Incident Investigation

1.
Which of the following are possible consequences of accidents, incidents and near-
misses? (Select all applicable answers
- Loss of reputation;
- Costs in putting things right;
- Low morale and poor attitude amongst the work force;
- Personal injury;
- Less chance of repeat business;
- Material damage;
- Lost time;
- Adverse publicity;
- nhanced reputation;
- Positive impact through publicity;
!.
If accidents are investigation and the information obtained is constructivel" fed bac#
in to the s"stem, which of the following might reasonabl" be anticipated?
- A reduction! or even elimination of such accidents in the future;
$. What #ind of culture t"picall" e%ists where people loo# no further than &human error'?
- A blame culture;
(.
What principal factor ma" indicate that safet" studies such as those discussed in this
chapter are not necessaril" representative of true life?
- "hey are based only on those accidents and incidents which are reported;
).
*he stud" conducted b" the +orth of ,ngland -.I /lub used the e%ample of a man
and a ladder alongside the accident p"ramid to further illustrate their conclusions.
What relationship did this further suggest?
- "hat the severity of accidents depends on the degree of ha#ard;
0.
In the ma1or stud" carried out b" 2ird and 3ermaine, how man" reported incidents
with no visible in1ur" or damage were found to occur for ever" accident involving
serious or ma1or in1ur"?
- $%%;
4.
What connection is there between the sin#ing of the s.s.'*itanic' in 151! and a
method commonl" used to illustrate the relationship between reported and unreported
accidents and incidents?
- "he &"itanic' was sunk when the struck an iceberg and an iceberg is commonly used to
illustrate how the large numbers of unreported incidents go &unseen'(
6.
What broad rule is often referred to b" safet" investigators when e%plaining the
selective investigation of reported incidents?
- "he )% * +% rule;
5.
Which safet" initiative, launched b" the 7il /ompanies International 8arine 9orum in
155$, ta#es the form of a ris#-assessment tool for chatterers, ship operators, terminal
operators and government bodies and was intended to address concerns over sub-
standard shipping?
- "he ,-. Programmer;
1:.
Which guidelines, produced b" the 7il /ompanies International marine 9orum in 1554,
are intended to promote, among tan#er operators, an increased understanding and
awareness of personnel safet" through the efficient and accurate reporting and
recording of accidents?
- "he Marine -njury .eporting /uidelines;
11.
Which piece of international legislation directl" resulted from the sin#ing of the
&;erald of 9ree ,nterprise'?
- "he -nternational ,afety Management 0-,M1 Code;
1!.
Within the conte%t of this training module, which of the following is the definition of an
&accident'?
- An unforeseen event that has resulted in unintended harm or damage(
1$.
Within the conte%t of this training module, which of the following is the definition of an
&incident'?
- An uncontrolled development in the course of an operation which has resulted in
unintended harm or damage! or the potential for legal action! o is not consistent with
acceptable standards;
1(.
Within the conte%t of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a
&nonconformit"'?
- A nonconformity! or non-conformance! e2ists if personnel are found not to be operating in
compliance with the ,afety Management ,ystem;
1).
Which of the following is the best definition of &evidence', as described in this
program?
- ,omething that demonstrates 3uit;
- -nformation collected for an investigation report;
- "he verbal statements of witnesses interviewed during an investigation;
- ,omething that demonstrates proof;
10.
Within the conte%t of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a
&ha<ard'?
- A source of potential harm or damage or a situation with potential for harm or damage;
14.
Within the conte%t of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a
&ris#'?
- "he likelihood that a ha#ard may occur and the conse3uences of the ha#ardous event;
16.
Within the conte%t of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a
&critical event'?
- An operation where! if the procedures go wrong! there will be injury to the people involved
and * or damage to the ship! cargo or environment;
15.
Within the conte%t of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a
&ha<ardous situation'?
- An operation! or phase in an operation in which personnel! the ship! its e3uipment or cargo!
or the environment! are assessed as being e2posed to risk;
!:.
