4

TRANSMISSION CALCULATION: LINK 1

(KIDAPAWAN NORTH COTABATO TO MT. TALOMO)

SITE INFORMATION

Geographical Location

Site A: Kidapawan, North Cotabato

Longitude: 125° 4’ 0” E
Latitude: 7° 1’0” N

Site B: Mt. Talomo

Longitude: 125° 17’ 50” E
Latitude: 7° 7’ 25” N

Bearing
Site A: 54 ° Southeast
Site B: 22 ° Southeast

Site Ground Elevation (Mean Sea Level)

Site A: 200m
Site B:1800m

Site Terrain Type

Site A: Urban
Site B: Woodland

Antenna Height
Site A: 20m
Site B: 20m

DESIGN PARAMETERS
Reliability Requirement: 99.9999%
Configuration: Non-protected (1+0)
Traffic Capacity: 4 x E1 main plus 4 x E1 spare (8 x E1)
Path Length: 28Km

5
CHANNEL PLANS

Frequency Band: 13 GHz

Frequency Range: 12.75 GHz- 13.25 GHz
Low Band Range: 12.75 GHz to 12.986GHz
High Band Range: 13.014 GHz to 13.25 GHz
Duplex Spacing: 500 MHz
Traffic Capacity: 4 x E1 main plus 4 x E1 spare (8 x E1)
Channel bandwidth for 8 x E1: 14 MHz

FREQUENCY PLAN

No. of Duplex Channel

* Divide the smaller bandwidth between the high band and low band with
the channel bandwidth.

No. of Duplex Channel = 13.014 GHz – 12.75 GHz

14 MHz
= 19 Channels

Transmit Frequency

* Select 7 channel spacing above the high band and low band edge.

14 MHz x 7 = 98 MHz

Low Band Frequency

12.75 GHz + 98 MHz = 12.848 GHz

High Band Frequency

13.014 GHz + 98 MHz = 13.112 GHz

EQUIPMENT INFORMATION

Transmitter Output Power

Site A: 25 dBm
Site B: 25 dBm

Receiver Input Threshold

Site A: -86.5 dBm
Site B: -86.5 dBm

6
Waveguide Length

Site A:
Rigid Waveguide Length = 17m + 8.5m + 1.2m
=26.7 m

Flexible Waveguide Length = 0.5m + 1.3m + 0.5m

= 2.3 m

Site B:
Rigid Waveguide Length = 17m + 8.5m + 1.2m
= 26.7 m

Flexible Waveguide Length = 0.5m + 1.3m + 0.5m

= 2.3 m

Waveguide Unit Attenuation

Note: Use WR 75

Site A:
Rigid: 0.049 dB/ft = 0.1607 dB/m
Flexible: 0.15dB/ft = 0.492 dB/m

Site B:
Rigid: 0.049 dB/ft = 0.1607 dB/m
Flexible: 0.15 dB/ft = 0.492 dB/m

Rigid Waveguide Loss (RWL)

RWL = (Rigid waveguide length) x (Waveguide unit attenuation)RIGID

Site A: RWL = (26.7m)(0.1607dB/m)

= 4.29069 dB

Site B: RWL = (26.7m)(0.1607dB/m)

= 4.29069 dB

Flexible Waveguide Loss (FWL)

FWL = (Flexible waveguide length) x (Waveguide unit attenuation) FLEXIBLE

Site A: RWL = (2.3m)(0.492dB/m)

= 1.1316 dB

7
 Site B: RWL = (2.3m)(0.492dB/m)
= 1.1316 dB

Total Waveguide Loss (TWL)

TWL = RWL + FWL

Site A: TWL = 4.29069 dB + 1.1316 dB

= 5.42229 dB

Site B: TWL = 4.29069 dB + 1.1316 dB

= 5.42229 dB

Connector Losses (CL)

CL = (Loss of connector) x (No. of connectors)

Site A: CL = (0.15dB/connector) x (7 connectors)

= 1.05 dB

Site B: CL = (0.15dB/connector) x (7 connectors)

= 1.05 dB

Antenna Misalignment Loss

Site A: 0.25dB
Site B: 0.25dB

Antenna Polarization
Vertical Polarization

PATH LOSSES

Free Space Loss (AFSL)

