de(ositions*
admissions*
aEdavits
Answer 'ails to
tender an issue or
t#ere is an
admission o'
material alle)ations
No )enuine issue
etween t#e (arties
On t#e merits Interlo&utory or on
t#e merits
T#ere is answer
+led
I' +led y (lainti,*
+led at any time
e'ore answer is
served
I' +led y
de'endant* may e
+led at any time
even e'ore answer
VII( REPLC 6R, S'09
A (leadin)* t#e oE&e or 'un&tion o' w#i&#
is to deny or alle)e 'a&ts in denial or
avoidan&e o' new matters alle)ed y way
o' de'ense in t#e answer and t#erey .oin
or ma1e issue as to su&# new matters"
I' a (arty does not +le su&# re(ly* all t#e
new matters alle)ed in t#e answer are
deemed &ontroverted"
R556 may e +led wit#in 59 days 'rom
servi&e o' t#e (leadin) res(onded to
VIII( RE:OINDER
Se&ond (leadin) on t#e (arty on
t#e (art o' de'endant ein) #is
answer to t#e (lainti,Fs re(li&ation
Anot#er 'orm o' res(onsive
(leadin)
IE( PRE TRIAL 6Rule '.9
Rule 5= S5 CO0PLETE!
AFTER t#e LAST PLEADIN; ASSERTIN;
A CLAIM #as een served and +led* or
AFTER t#e EQPIRATION OF T2E TI0E FOR
FILIN3 T2E LAST PLEADIN3 ASSERTIN3 A
CLAI0* a (re trial is to e &ondu&ted u(on
motion e4 (arte y (lainti, t#at t#e &ase
e set 'or (re trial
Pre Trial Con'eren&e6 yes
Answer
Answer to (ermissive &ounter&laim
Answer to &ross &laim
Answer to t#ird (arty &om(laint
Re(ly to answer
Re(ly to answer to (ermissive
&ounter&laim
Re(ly to answer to &ross &laim
Re(ly to answer to t#ird (arty
&om(laint
Re(ly to answer to &om(laint in
intervention
Re.oinder
=;
%y 0OTION
I' t#e motion is not +led* is t#e &ase
dismissed 'or 'ailure to (rose&uteK
6 Te&#ini&ally* yes* ut , R5 S?
-lieral &onstru&tion*
o It is not dismissed
2en&e* i' (lainti, 'ailed to +le motion e4
(arte t#at t#e &ase e set 'or (re trial* t#e
&ler1 o' &ourt s#all issue noti&e o' (re trial
&on'eren&e
P$e T$ial in
C$iminal Cases
P$e T$ial in Civil
Cases
0andatory reAuirement
A'ter arrai)nment*
wit#in ;9 days 'rom
t#e date t#e &ourt
a&Auires .urisdi&tion
over t#e a&&used
A'ter t#e last
(leadin) assertin) a
&laim #as een
served and +led
Rule 55= Rule 5=
No (re trial rie' Pre trial rie' is
reAuired to e +led
and served
Counsel o' a&&used
and (rose&utor are
reAuired to a((ear
Parties and &ounsel
are reAuired to
a((ear
Non a((earan&e
may e e4&used
only i' valid &ause is
s#own* or
re(resentative s#all
a((ear in e#al'
duly aut#ori$ed in
writin) to enter into
ami&ale
settlement* sumit
to ADR* enter into
sti(ulations o' 'a&ts
and o' do&ument
Failure o' &ounsel o'
a&&used or
(rose&utor to
a((ear* and wit#out
a&&e(tale e4&use
'or la&1 o'
&oo(eration* &ourt
may im(ose (ro(er
san&tions or
Failure o' (lainti, to
a((ear* dismissal o'
t#e &ase wit#
(re.udi&e* unless
ot#erwise ordered
y t#e &ourt
(enalties
Presen&e o' (rivate
o,ended (arty is
not reAuired -as
only reAuired to
a((ear at
arrai)nment/
Failure o' de'endant
to a((ear* (lainti,
to (resent eviden&e
e4 (arte
PrZ trial a)reement
is in writin)* si)ned
y a&&used and
&ounsel* or else*
&annot e used
a)ainst a&&used
Si)ned y (arties
and &ounsel -K/
Considerations in
(re trial &on'eren&e!
Plea
ar)ainin)
Sti(ulation
o' 'a&ts
0ar1in) o'
identi+&ation
o' eviden&e
o' t#e
(arties
Gaiver o'
o.e&tions to
admissiility
o' eviden&e
0odi+&ation
o' order o'
trial i'
a&&used
admits t#e
&#ar)e ut
inter(oses a
law'ul
de'ense
Su&#
matters as
will (romote
a 'air and
e4(editious
trial o' t#e
&riminal and
&ivil as(e&ts
o' t#e &ase
Considerations in
(re trial!
Possiility o'
ami&ale
settlement
or
sumission
to
alternative
modes o'
dis(ute
resolution
Sim(li+&atio
n o' t#e
issues
Ne&essity or
desiraility
o'
amendments
to t#e
(leadin)s
Possiility o'
otainin)
sti(ulations
or
admissions
o' 'a&ts and
o'
do&uments
to avoid
unne&essary
(roo'
Limitation on
t#e numer
=<
o' witnesses
Advisaility
o'
(reliminary
&on'eren&e
o' issues to
&ommissione
r
Pro(riety o'
renderin)
.ud)ment on
t#e
(leadin)s*
summary
.ud)ment*
dismissin)
t#e a&tion
s#ould a
valid )round
t#ere'or e
'ound to
e4ist
Advisaility
or ne&essity
o'
sus(endin)
t#e
(ro&eedin)s
Su&# ot#er
matters as
may aid in
t#e (rom(t
dis(osition o'
t#e a&tion
-sim(li+ed/
P$e T$ial In
C$iminal
P$e T$ial in Civil
A'ter arrai)nment A'ter last (leadin)
assertin) a &laim
#as een served
and +led
No (re trial rie' Git# (re trial rie'
Order o' (re trial
si)ned y a&&used
and &ounsel so
admissions are
indin)
Failure to a((ear*
san&tions a)ainst
&ounsel and
Failure to a((ear y
(lainti,* dismissal
o' &ase wit#
(rose&utor (re.udi&e
Failure to a((ear y
de'endant* (lainti,
to (resent eviden&e
e4 (arte
"#at a$e t#e 3u$3oses o 3$e7t$ial&
-Rule 5= S8/
T#e &ourt s#all &onsider!
a" T#e (ossiility o' an ami&ale
settlement or o' a sumission to
alternative modes o' dis(ute
resolution
" T#e sim(li+&ation o' t#e issues
&" T#e ne&essity or desiraility o'
amendments to t#e (leadin)s
d" T#e (ossiility o' otainin)
sti(ulations o' admissions o' 'a&ts
and o' do&uments to avoid
ne&essary (roo'
e" T#e limitation o' t#e numer o'
witnesses
'" T#e advisaility o' a (reliminary
&on'eren&e o' issues to a
&ommissioner
)" T#e (ro(riety o' renderin)
.ud)ment on t#e (leadin)s or
summary .ud)ment or o'
dismissin) t#e a&tion s#ould a valid
)round t#ere'ore t#e 'ound to e4ist
#" T#e advisaility or ne&essity o'
sus(endin) t#e (leadin)s
i" Su&# ot#er matters as may aid in
t#e (rom(t dis(osition o' t#e a&tion
S?6 Pre trial rie'
T#e (arties s#all +le wit# t#e &ourt and
serve on t#e adverse (arty* in su&#
manner as s#all ensure t#eir re&ei(t
t#ereo' at least ; days e'ore t#e date o'
t#e (re trial* t#eir res(e&tive (re trial
rie's w#i&# s#all &ontain* amon) ot#ers!