Within the conte%t of this training module, which of the following is the definition of a
&near-miss'?
- An unintended or unwanted event! or uncontrolled development in the course of an
operation! that almost resulted in unintended harm or damage or potential for legal action! or
is not consistent with acceptable standards(
!1.
Which incident is credited with first bringing about a ma1or focus on want is called the
&human element' in maritime disasters?
- "he sinking of the &4erald of 5ree nterprise'(
!!.
Which code was produced b" the 8arine =ccident Investigator>s International 9orum
to assist flag and coastal states to properl" investigate and act on incidents?
- "he Code for the -nvestigation of Marine Casualties and -ncidents(
!$.
Which of the following safet" management ob1ectives are required from a shipping
compan" b" the IS8 /ode?
- "o continuously improve safety management skills of personnel ashore and aboard ships!
including preparing for emergencies related both to safety and environmental protection;
- "o establish safeguards against all identified risks;
- "o provide for safe practices in ship operation and a safe working environment(
!(.
9ollowing an accident (incident, the situation ma" develop in one of two wa"s. What
are the"?
- -t may continue to deteriorate;
- -t may be recovered(
!). Which of the following are e%amples of &hidden' costs?
- Lost time;
- .educed profits;
- 6rop in performance;
- -ncreased premiums;
- .ecovery costs;
- .educed capacity;
- Loss of future business(
!0. =n accident is frequentl" caused b" contact with which of the following?
- A source of energy;
- A substance above the threshold limit of the body concerned(
!4.
In the critical period, immediatel" before an accident happens, which two distinct
t"pes of actions are normall" observed from those directl" involved?
- Commission;
- 7mission(
!6.
Which of the following ma" be considered as evidence of &fallibilit"' in a situation that
ma" have led to an accident?
- Lack of monitoring;
- .ecklessness;
- Lack of communication;
- Complacency;
- -ncompetence;
- 8egligence;
- 7ngoing management failure(
!5. Which of the following are e%amples of &latent factors' behind an accident?
- -ncorrect installation;
- -nade3uate procedures;
- 5aulty maintenance;
- 6esign;
- Management decision(
$:.
In terms of investigation, which of the following ma" be considered as the results of
an accident?
- "he loss e2perienced at the end of a se3uence of events(
$1.
If a chain is used to illustrate the sequence of events leading up to and surrounding
an accident, at what point is the accident it self considered to ta#e place?
- At the weakest link(
$!. Immediate causes are generall" divided in to which two of the following categories.
- ,ubstandard acts;
- ,ubstandard conditions(
$$.
What is it that starts the process of cause and effect and ultimatel" results in the
&loss' evidenced in the incident?
- Lack of control(
$(. Which of the following are e%amples of substandard practices?
- 5ailure to use personal protective e3uipment;
- 7perating at an improper or unsafe speed;
- 7ver-rigging or bypassing safety devices;
- 7perating e3uipment without authority(
$).
Which of the following are e%amples of transfer of energ" b" contact? (=ll answers
correct
- Crane hook striking seafarer on the back of the head;
- ,helving in storeroom collapsed due to too many paint tins being placed;
99
$0. Which of the following are e%amples of abnormal behave our?
- Allowing a colleague 99
- 7perating a workshop 99
- ntering a ballast tank 99
- Commencing the overhaul 99
- .emoving a &hydrogen tag' from the lid of a cargo tank! unclipping the securing dogs!
opening the lid and climbing inside;
- Carrying out a risk assessment and completing a &Permit to work aloft' form before
repairing a floodlight on the front of the accommodation;
- :earing footwear with steel ; toecaps during storing;
- 7perating a manifold crane on which no training and familiari#ation has been delivered(
$4. Which of the following are e%amples of substandard conditions?
- 2posure to e2cessive high or low temperatures;
- -nade3uate! improper or missing personal protective e3uipment;
- Congested or restricted work area;
- -nade3uate or defective warning system;
$6. 2asic causes are generall" divided into which two of the following categories?