AFSL = 92.44 + 20 log f + 20 log D

Where f = frequency used in GHz

D = total path length or distance in kilometers (km)
AFSL = 92.44 + 20 log 13 + 20 log 28
AFSL = 143.6620277 dB

8
Oxygen Absorption Loss (Ao)

For frequencies below 57GHz:

 6.09 4.81 
A o = 7.9x10-3 + 2 +   1x10-3  f 2 D
 f - 57  +1.5 
2
 f + 0.227

Where f = frequency used in GHz

D = total path length or distance in kilometers (km)

 6.09 4.81 
A o = 7.9x10-3 + 2 +   1x10-3   132   28 
 13- 57  +1.5 
2
 13 + 0.227
A o = 0.219421637 dB

Water Vapor Loss A H 2O  

For frequencies below 350GHz

 3 9 4.3  -4 2
A H 2O = 0.067 + + +  10 f αD
 f - 22.3 + 7.3  f -183.3 + 6  f - 323.3 +10 
2 2 2


Where f = frequency used in GHz

α = water vapor density in gm/m3 = 12gm/m3
D = total distance or path length in kilometers (km)

 3 9 4.3  -4
A H2O = 0.067 + + +  (10 )(13) 2 (12)(28)
 13- 22.3 + 7.3  13-183.3 + 6  13-323.3 +10 
2 2 2


A H2O = 0.564099437dB

9
10
 SYSTEM GAIN CALCULATIONS

Fade Margin (Fm)

Fm = 30logD +10log  6Abf  -10log  1- R  - 70

Where f = frequency, GHz

R = reliability expressed as decimal (0.999999)
A = roughness factor
= 4 over water or a very smooth terrain
= 1 over an average terrain
= 0.25 over a rough, mountainous terrain
b = factor to convert a worst case month probability
= 1 to convert an annual availability to a worst month basis
= 0.5 for hot humid area
= 0.125 for very dry or mountainous area
= 0.25 for average land area

Fm = 30logD +10log  6Abf  -10log  1- R  - 70

Fm = 30log28 +10log  6   0.25   0.125   13  -10log  1- 0.999999  - 70
Fm = 37.28418718dB

Path Attenuation (Lp)

L p = 92.3 + 20logf + 20logD

L p = 92.3 + 20log13 + 20log28
L p = 143.5220277dB

Transmitted Power Output: 25dBm

Threshold Level: -86.5 dBm

Received Signal Level, RSL

RSL = Threshold Level + Fm
RSL = -86.5 + 37.28418718
RSL = -49.21581282dB

11
Total Fixed Losses
Total Fixed Losses =  waveguide loss + connector loss  SiteA +  waveguide loss + connector loss  SiteB
Total Fixed Losses =  5.42229 +1.05  +  5.42229 +1.05
Total Fixed Losses = 12.94458dB

Total Losses (TL)

Total losses = total fixed loss + path attenuation
Total losses = 12.94458 +143.5220277
Total losses = 156.4666077dB

Computing for the Antenna Diameter (d)

RSL = transmitter power output – connector losses(TX and RX) –

waveguide losses(TX and RX) + AGT – misalignment loss(TX and
RX) – AFSL – A0 – AH2O + AGR

-49.21581282 dB = 25dBm – (1.05dB + 1.05dB) – (5.42229dB + 5.42229 dB) +

AGT – (0.25dB + 0.25dB) - 143.6620277 dB -
0.219421637 dB - 0.564099437dB + AGR

AGT + AGR = -25dBm + (1.05dB + 1.05 dB)+ (5.42229 dB + 5.42229 dB) +

(0.25dB+0.25dB)+143.6620277dB+ 0.219421637 dB +
0.564099437dB - 49.21581282 dB

= 83.67431596 dB

Let AGT = AGR = 41.83715798 dB

At
log -1
3x108 10
d=
πf η
41.83715798
log -1
3x108 10
d=
π(13GHz) 0.55
d = 1.22m

12
 Computations using the Market Value of the Antenna Diameter

Using a parabolic antenna (based from the computed antenna diameter of 1.22m)
with a commercial diameter of 1.2m (4ft) readily available in the market, the reliability is
computed as follows:

Tower Height

HT = HA + 1/ 2 (d)

Where HT = Tower Height, meters

HA = Antenna Height, meters
D = Antenna Diameter, meters

Site A: HT = 20m + 1/ 2 (1.2m)

