ECG Analysis 1: QRS Detection

SEB4233
Biomedical Signal Processing
ECG Analysis 1: QRS Detection
Dr. Malarvili Balakrishnan
1
ECG Signal Characteristics
Relative power spectrum of QRS complex, P and T
waves, muscle noise and motion artifacts.
2
QRS Detection Algorithm
Lowpass
Filter
Highpass
Filter
ECG
Differentiator
Squaring
Operation
Moving
Average Filter
3
Bandpass Filter (IIR)
Average Filter
Output
QRS DETECTION ALGORITHM
REF: J. Pan & W. Tompkins, A Real-Time QRS Detection
Algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Biomed. Eng.
QRS Detection Algorithm...(cont)
Bandpass filter-cascaded lowpass filter and highpass filter to
isolate the predominant QRS energy centered at 10 Hz. Energy of
QRS is between 5Hz-15Hz. (Thakor et. al., 1983)
Lowpass filter:Eliminate noise such as the EMG and 50Hz power
line noise
Cutoff frequency=11Hz
y[n] = 2y[n-1] - y[n-2] + x[n] - 2x[n-6] + x[n-12]
Bandpass filter-cascaded lowpass filter and highpass filter to
isolate the predominant QRS energy centered at 10 Hz. Energy of
QRS is between 5Hz-15Hz. (Thakor et. al., 1983)
Lowpass filter:Eliminate noise such as the EMG and 50Hz power
line noise
Cutoff frequency=11Hz
y[n] = 2y[n-1] - y[n-2] + x[n] - 2x[n-6] + x[n-12]
4
QRS Detection Algorithm...(cont)
Highpass filter:
Eliminate motion artifacts, P wave and T wave .
Cutoff frequency = 5Hz
y[n] = y[n-1] - x[n]/32 + x[n-16] - x[n-17] + x[n-32]/32
Highpass filter:
Eliminate motion artifacts, P wave and T wave .
Cutoff frequency = 5Hz
y[n] = y[n-1] - x[n]/32 + x[n-16] - x[n-17] + x[n-32]/32
5
QRS Detection Algorithm...(cont)
Differentiation: To obtain information on slope and overcome the
baseline drift problem.
Accentuates QRS complexes relative to
P & T wave
8y[n] = 2x[n] + x[n-1] - x[n-3] - 2x[n-4]
Squaring
Emphasizes the higher frequency component
and attenuates the lower frequency
component.
y[n] = x[n]
2
Differentiation: To obtain information on slope and overcome the
baseline drift problem.
Accentuates QRS complexes relative to
P & T wave
8y[n] = 2x[n] + x[n-1] - x[n-3] - 2x[n-4]
Squaring
Emphasizes the higher frequency component
and attenuates the lower frequency
component.
y[n] = x[n]
2
6
QRS Detection Algorithm...(cont)
Moving Average filter
Acts as a smoother and performs a moving window integrator over
150ms.
y[n] = (x[n-(N-1)]) + x[n-(N-2)] + ............. + x[n])/N
N:length of MA filter
Moving Average filter
Acts as a smoother and performs a moving window integrator over
150ms.
y[n] = (x[n-(N-1)]) + x[n-(N-2)] + ............. + x[n])/N
N:length of MA filter
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QRS Detection Algorithm...(cont)
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Figure: a.) The digitized ECG signal, ECG (k). Effects of b.) after band pass filtering.
c.) after band pass filtering and differentiating. d.) after band pass filtering, differentiating and squaring.
e.) the final process; after band pass filtering, differentiating, squaring and moving average filter.
Data from HUKM
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QRS Detection Algorithm...(cont)
The QRS complex is detected when the slope amplitude is
within the threshold.
Heart rate is calculated according to the formulae below:
Heart rate(bpm)= (60 000*f
s
)/R-R interval(ms)
(f
s
= 450Hz)
The QRS complex is detected when the slope amplitude is
within the threshold.
Heart rate is calculated according to the formulae below:
Heart rate(bpm)= (60 000*f
s
)/R-R interval(ms)
(f
s
= 450Hz)
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