- Personal factors;
- <ob factors;
$5.
Which of the following ma" be categori<ed under the general factor described as &lac#
of s#ill'?
- Lack of coaching;
- -nfre3uent performance;
- -nade3uate foundational instruction;
- -nade3uate competence management;
- -nade3uate practice(
(:. 2elow is a list of si% &personal factors'. *hree of them ma" be categori<ed under
inadequate ph"sical ? ph"siological capabilit" and three under mental and ph"sical
stress. @rag and drop the e%amples onto the applicable corresponding personal
factorA
1. Inadequate physical/physiological capability Alerting of sensitivity to certain subst-s;
4earing impairment;
,ensitivity to e2tremes of temperature!
2. Mental and physical stress ; 5atigue due to mental task load;
-nade3uate or confusing instructions;
.outine or monotony;
(1.
Which of the following ma" be categori<ed under the general factor described as &lac#
of proper motivation'?
- -mproper e2ample 99
- &Cutting corners'-in;
- 5ailure to acknowledge(
- -nade3uate or incorrect;
- .ewarding inade3uate(
(!.
Which of the following should be declared in performance standard? What do
declared standards indicate?
- :hen an action is e2pected;
- :hat action is e2pected;
- :ho an action is e2pected from
($.
Which of the following are amongst those factors that ma" be considered in the
development of pre-contact controls? (Select all applicable answers=ll
- ,afety;
- -nspection;
- Communication;
- Analysis of critical tasks;
- 6esign;
- Leadership! team culture! support and assistance;
- "raining;
- 5ormulation of policies and writing of procedures;
((.
Which of the following are e%amples of post-contact control? (Select all applicable
answers=ll
- mergency vacuation Plans;
- Material and psychological support;
- 5irst Aid;
- Pollution .esponse 0,pill Control1 measures;
- =oundary! atmosphere and environmental control;
- ,earch and .escue operations;
- 5ire fighting;
().
Inadequate compliance is normall" identified b" which of the following
circumstances? (Select all applicable answers two
- vidence that there was inade3uate knowledge or understanding of a standard which
resulted in it not being observed;
- vidence that there was inade3uate knowledge of a declared standard and that it was
willfully disregarded;
(0.
In relation of the management ris#, &lac# of control' can be replaced with &loss
control management'. In this case, the control activities can be summari<ed b" a
number of steps. @rag and drop them, placing them in the correct orderA
- -dentification;
- ,tandards;
- Measurement;
- valuation;
- Correction;
(4. Which of the following general categories are e%amples of contact controls?
- Protection;
- -mpact reduction;
- Modification;
- ,ubstitution;
- Provision of barriers(
(6.
If control is found to be inadequate, which of the following factors ma" be evidence of
a failing loss control element? (Select all applicable answers=ll
- "oo few system activities;
- -rrelevant activities present;
- -mproperly arranged activities;
- -naccurate and out of date activities;
- -ncomplete activities;
- Performance standards are too specific;
- "raining standards are e2cessively high;
(5.
If control is assessed as inadequate, which of the following factors ma" be
representative of inadequate performance standards? (Select all applicable answers$
- "hey are not high or demanding enough;
- "hey are not specific enough;
- "hey are unclear;
):.
@rag and drop the applicable label onto the corresponding description of
responsibilit" in respect of standards.
1. Management Responsibility - Correction of a lack of control
2. Executive Function assisted by super - 6evelopment 99
. !upervisory Function !upported by execution - Maintaining 99
)1.
In relation to an accident timeline, there are commonl" multiple opportunities to appl"
or increase control. Which of the following terms are commonl" applied when
summari<ing these opportunities? (Select all applicable answers$
- Post contact;
- Contact;
- Pre-contact;
)!.
What are the three common reasons for lac# of control? (Select all applicable
answers
- -nade3uate compliance with standards;
- -nade3uate standards;
- An inade3uate system;
)$.
Which of the following ma" be the results of good control measures? (Select all
applicable answers$
- 6amage may be eliminated or minimi#ed;
- "he effects of energy transfer may be prevented! altered or absorbed;
- 4arm may be minimi#ed;
)(.