= 20.545m

Site B: HT = 20 + 1/ 2 (1.2m)
= 20.545m

System Gain

2
 πfd 
A t = 10logη  
 c 

Site A:
2
 πfd 
A t = 10logη  
 c 
 π  13x109   1.2  
2

A t = 10log0.55  
 3x108 
A t = 41.66669122dB

Site B:
 π  13x109   1.2  
2

A r = 10log0.64  
 3x108 
A r = 42.32486407 dB

13
 G s = Fm + TL - A t - A r
G s = 37.28418718 +156.4666077 - 41.66669122 - 42.32486407
G s = 109.7592396 dB

Antenna Diameter

Site A: Market Value: 1.2m (4’)

Site B: Market Value: 1.2m (4’)

Antenna Gain (AG)

2
 πfd 
A G = 10logη  
 c 

Where AG = antenna gain in dB

f = frequency in GHz
d = diameter of the antenna in meters
η = antenna efficiency
η = 0.55 for transmitter antenna
η = 0.64 for receiver antenna
c = speed of light = 3 x 108 m/s

Low Band Frequency

Site A:
2
 πfd 
A G = 10logη  
 c 
 π  12.848x109   1.2  
2

A G = 10log0.55  
 3x108 
A G  41.56453473dB

Site B:
2
 πfd 
A G = 10logη  
 c 
 π  12.848x109   1.2  
2

A G = 10log0.64  
 3x108 
A G  42.22270758dB
High Band Frequency

14
 Site A:
2
 πfd 
A G = 10logη  
 c 
 π  13.112x109   1.2  
2

A G = 10log0.55  
 3x108 
A G  41.74120299dB

Site B:
2
 πfd 
A G = 10logη  
 c 
 π  13.112x109   1.2  
2

A G = 10log0.64  
 3x108 
A G  42.39937583dB
Antenna Misalignment Loss

Site A: 0.25dB
Site B: 0.25dB

Antenna Polarization

Vertical Polarization

PATH LOSSES

Free Space Loss (AFSL)

AFSL = 92.44 + 20 log f + 20 log D

Where f = frequency used in GHz

D = total path length or distance in kilometers (km)

Low Band Frequency

AFSL = 92.44 + 20 log 12.848 + 20 log 28
AFSL = 143.5598712 dB

High Band Frequency

AFSL = 92.44 + 20 log 13.112 + 20 log 28
AFSL = 143.7365394 dB

15
Oxygen Absorption Loss (Ao)

For frequencies below 57GHz:

 6.09 4.81 
A o = 7.9x10-3 + 2 +   1x10-3  f 2 D
 f + 0.227  f - 57  +1.5 
2

Where f = frequency used in GHz

D = total path length or distance in kilometers (km)

Low Band Frequency

 6.09 4.81 
A o = 7.9x10-3 + +   1x10-3   12.8482   28 
 12.848 + 0.227  12.848 - 57  +1.5 
2 2

A o = 0.218195213 dB

High Band Frequency

 6.09 4.81 
A o = 7.9x10-3 + +   1x10-3   13.1122   28 
 13.112 - 57  +1.5 
2 2
 13.112 + 0.227
A o = 0.22033675 dB


Water Vapor Loss A H 2O 
For frequencies below 350GHz

 3 9 4.3  -4 2
A H 2O = 0.067 + + +  10 f αD
 f - 22.3 + 7.3  f -183.3 + 6  f - 323.3 +10 
2 2 2


Where f = frequency used in GHz

α = water vapor density in gm/m3 = 12gm/m3
D = total distance or path length in kilometers (km)

Low Band Frequency

16
  3 9 4.3  -4
A H2O = 0.067 + + +  (10 )(13.112) 2 (12)(28)
 13.112- 22.3 + 7.3  13.112-183.3 + 6  13.112-323.3 +10 
2 2 2

AH2O=0.545749352dB

High Band Frequency

 3 9 4.3  -4
A H2O = 0.067 + + +  (10 )(13.112) 2 (12)(28)
 13.112 - 22.3 + 7.3  13.112 -183.3 + 6  13.112 - 323.3 +10 
2 2 2

AH2O = 0.578035188 dB

Total System Loss (TSLoss)

TSLoss = RWL (Tx and Rx) + FWL (Tx and Rx) + Total Connector Loss
(Tx and Rx) + AFSL + AH2o + AO + AMLoss (TX and RX)

