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Rev.DavidA.Buersmeyer.ssjohnandpaul@sbcglobal.net.

TalkforDioceseofGary,92212 1

[NB: The following outline will help in taking a reader through the slides which were used in a
Powerpoint Presentation for the talk. All the slides are attached to this outline.]

LUMEN GENTIUM: AFFIRMING THE TRADITION AND CREATING
THE SPACE FOR POSSIBLE FUTURES

INTRODUCTION
wecouldbegenerationstryingtoliveoutfullyalltheimplicationsofthat
document[CardinalJohnDearden,1979]

PARTONE:BACKGROUNDTOTHECOUNCILDISCUSSIONSONTHECHURCH
A.CounterReformation,Apologetic,NeoScholasticEcclesiology
1. perfectandunequal(hierarchical)society
2. teachingChurchandlisteningChurch
3. nonCatholicChristians:categoriesofschismaticsandheretics

B.IncompleteNatureofVaticanI

C.CatholicActionandLayInvolvementintheChurchsApostolate

D.PiusXII
1. EncyclicalsontheChurch,onthestudyofScripture,onliturgy,andoncurrent
theologicaltrends
2. DogmaontheAssumption

E.PopeJohnXXIIIsEcumenicalOpenness

F.TheMonthsLeadinguptoSessionOneoftheCouncil

PARTTWO:FROMPREPARATORYSCHEMADEECCLESIATOFINALDOCUMENT
LUMENGENTIUM

A.Thequestionsandconcernswhichshapethedocument
1. NatureandcompletenessofthevisibleCatholicChurch
2. Relationshipbetweenhierarchyandlaity
3. Thecalltoholiness
4. EcumenismandtherelationshipofnonCatholicChristianstotheCatholic
Church
Rev.DavidA.Buersmeyer.ssjohnandpaul@sbcglobal.net.TalkforDioceseofGary,92212 2

5. RelationshipofBishopstoPope
6. MaryandtheChurch

B.ThePreparatorySchemaof1962

C.The1963TextandItsChanges

D.TheFinalTextofLumenGentium
1. PlacingchapteronPeopleofGodbeforechapterontheHierarchicalStructure
2. DividingCalltoHolinessintotwochaptersbutwithchapteronReligiousLife
aftertheUniversalCalltoHoliness
3. AddingchapteronEschatologicalNatureoftheChurch
4. IncludingchapteronMary
5. TheExplanatoryNotesinsertedattheend

PARTTHREE:AMOREDETAILEDREVIEWOFCHAPTERSONETHROUGHFIVEOFTHE
FINALTEXTOFLUMENGENTIUM

ChapterOne:TheMysteryoftheChurch
1. UseofScripturalandsacramentallanguageforcoredescriptionoftheChurch
(Title;#1,cf.#48;#6)
2. RootedintheTrinitarianlifeofGod(#24)
3. ChurchasgreaterthanthevisibleChurchmembership
a. ChurchfromAbel(#2)
b. Languageofincorporation,allowingforvarioustypesofconnection
ratherthanmembershipin/out(#8,cf.#13#15)
c. TrueChurchsubsistsinCatholicChurch(#8)
4. Atthesametimeholyandinneedofpurification(#8;cf.#15)

ChapterTwo:ThePeopleofGod
1. PlacementoftheChapter
2. ThreefoldofficeofChristunderlinesthecommonalityofallintheChurch
a. SharingintheonepriesthoodofJesusChrist(#10,butdifferencein
essence)
b. SharinginthepropheticministryofChrist(#12,sensusfidei)
c. SharinginthekinglyministryofChrist(#13,charismsforthebuildingup
ofChurch,cf.#4,#30)
3. PilgrimPeople(#14,cf.#7andespeciallyallofChapterVII)
Rev.DavidA.Buersmeyer.ssjohnandpaul@sbcglobal.net.TalkforDioceseofGary,92212 3

4. Missiontobringgospeltoall(#17butcf.#16onuniversalsavingwillofGod)

ChapterThree:OntheHierarchicalStructureoftheChurch;InParticularthe
Episcopate
1. Officeofbishopasdivinelyinstituted(#1820)
a. OrdainedtofullnessofsacramentofOrders(#21,#23)
b. VicarsofChristnotsimplyvicarsofthePope(#2327)
c. TheuniversalChurchispresentinthelocalChurch(#26)
2. CollegialnatureofepiscopacyandrelationtoprimacyofPope(#2223)
a. Sharinginthecharismofinfallibility(#25)
b. Religioussubmissionofmindandwill(#25)
c. Notapraeviaexplicativa(Appendix)

ChapterFour:TheLaity
1. Theimportanceofbutdifficultyinarticulatingatheologyoflaity(described
negativelyasnotordainedorreligious,#31)
2. Thepositiverealityofthelaity(sharein3foldoffice,#3336)
a. intheworld(#36)
b. withintheChurch(relationshiptopastors,freedomandresponsibilityto
speakup,#37)

ChapterFive:TheUniversalCalltoHolinessintheChurch
1. Someinsightsfromchapter2onPeopleofGod(cf.#11,domesticChurch)and
chapter4onLaity(cf.#34onwhatEucharistentails)
2. Universalcalltoholiness(Title,#39,#40,#41)andsoallcanfinditintheirlife
a. HolinessasgraceofGod,sharinginGodslifeandglory,orientedto
charity(#39,#42),foundinonesregulardailystateoflife(#41),without
excludingspecialcallstoholiness(#42)
b. varietyofways,notjustlanguageoftwoways(evangelicalcounsels/
commandments)(#4041)
3. AbidingimportanceofevangelicalwayoflifeforallintheChurch(#39,#42,cf.
chapter6onReligiousLife)

PARTFOUR:THESIGNIFICANCEOFLUMENGENTIUM:AFFIRMINGTHETRADITION
ANDOPENINGSPACEFORPOSSIBLEFUTURES

A.OpeningspaceforthekingdomofGod:Embracethejourneypossibilityfor
hope
Rev.DavidA.Buersmeyer.ssjohnandpaul@sbcglobal.net.TalkforDioceseofGary,92212 4

1. ThelanguageofunityofvisiblystructuredandMysticalBody,analogoustoa
prolongationoftheIncarnation,theholinessoftheChurch
2. YetthemysteryandsacramentalnatureoftheChurch,apilgrimChurch,in
needofpurificationandreform,eschatologicalnatureoftheChurch

B.Openingspaceforthefundamentalimportanceofbaptismalidentity:Honoryour
baptismalidentitypossibilityforongoingconversion
1. Hierarchicalstructureasdivinelyinstitutedandconstantinsertstohighlight
thatreality,submissionofmindandwilltoauthoritativeteaching
2. YetPeopleofGod,universalcalltoholinesscommonpriesthoodofallbelievers
theuseofconceptofofficeratherthanonlypower,allsharinginthethree
foldofficeofChrist,obligationoflaitytosharetheirwisdomforgoodof
Church

C.Openingspaceforamodelecclesiologyofcommunion:Intentionallypracticethat
typeofcommunionpossibilityforfullparticipation
1. Thecontinualinsertionsontheprimacyandfreedomofthepope,thenota
praeviaexplicativa
2. YetCollegialityofbishopsasapostolicsuccessorsandvicarsofChrist,their
universalresponsibilityandauthority,localandparticularchurches,sharingin
theinfallibilityofthewholeChurch,

D.OpeningspaceforafullycatholicChurch:Cherishfellowtravelersalongthe
waypossibilityforsolidarity
1. TheChurchasavisiblystructuredChurchunitedwiththepope,necessityof
thatChurchforsalvation,theresponsibilityofallinthatChurchtobringthefull
understandingofthegospeltoallintheworld
2. YetaChurchfromAbel,languageofincorporationandnotsimply
membership,Godssavinggraceofferedtoalleventhosenotinthevisible
Church,savinggraceatworkwithinotherthanCatholicecclesialrealities,
ChurchofJesusChristsubsistsintheCatholicChurch

CONCLUSION
Weareprophetsofafuturenotourown[CardinalJohnDearden,1979]