=C
a" A statement o' t#eir willin)ness to
enter into ami&ale settlement or
alternative modes o' dis(ute
resolution* indi&atin) t#e desired
terms t#ereo'
" A summary o' sti(ulated 'a&ts and
(ro(osed sti(ulation o' 'a&ts
&" T#e issues to e tried or resolved
d" T#e do&uments or e4#iits to e
(resented* statin) t#e (ur(ose
t#ereo'
e" A mani'estation o' t#eir #avin)
availed or t#eir intention to avail
t#emselves o' dis&overy
(ro&edures or re'erral to
&ommissioners
'" T#e numer and names o' t#e
witnesses* and t#e sustan&e o'
t#eir res(e&tive testimonies
Failure to +le t#e (re trial rie' s#all #ave
t#e same e,e&t as 'ailure to a((ear at t#e
(re trial"
PRE TRIAL DRIE?
ReAuired to e +led at least ; days
e'ore t#e Pre Trial Con'eren&e
Ensure na really )ood* 'or +lin)
memoranda
-all remedies* may ayad* awat (leadin)/
B(a)1a1itaan
Failure to +le at (re trial rie' S 'ailure to
a((ear at (re trial* same e,e&t
ReHuisites o$ a33ea$an%e at t#e 3$e
t$ial!
-R5= S</
5" Duty o' t#e (arties and t#eir
&ounsel to a((ear at t#e (re trial
8" T#e non6a((earan&e o' a (arty
may e e4&used only i' a valid
&ause is s#own t#ere'or or IF A
REPRENTATIVE S2ALL APPEAR IN
2IS %E2ALF FULLL AUT2ORINED IN
GRITIN3
I' (arty a NATURAL PERSON6
re(resentative is armed wit# SPECIAL
POGER OF ATTORNEL
I' (arty is a >URIDICAL PERSON
-&or(orations or (artners#i(s/6
re(resentative is armed wit# %OARD
RESOLUTION -%oard resolution is indin)
u(on t#e entire &or(oration* e&ause t#e
%oard o' Dire&tors Vin &ase o' sto&1
&or(orationsW or t#e %oard o' Trustees Vin
&ase o' non sto&1 &or(orationsW are t#e
ones w#o ma1e t#e de&isions o' t#e
&or(oration t#rou)# %oard Resolution66
note t#at %oard Resolution (revails over
SPA/
E1e%ts o ailu$e to a33ea$ at t#e 3$e
t$ial!
Plainti1 ails to a33ea$
R5= SC
T#e 'ailure o' (lainti, to a((ear at t#e (re
trial &on'eren&e w#en so reAuired s#all e
&ause 'or t#e dismissal o' t#e a&tion" T#e
dismissal s#all e wit# (re.udi&e* unless
ot#erwise ordered y t#e &ourt"
Deendant ails to a33ea$
R5= SC
T#e 'ailure o' de'endant to a((ear at t#e
(re trial &on'eren&e s#all e &ause to allow
t#e (lainti, to (resent #is eviden&e e4
(arte and t#e &ourt to render .ud)ment on
t#e asis t#ereo'"
Remedies in %ase o ailu$e to a33ea$
b5 3lainti1 < deendant!
Plainti1 ails to a33ea$
Plainti, &an +le an a((eal* unless
t#e dismissal is ruled to e wit#out
(re.udi&e* w#i&# in su&# a &ase*
de'endant would e avail o' t#e
remedy o' re+lin) t#e &ase or +lin)
a (etition 'or &ertiorari under Rule
?C
=?
Deendant ails to a33ea$
NOTE! De'endant GILL NOT %E DECLARED
IN DEFAULTR Li1ewise* t#ere is no su&#
t#in) under t#e 5::7 Rules on Civil
Pro&edure AS IN DEFAULT -sa luma to/
"#en deendant ails to a33ea$2 4
SCENARIOS ARE CONTEMPLATED!
6 Issuan&e o' order allowin) e4 (arte
(resentation o' eviden&eIe'ore
(resentation o' eviden&e
6 Order allowin) e4 (arte
(resentation o' eviden&e was
issued* (lainti, (resents e4 (arte
eviden&e
6 %e'ore .ud)ment e&omes +nal and
e4e&utory
6 A'ter .ud)ment e&omes +nal and
e4e&utory
ORDER ALLO"IN; PLAINTI??OS
PRESENTATION O? EVIDENCE
EE PARTE
RE0EDIES! T#e order is interlo&utory*
#en&e*
?ile motion o$ $e%onside$ation*
ased on R?C S< and R<5 S5
6 R?C -</6 ""w#et#er su&# m<r is
reAuired or not""
6 R<5 -5/6 t#e order allowin) e4 (arte
(resentation o' eviden&e is an
interlo&utory order* #en&e* no
a((eal may e ta1en 'rom it
I' 0<R denied* Gle 3etition o$
%e$tio$a$i under Rule ?C
6 R<5 -5/6 t#e order allowin) e4 (arte
interlo&utory order* no a((eal may
e ta1en 'rom it* #en&e* a))rieved
(arty may +le t#e a((ro(riate
s(e&ial &ivil a&tion under Rule ?C*
w#i&# in&ludes &ertiorari
PRESENTATION O? EVIDENCE
EE PARTE
Condu&ted y Court o' CLER@ OF COURT
6 Cler1 o' &ourt* a LAGLER
o 2en&e* i' .ud)e dele)ated to
&ler1 o' &ourt w#o is not a
lawyer* %AGAL
Can &ler1 o' &ourt &#ar)e CommissionerFs
FeeK
%AGAL a&&d) sa 0anual o' Cler1 o' Court
-u)at n) &orru(tion/
T#e only time na (wede is w#en #e
is not an em(loyee o' a &ourt
RE0EDIES!
File a motion o$ $e%onside$ation M
Set aside t#e Eviden%e E> 3a$te
6 on t#e )round t#at t#e order is
&ontrary to law VR;7WK OR*
6 t#at* t#e order allowin) e4 (arte
interlo&utory order/
i' you 'ail t#is* t#e eviden&e s#all
'orm (art o' t#e re&ords o' t#e &ase
T 1awawa 1a &)e
I' t#e motion 'or re&onsideration M motion
to set aside is denied* Gle a 3etition o$
%e$tio$a$i unde$ Rule ,+
R<5 -5/6 t#e order allowin) e4 (arte
interlo&utory order* no a((eal may
e ta1en 'rom it* #en&e* a))rieved
(arty may +le t#e a((ro(riate
s(e&ial &ivil a&tion under Rule ?C*
w#i&# in&ludes &ertiorari
Deo$e @ud4ment be%omes Gnal
and e>e%uto$5
RE0EDIES!
6 A33eal t#e @ud4ment -Rule <5/
or
6 File motion o$ $e%onside$ation
-Rule ;7/ or
3round! t#at t#e eviden&e is insuE&ient to
.usti'y t#e de&ision or +nal order
6 File a motion o$ new t$ial -Rule
;7/
3round! FA0E w#i&# ordinary (ruden&e
&ould not #ave )uarded a)ainst and y
=7
reason o' w#i&# su&# a))rieved (arty #as
een im(aired in #is ri)#t
Ate$ @ud4ment be%omes Gnal
and e>e%uto$5
RE0EDIES!