Low Band Frequency

TSLoss = (4.29069 dB+4.29069dB) + (1.1316 dB+1.1316 dB) +
(1.05dB+1.05 dB) + 143.5598712 dB+ 0.545749352dB +
0.218195213 dB + (0.25dB+0.25dB)
TSLoss = 157.7683958 dB

High Band Frequency

TSLoss = (4.29069 dB+4.29069 dB) + (1.1316 dB+1.1316 dB) +

(1.05dB+1.05dB) + 143.7365394 dB +0.578035188 dB
+0.22033675 dB + (0.25dB+0.25dB)
TSLoss =157.9794913 dB

Total System Gain (TGS)

TGS = Tx Output Power (TxOP) + Antenna Gain (Tx and Rx)

Low Band Frequency

TGS = 25dB + ( 41.56453473 dB+ 42.22270758 dB)

TGS = 108.7872423 dB

High Band Frequency

TGS = 25dB + ( 41.74120299 dB+ 42.39937583 dB)
TGS = 109.1405788 dB

17
Received Signal Level (RSL)

RSL = Total System Gain (TSG) – Total System Loss (TSLoss)

Low Band Frequency

RSL = 108.7872423 dB - 157.7683958 dB

RSL = - 48.9811535 dB

High Band Frequency

RSL = 109.1405788 dB - 157.9794913 dB

RSL = - 48.838925 dB

Received Signal Level (RSL)

Low Band Frequency

Parameter Function Value Unit

Site A: Transmitter
Transmitter Power Output Given 25 dBm
Connector Losses Subtracted 1.05 dB
Waveguide Losses Subtracted 5.42229 dB
Antenna Gain Added 41.56453473 dB
Antenna Misalignment Loss Subtracted 0.25 dB
Environmental Losses
Free Space Loss Subtracted 143.5598712 dB
Oxygen Absorption Subtracted 0.218195213 dB
Water Vapor Absorption Subtracted 0.545749352 dB
Site B: Receiver
Antenna Misalignment Loss Subtracted 0.25 dB
Antenna Gain Added 42.22270758 dB
Waveguide Losses Subtracted 5.42229 dB
Connector Losses Subtracted 1.05 dB
Received Signal Level (RSL) Computed -48.98115346 dB

High Band Frequency

18
 Parameter Function Value Unit
Site A: Transmitter
Transmitter Power Output Given 25 dBm
Connector Losses Subtracted 1.05 dB
Waveguide Losses Subtracted 5.42229 dB
Antenna Gain Added 41.74120299 dB
Antenna Misalignment Loss Subtracted 0.25 dB
Environmental Losses
Free Space Loss Subtracted 143.7365394 dB
Oxygen Absorption Subtracted 0.22033675 dB
Water Vapor Absorption Subtracted 0.578035188 dB
Site B: Receiver
Antenna Misalignment Loss Subtracted 0.25 dB
Antenna Gain Added 42.39937583 dB
Waveguide Losses Subtracted 5.42229 dB
Connector Losses Subtracted 1.05 dB
Received Signal Level (RSL) Computed -48.83891252 dB

PATH CACULATIONS/LINK BUDGET

Low Band Frequency

Transmitter Power Output (TPO)=25 dBm

Transmitter Losses (TL) = waveguide losses + connector losses+
antenna misalignment loss
Antenna Gain at the transmitter side (At)
Path Losses (PL) = free space loss + oxygen absorption + water vapor absorption
Antenna Gain at the receiver side (AR)
Receiver Losses (RL) = antenna misalignment + waveguide losses + connector
losses

RSL=TPO-TL+AT – PL+ AR - RL
Actual Transmitter Power Output = TPO-TL
= 18.52771 dB
Actual Antenna Transmitted Power = TPO-TL+AT
= 59.84224473 dB
Actual Received Power = TPO-TL+ AT – PT
= - 84.48157104 dB
Actual Antenna Received Power= TPO-TL+ AT - PT+AR
= - 42.50886346 dB
Received Signal Level (RSL)= TPO-TL+ AT - PT+AR - RL
` = - 48.98115346 dB
High Band Frequency

19
 Transmitter Power Output (TPO)= 25 dBm
Transmitter Losses (TL) = waveguide losses + connector losses+
antenna misalignment loss
Antenna Gain at the transmitter side (At)
Path Losses (PL) = free space loss + oxygen absorption + water vapor absorption
Antenna Gain at the receiver side (AR)
Receiver Losses (RL) = antenna misalignment + waveguide losses + connector
losses