[NB: Attached at the end of this document is the full text of the homily from 1979, highlighting
where portions were taken to transform it into a prayer that should be called the Dearden Prayer
or Dearden-Untener Prayer (since Ken Untener, later bishop of Saginaw was responsible for doing
this), but often is mistakenly called the Romero Prayer, after the martyred archbishop of San
Salvador, a remarkable Christian leader but who had nothing to do with this prayer.]
LUMEN LUMEN GENTIUM GENTIUM: :
AFFIRMING THE AFFIRMING THE
TRADITION AND TRADITION AND TRADITION AND TRADITION AND
CREATINGTHE SPACE CREATINGTHE SPACE CREATING THE SPACE CREATING THE SPACE
FOR POSSIBLE FUTURES FOR POSSIBLE FUTURES FOR POSSIBLE FUTURES FOR POSSIBLE FUTURES
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
My feeling is that we could be
generations trying to live out fully g y g y
all the implications of that document
[Lumen gentium]. I said right after
the Co ncil hen some people e e the Council, when some people were
opting for more advanced
formulations, that we should wait o u at o s, t at e s ou d a t
till we had exhausted all the
implications of the document that
h d It i f i h th ill we had. It is far richer than we will
be able to grasp.
--Cardinal J ohn Dearden, May 1979 Cardinal J ohn Dearden, May 1979
1) Develop the context within which the
Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Dogmatic Constitution on the Church
emerged
2) P id d i ti f th 2) Provide a deeper appreciation for the
final text by looking at the evolution of
the conciliar text on the church the conciliar text on the church
3) Explore a bit more deeply the chapters
of L men Genti m especiall the fi st of Lumen Gentium, especially the first
five of the eight
4) How theological language of LG, if we
allow it, can keep space open to be more
fully Church nowandthe future fully Church now and the future.
PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL
DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH
M l b l i t t ti f V ti I I M l b l i t t ti f V ti I I
DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH
More global interpretations of Vatican I I More global interpretations of Vatican I I
1) Rahner: initial constitutive experience
f Ch h i ifi t th hift f of Church as significant as the shift from
Palestinian, Aramaic, J ewish-Christian
Church to a Hellenistic, Greco-Roman, Church to a Hellenistic, Greco Roman,
Gentile Church
2) P J h P l II l ti i 2) Pope J ohn Paul II: proleptic experience
of and preparation for the flowering of
the Church in the 3
rd
millennium the Church in the 3 millennium
PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL
DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH
A. Counter A. Counter--Reformation, Apologetic, Neo Reformation, Apologetic, Neo- -
Scholastic Ecclesiology Scholastic Ecclesiology
perfect and unequal (hierarchical) society perfect and unequal (hierarchical) society p q ( ) y p q ( ) y
In the first place, then, the faithful should be
h h t i th di it d ll shown how great is the dignity and excellence
of this Sacrament considered in its highest
degree the priesthood Bishops andpriests degree, the priesthood. Bishops and priests
being, as they are, Gods interpreters and
ambassadors, empowered in His name to teach , p
mankind the divine law and the rule of
conduct, and holding, as they do His place on
h i i id h bl f i h earth, it is evident that no nobler function than
theirs can be imagined. J ustly, therefore, are
they callednot only Angels but even gods they called not only Angels, but even gods,
because of the fact that they exercise in our
midst the power andprerogatives of the midst the power and prerogatives of the
immortal God.
--Catechism of the Council of Trent
PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL
DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH
A. Counter A. Counter--Reformation, Apologetic, Neo Reformation, Apologetic, Neo- -
Scholastic Ecclesiology Scholastic Ecclesiology
perfect and unequal (hierarchical) society perfect and unequal (hierarchical) society p q ( ) y p q ( ) y
Eccclesia Eccclesia docens docens (teaching)/Ecclesia (teaching)/Ecclesia discens discens
(listening) (listening) ( g) ( g)
non non- -Catholic Christians: categories of Catholic Christians: categories of
schismatics schismatics and heretics and heretics
PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL
DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH
B. Incomplete Nature of Vatican I B. Incomplete Nature of Vatican I
-- --Constitution on Faith ( Constitution on Faith (Dei Dei Filius Filius))
-- --Constitution on Papal Primacy and Infallibility ( Constitution on Papal Primacy and Infallibility (Pastor Pastor
Aeternus Aeternus)) Aeternus Aeternus))
C. Catholic Action and Lay Apostolate C. Catholic Action and Lay Apostolate
D. Pius XII D. Pius XII
-- --Encyclical on the Church ( Encyclical on the Church (Mystici Mystici Corporis, Corporis,1943), on the 1943), on the
t d f S i t ( t d f S i t (Di i Di i Affl t Affl t S i it S i it 1943) th 1943) th study of Scripture ( study of Scripture (Divino Divino Afflante Afflante Spiritu Spiritu, 1943), on the , 1943), on the
liturgy ( liturgy (Mediator Dei Mediator Dei, 1947), and on some new insights in , 1947), and on some new insights in
theology ( theology (Humani Humani Generis Generis, 1950) , 1950) gy ( gy ( ))
-- --Dogma on the Assumption( Dogma on the Assumption(Munificentissimus Munificentissimus Deus, Deus, 1950) 1950)
PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL
DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH
E. Pope J ohn E. Pope J ohn XXIIIs XXIIIs Vision for the Council Vision for the Council
-- --spiritual good and joy of Church spiritual good and joy of Church p g j y p g j y
-- --aggiornamento aggiornamento
-- --Ecumenical outreach Ecumenical outreach
From the announcement of a Council on From the announcement of a Council on
Establishment of the Secretariat for Establishment of the Secretariat for Establishment of the Secretariat for Establishment of the Secretariat for
Christian Unity Christian Unity
Invitation to Christian Leaders to attend Invitation to Christian Leaders to attend
and observe and observe
PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL PART ONE: BACKGROUND TO THE COUNCIL
DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONSONTHE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH DISCUSSIONS ON THE CHURCH
F Months LeadingUpto First Session F Months LeadingUpto First Session F. Months Leading Up to First Session F. Months Leading Up to First Session
Ottaviani Ottaviani and the Holy Office and the Holy Office Ottaviani Ottaviani and the Holy Office and the Holy Office
Most bishops Most bishops
Suenens Suenens and core group of and core group of
European bishops European bishops
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions andConcerns Which Will Shape Questions andConcerns Which Will Shape A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape
the Document the Document
1. Nature andcompleteness of the visible 1. Nature andcompleteness of the visible 1. Nature and completeness of the visible 1. Nature and completeness of the visible
Church? Church?
How complete/finished is the visible Catholic How complete/finished is the visible Catholic
Church? Church?
Is there room for change and renewal? Is there room for change and renewal?
Perhaps even Reform? Perhaps even Reform?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Q p Q p
the Document the Document
1. Nature and completeness of the visible 1. Nature and completeness of the visible
Church? Church? Church? Church?
How unite the holiness of the Church, a mark of How unite the holiness of the Church, a mark of
the Church, with the sinfulness of its members the Church, with the sinfulness of its members
d b f it i tit ti l t t t d b f it i tit ti l t t t and maybe of its institutional structures at and maybe of its institutional structures at
times? times?
Howclose is this visible Church to the reality Howclose is this visible Church to the reality How close is this visible Church to the reality How close is this visible Church to the reality
God intended for his kingdom? God intended for his kingdom?
What is the relationship of the visible Church What is the relationship of the visible Church
and its members to the invisible mystical Body and its members to the invisible mystical Body and its members to the invisible, mystical Body and its members to the invisible, mystical Body
of Christ? of Christ?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions andConcerns Which Will Shape Questions andConcerns Which Will Shape A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape
the Document the Document
2. Relationship between hierarchy and laity? 2. Relationship between hierarchy and laity?
Does hierarchy essentially define the starting point Does hierarchy essentially define the starting point
d b th k id tit k f th Ch h? d b th k id tit k f th Ch h? and become the key identity marker for the Church? and become the key identity marker for the Church?
Isnt there only one priesthood Isnt there only one priesthood that of J esus that of J esus
Christ? Christ? Christ? Christ?
Do only the ordained have share in the ruling, Do only the ordained have share in the ruling,
teaching and sanctifying mission of J esus? teaching and sanctifying mission of J esus? g y g g y g
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions andConcerns Which Will Shape Questions andConcerns Which Will Shape A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape
the Document the Document
2. Relationshipbetween hierarchy and 2. Relationshipbetween hierarchy and 2. Relationship between hierarchy and 2. Relationship between hierarchy and
laity? laity?
if not what is the difference between ordained if not what is the difference between ordained
and those not ordained? and those not ordained?
Is there essentially a teaching Church Is there essentially a teaching Church
(hierarchy) and a listening Church (laity)? (hierarchy) and a listening Church (laity)?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions andConcerns Which Will Shape Questions andConcerns Which Will Shape A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape
the Document the Document
2. Relationshipbetween hierarchy and 2. Relationshipbetween hierarchy and 2. Relationship between hierarchy and 2. Relationship between hierarchy and
laity? laity?
Is the Church best imaged as the people of Is the Church best imaged as the people of
God? the body of Christ? other images? God? the body of Christ? other images?
What is the relationship between What is the relationship between charisms charisms and and
offices in the Church? offices in the Church?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Quest o s a dCo ce s c S ape Quest o s a dCo ce s c S ape
the Document the Document
3. The Call to Holiness? 3. The Call to Holiness?
Does holiness primarily consist of renouncing the Does holiness primarily consist of renouncing the
