Doing Grammar Third Edition

Max Morenberg
Edited by DJ Shin 2006.08.20.
Chapter 1 Identifying Verb Types
6 .
(grammar) !(units)"# $% &' ()*+.
6 (six core verbs)+,
Intransitive
Linking
Transitive
Vg
Vc
BE
+, - - ./0 1, 2, 3 45(sot) 6 (nucei) +7.
8 9: ;<= >5 ?@ A .B C.
>5 DE= F(Engish anguage) GH8 +: I 5J KL 6(sentences)+ (!ords), G
("hrases), M(causes)# $ 8 +: I+.

6(#ore sentences)= ?($anguage) NO P(the %uiding boc&s) C.
@Q 9R5 6 = F GH NO S 6 TU. , 6=
NE VW- .X8 YZ:J .
[@ \ GCVW(constituent)- .X(reationshi")@ + 0.
+, ] 1G(noun "hrases) ^(sub'ects)# N_: , DE(ob'ects)` Qa1
("redicate nouns), b DEc(ob'ect com"ements)# N_: 8 de.
8 : ;f= g Ne(criteria)@ .
h, \i j@ k# [lm GCVW 5J GCVW- .X
Intransitive 6 'n(o p q`, 3 [l8 p .
NP VI(Adverb)
(he mayor s!ke.
)ar*ied s"et.
%irds #"$.
(he !indo! br!ke.
(he baby "anda cried so*ty.
(oni +orrison %rites ex,usitey.
(he (itanic sank in -.-2.
#adiac/s seating system acts i&e a shoc& absorber.
(Adverbs)? (how)? (where)? (why)? (when)? (how often)?
(words) (phrases).
Linking r%( 1` 2 [li.
NP VL & NP' PredN (
Ad)'PredAd)
(he "resident "!!ked !eary.
(he asagna tasted scrum"tious.
#ar& 0ent bec!*es Su"erman.
!(Predicate nouns)? " #$ %& '% ()$ *+,-.
./(Predicate adjectives)? 0 1 23 45 6!78-.
Transitive st DE# N_: 1G [li.
NP VT NP' +,b)
(he secretary t$ed the etter.
1resident #inton s-!rted the heath care bi.
9: ;<(Direct object)? " =($> ?@ A B,-.
Transitive Au p 6("assive sentences)"# kvNw .
#oyotes destr!$ed the carcass.
(he carcass %as destr!$ed by coyotes.
Sateites *!nit!r the 2rabian "i"eine
(he 2rabian "i"eine is *!nit!red by sateites.
T%!.P"ace() Transitives st DE- i GCVW [li.
Vg st DE- xt DE [li.
i) yz { [@ gu 1G ( |+Q ) \ I
b 1G- }~G ( t! ` #!r - = }~@ ) \ I
NP Vg & NP' I,b) NP' +,b) (
NP' +!b) (t!/#!r) NP'I,b)
(he schoo board gave the teachers a raise.
%rad 1itt b!-g0t Jenni*er 2niston a diamond nec&ace.
C: ;<(Indirect Object)? D"(9: ;<" E !)F G-(receive).
H,, D"F '*,-(perceive)-IJ 'C %K DL%M NO.
Vg # 0 6= i # kvNw .
(he schoo board gave the teachers a raise
(he schoo board gave a raise t! the teachers.
%rad 1itt b!-g0t Jenni*er 2niston a diamond nec&ace.
%rad 1itt b!-g0t a diamond nec&ace #!r Jenni*er 2niston.
to` *or- = }~ ?` (receiver)@ I 1 .
+ }~(to` *or) 3g + 6@$ I= .
,
(homas Je**erson "e#t a marveous egacy #!r 2mericans.
(he truc& de"ivered the bric&s t! the buiding site. 6@Q
yz{ "e#t Vg+`, gz{ de"ivered Vt L S , I= *or 2mericans 2mericans
= a marveous egacy8 + S$ buiding site the bric&s8 + W8 &N
6+.
415/s (a""et %rothers gave a caustic revie! t! the 6ord Excursion.
415/s (a""et %rothers gave the 6ord Excursion a caustic revie!.
+ ( 6ord Excursion+ W @ +N 6@ gave Vg :L 0.