RSL=TPO-TL+AT – PL+ AR - RL

Actual Transmitter Power Output= TPO-TL

=18.52771 dB
Actual Antenna Transmitted Power = TPO-TL+AT
= 60.01891299 dB
Actual Received Power = TPO-TL+ AT – PT
= - 84.51599835 dB
Actual Antenna Received Power= TPO-TL+ AT - PT+AR
= - 42.36662252 dB
Received Signal Level (RSL)= TPO-TL+ AT - PT+AR - RL
= -48.83891252 dB

20
21
FADE MARGINS

22
Thermal Fade Margin (FMTHERMAL)

Low Band Frequency

FMTHERMAL = RSL- Receiver Input Threshold
= -48.98115346– (-86.5dB)
= 37.51884654 dB

High Band Frequency

FMTHERMAL = RSL- Receiver Input Threshold
= -48.83891252– (-86.5dB)
= 37.66108748 dB

Dispersive Fade Margin (FMDISP)

Since the dispersive fade margin is not given in the product specification,
it is assumed that the 4xE1 to 8xE1 = 70 to 80 dB dispersive fade margin and has
a dispersive factor of 3 for average propagation conditions.

FM DISP = 70dB

Diffractive Fade Margin (FMDIFF)

Since diffraction loss and clutter loss = 0, then

FMDIFF = FMTHERMAL

Low Band Frequency

FMDIFF = 37.51884654 dB

High Band Frequency

FMDIFF =37.66108748 dB

Flat Fade Margin (FMFLAT)

 -FMTHERMAL -FM DIFF


FM FLAT = -10log 10 10 +10 10 
 

23
 Low Band Frequency
 -37.51884654 -37.51884654

FM FLAT = -10log 10 10
+10 10

 
FM FLAT = 34.50854658 dB

High Band Frequency

 -37.66108748 -37.66108748

FM FLAT = -10log 10 10
+10 10 
 
FM FLAT = 34.65078752dB

Effective Fade Margin (FMEFF)

 -FM10FLAT -FM DISP


FM EFF = -10log 10 +10 10 
 

RD is the fade occurrence factor and considering a dispersive fade margin

of 70dB with an average fade factor occurrence of RD = 3.

Low Band Frequency

 -34.50854658 -70

FM EFF = -10log 10 10
+10 10 
 
FM EFF = 34.50732033 dB

High Band Frequency

 -34.65078752 -70

FM EFF = -10log  10 10
+10 10 
 
FM EFF = 34.64952045 dB

RAIN LOSSES

24
CCIR Recommendation 530 Rain Attenuation (ARAIN)

Interpolation Formula:
M x = ( log f1 - log fx) / (log f1 - log f2 )
k x = antilog [ log k1 - Mx ( log k1 - log k2) ]
 x =  1 - Mx ( 1 - 2)
D = 35e0.015R0.001%
o

D = D/[1 + (D/ Do)]

E

γ = kx  (R0.001%)e x
ARain = γDE

Where Do = effective rain path length (km)

D = path length, km = 28km
R0.001% = 180 @ N (Philippine Region)

Low Band Frequency

Interpolation Factors
f1 12 GHz
f2 15Ghz
fx 12.848 GHz
k1 0.0168
k2 0.0335
R1 180 @ N
α1 1.217
α2 1.154

Mx = ( log 12 - log 12.848) / (log 12 - log15 )

Mx = 0.30599812

k x = antilog [ log 0.0168 - 0.3059981(log 0.0168 - log 0.0335)]

k x = 0.020750462

 x = 1.217- 0.30599812 (1.217- 1.154)

 x =1.197722118

25
 Do = 35 e -0.015R0.001%
Do = 35e-0.015(180)
Do = 2.352192946

D E = D/[1 + (D/Do)]
D E = 28/[1+ (28/2.352192946) ]
D E = 2.169905898

 =kx(R0.001%) x
 =0.020750462 (180) 1.197722118
 = 10.43197121

A RAIN =  D E
A RAIN = 10.43197121(2.169905898)
A RAIN = 22.63639585

High Band Frequency

Interpolation Factors
f1 12 GHz
f2 15Ghz
fx 13.112 GHz
k1 0.0168
k2 0.0335
R1 180 @ N
α1 1.217
α2 1.154