world in some sense and living lives of chastity world in some sense and living lives of chastity world in some sense and living lives of chastity, world in some sense and living lives of chastity,
poverty, and obedience? poverty, and obedience?
Are monks and religious better exemplars of Are monks and religious better exemplars of
h li ll th t l d ? h li ll th t l d ? holiness usually that lay men and women? holiness usually that lay men and women?
Can marriage and the family be as full a call to Can marriage and the family be as full a call to
holiness as consecrated religious life? holiness as consecrated religious life? holiness as consecrated religious life? holiness as consecrated religious life?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
AA Questions andConcerns Which Will Questions andConcerns Which Will A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Questions and Concerns Which Will
Shape the Document Shape the Document
3 The Call to Holiness? 3 The Call to Holiness? 3. The Call to Holiness? 3. The Call to Holiness?
Can marriage and family be understood as a Can marriage and family be understood as a Can marriage and family be understood as a Can marriage and family be understood as a
type of Church in miniature? type of Church in miniature?
Does the theological understanding of vocation Does the theological understanding of vocation Does the theological understanding of vocation Does the theological understanding of vocation
apply to all or is it primarily reserved for those apply to all or is it primarily reserved for those
called to ordained and consecrated religious life? called to ordained and consecrated religious life?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape Questions and Concerns Which Will Shape
the Document the Document
4. Relationship of Non 4. Relationship of Non- -Catholic Christians Catholic Christians
to the Catholic Church? to the Catholic Church? to the Catholic Church? to the Catholic Church?
What is the relationship of those who are What is the relationship of those who are
baptized non baptized non- -Catholics to the one visible Church Catholics to the one visible Church
of J esus Christ? of J esus Christ?
Do categories such as Do categories such as schismatics schismatics and heretics and heretics Do categories such as Do categories such as schismatics schismatics and heretics and heretics
best capture that relationship for ecclesial best capture that relationship for ecclesial
communities that have stood the test of time? communities that have stood the test of time?
Can one call such ecclesial communities Can one call such ecclesial communities
Church in any real sense? Church in any real sense?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
Questions and Concerns Which Will Questions and Concerns Which Will
Shape the Document Shape the Document
4 R l ti hi f N 4 R l ti hi f N C th li C th li 4. Relationship of Non 4. Relationship of Non--Catholic Catholic
Christians to the Catholic Church? Christians to the Catholic Church?
Does Gods saving grace work in and through Does Gods saving grace work in and through
the visible structures of such Churches/ecclesial the visible structures of such Churches/ecclesial
iti l i i di id l ithi th ? iti l i i di id l ithi th ? communities or only in individuals within them? communities or only in individuals within them?
Does ecumenism mean a return to the Mother Does ecumenism mean a return to the Mother
Church (Rome) or is the Spirit shaping an Church (Rome) or is the Spirit shaping an Church (Rome) or is the Spirit shaping an Church (Rome) or is the Spirit shaping an
ecumenism different from that? ecumenism different from that?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Questions and Concerns Which Will
Shape the Document Shape the Document
5. Relationship of Bishops to Pope? 5. Relationship of Bishops to Pope?
Is the primacy of the Pope exercised collegially Is the primacy of the Pope exercised collegially
with all the bishops or alone by the Pope? with all the bishops or alone by the Pope? with all the bishops or alone by the Pope? with all the bishops or alone by the Pope?
Are bishops more aptly seen as vicars of the Are bishops more aptly seen as vicars of the
Pope or vicars of Christ? Pope or vicars of Christ? pp
Directly given apostolic authority by Christ or Directly given apostolic authority by Christ or
only via a canonical mission from the bishop of only via a canonical mission from the bishop of y p y p
Rome? Rome?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Questions and Concerns Which Will
Shape the Document Shape the Document
5. Relationship of Bishops to Pope? 5. Relationship of Bishops to Pope?
Are bishops responsible for the universal welfare Are bishops responsible for the universal welfare
f h h h l h l l d f h h h l h l l d of the Church or only their local diocese? of the Church or only their local diocese?
Do bishops in collegial relationship have the Do bishops in collegial relationship have the
bilit t i th t f i f llibilit bilit t i th t f i f llibilit ability to exercise the same type of infallibility as ability to exercise the same type of infallibility as
the Pope alone? the Pope alone?
Does talking about collegiality of all bishops take Does talking about collegiality of all bishops take Does talking about collegiality of all bishops take Does talking about collegiality of all bishops take
away from papal primacy? away from papal primacy?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Questions and Concerns Which Will
Shape the Document Shape the Document
6. Mary and the Church? 6. Mary and the Church?
Is Marys reality so unique that she is in some Is Marys reality so unique that she is in some
b d f h h h b d f h h h way to be treated apart from the Church? way to be treated apart from the Church?
Or is she also a disciple as well as mother of Or is she also a disciple as well as mother of
Ch i t? Ch i t? Christ? Christ?
Mediatrix Mediatrix of all graces and if so what would of all graces and if so what would
that mean? that mean? that mean? that mean?
PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA PART TWO: FROM PREPARATORY SCHEMA
DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATOFINAL DOCUMENT TOFINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN DE ECCLESIA DE ECCLESIATO FINAL DOCUMENT TO FINAL DOCUMENT LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM
A. A. Questions and Concerns Which Will Questions and Concerns Which Will
Shape the Document Shape the Document
6. Mary and the Church? 6. Mary and the Church?
Can she be called Mother of the Church and if Can she be called Mother of the Church and if
h ld h h ld h so what would that mean? so what would that mean?
How do we treat of Mary in a way that doesnt How do we treat of Mary in a way that doesnt
d i i l l ti hi b t d i i l l ti hi b t undermine ecumenical relationships but undermine ecumenical relationships but
recognizes the rich Tradition present in Catholic recognizes the rich Tradition present in Catholic
faith? faith? faith? faith?
First Draft (Dec. 1-7, 1962)
Chapter 1: The Nature of the Church
Final Document (November 21,
1964)
Chapter 1: The Mystery of the
p
Militant
Chapter 2: The Members of the Church
Militant and its Necessity for Salvation
Chapter 3: The Episcopate as the Highest
Chapter 1: The Mystery of the
Church
Chapter 2: The People of God
Chapter 3: The Episcopate as the Highest
Grade of the Sacrament of Holy
Orders; the Priesthood
Chapter 4: Residential Bishops
Ch t 5 Th St t f A i i
Chapter 3: On the Hierarchical
Structure of the Church and
in Particular the Episcopate
Chapter 4: The Laity
Chapter 5: The States for Acquiring
Evangelical Perfection
Chapter 6: The Laity
Chapter 7: The Magisterium
p y
Chapter 5: The Universal Call to
Holiness in the Church
p g
Chapter 8: Authority and Obedience in
the Church
Chapter 9: The Relationship between
ChurchandState andReligious
Chapter 6: Religious
Chapter 7: The Eschatological
Natureof the PilgrimChurch
Church and State and Religious
Tolerance
Chapter 10: The Church and its Duty to
Proclaim the Gospel to All Nations of
the World
Nature of the Pilgrim Church
and Its Union with the
Church in Heaven
Chapter 8: The Blessed Virgin
Mary, Mother of God in the
the World
Chapter 11: Ecumenism
Appendix: The Virgin Mary
a y, o e o God e
Mystery of Christ and His
Church
Final Document (November 21,
1964)
Second Draft (Sept. 30
Oct. 31, 1963)
1964)
Chapter 1: The Mystery of the
Church
Chapter 2: The People of God
Oct. 31, 1963)
Chapter 1: The Mystery of
the Church
Chapter 2: The People of God
Chapter 3: On the Hierarchical
Structure of the Church and in
Particular the Episcopate
Chapter 2: Hierarchical
Constitution of the
Church and the
Particular the Episcopate
Chapter 4: The Laity
Chapter 5: The Universal Call to
Holiness in the Ch ch
Church and the
Episcopate in General
Chapter 3: The People of
Holiness in the Church
Chapter 6: Religious
Chapter 7: The Eschatological
N f h Pil i Ch h d
Chapter 3: The People of
God and Laity in
Particular
Nature of the Pilgrim Church and
Its Union with the Church in
Heaven
Ch t 8 Th Bl d Vi i M
Chapter 4: Call to Holiness
in the Church
Chapter 8: The Blessed Virgin Mary,
Mother of God in the Mystery of
Christ and His Church
Final Document (November 21,
1964)
Second Draft (Sept. 30
Oct. 31, 1963)
1964)
Chapter 1: The Mystery of the
Church
Chapter 2: The People of God
Oct. 31, 1963)
Chapter 1: The Mystery of
the Church
Chapter 2: The People of God
Chapter 3: On the Hierarchical
Structure of the Church and in
Particular the Episcopate
Chapter 2: Hierarchical
Constitution of the
Church and the
Particular the Episcopate
Chapter 4: The Laity
Chapter 5: The Universal Call to
Holiness in the Ch ch
Church and the
Episcopate in General
Chapter 3: The People of
Holiness in the Church
Chapter 6: Religious
Chapter 7: The Eschatological
N f h Pil i Ch h d
Chapter 3: The People of
God and Laity in
Particular
Nature of the Pilgrim Church and
Its Union with the Church in
Heaven
Ch t 8 Th Bl d Vi i M
Chapter 4: Call to Holiness
in the Church
Chapter 8: The Blessed Virgin Mary,
Mother of God in the Mystery of
Christ and His Church
DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE
CHURCH CHURCH
Lumen Lumen gentium gentiumcum sit cum sit Christus Christus Lumen Lumen gentium gentiumcum sit cum sit Christus Christus
AARTICLE RTICLE1: 1: AARTICLE RTICLE1: 1:
CCHRIST HRIST IS IS THE THE LLIGHT IGHT OF OF NATIONS NATIONS. . Because this is so, Because this is so,
this Sacred Synod gathered together in the Holy this Sacred Synod gathered together in the Holy y g g y y g g y
Spirit eagerly desires, by proclaiming the Gospel to Spirit eagerly desires, by proclaiming the Gospel to
every creature every creature, , to bring the light of Christ to all men, to bring the light of Christ to all men,
li h b i h l i ibl h f h li h b i h l i ibl h f h a light brightly visible on the countenance of the a light brightly visible on the countenance of the
