6/25/2014 Types of Irrigation Systems in India - Important India

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Types of Irrigation Systems in India
The various types of Systems of Irrigation
practiced in India
Irrigation refer to the supplying water to the dry land as a
supplementation of rain water. It is mainly aimed for cultivation.
There are various types of systems of irrigation practices in
different parts of India. Irrigation in India is carried on through
wells, tanks, canals, Perennial canal, Multi-purpose river valley
projects etc.
Irrigation System in India are carried on in the following ways:
1. Well Water Irrigation system:
Wells are mainly found in U. P., Bihar, Tamil Nadu etc. there are
various types of wellsshallow wells, deep wells, tube wells,
artesian wells etc. From the shallow wells water is not always
available as the level of water goes down during the dry months.
Deep wells are more suitable for the purpose of irrigation as water
from them is available throughout the year.
Tube wells are also used for irrigation purposes. A deep tube well
worked by electricity, can irrigate a much larger area (about 400
hectares) than a surface well (1/2 hectares). Tube wells are
mostly used in U.P., Hariyana, Punjab, Bihar and Gujarat. In
Rajasthan and Maharashtra, artesian wells are now supplying
water to agricultural lands.
Posted in Indian Geography by Anil Bose On September 19,
2013. No comments
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2. Tank Water Irrigation system:
In the Deccan, reservoirs are made by constructing dams. This
system is greatly adopted in the States of Tamil Nadu, Andhra
Pradesh, and Karnataka etc. In Northern India also, tanks are
constructed for storing water. From all these tanks, water is
carried to the fields through canals.
3. Inundation Irrigation system:
Canal irrigation is playing a vital role in Indian agriculture. It canal
near about 42% of total irrigated land. In many places during the
rainy season, there is flood in the rivers. The flood water is
carried to the field through canals. These canals are found in
W.B., Bihar, Orissa, etc. They supply water only when there is
flood in the rivers, and therefore, are of no use during the dry
season when water is required most.
4. Perennial canals Irrigation System:
In order to supply water throughout the year, reservoirs are
constructed for storing water. From these reservoirs, water can
be supplied to the fields whenever there is demand for it. So this
system of irrigation ensures supply of water in all season. This
type of perennial canal is found mostly in Punjab, U.P., and Tamil
Nadu.
In Punjab, the upper Bari Doab canal connecting the Ravi and the
Beas and Sirhind (from the Sutlej) canal is famous. In U.P., the
Upper Ganga and the Lower Ganga canals, Agra and Sarda
canals, etc. are important. In Tamil Nadu, most important are the
Buckingham canal and the Periyar canal.
5. Multi Purpose River Valley Projects :
In recent years, multi-purpose river valley projects are helping
agriculture. The most important are
the Damodar Project and the Mor Project in West Bengal,
the Mahanadi (Hirakud) Project in Orissa,
the Kosi Project in Bihar, and
the Bhakra Nangal Project in Punjab.
These projects offer facilities for irrigation, flood control, soil
conservation etc.
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