-1-

............................................................................................................................................ 3
.................................................................................................................................. 5
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................................................................................................................................ 21
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............................................................................................................ 69
........................................................................................................................ 75

-2-

Warrant

Micro evolution
Macro evolution





1995

7 19

1999








-3-

1998

-4-

1981 Louisiana
evolution-science
creation-science
,


fact of evolution



creation


fully naturalistic
evolution


sudden creation

fundamentalists extremely literal interpretation

was created




young earth

(Creationism)
,



Darwinism
natural
selection


1920 Monkey
-5-

trial Scopes Case

Inherit the Wind



Tennessee

Dayton




William Jennings Bryan Woodrow Wilson

Clarence
Darrow
agnostic



100 100

technicality

H C. Mencken

1920 ,
(Henry Fairfield Osbom)
(Piltdown Man)
(Harold Cooke)

(Nebraska Man
Hesperopithecus
haroldcookii
peccary

1920
1968

Creation research institutes

-6-

,

constitutional law






stork

assumptions

1987
William Brennan

Antonin Scalia

National Academy of
Sciences friend of the court

-7-

Richard Dawkins
1966

The Blind Watchmaker

1981 Colin Patterson

-8-

Pseudo-knowledge

Irving Kristol

hypothesis

species

Stephen Jay Gould
1980
Neo-Darwinian synthesis 1960



-9-

conglomerate
idea

fish story

mechanism

rules of
scientific inquiry

- 10 -

Science and
Creationism


layman
Thomas H
huxley
Theodosius
Dobzhansky George Gaylord Simpson Julian
Huxley
Douglas Futuyma

Nature Science

New Scientist Scientific American

essential
evidence


rules of reasoning

bias






precommitment Biblical fundamentalism

fundamentalism
natural process



(non-science) nonsense
doctrine

- 11 -

Charles Lyell
Fitzroy Galapagos
Islands The Originof Species
Russ Wallace









descent with modification



survival of the fittest

1859





Stephen Jay Gould




population

- 12 -

Variation

mutation

point mutation
chromosomal doubling
gene duplication and
recombination

random








organs
adaptive behavior

Douglas Futuyma

wild ancestors

purposeless
intelligent design

wild type





- 13 -

Pierre Grasse

genome











Darwin's Finches


Drosophila melanogaster
genotype

gene pool

spciation

- 14 -

tautology



Norman Macbeth

J.B.S. Haldane 1935

Ernst Mayr 1963 :

George Gaylord Simpson 1964

Madeira









Karl Popper


Fisher


C. H.
Waddington

- 15 -

()


1959





population genetics

assumptions

critics

creationists

replicating macromolecule

Colin Patterson

1.

reproduce

2.

hereditary variation);

3.
4.

theorem



- 16 -

stasis living fossils

A.G. Cairns-Smith syllogistic

If

1

2 1898
136 Pumpus

3.1977


- 17 -

1987 Nature, vol.

327, p51) Gibbs & Grant
1982~1983
1977~1982



4 sickle cell anemia
allele



5

6 Kettlewell
industrial melanism
metanic moth









1


2

Julian Huxley
- 18 -

evolution in action

panchronic species

National Academy of Sciences

naturalistic explanations
supernatural means

consciousness






Thomas H Huxley














- 19 -

(developmentalconstrains)




group selection

kinship selection
altrusium

pleiotropy

chance


mechanism
sexual selection


The Descent of Man

- 20 -

paradox

Instantaneous creation

plausible mechanism
vital forces

saltations
systemic macromutations

parts

special creation

Charles Lyell

uniformitarian


materialism

- 21 -

Thomas H Huxley dogmatic

natura non facit saltum

transitional forms

infinitesimally small




Stephen Jay Gould

Richard Dawkins

conundrum


nautilus pinhole
lens



Ernst Mayr
- 22 -

convergently

imperfections
wired backwards

Denton
Evolution
A Theory in
Crisis

J.R.Kipling 1865-1963


Richard
Goldschmidt

hemoglobin Pierre
Grasse



- 23 -

hopeful monster

George Orwell 1984
Emmanuel Goldstein

fallacy

premise

1967 Wistar Institute

D
S
Ulam
Sir Peter Medawar
C H Waddington
Ernst
Mayr




Schutzenberger

- 24 -

1980
The Return of Hopeful
Monster

Paleobiology


effective death of neo-Darwinian synthesis

Otto Schindewolf

polyploidy
.