Church. Church. SSINCE INCE THE THE CCHURCH HURCH IS IS IN IN CCHRIST HRIST LIKE LIKE AA
SACRAMENT SACRAMENT OR OR AS AS AA SIGN SIGN AND AND INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT BOTH BOTH OF OF SACRAMENT SACRAMENT OR OR AS AS AA SIGN SIGN AND AND INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT BOTH BOTH OF OF
AA VERY VERY CLOSELY CLOSELY KNIT KNIT UNION UNION WITH WITH GGOD OD AND AND OF OF THE THE
UNITY UNITY OF OF THE THE WHOLE WHOLE HUMAN HUMAN RACE RACE,, it desires now to it desires now to ,,
unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and unfold more fully to the faithful of the Church and
to the whole world its own inner nature and to the whole world its own inner nature and
universal mission. universal mission.
AARTICLE RTICLE 48: 48:
Christ, having been lifted up from the earth has Christ, having been lifted up from the earth has
drawn all to drawn all to Himself. Rising Himself. Rising from the from the dead He dead He sent sent
His life His life--giving Spirit upon His disciples and through giving Spirit upon His disciples and through
Him has Him has ESTABLISHED ESTABLISHED HHIS IS BBODY ODY WHICH WHICH IS IS THE THE
CCHURCH HURCH AS AS THE THE UNIVERSAL UNIVERSAL SACRAMENT SACRAMENT OF OF
SALVATION SALVATION. .
AARTICLE RTICLE 6: 6:
The Church is a The Church is a SHEEPFOLD SHEEPFOLD whose one and whose one and
indispensable door is indispensable door is Christ. Christ. It is a It is a FLOCK FLOCK of which of which
God Himself foretold He would be the God Himself foretold He would be the shepherd... shepherd...
Th Ch h i Th Ch h i The Church is The Church is AA PIECE PIECE OF OF LAND LAND TO TO BE BE
CULTIVATED CULTIVATED, the tillage of God.(30) On that land the , the tillage of God.(30) On that land the
ANCIENT ANCIENT OLIVE OLIVE TREE TREE grows whose holy roots were grows whose holy roots were ANCIENT ANCIENT OLIVE OLIVE TREE TREE grows whose holy roots were grows whose holy roots were
the the Prophets ProphetsCHOICE CHOICE VINEYARD VINEYARD BUILDING BUILDING OF OF
GGOD ODHOUSE HOUSE OF OF GGOD ODFAMILY FAMILY, , HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD OF OF ,,
GGOD ODHOLY HOLY TTEMPLE EMPLEHOLY HOLY CITY CITY, , NEW NEW
JERUSALEM JERUSALEMBRIDE BRIDEOUR OUR MOTHER MOTHER
Article 2: Article 2:
The The ETERNAL ETERNAL FFATHER ATHER, , BY BYAA FREE FREE AND AND HIDDEN HIDDEN PLAN PLAN OF OF HHIS IS
OWN OWN WISDOM WISDOMAND AND GOODNESS GOODNESS t dth h l ld t dth h l ld HHIS IS OWN OWN WISDOM WISDOMAND AND GOODNESS GOODNESS, , created the whole world. created the whole world. HHIS IS
PLAN PLAN WAS WAS TO TO RAISE RAISE MEN MEN TO TO A A PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION OF OF THE THE DIVINE DIVINE
LIFE LIFE. .
A ti l 3 A ti l 3 Article 3: Article 3:
TTHE HE SSON ON, , THEREFORE THEREFORE, , CAME CAME, , SENT SENT BY BY THE THE FFATHER ATHER. It was in . It was in
Him, before the foundation of the world, that the Father Him, before the foundation of the world, that the Father
h d d ti d h d d ti d t b d t d f i t b d t d f i chose us and predestined chose us and predestined us to become adopted sons, for in us to become adopted sons, for in
Him it pleased the Father to re Him it pleased the Father to re- -establish all establish all things. things.
A ti l 4 A ti l 4 Article 4 Article 4::
WWHEN HEN THE THE WORK WORK WHICH WHICH THE THE FFATHER ATHER GAVE GAVE THE THE SSON ON TO TO DO DO
ON ON EARTH EARTH WAS WAS ACCOMPLISHED ACCOMPLISHED, , THE THE HHOLY OLY SSPIRIT PIRIT WAS WAS SENT SENT
PP HH ON ON THE THE DAY DAY OF OF PPENTECOST ENTECOST IN IN ORDER ORDER THAT THAT HHEE MIGHT MIGHT
CONTINUALLY CONTINUALLY SANCTIFY SANCTIFY THE THE CCHURCH HURCH, , AND AND THUS THUS, , ALL ALL THOSE THOSE
WHO WHO BELIEVE BELIEVE WOULD WOULD HAVE HAVE ACCESS ACCESS THROUGH THROUGH CCHRIST HRIST IN IN ONE ONE
SS FF SSPIRIT PIRIT TO TO THE THE FFATHER ATHER
Article 2: Article 2:
At the end of time it will gloriously achieve At the end of time it will gloriously achieve
completion, when, completion, when, AS AS IS IS READ READ IN IN THE THE FFATHERS ATHERS, , ALL ALL
THE THE JUST JUST FROM FROMAADAM DAMAND AND ""FROM FROMAABEL BEL THE THE JUST JUST THE THE JUST JUST, , FROM FROMAADAM DAMAND AND ""FROM FROMAABEL BEL, , THE THE JUST JUST
ONE ONE, , TO TO THE THE LAST LAST OF OF THE THE ELECT ELECT," ," WILL WILL BE BE
GATHERED GATHERED TOGETHER TOGETHER WITH WITH THE THE FFATHER ATHER IN IN THE THE GATHERED GATHERED TOGETHER TOGETHER WITH WITH THE THE FFATHER ATHER IN IN THE THE
UNIVERSAL UNIVERSAL CCHURCH HURCH..
A ti l 8 A ti l 8 Article 8: Article 8:
TTHIS HIS CCHURCH HURCH CONSTITUTED CONSTITUTED AND AND ORGANIZED ORGANIZED IN IN THE THE
WORLD WORLD AS AS AA SOCIETY SOCIETY, , SUBSISTS SUBSISTS IN IN THE THE CCATHOLIC ATHOLIC
CCHURCH HURCH,, which is governed by the successor of Peter which is governed by the successor of Peter
and by the Bishops in communion with and by the Bishops in communion with him, him,
ALTHOUGH ALTHOUGH MANY MANY ELEMENTS ELEMENTS OF OF SANCTIFICATION SANCTIFICATION AND AND
OF OF TRUTH TRUTH ARE ARE FOUND FOUND OUTSIDE OUTSIDE OF OF ITS ITS VISIBLE VISIBLE OF OF TRUTH TRUTH ARE ARE FOUND FOUND OUTSIDE OUTSIDE OF OF ITS ITS VISIBLE VISIBLE
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE. . These elements, as gifts belonging to the These elements, as gifts belonging to the
Church of Christ, are forces impelling toward Church of Christ, are forces impelling toward Church of Christ, are forces impelling toward Church of Christ, are forces impelling toward
catholic unity catholic unity..
Article 13: Article 13:
All men are called to be part of this catholic unity of All men are called to be part of this catholic unity of
the people of God which in promoting universal the people of God which in promoting universal
peace presages it. peace presages it. AAND ND THERE THERE BELONG BELONG TO TO OR OR ARE ARE
RELATED RELATED TO TO IT IT IN IN VARIOUS VARIOUS WAYS WAYS, , THE THE CCATHOLIC ATHOLIC
FAITHFUL FAITHFUL, , ALL ALL WHO WHO BELIEVE BELIEVE IN IN CHRIST, AND CHRIST, AND ,, ,,
INDEED THE WHOLE OF MANKIND, FOR ALL INDEED THE WHOLE OF MANKIND, FOR ALL
MEN ARE CALLED BY THE GRACE OF GOD MEN ARE CALLED BY THE GRACE OF GOD
TO SALVATION. TO SALVATION.
Article 14: Article 14:
Theyare TheyareFULLY FULLY INCORPORATED INCORPORATED inthesocietyof the inthesocietyof the They are They areFULLY FULLY INCORPORATED INCORPORATED in the society of the in the society of the
Church who Church who
Article15: Article15:
TT CC TTHE HE CCHURCH HURCH RECOGNIZES RECOGNIZES THAT THAT IN IN MANY MANY WAYS WAYS SHE SHE
IS IS LINKED LINKED WITH WITH THOSE THOSE WHO WHO, , BEING BEING BAPTIZED BAPTIZED,, are are
honored with the name of Christian, though they do honored with the name of Christian, though they do
not profess the faith in its entirety or do not preserve not profess the faith in its entirety or do not preserve
unity of communion with the successor of unity of communion with the successor of Peter Peter
Likewise we can say Likewise we can say THAT THAT IN IN SOME SOME REAL REAL WAY WAY THEY THEY
ARE ARE JOINED JOINED WITH WITH US US IN IN THE THE HHOLY OLY SSPIRIT PIRIT
Article 8: Article 8:
While Christ holy innocent and While Christ holy innocent and undefiled undefiled knew knew While Christ, holy, innocent and While Christ, holy, innocent and undefiled undefiled knew knew
nothing of nothing of sin, sin, but came to expiate only the sins of the but came to expiate only the sins of the
ll THE THE CCHURCH HURCH EMBRACING EMBRACING IN IN ITS ITS BOSOM BOSOM people, people, THE THE CCHURCH HURCH, , EMBRACING EMBRACING IN IN ITS ITS BOSOM BOSOM
SINNERS SINNERS, , AT AT THE THE SAME SAME TIME TIME HOLY HOLYAND AND ALWAYS ALWAYS IN IN NEED NEED
OF OF BEING BEING PURIFIED PURIFIED, , ALWAYS ALWAYS FOLLOWS FOLLOWS THE THE WAY WAY OF OF
PENANCE PENANCE AND AND RENEWAL RENEWAL. .
Article15 Article15: :
Mother Church never ceases to pray, hope and work Mother Church never ceases to pray, hope and work
that this may come about. She exhorts her children to that this may come about. She exhorts her children to
PURIFICATION PURIFICATION AND AND RENEWAL RENEWAL so that the sign of Christ so that the sign of Christ
may shine more brightly over the face of the earth may shine more brightly over the face of the earth..
Article 10: Article 10:
TTHOUGH HOUGH THEY THEY DIFFER DIFFER FROM FROM ONE ONE ANOTHER ANOTHER IN IN TTHOUGH HOUGH THEY THEY DIFFER DIFFER FROM FROM ONE ONE ANOTHER ANOTHER IN IN
ESSENCE ESSENCE AND AND NOT NOT ONLY ONLY IN IN DEGREE DEGREE, , THE THE COMMON COMMON
PRIESTHOOD PRIESTHOOD OF OF THE THE FAITHFUL FAITHFULAND AND THE THE MINISTERIAL MINISTERIAL
OR OR HIERARCHICAL HIERARCHICAL PRIESTHOOD PRIESTHOOD ARE ARE NONETHELESS NONETHELESS
INTERRELATED INTERRELATED: : EACH EACH OF OF THEM THEM IN IN ITS ITS OWN OWN SPECIAL SPECIAL
WAY WAY IS IS AA PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION IN IN THE THE ONE ONE PRIESTHOOD PRIESTHOOD OF OF
CCHRIST HRIST..
Article11: Article11:
It is It is THROUGH THROUGH THE THE SACRAMENTS SACRAMENTS AND AND THE THE EXERCISE EXERCISE It is It is THROUGH THROUGH THE THE SACRAMENTS SACRAMENTS AND AND THE THE EXERCISE EXERCISE
OF OF THE THE VIRTUES VIRTUES that the sacred nature and organic that the sacred nature and organic
structure of the priestly community is brought into structure of the priestly community is brought into
operation operation..
Article 12: Article 12:
Th h l l f G d h l i Ch i t' Th h l l f G d h l i Ch i t' The holy people of God shares also in Christ's The holy people of God shares also in Christ's
prophetic office; it spreads abroad a living witness to prophetic office; it spreads abroad a living witness to
Him, especially by means of a life of faith and Him, especially by means of a life of faith and Him, especially by means of a life of faith and Him, especially by means of a life of faith and
charity and by offering to God a sacrifice of praise, charity and by offering to God a sacrifice of praise,
the tribute of lips which give praise to His the tribute of lips which give praise to His name. name.
TTHE HE ENTIRE ENTIRE BODY BODY OF OF THE THE FAITHFUL FAITHFUL, , ANOINTED ANOINTED AS AS
THEY THEYARE ARE BY BY THE THE HHOLY OLY OONE NE, , CANNOT CANNOT ERR ERR IN IN
Th if t thi i l Th if t thi i l MATTERS MATTERS OF OF BELIEF BELIEF. . They manifest this special They manifest this special
property by means of the whole peoples' property by means of the whole peoples'
SUPERNATURAL SUPERNATURAL DISCERNMENT DISCERNMENT IN IN MATTERS MATTERS OF OF FAITH FAITH SUPERNATURAL SUPERNATURAL DISCERNMENT DISCERNMENT IN IN MATTERS MATTERS OF OF FAITH FAITH
when "from the Bishops down to the last of the lay when "from the Bishops down to the last of the lay
faithful" faithful" they they show universal agreement in matters show universal agreement in matters yy gg
of faith and morals of faith and morals..
Article 12: Article 12: Article 12: Article 12:
He distributes special graces among the faithful of He distributes special graces among the faithful of