6 File Relie $om @ud4ment2
o$de$2 o$ ot#e$ 3$o%eedin4s
under Rule ;= or
o 3ROUND! any (ro&eedin) is
t#erea'ter ta1en a)ainst t#e
(arty in any &ourt t#rou)#
FA0E
6 File 'or annulment o @ud4ment2
Gnal o$de$2 o$ $esolution under
Rule <7 or
o 3ROUND! e4trinsi& 'raud
6 File 3etition o$ %e$tio$a$i under
Rule ?C or
o 3ROUND! 3AD amountin)
to la&1 or e4&ess o'
.urisdi&tion on t#e (art o'
t#e triunal e4er&isin)
.udi&ial 'un&tions* and t#ere
is no a((eal nor any (lain*
s(eedy and adeAuate
remedy in t#e ordinary
&ourse o' law
6 0a1e a %ollate$al atta%8 on t#e
.ud)ment
P$e T$ial O$de$
6 Order issued y t#e &ourt statin)
w#at trans(ired durin) t#e (re trial
&on'eren&e
o Can e amended
a&&ordin)ly
o %y +lin) motion to amend or
&orre&t t#e (re trial order*
wit#in C days a'ter re&ei(t
o' t#e (re trial order
o NO NEED 'or &ounsel to si)n
t#e (re trial order
Pre Trial &on'eren&e6 relates to .udi&ial
admissions under Rule 58:
Adverse (arty admits your
(ro(osalsIsti(ulations
6 Deemed admitted
Cause o' a&tion admitted y de'endant*
6 Rule 5= in relation to Rule ;<
>UD30ENT ON T2E
PLEADIN3S
Con&lusive on (art o' admitter* 'or
(ur(oses o' sustantial .usti&e
Pre Trial
6 0ay e dele)ated to &ler1 o' &ourt
w#o is a lawyer
After &R5 6R7AL,
E( TRIAL
T#e est (art o' law (ra&ti&e
-Rule ;9 in relation to Rule 5;8 S<* C* ?* 7*
=/
A (ro&eedin) w#ere (arties (resent
eviden&e and ends in oral
ar)ument
Git# res(e&t to e4amination o' witnesses
Pre trial rie' -see aove/ (resented in
trial
All witnesses in (re trial rie' to e
(resented
%e'ore witness is (resented* o,er o'
testimony* in a&&ordan&e wit# (ur(ose in
(re trial rie'
5" PROPONENTOS < PLAINTI??OS
TESTIMONIES AND EVIDENCE IN
CFIE? as well as t#at o
witnesses
Git# res(e&t to Rule 7 -(arts o' a (leadin)/
statin) t#e &ause o' a&tion in t#e ody o'
t#e (leadin)
Ultimate 'a&ts to e (roven durin) t#e trial
o' t#e &ase
ORDER!
Di$e%t E>amination
6 Trans'orm alle)ations o' t#e
&om(laint in t#e ody o' t#e
(leadin)
6 Cause o' a&tion
6 Dire&t testimony
==
6 S#ow sinum(aan) salaysay
2OG* G2EN* G2ERE* G2AT* G2L
CONSIDER violations and e4&e(tions!
Leadin) Duestions
6 Avoid e4&e(t in (reliminary matters
6 Pro(ound answers w#i&# (ro(onent
desires
NOTE EQCEPTIONS! #ostile witnesses*
minors* adverse (arty* (reliminaries
Is your name 0s QK Leadin)
Is your a)e 87K Leadin)
0isleadin) Auestions
C$oss E>amination
ReAuires 1nowled)e o'!
6 Fa&ts
6 Eviden&e
6 De'enses
Leadin) Auestions are allowed
Totoo an) i1aw ay ma)andaK Leadin)
Otain aErmative answers6 3OOD
Line o' Auestionin)!
Is it not a 'a&t you are 5 o'""" LES
E4e&uted sometime* et&""" LES
NOTE! Lead mo (a(unta sayo
6 Test &rediility o' witness* test
&rediility o' testimony
6 Not 'rom t#e mout# o' &redile
witness* ut 'rom &redile
testimony
o G2LK Asa TSN6 (a) may
mali* i(a &orre&t
TSN is est eviden&e
o' w#at trans(ired
durin) trial
To im(lea&#
testimony o'
witness
To re'res#
memory o'
t#e witness
Ididis&uss din
to isa isa sa
memorandum
Re Di$e%t E>amination
Re estalis# w#at was destroyed
durin) t#e &ross e4amination
Re C$oss E>amination
Destroy w#at was re estalis#ed in
t#e re dire&t e4amination
NOTE! Identi'y all witnesses
O1e$ o
Testimon5
O1e$ o Eviden%e
0ade at t#e time
t#e witness is
(resented on t#e
witness stand
A'ter termination o'
(resentation o'
eviden&e o'
(rose&ution
Eviden%e in %#ie
Eviden&e su((ortin) alle)ations in
t#e &om(laint
A'ter (resentation o' all witnesses*
O1e$ o eviden%e
T#en*
Comment o$ ob@e%tion
6 Se&ondary
6 Not identi&al
T#en*
O$de$ o admission<E>%lusion o
eviden%e
AdmittedJ E4# A* E4# %
E4&luded! E4# C* et&
=:
TENDER O? EECLUDED
EVIDENCE
Considered y CA in a((eal
After &LA7967)) R5S6S 76S CAS5,
-de'endant may +le/ DEMURRER
TO EVIDENCE 6Rule **9
D8E vs 08D -sim(li+ed/
D)E M)D
Rule ;; Rule 5?
A'ter (lainti, rests
its &ase
%e'ore +lin) o'
res(onsive (leadin)
T#at (lainti, #as
s#own no ri)#t o'
relie'
59 )rounds
I' )ranted* &ase
dismissed
I' )ranted ut on
a((eal order o'
dismissal is
reversed* de'endant
is deemed to #ave
waived t#e ri)#t to
(resent eviden&e
I' )ranted* &ase
dismissed* remedy
de(ends!
Git# (re.udi&e6
a((eal
Git#out (re.udi&e6
re+le
%ot# y way o' motion
NOTE! in summary (ro&eedin)s* no trial*
no demurrer to eviden&e
In Criminal Cases*
T#ere is demurrer to eviden&e in Summary
Pro&edure
6 Constitutional Ri)#t to Due (ro&ess
Demu$$e$ to
eviden%e in Civil
P$o%edu$e
Demu$$e$ to
eviden%e in
C$iminal
P$o%edu$e
Rule ;; Rule 55: S8;
No leave o' &ourt
reAuired
Git# or wit#out
leave o' &ourt
I' wit# leave o'
&ourt* a&&used
&ould (resent
eviden&e i'
demurrer is denied
I' wit#out leave o'
&ourt* a&&used
&ould not (resent
eviden&e i'
demurrer is denied
I' &ourt +nds t#at
eviden&e is
insuE&ient -(lainti,
#as s#own no ri)#t
to relie'/* &om(laint
dismissed as
demurrer is )ranted
I' &ourt +nds t#at
(rose&utionFs
eviden&e is
insuE&ient*
demurrer )ranted*
a&&used is a&Auitted
>ud)ment o'
a&Auittal not
a((ealale* #en&e*
D> sets in
>ud)ment o'
dismissal is
a((ealale
I' demurrer is
)ranted ut on
a((eal* order o'
dismissal is
reversed* de'endant
is deemed to #ave
waived t#e ri)#t to
(resent eviden&e
-NO res .udi&ata in
dismissal due to
demurrer/
>ud)ment o'
a&Auittal is not
a((ealaleJ D> sets
in
Plainti, +les motion
to deny motion due
to demurrer to
eviden&e
Court may motu
(ro(rio deny motion
I' &ourt denies
demurrer*
de'endant will
(resent eviden&e
I' &ourt denies
demurrer*
Git# LoC6 a&&used
may (resent
eviden&e
:9
GIO LoC6 a&&used
&an no lon)er
(resent eviden&e
and sumits &ase
'or de&ision ased
on (rose&utionFs
eviden&e
-sim(li+ed version/
D)E Civil D)E C$iminal
Rule ;; Rule 55: S8;
Git# or wit#out
leave o' &ourt
I' )ranted* ut on
a((eal is reversed*
de'endant loses t#e
ri)#t to (resent
eviden&e* &ase
sumitted 'or
de&ision
Git# LoC6 i' denied*
a&&used (resents
eviden&e
Git#out LoC6 i'
denied* de'endant
&annot (resent
eviden&e
After plainti? rests its "ase, no (35 or (35
denied no appeal,
)( DE?ENDANTOS EVIDENCE IN
CFIE?