lQ, +- + 6@Q ] : 8 cJ z@ p I+
[@ \ I+ ?7 b GCVW- - .X 8 :L 9 :
L ( z &^ I+.
Vc st DE- DE c(ob'ect com"ement) [li.
ii) gz { [@ gu 1G
1G- 2G
b 1G 39G (in*initive "hrase) \ I
NP Vc NP' +,b) & NP' ,b)1!* (
Ad) P0' ,b)1!*
In# P0' ,b)1!*
5e"ubicans c!nsider Democrats big s"enders.
+r. 8ison t0inks Dennis a terror.
Some roc& *ans c!nsider %ob Dyan od9*ashioned.
(homas Je**erson c!nsidered the +issouri #om"romise to be the death o* the nation.
S"orts!riters nickna*ed Juius Erving Dr. J.
(he sexua revoution *akes some "eo"e uncom*ortabe.
:oung *ans dee* (u"ac a great "oet.
;<P(object cop!eent)? Q& RS EMT $ N(structure)&-.
U, Vc (" V 0WF XY RN$ Z[ ,-.
"\]^ _^ `I, abcd(bi# spenders)e >f-(consider)$e gX Ph&
bi# spenders" XY ijk l\]^ _^ >f-(conider)$e 0W" RSE* m n" Eop-.
H,, ;<P Linking ( -q rs ! ./t 23 V-.
U ;<P u0 9: ;<t (), v H % wY` 0 23 )x y-.
T%!."ace() transitive Transitive:.
lQ ( z N p("assive *orm)"# k p .
+ ^ 45# I= DE st DE ` >- xt DE ` > .
8 ,
S"orts!riters nickna*ed Juius Erving Dr. J.
Juius Erving %as nickna*ed Dr. J by s"orts!riters.(xtDE "# `x >)
5esearchers #ed the rats a caoric goo.
(he rats %ere #ed a caoric goo by the reseachers.(xtDE "# `x >)
5esearchers #ed the rats a caoric goo.
2 caoric goo %as #ed t! the rats by the researchers.(stDE "# `x >)
BE 2, 1, W 3 [li.
NP BE & NP' PredN (
Ad)' PredAd)
Adv' PredAdv
+ariyn +onroe %as insecure.
2*red ;itchcoc&/s 1sycho is the cassic horror *im.
+y mother %as in the next room.
(he "ost o**ice is do!n the road.
(Predicate adverb)? ! ./t & F Pz(subjective cop!eents)7 {| ,
-.
F@ Q U (3erbs)- 45(sots) 6 (4ucei) C:,
# 6= 6 C: 45(sot)$"# +-NNw :$(N6), 3` i GC
: $ pw (6).
$ee ;arvey <s!ad shot 1resident 0ennedy !n N!ve*ber 223 4567 #r!* a %ind!% !ver"!!king t0e +a""as
*!t!rcade r!-te.
8
h, 6 6@Q ?` = N_$ I= .
8 ,
(he "resident "!!ked !eary. (in&ing verb)
(he "resident "!!ked to!ard the re"orters. (intransitive verb)
(oni +orrison %rites ex,uisitey. (intransitive verb)
(oni +orrison %rites yrica noves. (transitive verb)
)+ *akes the dream yours. (3c verb)
)+ *akes cars and truc&s. (transitive verb)
lQ = [lm I@ 9SN 6@ = :w i ([lm VW
"# Q)@Q i "# kp B+.
= ./0 + E2S I= .
h NE"# <0 @ `` N_= $SN :$, V:L S I=
B+.
: F ( }+ J # +- &' ?# 8
_ <0 6 P@ w : I= E"# N 6+.
,` A3 F6 @ 6 "# : B 1:N k.
Emiio Esteve= rese*b"es +artin Sheen.
1ro*essiona !resters %eig0 a ton.
+ 6= transitive "` p"# k p .
(he "ainti** asked Judge Judy a ,uestion.
(he "ainti** asked a ,uestion !# Judge Judy.
+ 6@Q Vg [ xtDE }~ to>*or .
|6) 6 6 ?ntransitive, $in&ing, (ransitive, 3g, 3c, %e # `
c.
-) Seat bets save ives.
2) %un'i 'um"ing is a dangerous s"ort.
@) Disney 8ord o**ers visitors *amiy entertainment.
A) #ancer *rustrates microbioogists.
B) 5oosevet named Eisenho!er Su"reme 2ied #ommander.
6) #om"uter s"readsheets ma&e business anaysis easy.
C) (he "resident/s dog scam"ered across the 8hite ;ouse a!n.
8) :eo!stone is a nationa treasure.
.) Drug addiction shatters dreams.
-0) Dniversity o**icias sus"ended the *raternity.
--) (he city counci bought Satruns *or the "oice de"artment.
-2) 8omen/s coeges "re"are students to be inde"endent thin&ers.
-@) (he cocaine su""y seems imitess.
-A) (he audience remained absoutey sient.
-B) Dad signed my re"ort card.
-6) (he ?nternet ma&es everyone e,ua.
-C) (oxic !aste threatens our habitat.
-8) (he state o* 6orida executed (hedore %undy.
-.) Socia "robems ma&e a! en*orcement di**icut.
20) 4arcortics imitate the body/s natura re!ard system.
2-) 1sychoogist Staney #oren cas border coies the smartest dogs.
22) +utua *unds "rovide investros high yieds.
2@) (he *irst graders !a&ed around the *ire station.
2A) )od rested on the seventh day.
2B) Some rebeious teens become runa!ays.
26) 2cohoism remains a ma'or socia "robem.
2C) (he osing "itcher trudged to the oc&er room.
28) %eage "u""ies are ovabe.
2.) 5attesna&es scare most "eo"e.
@0) 2 gade is a *orest cearing.
@-) +any 2merican schoos are overcro!ded.
@2) 0ids en'oy the Sim"son/s humor.
@@) (he #ordiero Sarmiento +ountains are in #hie.
@A) 2 )erman submarine san& the $usitania.
@B) (he $usitania ies in 2.B *eet o* !ater.
@6) 8ar breeds technoogica innovations.
@C) 2 briiant moon "aints the icebergs a *uchsia "in&.
@8) $ibertarians o""ose big government.
@.) 2 stee band/s sound is hy"notic.
A0) 5ubinstein became a concert "ianist.