every rank. By these gifts He makes them fit and every rank. By these gifts He makes them fit and y y g y y g
ready to undertake the various tasks and offices ready to undertake the various tasks and offices
which contribute toward the renewal and building which contribute toward the renewal and building
up of the Church, according to the words of the up of the Church, according to the words of the
Apostle: "The manifestation of the Spirit is given to Apostle: "The manifestation of the Spirit is given to
everyone for profit everyone for profit"" TTHESE HESE CHARISMS CHARISMS WHETHER WHETHER everyone for profit everyone for profit". ". TTHESE HESE CHARISMS CHARISMS, , WHETHER WHETHER
THEY THEY BE BE THE THE MORE MORE OUTSTANDING OUTSTANDING OR OR THE THE MORE MORE
SIMPLE SIMPLE AND AND WIDELY WIDELY DIFFUSED DIFFUSED,, are to be received are to be received SIMPLE SIMPLE AND AND WIDELY WIDELY DIFFUSED DIFFUSED,, are to be received are to be received
with thanksgiving and consolation for they are with thanksgiving and consolation for they are
perfectly suited to and useful for the needs of the perfectly suited to and useful for the needs of the
Church. Church.
Article 14: Article 14: Article 14: Article 14:
TTHE HE CCHURCH HURCH, , WHICH WHICH THE THE SSPIRIT PIRIT GUIDES GUIDES IN IN WAY WAY OF OF ALL ALL
TRUTH TRUTH AND AND WHICH WHICH HHEE UNIFIED UNIFIED IN IN COMMUNION COMMUNION AND AND IN IN WORKS WORKS
OF OF MINISTRY MINISTRY, H , HEE BOTH BOTH EQUIPS EQUIPS AND AND DIRECTS DIRECTS WITH WITH
HIERARCHICAL HIERARCHICALAND AND CHARISMATIC CHARISMATIC GIFTS GIFTS AND AND ADORNS ADORNS WITH WITH
HHIS IS FRUITS FRUITS.. HHIS IS FRUITS FRUITS..
Article Article 30: 30:
TTHEY HEYALSO ALSO KNOW KNOWTHAT THAT THEY THEY WERE WERE NOT NOT ORDAINED ORDAINED BY BY
CCHRIST HRIST TO TO TAKE TAKE UPON UPON THEMSELVES THEMSELVES ALONE ALONE THE THE ENTIRE ENTIRE
SALVIFIC SALVIFIC MISSION MISSION OF OF THE THE CCHURCH HURCH TOWARD TOWARD THE THE WORLD WORLD. O . ONN
THE THE CONTRARY CONTRARY THEY THEY UNDERSTAND UNDERSTAND THAT THAT IT IT IS IS THEIR THEIR NOBLE NOBLE
DUTY DUTY TO TO SHEPHERD SHEPHERD THE THE FAITHFUL FAITHFULAND AND TO TO RECOGNIZE RECOGNIZE THEIR THEIR
MINISERIES MINISERIES AND AND CHARISMS CHARISMS,, so that all according to their so that all according to their
proper roles may cooperate in this common undertaking with proper roles may cooperate in this common undertaking with proper roles may cooperate in this common undertaking with proper roles may cooperate in this common undertaking with
one mind one mind..
Article 14: Article 14: Article 14: Article 14:
Basing itself upon Sacred Scripture and Tradition, it teaches Basing itself upon Sacred Scripture and Tradition, it teaches
that that THE THE CCHURCH HURCH, , NOW NOWSOJOURNING SOJOURNING ON ON EARTH EARTH AS AS AN AN EXILE EXILE, ,
IS IS NECESSARY NECESSARY FOR FOR SALVATION SALVATION. .
Article 7: Article 7:
OONN EARTH EARTH STILL STILLAS AS PILGRIMS PILGRIMS IN IN AA STRANGE LAND STRANGE LAND OONN EARTH EARTH, , STILL STILLAS AS PILGRIMS PILGRIMS IN IN AA STRANGE LAND, STRANGE LAND,
TRACING TRACING IN IN TRIAL TRIALAND AND IN IN OPPRESSION OPPRESSION THE THE PATHS PATHS HHEE TROD TROD, ,
WE WE ARE ARE MADE MADE ONE ONE WITH WITH HHIS IS SUFFERINGS SUFFERINGS LIKE LIKE THE THE BODY BODY IS IS
ONE ONE WITH WITH THE THE HHEAD EAD, , SUFFERING SUFFERING WITH WITH HHIM IM, , THAT THAT WITH WITH HHIM IM
WE WE MAY MAY BE BE GLORIFIED GLORIFIED..
Chapter VII: Chapter VII:
THE ESCHATOLOGICAL NATURE OF THE PILGRIM THE ESCHATOLOGICAL NATURE OF THE PILGRIM
CHURCHAND ITS UNION WITHTHE CHURCH IN CHURCHAND ITS UNION WITHTHE CHURCH IN CHURCH AND ITS UNION WITH THE CHURCH IN CHURCH AND ITS UNION WITH THE CHURCH IN
HEAVEN HEAVEN
Article 17: Article 17:
TTHE HE CCHURCH HURCH HAS HAS RECEIVED RECEIVED THIS THIS SOLEMN SOLEMN MANDATE MANDATE OF OF
CCHRIST HRIST TO TO PROCLAIM PROCLAIM THE THE SAVING SAVING TRUTH TRUTH FROM FROM THE THE CCHRIST HRIST TO TO PROCLAIM PROCLAIM THE THE SAVING SAVING TRUTH TRUTH FROM FROM THE THE
APOSTLES APOSTLES AND AND MUST MUST CARRY CARRY IT IT OUT OUT TO TO THE THE VERY VERY ENDS ENDS OF OF THE THE
EARTH EARTH..
Article 16: Article 16:
for it is He who gives to all men life and breath and all for it is He who gives to all men life and breath and all things, things,
and and as as SSAVIOR AVIOR WILLS WILLS THAT THAT ALL ALL MEN MEN BE BE SAVED SAVED.. TTHOSE HOSE ALSO ALSO dd ss SS V O V O W S W S NN S V S V .. OS OS SO SO
CAN CAN ATTAIN ATTAIN TO SALVATION WHO THROUGH NO FAULT TO SALVATION WHO THROUGH NO FAULT
OF THEIR OWN DO NOT KNOW THE GOSPEL OF OF THEIR OWN DO NOT KNOW THE GOSPEL OF
CHRIST OR HIS CHURCH YET SINCERELY SEEK GOD CHRIST OR HIS CHURCH YET SINCERELY SEEK GOD CHRIST OR HIS CHURCH, YET SINCERELY SEEK GOD CHRIST OR HIS CHURCH, YET SINCERELY SEEK GOD
AND MOVED BY GRACE STRIVE BY THEIR DEEDS TO AND MOVED BY GRACE STRIVE BY THEIR DEEDS TO
DO HIS WILL AS IT IS KNOWN TO THEM THROUGH DO HIS WILL AS IT IS KNOWN TO THEM THROUGH
THE DICTATES OF CONSCIENCE. THE DICTATES OF CONSCIENCE.
Article 20: Article 20:
TTHEREFORE HEREFORE, , THE THE SSACRED ACRED CCOUNCIL OUNCIL TEACHES TEACHES THAT THAT BISHOPS BISHOPS
BY BY DIVINE DIVINE INSTITUTION INSTITUTION HAVE HAVE SUCCEEDED SUCCEEDED TO TO THE THE PLACE PLACE OF OF
THE THE APOSTLES APOSTLES, ,
Ar Article 21: ticle 21:
AAND ND THE THE SSACRED ACRED CCOUNCIL OUNCIL TEACHES TEACHES THAT THAT BY BY EEPISCOPAL PISCOPAL
CONSECRATION CONSECRATION THE THE FULLNESS FULLNESS OF OF THE THE SACRAMENT SACRAMENT OF OF OORR
ORDERS ORDERS IS IS CONFERRED CONFERRED,,
Article 27: Article 27:
BBISHOPS ISHOPS, , AS AS VICARS VICARS AND AND AMBASSADORS AMBASSADORS OF OF CCHRIST HRIST, , GOVERN GOVERN
THE THE PARTICULAR PARTICULAR CHURCHES CHURCHES ENTRUSTED ENTRUSTED TO TO THEM THEM
Article Article 26: 26:
TTHIS HIS CCHURCH HURCH OF OF CCHRIST HRIST IS IS TRULY TRULY PRESENT PRESENT IN IN ALL ALL
LEGITIMATE LEGITIMATE LOCAL LOCAL CONGREGATIONS CONGREGATIONS OF OF THE THE FAITHFUL FAITHFUL
WHICH WHICH, , UNITED UNITED WITH WITH THEIR THEIR PASTORS PASTORS, , ARE ARE THEMSELVES THEMSELVES
CALLED CALLED CHURCHES CHURCHES IN IN THE THE NNEW EWTTESTAMENT ESTAMENT. . For in their For in their
locality these are the new People called by God, in the Holy locality these are the new People called by God, in the Holy
Spirit and in much fullness Spirit and in much fullness..
Article 22: Article 22:
JJUST UST AS AS IN IN THE THE GGOSPEL OSPEL THE THE LLORD ORD SO SO DISPOSING DISPOSING SSTT PPETER ETER JJUST UST AS AS IN IN THE THE GGOSPEL OSPEL, , THE THE LLORD ORD SO SO DISPOSING DISPOSING, S , STT. P . PETER ETER
AND AND THE THE OTHER OTHER APOSTLES APOSTLES CONSTITUTE CONSTITUTE ONE ONE APOSTOLIC APOSTOLIC
COLLEGE COLLEGE, , SO SO IN IN AA SIMILAR SIMILAR WAY WAY THE THE RROMAN OMAN PPONTIFF ONTIFF, , THE THE
SUCCESSOR SUCCESSOR OF OF PPETER ETER, , AND AND THE THE BISHOPS BISHOPS, , THE THE SUCCESSORS SUCCESSORS OF OF
THE THE APOSTLES APOSTLES, , ARE ARE JOINED JOINED TOGETHER TOGETHER.. Indeed, the very Indeed, the very
ancient practice whereby bishops duly established in all parts ancient practice whereby bishops duly established in all parts ancient practice whereby bishops duly established in all parts ancient practice whereby bishops duly established in all parts
of the world were in communion with one another and with of the world were in communion with one another and with
the Bishop of Rome in a bond of unity, charity and the Bishop of Rome in a bond of unity, charity and
peace (23*) and also the co ncils assembled together (24*) in peace (23*) and also the co ncils assembled together (24*) in peace,(23*) and also the councils assembled together,(24*) in peace,(23*) and also the councils assembled together,(24*) in
which more profound issues were settled in common, (25*) which more profound issues were settled in common, (25*)
the opinion of the many having been prudently the opinion of the many having been prudently
considered,(26*) both of these factors are already an considered,(26*) both of these factors are already an
indication of the collegiate character and aspect of the indication of the collegiate character and aspect of the
Episcopal order; and the ecumenical councils held in the Episcopal order; and the ecumenical councils held in the Episcopal order; and the ecumenical councils held in the Episcopal order; and the ecumenical councils held in the
course of centuries are also manifest proof of that same course of centuries are also manifest proof of that same
character. character.
Article 20: Article 20:
For then the Roman Pontiff is not pronouncing For then the Roman Pontiff is not pronouncing
judgment as a private person judgment as a private person BUT BUT AS AS THE THE SUPREME SUPREME judgment as a private person, judgment as a private person, BUT BUT AS AS THE THE SUPREME SUPREME
TEACHER TEACHER OF OF THE THE UNIVERSAL UNIVERSAL CCHURCH HURCH, , IN IN WHOM WHOM THE THE
CHARISM CHARISM OF OF INFALLIBILITY INFALLIBILITY OF OF THE THE CCHURCH HURCH ITSELF ITSELF CHARISM CHARISM OF OF INFALLIBILITY INFALLIBILITY OF OF THE THE CCHURCH HURCH ITSELF ITSELF
IS IS INDIVIDUALLY INDIVIDUALLY PRESENT PRESENT, , HE HE IS IS EXPOUNDING EXPOUNDING OR OR
DEFENDING DEFENDING AA DOCTRINE DOCTRINE OF OF CATHOLIC CATHOLIC FAITH. FAITH.
THE THE INFALLIBILITY PROMISED TO THE INFALLIBILITY PROMISED TO THE
CHURCH RESIDES ALSO IN THE BODY OF CHURCH RESIDES ALSO IN THE BODY OF
BISHOPS WHEN THAT BODYEXERCISES THE BISHOPS WHEN THAT BODYEXERCISES THE BISHOPS, WHEN THAT BODY EXERCISES THE BISHOPS, WHEN THAT BODY EXERCISES THE
SUPREME MAGISTERIUM WITH THE SUPREME MAGISTERIUM WITH THE
SUCCESSOR OF PETER SUCCESSOR OF PETER SUCCESSOR OF PETER. SUCCESSOR OF PETER.
Article 25: Article 25: Article 25: Article 25:
IINN MATTERS MATTERS OF OF FAITH FAITH AND AND MORALS MORALS, , THE THE BISHOPS BISHOPS
SPEAK SPEAK IN IN THE THE NAME NAME OF OF CCHRIST HRIST AND AND THE THE FAITHFUL FAITHFUL
ARE ARE TO TO ACCEPT ACCEPT THEIR THEIR TEACHING TEACHING AND AND ADHERE ADHERE TO TO IT IT
WITH WITH A A RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS ASSENT ASSENT. T . THIS HIS RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS
SUBMISSION SUBMISSION OF OF MIND MIND AND AND WILL WILL MUST MUST BE BE SHOWN SHOWN IN IN AA
SPECIAL SPECIAL WAY WAY TO TO THE THE AUTHENTIC AUTHENTIC MAGISTERIUM MAGISTERIUM OF OF
THE THE RROMAN OMAN PPONTIFF ONTIFF even when he is not speaking even when he is not speaking THE THE RROMAN OMAN PPONTIFF ONTIFF,, even when he is not speaking even when he is not speaking
ex cathedra; that is, it must be shown in such a way ex cathedra; that is, it must be shown in such a way
that his supreme magisterium is acknowledged with that his supreme magisterium is acknowledged with p g g p g g
reverence, the judgments made by him are sincerely reverence, the judgments made by him are sincerely
adhered to, according to his manifest mind and will. adhered to, according to his manifest mind and will.
AAPRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY NOTE NOTE OF OF EXPLANATION EXPLANATION is being given to the is being given to the A A PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY NOTE NOTE OF OF EXPLANATION EXPLANATION is being given to the is being given to the
Council Fathers from higher Council Fathers from higher--authority, regarding the authority, regarding the Modi Modi
bearing on Chapter III of the Schema de Ecclesia; the bearing on Chapter III of the Schema de Ecclesia; the
doctrine set forth in Chapter III ought to be explained and doctrine set forth in Chapter III ought to be explained and
understood in accordance with the meaning and intent of this understood in accordance with the meaning and intent of this
explanatory note. explanatory note. p y p y
1) college not meant to suggest a society of equals 1) college not meant to suggest a society of equals; ;
22) ordination confers share in universal teaching and ) ordination confers share in universal teaching and 22) ordination confers share in universal teaching and ) ordination confers share in universal teaching and
governing but cannot be put into action without proper governing but cannot be put into action without proper
determination from pope; determination from pope;
33) college is truly a college only if in union with its head, the ) college is truly a college only if in union with its head, the
pope; pope;
44) pope can act in supreme authority personally or collegially ) pope can act in supreme authority personally or collegially ) p p p y p y g y ) p p p y p y g y
but college only intermittently and if truly but college only intermittently and if truly collegial. collegial.
Article 31: Article 31:
TTHE HE TERM TERM LAITY LAITY IS IS HERE HERE UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD TO TO MEAN MEAN ALL ALL THE THE
FAITHFUL FAITHFUL EXCEPT EXCEPT THOSE THOSE IN IN HOLY HOLY ORDERS ORDERS AND AND THOSE THOSE IN IN THE THE
STATE STATE OF OF RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS LIFE LIFE SPECIALLY SPECIALLYAPPROVED APPROVED BY BY THE THE
CHURCH. T CHURCH. THESE HESE FAITHFUL FAITHFULARE ARE BY BAPTISM MADE ONE BY BAPTISM MADE ONE
BODYWITH CHRISTANDARE CONSTITUTEDAMONG BODYWITH CHRISTANDARE CONSTITUTEDAMONG BODY WITH CHRIST AND ARE CONSTITUTED AMONG BODY WITH CHRIST AND ARE CONSTITUTED AMONG
THE PEOPLE OF GOD; THEY ARE IN THEIR OWN WAY THE PEOPLE OF GOD; THEY ARE IN THEIR OWN WAY
MADE SHARERS IN THE PRIESTLY, PROPHETICAL, MADE SHARERS IN THE PRIESTLY, PROPHETICAL,
AND KINGLY FUNCTIONS OF CHRIST; AND THEY AND KINGLY FUNCTIONS OF CHRIST; AND THEY
CARRY OUT FOR THEIR OWN PART THE MISSION CARRY OUT FOR THEIR OWN PART THE MISSION OF OF
THE THE WHOLE WHOLE CCHRISTIAN HRISTIAN PEOPLE PEOPLE IN IN THE THE CCHURCH HURCH AND AND IN IN THE THE
WORLD WORLD..
WHAT SPECIFICALLY CHARACTERIZES THE WHAT SPECIFICALLY CHARACTERIZES THE
LAITYIS THEIR SECULAR NATURE LAITYIS THEIR SECULAR NATURE LAITY IS THEIR SECULAR NATURE. LAITY IS THEIR SECULAR NATURE.
Article 33: Article 33:
TTHE HE LAY LAYAPOSTOLATE APOSTOLATE, , HOWEVER HOWEVER, , IS IS AA
PARTICIPATION PARTICIPATION IN IN THE THE SALVIFIC SALVIFIC MISSION MISSION OF OF THE THE
CC CC SS Th h th i b ti d Th h th i b ti d CCHURCH HURCH ITSELF ITSELF. . Through their baptism and Through their baptism and
confirmation all are commissioned to that apostolate confirmation all are commissioned to that apostolate
by the Lord Himself by the Lord Himself by the Lord Himself. by the Lord Himself.
Article 33: Article 33:
BBESIDES ESIDES THIS THIS APOSTOLATE APOSTOLATE WHICH WHICH CERTAINLY CERTAINLY
PERTAINS PERTAINS TO TO ALL ALL CCHRISTIANS HRISTIANS, , THE THE LAITY LAITY CAN CAN ALSO ALSO
BE BE CALLED CALLED IN IN VARIOUS VARIOUS WAYS WAYS TO TO AA MORE MORE DIRECT DIRECT
FORM FORM OF OF COOPERATION COOPERATION IN IN THE THE APOSTOLATE APOSTOLATE OF OF THE THE
HHIERARCHY IERARCHY HHIERARCHY IERARCHY
Article 36: Article 36: Article 36: Article 36:
Further, He has shared this power so that serving Further, He has shared this power so that serving
Ch i t i th i Ch i t i th i ff ll th i ht b h ilit ll th i ht b h ilit Christ in their Christ in their fe fellow men they might by humility llow men they might by humility
and patience and patience
l d l d h i b h h Ki f h i h i b h h Ki f h i lead lead their brethren to that King for whom to serve is their brethren to that King for whom to serve is
to reign. to reign. BBUT UT THE THE LLORD ORD WISHES WISHES TO TO SPREAD SPREAD HHIS IS
KINGDOM KINGDOMALSO ALSO BY BY MEANS MEANS OF OF THE THE LAITY LAITY, , NAMELY NAMELY, , AA
KINGDOM KINGDOM OF OF TRUTH TRUTH AND AND LIFE LIFE, , AA KINGDOM KINGDOM OF OF
HOLINESS HOLINESS AND AND GRACE GRACE, , AA KINGDOM KINGDOM OF OF JUSTICE JUSTICE, , LOVE LOVE
AND AND PEACE PEACE
Article 37: Article 37:
TTHE HE LAITY LAITY HAVE HAVE THE THE RIGHT RIGHT, , AS AS DO DO ALL ALL CCHRISTIANS HRISTIANS, ,
TO TO RECEIVE RECEIVE IN IN ABUNDANCE ABUNDANCE FROM FROM THEIR THEIR SPIRITUAL SPIRITUAL
SHEPHERDS SHEPHERDS THE THE SPIRITUAL SPIRITUAL GOODS GOODS OF OF THE THE CCHURCH HURCH SHEPHERDS SHEPHERDS THE THE SPIRITUAL SPIRITUAL GOODS GOODS OF OF THE THE CCHURCH HURCH, ,
ESPECIALLY ESPECIALLY THE THE ASSISTANCE ASSISTANCE OF OF THE THE WORD WORD OF OF GGOD OD
AND AND OF OF THE THE SACRAMENTS SACRAMENTS They should openly reveal They should openly reveal AND AND OF OF THE THE SACRAMENTS SACRAMENTS They should openly reveal They should openly reveal
to them their needs and desires with that freedom to them their needs and desires with that freedom
and confidence which is fitting for children of God and confidence which is fitting for children of God
and brothers in Christ. and brothers in Christ. TTHEY HEYARE ARE, , BY BY REASON REASON OF OF
THE THE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE, , COMPETENCE COMPETENCE OR OR OUTSTANDING OUTSTANDING
ABILITY ABILITY WHICH WHICH THEY THEY MAY MAY ENJOY ENJOY PERMITTED PERMITTED AND AND ABILITY ABILITY WHICH WHICH THEY THEY MAY MAY ENJOY ENJOY, , PERMITTED PERMITTED AND AND
SOMETIMES SOMETIMES EVEN EVEN OBLIGED OBLIGED TO TO EXPRESS EXPRESS THEIR THEIR
OPINION OPINION ON ON THOSE THOSE THINGS THINGS WHICH WHICH CONCERN CONCERN THE THE OPINION OPINION ON ON THOSE THOSE THINGS THINGS WHICH WHICH CONCERN CONCERN THE THE
GOOD GOOD OF OF THE THE CCHURCH HURCH
Article 11: Article 11:
TT I i I i TTHE HE FAMILY FAMILY IS IS, , SO SO TO TO SPEAK SPEAK, , THE THE DOMESTIC DOMESTIC CHURCH CHURCH.. In it In it
parents should, by their word and example, be the first parents should, by their word and example, be the first
preachers of the faith to their children; they should preachers of the faith to their children; they should p ; y p ; y
encourage them in the vocation which is proper to each of encourage them in the vocation which is proper to each of
them, fostering with special care vocation to a sacred state. them, fostering with special care vocation to a sacred state.
Article Article 34: 34: Article Article 34: 34:
FFOR OR ALL ALL THEIR THEIR WORKS WORKS, , PRAYERS PRAYERS AND AND APOSTOLIC APOSTOLIC ENDEAVORS ENDEAVORS, ,
THEIR THEIR ORDINARY ORDINARY MARRIED MARRIED AND AND FAMILY FAMILY LIFE LIFE, , THEIR THEIR DAILY DAILY
OCCUPATIONS OCCUPATIONS, , THEIR THEIR PHYSICAL PHYSICALAND AND MENTAL MENTAL RELAXATION RELAXATION, , IF IF
CARRIED CARRIED OUT OUT IN IN THE THE SSPIRIT PIRIT, , AND AND EVEN EVEN THE THE HARDSHIPS HARDSHIPS OF OF
LIFE LIFE, , IF IF PATIENTLY PATIENTLY BORNE BORNEALL ALL THESE THESE BECOME BECOME ""SPIRITUAL SPIRITUAL
SACRIFICES SACRIFICES ACCEPTABLE ACCEPTABLE TO TO GGOD OD THROUGH THROUGH JJESUS ESUS
CCHRIST HRIST".(199) T ".(199) TOGETHER OGETHER WITH WITH THE THE OFFERING OFFERING OF OF THE THE
LLORD ORD''SS BODY BODY THEY THEYARE ARE MOST MOST FITTINGLY FITTINGLY OFFERED OFFERED IN IN THE THE LLORD ORD SS BODY BODY, , THEY THEYARE ARE MOST MOST FITTINGLY FITTINGLY OFFERED OFFERED IN IN THE THE
CELEBRATION CELEBRATION OF OF THE THE EEUCHARIST UCHARIST. .
CHAPTER CHAPTER V: THE V: THE UNIVERSAL CALL UNIVERSAL CALL TO HOLINESS IN TO HOLINESS IN
THE CHURCH THE CHURCH
Article Article 39: 39:
TTHE HE CCHURCH HURCH, , whose mystery is being set forth by this Sacred whose mystery is being set forth by this Sacred
Synod, Synod, IS IS BELIEVED BELIEVED TO TO BE BE INDEFECTIBLY INDEFECTIBLY HOLY HOLY.. Indeed Christ, Indeed Christ,
the Son of God, who with the Father and the Spirit is praised the Son of God, who with the Father and the Spirit is praised
as "uniquely holy," as "uniquely holy," loved loved the Church as His bride, delivering the Church as His bride, delivering
Himself up for her. He did this that He might sanctify her Himself up for her. He did this that He might sanctify her..
HHEE UNITED UNITED HER HER TO TO HHIMSELF IMSELF AS AS HHIS IS OWN OWN BODY BODYAND AND BROUGHT BROUGHT
IT IT TO TO PERFECTION PERFECTION BY BY THE THE GIFT GIFT OF OF THE THE HHOLY OLY SSPIRIT PIRIT FOR FOR IT IT TO TO PERFECTION PERFECTION BY BY THE THE GIFT GIFT OF OF THE THE HHOLY OLY SSPIRIT PIRIT FOR FOR
GGOD OD''SS GLORY GLORY. . Therefore in the Church, Therefore in the Church, EVERYONE EVERYONE WHETHER WHETHER
BELONGING BELONGING TO TO THE THE HIERARCHY HIERARCHY, , OR OR BEING BEING CARED CARED FOR FOR BY BY IT IT, , ,, ,,
IS IS CALLED CALLED TO TO HOLINESS HOLINESS,,
Article 42: Article 42:
FFOR OR CHARITY CHARITY, , AS AS THE THE BOND BOND OF OF PERFECTION PERFECTION AND AND THE THE
FULLNESS FULLNESS OF OF THE THE LAW LAW, , RULES RULES OVER OVER ALL ALL THE THE MEANS MEANS
OF OF ATTAINING ATTAINING HOLINESS HOLINESS AND AND GIVES GIVES LIFE LIFE TO TO THESE THESE
SAME SAME MEANS MEANS. . It is charity which guides us to our It is charity which guides us to our y g y g
final end. It is the love of God and the love of one's final end. It is the love of God and the love of one's
neighbor neighbor neighbor neighbor
Article 42: Article 42: Article 42: Article 42:
TTHE HE CCHURCH HURCH, , THEN THEN, , CONSIDERS CONSIDERS MARTYRDOM MARTYRDOMAS AS AN AN
EXCEPTIONAL EXCEPTIONAL GIFT GIFT AND AND AS AS THE THE FULLEST FULLEST PROOF PROOF OF OF
LOVE LOVE. By martyrdom a disciple is transformed into . By martyrdom a disciple is transformed into
an image of his Master by freely accepting death for an image of his Master by freely accepting death for
the salvation of the world the salvation of the worldas well as his conformity as well as his conformity
to Christ in the shedding of his to Christ in the shedding of his blood. blood.
LLIKEWISE IKEWISE THE THE HOLINESS HOLINESS OF OF THE THE CCHURCH HURCH IS IS LLIKEWISE IKEWISE, , THE THE HOLINESS HOLINESS OF OF THE THE CCHURCH HURCH IS IS
FOSTERED FOSTERED IN IN AA SPECIAL SPECIAL WAY WAY BY BY THE THE OBSERVANCE OBSERVANCE OF OF
THE THE COUNSELS COUNSELS PROPOSED PROPOSED IN IN THE THE GGOSPEL OSPEL BY BY OOUR UR THE THE COUNSELS COUNSELS PROPOSED PROPOSED IN IN THE THE GGOSPEL OSPEL BY BY OOUR UR
LLORD ORD TO TO HHIS IS DISCIPLES DISCIPLES.(13*) A .(13*) ANN EMINENT EMINENT POSITION POSITION
AMONG AMONG THESE THESE IS IS HELD HELD BY BY VIRGINITY VIRGINITY OR OR THE THE