Prove alle)ations in t#e ody o' t#e
answer -R7 S5/
Order!
Di$e%t E>amination
C$oss E>amination
Re Di$e%t E>amination
Re C$oss E>amination
?o$mal o1e$ o eviden%e
Comment
Ob@e%tion
O1e$
Tende$ o e>%luded eviden%e
DE?ENDANT RESTS ITS CASE
Note! No more D8E6 Rule ;;6 a'ter
PLAINTIFF rests its &ase"""
*( REDUTTAL EVIDENCE
Pur(ose is to reut de'endantFs
eviden&e in &#ie'
Order! -same as (reviously stated/
4( SUR REDUTTAL EVIDENCE
Pur(ose is to reut t#e reuttal
Order! -Same as (reviously stated/
+( MEMORANDUM
Narration o' 'a&ts o' t#e &ase*
issues* no &ause o' a&tion* no
de'enses* ut only &ontain
dis&ussions
After trial,
EI( :UD;MENT 6Rule *,9
De&lares ri)#tsIrelie's o' (arties
Final &onsideration and
determination o' a &ourt o'
&om(etent .urisdi&tion u(on t#e
matters sumitted to it in an a&tion
or (ro&eedin)
S56 Rendition o' .ud)ments and +nal
orders!
A .ud)ment or +nal order determines t#e
merits o' a &ase* s#all e
6 in writin)*
6 (ersonally and dire&tly (re(ared y
t#e .ud)e*
6 statin) &learly and distin&tly t#e
'a&ts and t#e law on w#i&# it is
ased*
6 must &ontain a dis(ositive (art*
6 si)ned y #im* and
6 +led wit# t#e &ler1 o' &ourt
CONSTITUTIONAL %ASIS!
A= S5<B-asis 'or Rule ;?/
:5
No de&ision s#all e rendered y any &ourt
wit#out e4(ressin) t#erein &learly and
distin&tly t#e 'a&ts and t#e law on w#i&# it
is ased"
No (etition 'or review or motion 'or
re&onsideration o' a de&ision o' t#e &ourt
s#all e re'used due &ourse or denied
wit#out startin) t#e le)al asis t#ere'or"
@inds o' >ud)ments!
:UD;MENT UPON A
COMPROMISE
6 >ud)ment rendered y t#e &ourt on
t#e asis o' &om(romise
a)reement entered into y t#e
(arties
6 Immediately e4e&utory u(on
si)nin) o' &om(romise a)reement
in asen&e o' motion to set aside
on t#e )round o' FA0E
6 2as e,e&t o' res .udi&ata
6 Com(romise a)reement 0ay e
sumitted to y (arties at any
sta)e o' a &ase* even a'ter F and E*
even wit#out &ourt a((roval
-A898=689<?* NCC/
Court &ould render .ud)ment u(on a
&om(romise* and* in &ase o' rea&# o' any
o' t#e &onditions* t#e (arty may as1 t#e
&ourt 'or e4e&ution o' .ud)ment"
:UD;MENT UPON CON?ESSION
>ud)ment rendered y &ourt w#en
a (arty e4(ressly a)rees to t#e
ot#er (artyFs &laim or
a&1nowled)es validity o' t#e &laim
a)ainst #im
:ud4ment u3on
%om3$omise
:ud4ment b5
%onession
Provisions and
terms are settled
and a)reed u(on y
t#e (arties to t#e
a&tion and w#i&# is
entered y t#e
&onsent o' t#e &ourt
An aErmative and
voluntary a&t o'
de'endant #imsel'"
T#e &ourt e4er&ises
a &ertain amount o'
su(ervision over t#e
entry o' .ud)ment
8 1inds o' .ud)ment y &on'ession!
:ud4ment b5 Co4novit
a%tionem
De'endant a'ter servi&e instead o'
enterin) a (lea* a&1nowled)ed and
&on'essed t#at (lainti,Fs &ause o'
a&tion was .ust and ri)#t'ul
:ud4ment b5 Conession Reli%ta
Ve$iG%atione
A'ter (leadin) and e'ore trial*
de'endant ot# &on'esses t#e
(lainti,Fs &ause o' a&tion and
wit#drew or aandoned #is (lea or
ot#er alle)ations* w#ereu(on
.ud)ment was entered a)ainst #im
wit#out (ro&eedin) to trial
Remedies to .ud)ment y &onsent*
&on'ession* &om(romise!
File motion to set aside
I' denied* +le (etition 'or &ertiorari
under Rule ?C -R<5 S5/
:UD;MENT UPON TFE MERITS
>ud)ment t#at is rendered a'ter
&onsideration o' t#e eviden&e
sumitted y t#e (arties durin) t#e
trial o' t#e &ase
CLARI?ICATORC :UD;MENT
>ud)ment rendered to &lari'y an
ami)uous .ud)ment or one
diE&ult to &om(ly wit#
:UD;MENT NON PRO TUNC
Now 'or t#en
>ud)ment intended to enter into
t#e re&ord t#e a&ts w#i&# #ad
already een done* ut w#i&# do
not a((ear in t#e re&ords
:8
:UD;MENT SIN PER:UICIO
Git#out (re.udi&e
Re'ers to dismissal o' a &ase
wit#out (re.udi&e to its ein)
re+led
:UD;MENT DC DE?AULT 6R/ S*9
>ud)ment rendered y t#e &ourt
'ollowin) an order o' de'ault*
)rantin) t#e &laimin) (arty t#e
relie' (rayed 'or on t#e asis o' #is
eviden&e (resented e4 (arte y
(lainti,
:UD;MENT ON TFE PLEADIN;S
6R*49
>ud)ment rendered y t#e &ourt u(on
motion y (lainti, w#ere t#e answer o'
de'endant
'ails to tender an issue or
ot#erwise admits t#e material
(leadin)
SUMMARC :UD;MENT 6R*+9
>ud)ment rendered y t#e &ourt i'
t#e (leadin)s* su((ortin)
aEdavits* de(ositions and
admissions o' (lainti, or de'endant
s#ow t#at!
e4&e(t as to t#e amount o'
dama)es* t#e$e is no 4enuine
issue as to an5 mate$ial a%t
and t#at t#e movin4 3a$t5 is
entitled to @ud4ment as a
matte$ o law
SEVERAL :UD;MENT
R;? S<
>ud)ment rendered y t#e &ourt
w#ere in an a&tion a)ainst several
de'endants* t#e &ourt renders
.ud)ment a)ainst one or more o'
t#em* leavin) t#e a&tion to (ro&eed
a)ainst t#e ot#ers
SEPARATE :UD;MENT
R;? SC
>ud)ment rendered dis(osin) o' a
&laim amon) several ot#ers
(resented in a &ase a'ter a
determination o' issues material to
a (arti&ular &laim and all
&ounter&laims arisin) out o' t#e
transa&tion or o&&urren&e w#i&# is
t#e su.e&t matter o' said &laim
SPECIAL :UD;MENT
R;: S55
>ud)ment reAuirin) (er'orman&e o'
an a&t ot#er t#an e4e&ution o'
.ud)ments 'or money e4e&ution o'
.ud)ments 'or a s(e&i+& a&t*
a &erti+ed &o(y o' t#e .ud)ment
s#all e atta&#ed to t#e writ o'
e4e&ution and s#all e served y
t#e oE&er u(on t#e (arty a)ainst
w#om t#e same is rendered* or
u(on any ot#er (erson reAuired
t#erey* or y law* to oey t#e
same* and su&# (arty or (erson
&an e #eld liale 'or &ontem(t 'or
disoedien&e o' su&# s(e&ial
.ud)ment
:UD;MENT ?OR SPECI?IC ACTS
R;: S59
>ud)ment o' a &ourt dire&tin) a
(arty to e4e&ute a &onveyan&e o'
land or (ersonal (ro(erty or to
deliver deeds or ot#er do&uments*
or to (er'orm any ot#er s(e&i+& a&t
in &onne&tion t#erewit#
:UD;MENT ON DEMURRER TO
EVIDENCE
R;;
.ud)ment rendered y &ourt
dismissin) &ase u(on motion o'
de'endant* made a'ter (lainti,
rested #is &ase* on t#e )round t#at
u(on t#e 'a&ts (resented y
(lainti, and t#e law on t#e matter*
:;
(lainti, #as not s#own any ri)#t to
relie'
CONDITIONAL :UD;MENT
>ud)ment w#erein e,e&tivity o'
su&# de(ends u(on o&&urren&e or
non o&&urren&e o' an event
?INAL :UD;MENT
>ud)ment w#i&# dis(oses o' t#e
w#ole su.e&t matter or terminates
t#e (arti&ular (ro&eedin)s or
a&tion* leavin) not#in) to e done
y t#e &ourt ut to en'or&e in
e4e&ution w#at #as een
determined
AMENDED :UD;MENT
A1a &lari+ed .ud)mentJ it is an
entirely new .ud)ment* w#i&#
su(ersedes an ori)inal .ud)ment
rendered y t#e &ourt
SUPPLEMENTAL :UD;MENT
>ud)ment o' t#e &ourt w#i&# serves
to olster or add to t#e ori)inal
.ud)ment* and does not ta1e (la&e
nor e4tin)uis# t#e ori)inal
.ud)ment
Con&lusiveness o' .ud)ment
Res >udi&ata -note aove/
Stare De&isis
Oiter Di&tum
Law o' t#e Case
7f after !ud+0ent is pro0ul+ated, the
!ud+0ent is a0bi+uous and diA"ult to
"o0pl,
0OTION FOR CLARIFICATORL
>UD30ENT
EII( REMEDIES DE?ORE
:UD;MENT DECOMES ?INAL
AND EEECUTORC!