Which of the following are standard parts of in Incident Investigation report? (Select
all applicable answers all
- .ecommendations aimed at prevention of a repetition of the incident;
- Analysis and comment on the elements of the incident;
- A summary outline of the incident and know results;
- A more detailed narrative e2plaining the circumstances of the incident;
- "he identity and general particulars of the vessel;
- =asic details on the personnel involved in the incident and those who have additionally
contributed to the investigation;
- "he names and signatures of any inured shore personal;
- .eferences to similar incidents on other vessels;
)).
=n incident has occurred on board "our vessel. = h"draulic winch has failed, a
seaman has been in1ured and a crate of valuable cargo has been damaged. *he
suspicion is that the machiner" failure is related to contaminated h"draulic oil. *here
are two inspectors attending the vessel. *he" as# for samples of the oil. What should
be the action of the 8aster and /h. ,ngineer?
- "he Master should check with the company before releasing any samples( 4e should
clearly establish what he is to release and who he is authori#ed to release it to(
)0.
Which of the following will commonl" be amongst an investigator>s aims when
planning a series of interviews as part of the inquir" procedure? (Select all applicable
answers(
- "o understand how the witness was involved in the incident;
- "o establish and confirm the se3uence of events;
- "o determine areas of the operation that re3uire attention in order to 99
- "o identify the principal elements and contributing factors in the incident;
)4.
*he Superintendent is going on board to conduct an investigation into an accident in
which a crewmember was seriousl" in1ured during the stowage of an accommodation
ladder. Which of the following should he particularl" tr" to interview? (Select all
applicable answers(
- Any person who can contribute to the understanding of the events leading up to! and the
prevailing conditions at the time of the accident;
- "he person in charge of the operation at the time of the accident! incident or near-miss;
- Any eye witnesses;
- Any person who can provide additional evidence! relevant to the investigation;
)6.
Which of the following ma" be an indication that entries in a log-boo# have been
added or a mended at a later stage? (Select all applicable answers)
- An entry between others using a different pen;
- A missing page as indicated by a break in the numerical se3uence;
- An entry made by someone who was not on watch at the time;
- "he application of &li3uid paper'0"ipe21;
- An entry between others in a different hand writing style(
)5.
*he ship>s Safet" 7fficer sits down to review what he has 1ust discovered from the $
rd
,ngineer, who he has interviewed in connection with a contained overflow incident.
Which of the following principles should he appl"?
- 4e should determine how it affects evidence already secured;
- 4e should assess what new evidence has come to light;
- 4e should evaluate how if indeed it does! it affects his investigation plan(
0:.
Which of the following are e%amples of automaticall" recorded data? (Select all
applicable answersall
- ngine movement print-outs;
- "emperature records;
- 7n-line ullage reports;
- ,tability profiles;
- /P, logs;
- Course recorder charts;
- 72ygen content data;
- Alarm logs(
01.
*here has been an incident on board the vessel, with some casualties and pollution. =
local newspaper reporter approaches the seaman on dut" at the gangwa" and as#s
him to e%plain what happened. ;e offers the man B): for his help. ;ow should the
seaman be trained to react to such an approach?
- 4e should not enter into any discussion relating to the incident( 4e should refuse admission
to the reporter(
0!.
Which of the following best describes the form that the narrative section of an Incident
Investigation Ceport should flow?
- A simple orderly description of the events leading up to the accident! incident or near-miss!
the circumstances of the accident! incident or near-miss itself! the conse3uences and the
post-incident actions! written in a neutral way! without opinion or judgment(
0$.
Which of the following are common interview techniques, as described b" this
chapter? (Select all applicable answers$
- 5ree recall;
- Conversational approach;
- >uestion and answer;
0(. Which of the following is an e%ample of direct, or real, evidence?
- A broken crane wire;
0).
Which of the following is the definition of an &impartial' witness, within the conte%t of
this program?