Mx = ( log 12 - log 13.112) / (log 12 - log15 )

Mx = 0.397148791

k x = antilog [ log 0.0168 - 0.397148791 (log 0.0168 - log 0.0335)]

k x = 0.022097792

 x = 1.217- 0.397148791 (1.217- 1.154)

 x =1.191979626

26
 Do = 35 e -0.015R0.001%
Do = 35 e-0.015(180)
Do = 2.352192946

DE = D/[1 + (D/Do)]

Where Do = effective rain path length (km)

D = path length, km = 28km
R0.001% = 180 @ N (Philippine Region)

D E = 28/[1+ (28/ 2.352192946)]

D E = 2.169905898

 =k x (R0.001%) x
 = 0.022097792 (180) 1.191979626
 = 10.77923049

A RAIN =  D E
A RAIN = 10.77923049 (2.169905898)
A RAIN = 23.38991582

Rain Fade Margin (FMRAIN)

FM RAIN = FM THERMAL - A RAIN

Low Band Frequency

FM RAIN = FM THERMAL - A RAIN
FM RAIN = 37.51884654 - 22.63639585
FM RAIN = 14.88245069 dB

High Band Frequency

FM RAIN = FM THERMAL - A RAIN
FM RAIN = 37.66108748 - 23.38991582
FM RAIN = 14.27117166 dB

27
 RELIABILTY CALCULATIONS

Unfaded Reliability (R)

R =  1- U  100%
 K - Q   b
-FM EFF

 f   d 
c
U =  1.3   10 10

 S  

Where: K-Q = regional K-Q value = 1 x 10-9

S = standard deviation of the terrain
S = 469.07
f = frequency, GHz
d = path length, km = 28km
b, c = regional climatic factor (b=1.2; c=3.5)
FMEFF = effective fade margin

Low Band Frequency

Using; f = f LB = 12.848 GHz
FM EFF LOW BAND FREQUENCY = 34.50732033 dB

 1x10-9   -34.50732033 
  12.848   28 
1.2 3.5
U LBF =  1.3  
10 10
 469.07   
U LBF = 2.96698093x10-10
R LBF = 1-  2.96698093x10-10   100%
R LBF = 99.99999997%

High Band Frequency

Using; f = f HB = 13.112GHz
FM EFF HIGH BAND FREQUENCY = 34.64952045 dB

 1x10-9   -34.64952045 
  13.112   28 
1.2 3.5
U HBF =  1.3  
10 10
 469.07   
U HBF = 2.942353429x10-10
R HBF = 1-  2.942353429x10-10   100%
R HBF = 99.99999997%

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Rain Reliability (RRAIN)

R =  1- U  100%

 K - Q   b
-FM RAIN2

  f   d 
c
U =  1.3   10 10
 S   
FM RAIN 2 = FM EFF - A RAIN

Where K-Q = regional K-Q value = 1 x 10-9

S = standard deviation of the terrain
S = 469.07
f = frequency, GHz
d = path length, km = 28km
b, c = regional climatic factor (b=1.2; c=3.5)
FMEFF = effective fade margin

Low Band Frequency

Using; f = f LB = 12.848 GHz

FM EFF LOW BAND FREQUENCY = 34.50732033 dB
FM RAIN2 = FM EFF - A RAIN
FM RAIN2 = 34.50732033 - 22.63639585
FM RAIN2 = 11.87092448 dB
 1x10-9   -11.87092448 
  12.848   28 
1.2 3.5
U LBF =  1.3  
10 10
 469.07   
U LBF = 5.444454089x10-08
R LBF = 1-  5.444454089x10-08   100%
R LBF = 99.99999456%

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 High Band Frequency

Using; f = f HB = 13.112GHz
FM EFF HIGH BAND FREQUENCY = 34.64952045 dB
FM RAIN2 = FM EFF - A RAIN
FM RAIN2 = 34.64952045 - 23.38991582
FM RAIN2 = 11.25960463 dB
 1x10-9   -11.25960463 
  13.112   28 
1.2 3.5
U HBF = 1.3   10 10

 469.07   
U HBF = 6.422238356x10-08
R HBF = 1-  6.422238356x10-08   100%
R HBF = 99.99999358%

LINK 1 RELIABILITY

R = 99.99999358%

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