0otion 'or re&onsideration -Rule
;7/
0otion 'or New Trial -Rule ;7/
Reo(enin) o' Trial -Rule 55:/
A((eal -Rules <96<;* <C/
5" Motion o$ Re%onside$ation
6Rule *-9
R;7 S5
Git#in t#e (eriod 'or ta1in) an a((eal* a
motion 'or re&onsideration may move 'or
re&onsideration on t#e )rounds t#at!
a" Dama)es awarded are e4&essive
" Eviden&e is insuE&ient to .usti'y
t#e de&ision or +nal order
&" T#at t#e de&ision or order is
&ontrary to law
NOTE! 0<R #ere is dire&ted a)ainst
.ud)ment or +nal order* not an
interlo&utory order w#i&# (re&eded
(etition 'or &ertiorari -R<5 S5 in relation to
R?C yon/
NOTE! Interlo&utory orders are non
a((ealale -A0 7676586SC/
Under Summary Pro&edure* %AGAL an)
0<R and 0NT R;7 -3eneral Rule/
:<
E4&e(tion! I' a)ainst interlo&utory order
8" Motion o$ New T$ial 6Rule *-9
6 0otion to Re#ear a &ase already
de&ided y &ourt ut e'ore
.ud)ment t#ereon e&omes +nal
and e4e&utory*
+led wit#in t#e (eriod 'or ta1in) an
a((eal* to set aside t#e .ud)ment or
+nal order order and )rant a new trial
ased on t#e , )rounds materially
a,e&tin) sustantial ri)#ts o' a (arty!
-R;7 S5/
5" FA0E w#i&# ordinary (ruden&e
&ould not #ave )uarded a)ainst
and y reason o' w#i&# su&#
a))rieved (arty #as (roaly een
im(aired in #is ri)#t or
8" Newly dis&overed eviden&e w#i&#
#e &ould not* wit# reasonale
dili)en&e* #ave dis&overed and
(rodu&ed at t#e trial and w#i&# i'
(resented would (roaly alter t#e
result
;" Reo3enin4 o T$ial 6%ivil in
$elation to %$iminal 3$o%edu$e7
R''/ S)49
Reo(enin) o' t#e (ro&eedin)s to avoid
mis&arria)e o' .usti&e
Civil6 'or reasons o' EDUITL
For &riminal &ases6 'or reason o' admission
o' additional eviden&e
4( APPEAL 6Rules 4074*2 4+9
6 'rom t#e .ud)ment* order o' denial*
assi)nment o' errors
o FINAL ORDER6 de&ision or
t#e denial o' 0<R or 0NT
5C days6 ordinary a((eal
;9 days6 re&ord on a((eal -S(e& Pro*
0ulti(le A((eals6 E4(ro(riation* Partition/
Ne53es vs CA
Fres# Period to A((eal!
5C days 'rom denial o' 0<RI0NT
;9 days 'rom denial o' 0<RI0NT
MTC de%isions
RTC de%isions in e>e$%ise o o$i4inal
@u$isdi%tion
:C
0TC
RTC
CA
SC
SC
M4R
Rule
+)
Noti%e
<
Re%o$d
on
A33eal
under
R40
Petition
o$
Review
under
Rule 4)
6$om
RTC
de%isions
in
e>e$%ise
o
a33ellate
@u$isdi%ti
on9
M4R
Under
Rule ;7
M4R
Under
Rule C8
Petitio
n 4
$eview
on
%e$tio$
a$i
unde$
RTC
CA
SC
SC
M4R
Rule
+)
Noti%e
o$
Re%o$d
on
a33eal
under
Rule
4'
M4R
Under
Rule ;7
M4R
Under
Rule C8
Petitio
n 4
$eview
on
%e$tio$
a$i
unde$
Noti&eIRe&ord on A((eal
In &ase o' Re&ord on A((eal* a((ellantFs
%rie' <C days to +le re&ord on a((eal
Rule 40 Rule 4' Rule 4) Rule
4*
Rule 4+
0emorand
um o'
a((eal
A((ellan
tFs %rie'
Petition
'or
Review
Petition
For
Review
Petition 'or
Review on
Certiorari
Noti&e or
Re&ord on
a((eal
Noti&e
or
re&ord
on
a((eal
Petition
'or
Review
Petition
'or
Review
-A((eal
K/
Petition 'or
Review on
Certiorari
O' 0TC
de&isions
O' RTC
De&ision
s
ori)inal
.urisdi&ti
on
O' RTC
de&ision
s
a((ellat
e
.urisdi&ti
on
O'
Auasi
.udi&ial
odies
O' CA*
Sandi)ana
yan* CTA*
RTC
de&isions
Duestions
o' 'a&t law
or ot#
Duestio
ns o'
'a&t law
or ot#
Duestio
ns o'
'a&t law*
or ot#
Duestio
ns o'
'a&t law
or ot#
Duestions
o' law
To RTC To CA To CA To CA To SC
3eneral Rule!
Findin) o' 'a&t o' CA are +nal and
&on&lusive and &annot e reviewed on
a((eal to SC!
EQCEPTIONS!
5" G#en +ndin) is )rounded entirely
on s(e&ulations* surmise*
&on.e&ture
8" G#en in'eren&e is mani'estly
asurd* mista1en* or im(ossile
;" G#en .ud)ment is (remised on a
misre(resentation o' 'a&ts
<" G#en t#ere is 3AD in a((re&iation
o' 'a&ts
C" G#en +ndin)s o' 'a&t are
&onXi&tin)
?" G#en CA in ma1in) its +ndin)s
went eyond t#e issues o' t#e &ase
and t#e same is &ontrary to ot#
t#e admissions o' a((ellants and
a((ellees
7" G#en +ndin)s o' 'a&t o' CA are at
varian&e wit# t#ose o' t#e trial
&ourt* t#e SC #as to review t#e
eviden&e in order to arrive at t#e
&orre&t +ndin)s ased on re&ord
=" G#en +ndin)s o' 'a&t are
&on&lusions wit#out &itation o'
s(e&i+& eviden&e on w#i&# t#ey are
ased
:" G#en 'a&ts set 'ort# in t#e (etition
as well as in t#e (etitionerFs main
and re(ly rie's are not dis(uted y
res(ondents
59" w#en +ndin)s o' 'a&t o' t#e CA is
(remised on su((osed eviden&e
and is &ontradi&ted y eviden&e on
re&ord
55" w#en &ertain material 'a&ts and
&ir&umstan&es w#i&# #ave een
overloo1ed y t#e trial &ourt w#i&#*
i' ta1en into a&&ount* would alter
t#e result o' t#e &ase in t#at t#ey
would entitle a&&used to a&Auittal
REMEDIES A?TER :UD;MENT
DECOMES ?INAL AND EEECUTORC!
