Bonding, moles, formula, integrated questions

1) Potassium permanganate is a fairly reactive substance, especially under acidic conditions. The
permanganate anion is responsible for its beautiful deep purple color.
i) The permanganate ion has the formula of MnO
4
-
.What is the molecular formula of potassium
permanganate?

ii) What is it molar mass?


iii) When potassium permanganate is treated with HCl, the permanganate ion falls apart as it gives
away all its oxygen atoms. The products are potassium chloride, manganese(II) chloride, chlorine gas
and water. Write a balanced equation for this reaction. Hint: start with balancing the water.



iv) 10 g of potassium permanganate is added to 200mL of 2 mol/dm
3
HCl. Which is the limiting
reagent?





v) Calculate the mass and volume of Cl
2
thats formed during the reaction.





2) Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO
4
, comes in two forms: hydrated (contains water) and anhydrous
(contains no water). The amount of water that hydrated salts contain is compound-dependent. This
amount can be determined experimentally.
The formula for hydrated copper(II) sulphate CuSO
4
xH
2
O, where x is a number that has to be
calculated
A student fills a pre-weighed test-tube with some hydrated copper sulphate, heats it strongly, reweighs
the solid every now and then, until the mass does not change anymore. She obtains the following
experimental data:
Mass of empty test-tube = 4.60 grams
Mass of test-tube + hydrated copper sulphate CuSO
4
xH
2
O = 8.10 grams
Mass of test-tube + anhydrous copper sulphate CuSO
4
= 6.84 grams
i) Calculate the mass of water that has been lost, and the mass of anhydrous CuSO
4
remaining.


ii) Calculate the moles of water that has been lost, and the moles of anhydrous CuSO
4
remaining.




iii) Hence suggest a value for x.


iv) Copper sulphate does not melt during this experiment. Explain why.


v) What is the reason behind "reweighs the solid every now and then, until the mass does not
change anymore"?

3) A student tries to prepare silver iodide by a precipitation reaction. He dissolves 14.0 grams of
magnesium iodide in water, and mixes this solution with 100 mL of 0.8 mol dm
-3
silver nitrate solution.
The other product is magnesium nitrate. The formula for silver ions is Ag
+
.
i) Write balanced full and ionic equations for this reaction, including state symbols.


ii) Calculate which is the limiting reagent.



iii) Determine the theoretical amount of silver iodide that can be formed.




iv) Suggest some practical procedures that can be carried out to obtain a pure, dry sample of silver
iodide from the precipitate in the solution.





v) The student obtained 18.3 grams of silver iodide. Calculate the percentage yield (3 s. f.) based
on this figure.



4. Melamine is a nitrogen-rich compound, used maliciously by milk powder manufacturer in China
in 2008 in order to mimic the nitrogen content of milk powder formulas.
i) The percentage composition of melamine is carbon = 28.57%, hydrogen = 4.76% and nitrogen =
66.67%. Calculate the empirical formula of melamine.(3)





ii) Deduce the molecular formula of melamine given that its molecular mass is 126 g / mol.(2)

iii) A milk power manufacturer has a batch of low-quality milk powder with a nitrogen content of 2%. In
order to pass laboratory tests, a milk powder sample needs to contain >10% nitrogen by mass. A
manufacturer now mixes 100 grams of low-quality milk powder with zero nitrogen content with 15
grams of melamine. Will the resulting mixture pass the test?(3)





iv) Melamine is manufactured industrially by thermally reacting urea with itself. Urea can be found in
urine. The equation is
6 urea 1 melamine + 6 NH
3
+ 3CO
2

Given that the typical concentration of urea in urine is 0.155 mol / dm
3
, calculate the volume of urine
required to produce 10 grams of melamine.(3)


v) Deduce the formula of urea from the equation above.(1)