- 25 -

sonar echo location

- 26 -

internal factors

vitalism

gradualism

19
(catastrophism)
()

( )
(intermediate types)

- 27 -

()

()

- 28 -

(inconceivable) 1859

()
() (ammonites)

(
)

(Archaeopteryx)

- 29 -

1980

(macroevolution)
(microevolution)

70

(punctuated equilibrium)( punk eek )

1859

1.


2.

(Bighorn Basin) 500

100

1000 ()

(chronospecies)

?

100
- 30 -

() 1000
10 15


10 15
(Genus)

(regulatory genes)


(speciation)


10

(gene flow)

(
)

(mosaic evolution) (stabilizing selection)
()

- 31 -

(a priori)








(class)











(Cambrian
explosion) 6 (Phylum)

40
(prokaryotes)
(eukaryote cells)

Ediacarans


Ediacarans
fauna



- 32 -

(Wonderful Life)


(artifact theory)
100
( )
(fast transition theory)(


)
15-20



()

25-50


(cone of increasing diversity)

2.45
(Permian extinction) (Family)
- 33 -

90% K-T 6500

K-T

()








()

:



metaphorically

60

- 34 -

Non-evidence

- 35 -

1977

descent
with modification

- 36 -

essence
type

St. Bernards

Essentialism
Platonic Philosophy

Archetype

Homologies
analogies
;

- 37 -

ubiquity

- 38 -

Thomas H. Huxley

basic kinds)

Isaac Asimov 884 New Guide to Science




Mark Ridley

uniformitarianism
- 39 -

salamander)

- 40 -

succession


Paleozoic Age (Secondary Age)
TertiaryAge)

mammal-like reptile


hominids)
ape-men)

- 41 -

rhipidistians

Vertebrate History

1938 colelacanth 7000

Seymouria

Therapsida
Order

- 42 -

- 43 -

Archaeopteryx 1.45

Compsognathus


Hoatzin

Platypus

2.25 Protoavis 1.45

1.25 1.35

1990

1981
1987

Australopithecus afarensis
Australopithecus
africanus Homo habilis Homo Erectus Homo
Sapiens
- 44 -

Australopithecines

Homo


Neanderthal man
Cro-Magnon man
Hominid

Piltdown Man

40


1984

- 45 -

per human

mitochondrial Eve
20

20

- 46 -

130

Basilosaurus

- 47 -

1859

phenotype


- 48 -

1963

20


100 80 20
20%

Blueprints Solving the Mystery of Evolution

99%

99%

- 49 -

C
C
C
64% 69%
64% 66%
C
C

eukaryotes prokaryotes

eubacteria archaebacteria

- 50 -

molecular clock



Motoo Kimura





DNA

heteozygosity

- 51 -

1500
500 1000
700

20

- 52 -

- 53 -

1871

1986

25

rodent




50





20

- 54 -

100 1959


80

747




40

- 55 -

100

DNA RNA

catalyst





1989
G F RNA

- 56 -

Seven Clues to the Origin
of Life

1988

1989

1990



entropy

- 57 -

archaebacteria eubacteria

1859

transcribe translate



- 58 -

exorcism

1981

1
2
3
4
5 falsifiable



- 59 -

Special Creation

[]




- 60 -

First Cause

1859
- 61 -

[]
cosmic code
Demiurge
Gnosticism

Demiurge

- 62 -

paradigm


normal science

[]
anomalies

- 63 -

falsifiability



world view

negative argumentation

- 64 -

1984

1981

- 65 -

1984

- 66 -

compatibilism
theistic evolution

1984

48

Macro-evolution

The Science Teacher

Biblical
literalist





- 67 -

evolutionary humanism



1933


1973 40

2000

Mankind Evolving

The Point Omega

Superconscious

- 68 -

1988
Homo Sapiens

1933

1981

- 69 -

cladism

cladograms

Homo erectus

1981

- 70 -

22

- 71 -

1987

20

- 72 -

70

1989 Policy Statement
on the Teaching of Science

Science Framework

- 73 -

- 74 -

Karl Popper

Freud Adler

General Theory of
Relativity



- 75 -

Francis Bacon

David Hume

logical positivism

- 76 -

Neo-Darwinian synthesis
1959

- 77 -

- 78 -

therapsids

- 79 -