- 7ne who has no personal interest and nothing to gain! or lose(
00. Which of the following will usuall" be missing in a near-miss investigation?
- vidence of loss;
04.
Which of the following are amongst the &golden rules' of interviewing? (Select all
applicable answers=ll
- 6on?t do all the taking;
- 6o not become distracted;
- 6o not become frustrated or lose your temper;
- Put the witness at ease;
- =e patient;
- Avoid argument( 6o not critici#e( .emain impartial;
- 6o not lead the witness;
- ,how that you want to listen;
06.
9ollowing an incident, what approach should the vessel>s staff adopt with regard to
gangwa" securit"?
- A courteous and cooperative! yet firm attitude should be adopted! the identity and
re3uirements of all visitors should be established and reported to the Master or 7fficer of the
:atch; permission should be confirmed before issuing a permit to board(
05.
9or the purposes of communication, who is the nominated representative of the
7wner of the vessels?
- "he Master;
4:.
Identif" the Dnited +ations /onventions and the ma1or I87 /onvention which outline
the requirements for 9lag States to investigate and report marine casualties and
pollution incidents?
- "he @nited 8ations Convention of the Law of the ,ea 0@CL7,1;
- "he -nternational Convention for the ,afety of Life and ,ea 0,7LA,1 ABCD;
41.
= Eunior ,ngineer is in1ured during the replacement of a main engine c"linder liner.
Immediatel" before the accident, which two distinct t"pes of actions, referred to in this
training program, ma" have been performed b" the 1
st
,ngineer, who was supervising
the operation and b" the other members of the maintenance team?
- Commission;
- 7mission;
- 6eletion;
- .emission;
- Prevention;
- ,olution(
4!. Which of the following definitions is that of a &blame culture'?
- 7ne where people look no further than &human error'(
4$.
Which 8aritime /ode requires shipping companies to provide for safe practices in
ship operation and a safe wor#ing environment, establish safeguards against all
identified ris#s and to continuousl" improve safet" management s#ills of personnel
ashore and aboard ships, including preparing for emergencies related both to safet"
and environmental protection?
- "he -nternational ,afety Management 0-,M1 Code;
4(.
*he ma%imum safe wor#ing load of a crane has been e%ceeded. When the operator
attempted the lift, the retaining bolts at the foot of the crane mounting sheared and the
crane toppled over. Which of the following ma" be considered as evidence of
&fallibilit"' in this situation? (Select all applicable answers =ll
- 7n going management failure;
- .ecklessness;
- Lack of monitoring;
- -nade3uate design;
- 5aulty maintenance;
- 8egligence;
- -ncompetence;
- Lack of communication;
4).
2elow is a list of si% &1ob factors'. *hree of them ma" be categori<ed under
inadequate tools or equipment and three under wear and tear. @rag and drop the
e%amples onto the applicable corresponding 1ob factorsA
1. Inadequate tools or equipment - -nade3uate standards and specifications
-nade3uate assessment of operational re3uirements
-mproper recycling or disposal of used components
-nade3uate maintenance practice
2. "ear and tear - -nade3uate planning for utili#ation of e3uipment
-mproper loading
-mproper recycling or disposal of used components(
40.
2elow is a list of si% &personal factors'. *hree of them ma" be categori<ed under
inadequate ph"sical ? ph"siological capabilit" and three under mental and ph"sical
stress. @rag and drop the e%amples onto the applicable corresponding personal
factorA
1. #ac$ o% $no&ledge - -nade3uate updating or refresher training;
-nade3uate orientation or briefing;
Lack of e2perience;
2. #ac$ o% proper motivation - 2cessive frustration;
-mproper e2ample set by supervisor;
Lack of incentives;
44.
@rag and drop the methods onto the questions, to show the techniques that an
investigator will use at the corresponding stages of an incident investigation.
1. "hat' - 7bservation;
- vidence;
2. "hy' - Analysis;
- .easoning;
46.