CELIBATE CELIBATE STATE STATE
Article 42: Article 42:
LLLLET ET NEITHER NEITHER THE THE USE USE OF OF THE THE THINGS THINGS OF OF THIS THIS WORLD WORLD NOR NOR
ATTACHMENT ATTACHMENT TO TO RICHES RICHES, , WHICH WHICH IS IS AGAINST AGAINST THE THE SPIRIT SPIRIT OF OF
EVANGELICAL EVANGELICAL POVERTY POVERTY, , HINDER HINDER THEM THEM IN IN THEIR THEIR QUEST QUEST FOR FOR ,,
PERFECT PERFECT LOVE LOVE. . Let them heed the admonition of the Apostle Let them heed the admonition of the Apostle
to those who use this world; let them not come to terms with to those who use this world; let them not come to terms with
this world; for this world as we see it is passing this world; for this world as we see it is passing away away this world; for this world, as we see it, is passing this world; for this world, as we see it, is passing away away
Article 39: Article 39:
(( )) IN IN AA VERY VERY SPECIAL SPECIAL WAY WAY THIS THIS ((HOLINESS HOLINESS) ) APPEARS APPEARS IN IN THE THE
PRACTICE PRACTICE OF OF THE THE COUNSELS COUNSELS, , CUSTOMARILY CUSTOMARILY CALLED CALLED
""EVANGELICAL EVANGELICAL." ." This practice of the counsels, under the This practice of the counsels, under the pp
impulsion of the Holy Spirit, undertaken by many Christians, impulsion of the Holy Spirit, undertaken by many Christians,
either privately or in a Church either privately or in a Church--approved condition or state of approved condition or state of
life gives and must give in the world an outstanding witness life gives and must give in the world an outstanding witness life, gives and must give in the world an outstanding witness life, gives and must give in the world an outstanding witness
and example of this same holiness. and example of this same holiness.
PART FOUR: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PART FOUR: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM:: AFFIRMING THE AFFIRMING THE
TRADITION AND OPENING SPACE FOR TRADITION AND OPENING SPACE FOR
POSSIBLE FUTURES POSSIBLE FUTURES
Opening space for the kingdom of God Opening space for the kingdom of God
-- --the Church is not the kingdom of God the Church is not the kingdom of God gg
-- --seeing the Church as a sacrament before talking seeing the Church as a sacrament before talking
about the various sacraments the Church celebrates about the various sacraments the Church celebrates
-- --classical sacramental theology classical sacramental theology
-- --sacramentum sacramentumtantum tantum
-- --res et res et sacramentum sacramentum
-- --res res tantum tantum
PART FOUR: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PART FOUR: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM:: AFFIRMING THE AFFIRMING THE
TRADITION AND OPENING SPACE FOR TRADITION AND OPENING SPACE FOR
POSSIBLE FUTURES POSSIBLE FUTURES
Opening space for the fundamental importance of Opening space for the fundamental importance of
baptismal baptismal identity identity
-- --11
st st
millennium importance of baptismal identity over millennium importance of baptismal identity over
against the pagan world: Where do you stand against the pagan world: Where do you stand vis vis- -aa- -vis vis
th ld? th ld? the world? the world?
-- --22
nd nd
millennium importance of Orders as defining: Where millennium importance of Orders as defining: Where
d t d ithi th Ch h? d t d ithi th Ch h? do you stand within the Church? do you stand within the Church?
-- --grappling more deeply with the call to holiness and what grappling more deeply with the call to holiness and what
th t th t that means that means
AARTICLE RTICLE 32: 32:
St. Augustine puts this very beautifully when St. Augustine puts this very beautifully when
hh "Wh t I f t ifi h t I "Wh t I f t ifi h t I he says: he says: "What I am for you terrifies me; what I "What I am for you terrifies me; what I
am with you consoles me. For you I am a bishop; am with you consoles me. For you I am a bishop;
b i h I Ch i i Th f i b i h I Ch i i Th f i but with you I am a Christian. The former is a but with you I am a Christian. The former is a
duty; the latter a grace. The former is a danger; duty; the latter a grace. The former is a danger;
the latter, salvation" the latter, salvation"
PART FOUR: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PART FOUR: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM:: AFFIRMING THE AFFIRMING THE
TRADITION AND OPENING SPACE FOR TRADITION AND OPENING SPACE FOR
POSSIBLE FUTURES POSSIBLE FUTURES
Opening space for Opening space for a model a model ecclesiology of ecclesiology of
communion communion
-- --11
st st
millennium understanding of millennium understanding of communio communio
-- --appreciating the universal nature of the local Church appreciating the universal nature of the local Church
-- --collegiality and the unresolved tensions of jurisdiction collegiality and the unresolved tensions of jurisdiction collegiality and the unresolved tensions of jurisdiction collegiality and the unresolved tensions of jurisdiction
-- --using using communio communio model within our dioceses, parishes, model within our dioceses, parishes,
and ministries and ministries and ministries and ministries
PART FOUR: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PART FOUR: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LUMEN LUMEN
GENTIUM GENTIUM:: AFFIRMING THE AFFIRMING THE
TRADITION AND OPENING SPACE FOR TRADITION AND OPENING SPACE FOR
POSSIBLE FUTURES POSSIBLE FUTURES
Opening space for a fully catholic Opening space for a fully catholic Church Church
-- --one Church of J esus Christ means what in our one Church of J esus Christ means what in our
relationship to: relationship to:
each other in the Catholic Church even those each other in the Catholic Church even those -- --each other in the Catholic Church, even those each other in the Catholic Church, even those
whose life situations we do not agree with? whose life situations we do not agree with?
-- --other Christians? other Christians?
-- --other faiths? J ewish? Muslim? other faiths? J ewish? Muslim?
-- --non non- -believers? believers?
Keeping Open Possible Futures Given Keeping Open Possible Futures Given
to Us by Lumen to Us by Lumen Gentium Gentium: :
1) Embrace 1) Embrace the journey toward the the journey toward the kingdom kingdom: :
keepingopen possibility for surprise keepingopen possibility for surprise keeping open possibility for surprise keeping open possibility for surprise
2) Remember and honor your baptismal 2) Remember and honor your baptismal identity: identity:
k i ibilit f i i k i ibilit f i i keeping open possibility for ongoing conversion keeping open possibility for ongoing conversion
3) Intentionally practice 3) Intentionally practice communio communio ::
keeping open possibility for full participation keeping open possibility for full participation
44) Cherish fellowtravelers alongthe ) Cherish fellowtravelers alongthe way: way: 44) Cherish fellow travelers along the ) Cherish fellow travelers along the way: way:
keeping open the possibility for solidarity keeping open the possibility for solidarity
It helps, now and then, to step It helps, now and then, to step
back andtake a longview The back andtake a longview The back and take a long view. The back and take a long view. The
kingdom is not only beyond our kingdom is not only beyond our
efforts, it is beyondour vision. We efforts, it is beyondour vision. We efforts, it is beyond our vision. We efforts, it is beyond our vision. We
accomplish in our lifetime only a tiny accomplish in our lifetime only a tiny
fraction of the magnificent enterprise fraction of the magnificent enterprise g p g p
that is the Lords [Gods] work. that is the Lords [Gods] work.
Nothing we do is complete, Nothing we do is complete, o g do s o p , o g do s o p ,
which is a way of saying that the which is a way of saying that the
kingdom always lies beyond us. No kingdom always lies beyond us. No
sermon [statement] says all that sermon [statement] says all that
could be said. No prayer fully could be said. No prayer fully
f ith N f i f ith N f i expresses our faith. No confession expresses our faith. No confession
brings perfection. No pastoral visit brings perfection. No pastoral visit
brings wholeness No program brings wholeness No program brings wholeness. No program brings wholeness. No program
accomplishes the church's mission. accomplishes the church's mission.
No set of goals andobjectives No set of goals andobjectives No set of goals and objectives No set of goals and objectives
includes everything. includes everything.
This is what we are about. This is what we are about.
We plant [the] seeds that one day We plant [the] seeds that one day We plant [the] seeds that one day We plant [the] seeds that one day
will grow. We water seeds already will grow. We water seeds already
planted, knowing that they hold planted, knowing that they hold p , g y p , g y
future promise. We lay foundations future promise. We lay foundations
that will need further development. that will need further development.
W id h d f W id h d f We provide yeast that produces far We provide yeast that produces far
beyond our capabilities. beyond our capabilities.
We cannot do everything, and there We cannot do everything, and there y g, y g,
is a sense of liberation in realizing that. is a sense of liberation in realizing that.
This enables us to do something, and to This enables us to do something, and to
do it very [very] well It may be do it very [very] well It may be do it very, [very] well. I t may be do it very, [very] well. I t may be
incomplete, but it is a beginning, a step incomplete, but it is a beginning, a step
along the way, an opportunity for the along the way, an opportunity for the g y, pp y g y, pp y
Lord's grace to enter and do the rest. Lord's grace to enter and do the rest.
We may never see the end results, but We may never see the end results, but
that is the difference between the that is the difference between the that is the difference between the that is the difference between the
Master Builder and the worker. We are Master Builder and the worker. We are
workers, not master builders; ministers, workers, not master builders; ministers, , ; , , ; ,
not messiahs. We are not messiahs. We are prophets prophets of a of a
future not our own future not our own. .
-- --Cardinal J ohn Cardinal J ohn Dearden Dearden -- --Cardinal J ohn Cardinal J ohn Dearden Dearden, ,
Homily for Deceased Clergy, October 1979 Homily for Deceased Clergy, October 1979
The So-Called Romero Prayer
[which really should be called the Dearden Prayer adapted from homily by Cardinal John
Dearden, Archbishop of Detroit (1958-1980), for Mass for Deceased Priests, October 25, 1979
(his last time presiding at this yearly Mass before resigning and entering senior bishop status);
prepared by Ken Untener, priest of the archdiocese, later bishop of Saginaw (1980-2004). The
parts that were taken out and made into the so-called Romero prayer are highlighted in bold,
with the original words from Cardinal Dearden and the changes in brackets.]