'( Petition o$ $elie $om
:ud4ment 6Rule *.9
S56 Petition 'or relie' 'rom .ud)ment*
orders* ot#er (ro&eedin)s
G#en a .ud)ment or +nal order is entered*
or any ot#er (ro&eedin) is t#erea'ter
ta1en a)ainst a (arty in any &ourt t#rou)#
FA0E* #e may +le a (etition in su&# &ourt
and in t#e same &ase (rayin) t#at t#e
.ud)ment* order* or (ro&eedin) e set
aside
:?
6 OT2ER PROCEEDIN3 INCLUDES!
o Order or writ o' e4e&ution
o Order dismissin) a((eal
S86 Petition 'or relie' 'rom denial o' a((eal
G#en .ud)ment or +nal order is rendered
y &ourt in any &ase* and a (arty t#ereto*
y FA0E* #as een (revented 'rom ta1in)
an a((eal* #e may +le a (etition in su&#
&ourt and in t#e same &ase and (rayin)
t#at t#e a((eal e )iven due &ourse"
Filed wit#in ?9 days 'rom 1nowled)e o'
.ud)ment and wit#in ? mont#s 'rom entry
o' .ud)ment
6 Relate to a((eal
o Failure to a((eal due to
FA0E
)( Petition o$ Annulment o
@ud4ment 6Rule 4-9
RTC e4&lusive ori)inal .urisdi&tion to CA
0TC e4&lusive ori)inal .urisdi&tion to RTC
3round! e4trinsi& 'raud
Annulment o' .ud)ment
6 Remedy in law inde(endent o' t#e
&ase w#ere t#e .ud)ment sou)#t to
e annulled was rendered and may
e availed o' t#ou)# t#e .ud)ment
#as een e4e&uted
Im(ortant &ondition!
6 Petitioner 'ailed to move 'or 0NT*
a((eal 'rom* +le (etition 'or relie'
a)ainst* or ta1e ot#er a((ro(riate
remedies assailin) Auestioned
.ud)ment or +nal order or
resolution t#rou)# no 'ault
attriutale to #im
S86 3rounds
5" E4trinsi& or &ollateral 'raud
8" La&1 o' .urisdi&tion over su.e&t
matter and over t#e (erson
*( Ce$tio$a$i unde$ Rule ,+
4( Collate$al Atta%8
EEECUTION O? :UD;MENT
6 Not#in) le't 'or t#e &ourt ut to
en'or&e its de&ision
E4e&ution
6 remedy a,orded y law 'or t#e
en'or&ement o' a .ud)ment
6 o.e&t is to otain satis'a&tion o'
t#e .ud)ment on w#i&# t#e writ is
issued
%L 0OTION6 C years
AFTER C years
Revival o' >ud)ment6 59 LEARS* y
0OTION
E4e&ution as a matter o' ri)#t -R;: S5/
E4e&ution s#all issue as a matter o' ri)#t*
on motion*
5" u(on .ud)ment or order t#at
dis(oses o' t#e a&tion or
(ro&eedin)
a" u(on e4(iration o' (eriod to
a((eal t#er'rom i' no a((eal
#as een duly (er'e&ted
NOTE! -rules on motion/
6 ministerial on t#e (art o' t#e &ourt
IF DENIED* mandamus or a((eal is t#e
(ro(er remedy
Nature o' writ o' e4e&ution!
:7
R;: S=
T#e writ o' e4e&ution is issued in t#e name
o' RP and s#all state!
e" Name o' &ourt w#i&#
)ranted t#e motion
'" Case numer
)" Dis(ositive (ortion o' t#e
.ud)ment or order su.e&t o'
t#e e4e&ution
#" S#all reAuire t#e s#eri, or
ot#er (ro(er oE&er to
w#om it is dire&ted to
en'or&e t#e writ a&&ordin)
to its terms
Rule! 0atter o' ri)#t on (art o' winnin)
(arty -e4e&ution/* and &ourt &annot re'use
E4&e(t!
5" G#en .ud)ment turns out to e
in&om(lete or &onditional
8" >ud)ment is novated y (arties
;" EAuitale )rounds li1e &#an)e in
situation o' t#e (arties w#i&#
ma1es e4e&ution ineAuitale
<" E4e&ution is en.oined
C" >ud)ment #as e&ome dormant
?" E4e&ution is un.ust or im(ossile
G#en (ro(er to Duas# Grit o' E4e&ution!
5" C#an)e in situation o' (arties
renders e4e&ution ineAuitale
8" Issued a)ainst t#e wron) (arty
;" Issued wit#out aut#ority
<" Im(rovidently issued
C" De'e&tive in sustan&e
?" >ud)ment is already satis+ed
7" Controversy was never sumitted
to t#e &ourt
Rule! Dis(ositive (ortion o' de&ision is t#e
(art t#at e&omes su.e&t o' e4e&ution
E4&e(t!
5" G#en t#ere is ami)uity in t#e
dis(ositive (ortion
8" G#ere e4tensive and e4(li&it
dis&ussion and settlement o' t#e
issue is 'ound in t#e ody o' t#e
de&ision
S86 Dis&retionary E4e&ution
Dis&retionary
E4e&ution
E4e&ution as a
matter o' ri)#t
0ay issue e'ore
la(se o' (eriod to
a((eal* and even
durin) a((eal
Period to a((eal #as
already la(sed* no
a((eal is (er'e&ted
Dis&retionary u(on
t#e &ourtJ t#ere is
inAuiry on w#et#er
t#ere is )ood
reason 'or
e4e&ution
0inisterial duty o'
t#e &ourt (rovided
t#ere are no
su(ervenin) events
S86 Dis&retionary e4e&ution
a" E4e&ution o' a .ud)ment or a +nal
order (endin) a((eal
On motion o' t#e (revailin) (arty wit#
noti&e to t#e adverse (arty +led in t#e trial
&ourt
6 w#ile it #as .urisdi&tion over t#e
&ase and
6 is in (ossession o' eit#er t#e
ori)inal re&ord or t#e re&ord on
a((eal* as t#e &ase may e*
o at t#e time o' t#e +lin) o'
su&# motion* said &ourt
may* in its dis&retion*
order e4e&ution o' a
.ud)ment or +nal
order even e'ore
t#e e4(iration o' t#e
(eriod to a((eal
A'ter t#e trial &ourt #as lost .urisdi&tion*
t#e motion 'or e4e&ution (endin) a((eal
may e +led in t#e a((ellate &ourt"
Dis&retionary e4e&ution may only issue
u(on )ood reasons to e stated in a
s(e&ial order a'ter due #earin)"
:=
" E4e&ution o' several* se(arate* or
(artial .ud)ments
A several* se(arate* or (artial .ud)ment
may e e4e&uted under t#e same terms
and &onditions as e4e&ution o' a .ud)ment
or +nal order (endin) a((eal"
3rounds!