Which of the following should be declared in performance standards? (Select all
applicable answers
- :hen an action is e2pected;
- :hat action is e2pected
- :ho an action is e2pected from;
45.
*his program featured a stud" conducted b" the +orth of ,ngland -.I /lub which
used the e%ample of a man and a ladder alongside the accident p"ramid. What
relationship did this illustration suggest?
- "hat the severity of accidents depends on the degree of ha#ard;
6:.
Which of the following ma" be categori<ed under the general factor described as
&mental or ph"siological stress'?
- .outine or monotony;
- .eaching or approaching the limit of sound judgment or decision making;
- Limited ability to sustain body position;
- 5rustration;
- 5atigue due to mental task load;
- 2posure to an environment within which the subject is not comfortable or confident;
- Conflicting instructions or demands;
- =lood sugar deficiency(
61.
=s described in this training program, an accident is generall" caused b" contact with
which of the following? (Select all applicable answers
- A body within which all energy has been contained during an impact;
- A substance above the threshold limit of the body concerned;
- A body capable of generating a disproportionately high level of energy;
- A source of energy;
- A material at or below the threshold limit of the body concerned(
6!.
Which of the following ma" be categori<ed under the general factor described as
'inadequate or improper wor# standard'? (Select all applicable answers
- -nade3uate development of standards! including risk assessment! coordination with process
design! lack of employee involvement and inconsistent procedures and rules(
- -nade3uate maintenance of standards! including monitoring and updating(
- -nade3uate or improper communication of standards! including publication! distribution!
translation and reinforcement with co lour codes! signs and other visual aids(
6$.
*he following ! incidents involve Seaman = and 2 - - carr"ing a bo% of stores on
ladders. Seaman = F Goung, fit, full protective clothing, slips from lower part of ladder,
slight sprain on left an#le. Seaman 2 F 7lder, unfit, no protective clothing, falls from
upper part of ladder, breast an#le wrist and has a concussion on the head. What is the
essential difference here, in terms of control?
- 8othing could have been done in either case to minimi#e injury! because you can never
legislate for chance(
- "he severity of the outcome was affected by the height from which the man fell the
protective clothing he was wearing and his ability to react to the fall(
- "he potential for an accident was affected by the height from which the man fell the
protective clothing he was wearing and his ability to react to the fall(
6(.
*he Ship>s Safet" 7fficer is conducting on board investigation into a minor incident
involving a lifeboat access platform. = Seaman who was wor#ing nearb" at the time is
being interviewed and is having difficult" in remembering some of the details. ;ow
might the Safet" 7fficer assist him to remember? (Select all applicable answers
- 4e must get firm with the ,eaman and tell him how important it is that he remembers(
- 4e might talk through a list of potentially relevant items! asking the ,eaman to include or
reject them(
- 4e might talk through the incident with the ,eaman(
- 4e should ask the ,eaman to say anything even if he is not absolutely sure of the facts! so
that he can include some testimony from the ,eaman in the investigation report(
6).
@rag and drop the tas#s in to the correct sequence to be adopted to produce &good
control' in the conte%t of this program.
Accurately measure performance Carefully evaluate results
Apply corrective and development measures Assess meds
60.
=n investigator arrives on board to conduct an inquir" into an incident involving some
damaged containers, several of which have collapsed and fallen forward onto the bac#
of he forecastle dec#. Which of the following will he initiall" see# to identif"?
- :here the biggest impact has taken place;
- "he se3uence of events leading to the incident;
- "he transfer of energy;
- 4ow the greatest damage was caused(
64.
Gou are investigating an accident on the dec# of a chemical tan#er. Gour want to ta#e
some photographs in support of "our investigation. Which of the following must be
confirmed before this? (Select all applicable answers
- All necessary atmosphere tests have been done! incompliance with the applicable safety
procedures and that the appropriate risk assessment form and permits have been completed;
- "hat the ship?s deck lights have been switched off;
- :here fitted! the date * time facility must be correctly set and activated;
- "he Master has given permission for photographs to be taken;
- "hat the camera to be used meets the specifications laid down in the -,P, Code;
65.