First Reading: 1 Corinthians 3:4-11
Gospel: Matthew 13:31-33

When we look back on the life of a bishop such as Cardinal Mooney, and the lives of priests
such as we are commemorating today, it is natural to think of all the things they didthe plans and
programs they implemented, the hours and hours of dedicated pastoral work, the countless Masses,
baptisms, marriages, the broken lives they helped to heal, the buildings they built That is as it should
be, for our predecessors labored long and hard in the Lords vineyard. They fought the good fight.
They ran the race with energy and zeal, and we can look back with admiration and thanksgiving.
Today, I would like to look at it from a different perspective. I would like to reflect, instead, on
all the things they didnt do. At first that may sound strange, even a bit irreverent. But it is not meant
to be so. Quite the opposite. It is meant to be very, very reverent. It is meant to remind us that what
they were doingand what we are doingis so great, so sacred, that it could never be accomplished
in a lifetime. We are about the Lords work, not our own. It is the Lord who builds the house, not
ourselves. We are sowers of seeds, not reapers of the harvest. We preach the Kingdom begun, not the
Kingdom accomplished.

It helps, now and then, to step back and take a long view. The kingdom is
not only beyond our efforts, it is beyond our vision. We accomplish in our lifetime
only a tiny fraction of the magnificent enterprise that is the Lords [Gods] work.

What all this comes down to is the realization that everything we do is incomplete. And we
have to approach it that way, with humility, a sense of mystery, a profound reverence.
That is not always an easy thing to do. There is something in each of us that makes us want to
do a complete job and call it our own. We are driven toward wholeness. We want to experience the
fulfillment of rounding things off nicely. We want to finish them, settle things before moving on to
our next task. It cant be done.

Nothing we do is complete, which is a way of saying that the kingdom always
lies beyond us. No sermon [statement] says all that could be said. No prayer fully
expresses our faith. No confession brings perfection. No pastoral visit brings
wholeness. No program accomplishes the church's mission. No set of goals and
objectives includes everything.

In our first reading we heard Paul speak of planting a seed, watering it, and then acknowledging
that the Lord gives the growth. He spoke also of laying a foundation upon which someone else would
build. Then in the Gospel we heard J esus speak of a mustard seed, the smallest of all seeds, that one
day develops into the largest of plants. He spoke of a tiny portion of yeast that eventually affects a
large mass of dough.

This is what we are about. We plant [the] seeds that one day will grow. We
water seeds already planted, knowing that they hold future promise. We lay
foundations that will need further development. We provide yeast that produces
far beyond our capabilities.

The priest who has this perspective has the key to happiness and holiness. He can be happy,
because he doesnt need success measured in this worlds termsand we seldom have success in those
terms. He can be holy because he accepts the Lords most basic formula for holiness: becoming like a
little child, realizing that without the Lord we can do nothing, realizing that He is the vine, we are the
branches.
To say that what we do is incomplete is not to say that what we do is unimportant. It becomes
even more important, because it is part of something greater than meets the eye. It is as important as
planting is to the harvestas a foundation to a skyscraper.

We cannot do everything, and there is a sense of liberation in realizing that.
This enables us to do something, and to do it very, [very] well. It may be
incomplete, but it is a beginning, a step along the way, an opportunity for the
Lord's grace to enter and do the rest. We may never see the end results, but that is
the difference between the Master Builder and the worker. We are workers, not
master builders; ministers, not messiahs. We are prophets of a future not our own.

We celebrate this in every Eucharist. We hold in our hands the mystery of the already and
the not yet. That is why, as so many spiritual writers have noted, priests invariably make the
Eucharist the center of their spiritual life. Amid all the tasks and worries and hopes and dreams that
are so incomplete, we celebrate the coming of Him Who is the Alpha and the Omega, the King of the
universe. Everything comes together when we hold the Eucharist before our people and say, Through
Him, with Him, in Him, in the unity of the Holy Spirit, all glory and honor is yours Almighty Father,
forever and ever. Amen.
These are the reflections that come to mind when we look back on the lives of the priests who
came before us. The incompleteness of their work reminds us of the incompleteness of our own. At
the same time, the value of what they did reminds us of the value of our own work, and of the care and
the reverence that must attend each and everything we do.
I might also say that these are the reflections that come to mind when you are an old priest who
just celebrated his 72
nd
birthday. They have been a source of strength and peace to me every day of
my priesthood, and that is why I wanted to share them with you. The prayer of Simeon has always
meant a great deal to me. It is not an accident that the Church places that prayer on our lips at the end
of each day. No matter how incomplete our efforts may have been, despite our limitations, despite our
failures, we can say with much peace and much fulfillment: Now, Master, you can dismiss your
servant in peace; you have fulfilled your word. For my eyes have witnessed your saving deed
displayed for all the peoples to see: a revealing light to the Gentiles, the glory of your people Israel.
We can say that every night. And Cardinal Mooney and the priests of this diocese could say it
when they died. May their souls and all the souls of the faithful departed, through the mercy of God,
rest in peace. [AMEN].

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