5" Insolven&y o' .ud)ment detor
8" Gasta)e o' asset y .ud)ment
detor
Court may* in its dis&retion* order an
e4e&ution e'ore e4(iration o' t#e time
wit#in w#i&# to a((eal* (rovided*
5" T#ere is motion 'or e4e&ution +led
y winnin) (arty
8" T#ere is noti&e o' said motion to
t#e adverse (arty
;" T#ere are )ood reasons stated in a
s(e&ial order a'ter due #earin)
Su(ersedeas %ond
6 %ond +led y (etitioner and
a((roved y &ourt e'ore t#e
.ud)ment e&omes +nal and
e4e&utor and &onditioned u(on
(er'orman&e o' t#e .ud)ment
a((ealed 'rom* in &ase it e
aErmed w#olly or in (art
Remedy in &ase o' e4e&ution as matter o'
dis&retion*
6 CERTIORARI
o Interlo&utory* wit#out
(re.udi&e to t#e out&ome o'
a((eal
S<6 >ud)ments not stayed y a((eal
-E4&e(tion to )eneral rule/
In t#e 'ollowin) &ases!
5" In.un&tion
8" Re&eivers#i(
;" A&&ountin)
<" Su((ort
C" Ot#er .ud)ments de&lared to e
immediately e4e&utory unless
ot#erwise ordered y trial &ourt
S?6 E4e&ution y motion or inde(endent
a&tion
0odes o' en'or&ement!
5" %y motion wit#in C years 'rom date
o' entry
8" %y inde(endent a&tion 'or revival o'
.ud)ment a'ter C years 'rom entry
and e'ore it is arred y statute o'
limitations w#i&# is 59 years 'rom
entry under 55<<* NCC
Revival o' .ud)ment
S?
Revival o' .ud)ment
S;<
Inde(endent a&tion Carried out t#rou)#
+lin) o' a motion in
&ourt
Assumes t#ere is no
e4e&ution wit#in
+rst C years
Assumes t#at
.ud)ment is
e4e&uted wit#in +rst
C years
Party w#o +les t#e
a&tion is t#e
.ud)ment &reditor
#imsel'* or #is
assi)nee* or #is
su&&essor in
intereest
Party w#o +les su&#
motion is not t#e
ori)inal .ud)ment
&reditor ut #e is
t#e #i)#est idder
in t#e (uli& au&tion
Filed due to la(se o'
C year (eriod
Filed e&ause
movant is de(rived
o' (ro(erty
(ur&#ased
S? NIA to!
5" >ud)ments 'or su((ort
8" Contem(t orders in unaut#ori$ed
re6entry on land y e.e&ted
de'endant
;" Issuan&e o' writs o' (ossession and
<" S(e&ial (ro&eedin)s and land
re)istration &ases
S:6 Award o' .ud)ments o' money* #ow
en'or&ed
5" Immediate (ayment on demand
8" Satis'a&tion y levy
;" 3arnis#ment o' dets and &redits
::
Levy
6 A&t y w#i&# oE&er sets a(art or
a((ro(riates (art o' w#ole (ro(erty
o' .ud)ment detor 'or (ur(oses o'
e4e&ution sale
3arnis#ment
6 A&t o' a((ro(riation y t#e &ourt
w#en (ro(erty o' detor is in t#e
#ands o' a t#ird (erson
Atta&#ment 3arnis#ment
Re'ers to &or(orate
(ro(erty in
(ossession o'
.ud)ment detor
Re'ers to money*
sto&1s* &redits*
ot#er in&or(oreal
(ro(erty w#i&#
elon) to .ud)ment
detor ut is in t#e
(ossession or under
&ontrol o' a t#ird
(erson
S596 E4e&ution o' .ud)ments 'or s(e&i+&
a&t
5" Conveyan&e* delivery o' deeds*
ot#er s(e&i+& a&ts vestin) title
8" Sale o' real or (ersonal (ro(erty
;" Delivery or restitution o' real
(ro(erty
<" Removal o' im(rovements on
(ro(erty su.e&t o' e4e&ution
C" Delivery o' (ersonal (ro(erty
S5;6 Pro(erty E4em(t 'rom E4e&ution!
5" >ud)ment oli)orFs 'amily #ome as
(rovided y law* or t#e #omestead
in w#i&# #e resides* and t#e land
ne&essarily used in &onne&tion
t#erewit#
8" Ordinary tools and im(lements
(ersonally used y #im in #is trade*
em(loyment* or liveli#ood
;" ; #orses* ; &ows* ; &araaos* ot#er
easts o' urden su&# as .ud)ment
oli)or may sele&t ne&essarily used
y #im in #is ordinary o&&u(ation
<" Ne&essary &lot#in) and arti&les 'or
ordinary (ersonal use* in&ludin)
.ewelry
C" 2ouse#old 'urniture and utensils
ne&essary 'or #ouse1ee(in)* and
used 'or t#at (ur(ose y t#e
.ud)ment oli)or and #is 'amily*
su&# as t#e .ud)ment oli)or may
sele&t* o' a value not e4&eedin)
5991 (esos
?" Provisions 'or individual or 'amily
use suE&ient 'or < mont#s
7" Pro'essional liraries and
eAui(ment o' .ud)es* lawyers*
(#ysi&ians* (#arma&ists* dentists*
en)ineers* surveyors* &ler)ymen*
tea&#ers* ot#er (ro'essionals* not
e4&eedin) ;991 (esos in value
=" One +s#in) oat and a&&essories
not e4&eedin) total value o' 5991
(esos owned y a +s#erman and
y t#e law'ul use o' w#i&# #e earns
#is liveli#ood
:" So mu&# o' t#e salaries* wa)es* or
earnin)s o' t#e .ud)ment oli)or
'or #is (ersonal servi&es wit#in t#e
< mont#s (re&edin) t#e levy as are
ne&essary 'or su((ort o' #is 'amily
59" Lettered )ravestones
55" 0onies* ene+ts* (rivile)es*
annuities a&&ruin) or in any
manner )rowin) out o' any li'e
insuran&e
58" Ri)#t to re&eive le)al su((ort* or
money or (ro(erty otained as
su&# su((ort* or any (ension or
)ratuity 'rom )overnment
5;" Persons s(e&ially e4em(ted y law
%UT not arti&le or s(e&ies o' arti&les o'
(ro(erty mentioned in t#is se&tion s#all e
e4em(t 'rom e4e&ution issued u(on a
.ud)ment re&overed 'or its (ri&e or u(on a
.ud)ment o' 'ore&losure o' a mort)a)e
t#ereon"
S5?6 Pro&eedin)s w#ere (ro(erty &laimed
y t#ird (erson
Remedies o' ;
rd
(arty &laimant!
599
5" Summary #earin) e'ore &ourt o'
&om(etent .urisdi&tion
8" Ter&eria or t#ird (arty &laim +led
wit# s#eri,
;" A&tion 'or dama)es on t#e ond
(osted y .ud)ment &reditors
<" Inde(endent reivindi&atory a&tion
Ter&eria
6 A (erson &laimin) (ro(erty levied
u(on may e4e&ute aEdavit o' title
or ri)#t o' (ossession over t#e
(ro(erty
o Su&# aEdavit must state
t#e )rounds o' su&# ri)#t or
title
o T#e aEdavit s#all e served
u(on oE&er ma1in) a levy
and a &o(y t#ereo' must
also e served u(on t#e
.ud)ment oli)e
Note! Cumulative remedies
Ordinary sale on
e4e&ution
Sale in .udi&ial
'ore&losure o'
mort)a)e
Need not e
&on+rmed y &ourt
0ust e &on+rmed
y &ourt in order to
divest ri)#ts in t#e
(ro(erty o' t#e
(arties and to vest
t#e ri)#ts in t#e
(ur&#aser
Ri)#t o' redem(tion
e4ists
No ri)#t o'
redem(tion e4&e(t
w#en mort)a)ee is
a an1 or a an1in)
institution
Title is a&Auired
a'ter e4(iration o'
redem(tion (eriod
w#en +nal deed o'
&onveyan&e is
e4e&uted
Title is a&Auired
u(on &on+rmation
and re)istration o'
t#e 'ore&losure sale
S;96 Proo' reAuired o' redem(tion
Redem(tioner must (rodu&e to oE&er* or
(erson 'rom w#om #e see1s to redeem*
and serve wit# #is noti&e to t#e oE&er!