Which of the following best e%plains the purpose of an investigation into an accident,
incident or near-miss on board ship?
- Primarily the allocation of blame! but also the identification of relevant contributory factors( -t
may suggest corrective action;
- "he completion of the necessary forms! so that an incident is on record and an auditor can
see that a system for selectively documenting certain incidents e2ists;
- "he drawing up of corrective action! including disciplinary procedures where appropriate(
"he applicable contributory factors may not necessarily be identified;
- "he establishment of facts and the determination of corrective action! aimed at the
prevention of a recurrence of the incident( -t?s not the allocation of blame(
5:.
*here has been an outbrea# of food poisoning on board "our vessel. *he suspicion is
that the source can be traced to a portable hose, previousl" used to transfer sewage
while a pump was under repair in the engine room. *here are two inspectors attending
the vessel. *he" as# permission to ta#e samples from the domestic fresh water tan#s.
What should be the action of the 8aster and /hief ,ngineer? (Select all applicable
answers
- 8either the Master and Ch( ngineer should cooperate in any way with any inspectors( "he
gangway security watch should be doubled and all shore side personnel should be refused
admission to the ship;
- "he Master should check with the company before releasing any samples( 4e should
clearly establish what he is to release and who he is authori#ed to release it to;
- "he Master and Ch( ngineer should at all time be fully cooperative with all inspectors
following an incident! including releasing any papers! samples and reports that are asked for;
51.
Which of the following is the definition of &circumstantial evidence', as understood b"
this module?
- -nformation obtained through a third party;
- ,omething that may reasonably be inferred as a fact relevant to an incident;
- Account told by witnesses;
- ,omething found in physical objects! which cannot often be disputed;
5!.
Which of the following terms is that general applied to the &signs' displa"ed in a
person>s gestures, the wa" that the" sit or stand and the wa" the" loo# at "ou?
- ,ubconscious e2hibition;
- Mental perception;
- 7ver display;
- =ody language;
- Concealed language;
5$.
If an officer is instructed to investigate an incident which involved a bro#en wire on a
mooring which and he is supporting his inquir" with photographs, how should he tr"
to photograph the wire?
- -n place! still on the winch drum;
- Ashore! having been removed from the vessel;
- -n the forecastle store! having been removed from the winch drum;
- 4e should not take photographs of the broken wire(
5(. *he /hief 7fficer has been appointed to investigate an incident in the engine room
wor#shop. ;e is planning to interview a number of crewmembers. Which of the
following should he do prior to commencing the interviews? (Select all applicable
answers
- .un through the se3uence of events and review the principal elements and contributing
factors known to that point in the investigation;
- 6raw up a list of those to be interviewed;
- Compile 3uestions which will deliver evidence to support his ideas of what happed;
- Consider the approach to be taken with each witness;
- :ork out beforehand who is lying and how to trap them in the interview;
- -dentify evidence still to be secured;
- Analy#e the evidence already secured;
5).
=s a qualit" measure following an interview, an investigator should perform which of
the following chec#s? (Select all applicable answers
- Assess whether the character of the witness has any bearing on the evidence he has given;
- Analy#e whether the evidence from the interview supports the general idea of whom is to
blame;
- 6etermine whether anything significant has been missed;
- .eview his notes;
- Modify his notes to reflect his general assumptions of the causes behind the incident! taking
selective evidence from the interview ha has just conducted;
- Analy#e whether the conduct and outcome of the interview were satisfactory(
50.
Which of the following is the definition of a &negative' witness, within the conte%t of
this program?
- 7ne who is biased and hostile;
- 7ne who &saw and heard everything! knew everyone involved and remembers everything
clearly'(
- 7ne with a personal interest in the outcome of the in3uiry(
- 7ne who has a problem with authority and feels threatened by the interview(
- 7ne who &saw nothing! heard nothing! knew no-one involved and remembers nothing
anyway('
- 7ne with whom there is a language ; based communication problem(