5" A &o(y o' t#e .ud)ment or +nal
order &erti+ed y t#e &ler1 o' &ourt
w#erein t#e .ud)ment or +nal order
is entered
8" I' #e redeems u(on a mort)a)e or
ot#er lien* a memorandum o' t#e
re&ord t#ereo'* &erti+ed y RD* or
;" An ori)inal or &erti+ed &o(y o' any
assi)nment ne&essary to estalis#
#is &laim* or
<" An aEdavit e4e&uted y #im or #is
a)ent s#owin) t#e amount t#en
a&tually due on t#e lien
S;86 Rents* Earnin)s* In&ome o' (ro(erty
(endin) redem(tion
Ri)#ts o' .ud)ment detor!
5" Remain in (ossession o' (ro(erty
8" Cannot e e.e&ted
;" Use t#e (ro(erty in t#e same
manner it was (reviously used
<" 0a1e ne&essary re(airs to uildin)s
t#ereon w#ile #e o&&u(ies t#e
(ro(erty
C" Use it in t#e ordinary &ourse o'
usiness
?" Colle&t rents* earnin)s* and in&ome
derived 'rom t#e (ro(erty until
e4(iration o' t#e (eriod o'
redem(tion
S;C6 Remedies o' .ud)ment &reditor in aid
o' e4e&ution
5" I' e4e&ution is returned unsatis+ed*
#e may &ause e4amination o'
.ud)ment detor as to #is (ro(erty
and in&ome
8" 2e may &ause e4amination o'
detor o' t#e .ud)ment detor as
to any det owed y #im or to any
(ro(erty o' t#e .ud)ment detor in
#is (ossession
;" I' a'ter e4amination* t#e &ourt +nds
(ro(erty o' t#e .ud)ment detor*
eit#er in #is own #ands or t#at o'
any (erson* t#e &ourt may order
t#e (ro(erty a((lied to t#e
satis'a&tion o' t#e .ud)ment
595
A (arty or ot#er (erson may e &om(elled*
y order or su(oena* to attend e'ore t#e
&ourt or &ommissioner to testi'y as
(rovided y S;? and S;7
<" I' &ourt +nds t#e earnin)s o' t#e
.ud)ment detor are more t#an
suE&ient 'or #is 'amilyFs needs* it
may order (ayment in instalments
C" Court may a((oint a re&eiver 'or
t#e (ro(erty o' t#e .ud)ment
detor not e4em(t 'rom e4e&ution
or 'orid a trans'er or dis(osition or
inter'eren&e wit# su&# (ro(erty
?" I' &ourt +nds t#at t#e .ud)ment
detor #as an as&ertainale
interest in real (ro(erty eit#er as
mort)a)or* mort)a)ee or
ot#erwise* and #is interest &an e
as&ertained wit#out &ontroversy*
t#e &ourt may order t#e sale o'
su&# interest
7" I' t#e (erson alle)ed to #ave t#e
(ro(erty o' t#e .ud)ment detor or
e indeted to #im* &laims an
adverse interest in t#e (ro(erty or
denies t#e det* t#e &ourt may
aut#ori$e .ud)ment &reditor to
institute an a&tion to re&over t#e
(ro(erty* 'orid is trans'er and may
(unis# disoedien&e 'or &ontem(t
S<76 E,e&t o' .ud)ment or +nal order
Res .udi&ata
6 %ar y 'ormer .ud)mentIdire&t
esto((el y .ud)ment
6 Esto((el y verdi&t* esto((el y
re&ord* &ollateral esto((el y
.ud)ment or (re&lusion o' issues or
rule o' auter a&&ion (endent*
&overs (ar &
Puli& Poli&y Prin&i(le
6 Inalteraility o' +nal and e4e&utory
.ud)ment
De&isions o' &ourt must e immutale at
some de+nite (eriod o' time
6 Issues a&tually and dire&tly
resolved in a 'ormer suit &annot
a)ain e raised in any 'uture &ase
etween t#e same (arties involvin)
a di,erent &ause o' a&tion
%ar y 'ormer
.ud)ment
Con&lusiveness o'
.ud)ment
Identity o' (arties*
su.e&t matter*
&auses o' a&tion
Identity o' (arties
and su.e&t matter
First .ud)ment
&onstitutes asolute
ar to all matters
dire&tly ad.ud)ed
and t#ose t#at
mi)#t #ave een
ad.ud)ed
First .ud)ment is
&on&lusive only as
to matters dire&tly
ad.ud)ed and
a&tually liti)ated in
t#e +rst a&tion"
Se&ond a&tion &an
e (rose&uted
2as t#e e,e&t o'
(re&lusion o' &laims
2as t#e e,e&t o'
(re&lusion only to
issues
Law o' t#e &ase
6 Re'ers to t#e le)al &on&lusions
announ&ed on a +rst a((eal*
w#et#er on t#e )eneral law or t#e
law as a((lied to t#e &on&rete
'a&ts* not only (res&rie t#e duty
and limit t#e (ower o' t#e trial
&ourt to &ondu&t oedien&e and
&on'ormity t#ereto* ut t#ey
e&ome and remain t#e law o' t#e
&ase in all ot#er ste(s* w#et#er in
t#e lower &ourt or in t#e a((ellate
&ourt on a suseAuent a((eal
S<=6 E,e&t o' 'orei)n .ud)ment or +nal
orders
Puli& (oli&y (rin&i(le
6 >ud)ment y a &ourt is en'or&eale
only wit#in its territorial .urisdi&tion
E,e&t o' 'orei)n .ud)ments
6 Provided t#at t#e triunal #as
.urisdi&tion
598
5" In &ase o' .ud)ment a)ainst a
s(e&i+& t#in)*
a" >ud)ment is &on&lusive u(on
title to t#e t#in)
8" In &ase o' .ud)ment a)ainst a
(erson*
a" >ud)ment is (resum(tive
eviden&e o' a ri)#t as
etween t#e (arties and
t#eir su&&essors in interest
y a suseAuent title
8 ways o' )ivin) e,e&t to a 'orei)n
.ud)ment!
5" Ordinary a&tion to en'or&e t#e
'orei)n .ud)ment may e +led in
&ourt or
8" It may e (leaded in an answer or
motion to dismiss
In ot# instan&es* .ud)ment may e
re(elled y eviden&e o'!
5" Gant o' .urisdi&tion
8" Gant o' noti&e
;" Collusion
<" Fraud
E,e&t o' 'orei)n .ud)ment!
R;: S=
T#e e,e&t o' a 'orei)n .ud)ment or +nal
order o' a triunal o' a 'orei)n &ountry*
#avin) .urisdi&tion to render .ud)ment or
+nal order is as 'ollows!
a" In &ase o' a .ud)ment or +nal order
u(on a s(e&i+& t#in)* t#e .ud)ment
or +nal order is &on&lusive u(on t#e
title to t#e t#in) and
" In &ase o' a .ud)ment or +nal order
a)ainst a (erson* t#e .ud)ment or
+nal order is (resum(tive eviden&e
o' a ri)#t as etween t#e (arties
and t#eir su&&essors in interest y
a suseAuent title
In eit#er &ase* a .ud)ment or +nal order
may e re(elled y eviden&e o'!
5" Gant o' .urisdi&tion
8" Gant o' noti&e to a (arty
;" Collusion
<" Fraud
C" Clear mista1e o' law or 'a&t
LAST NOTES ON CIVIL PROCEDURE
Note latest Rules on ADR -899:/ in relation
to Rule 5=
59;

Atty Tan

Cargado por

Información del documento

Descripción original:

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Atty Tan

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Remedial Law Review Notes under Atty Ferdinand Tan

CONSOLIDATED NOTES in CIVIL PROCEDURE

También podría gustarte