ZTE UMTS KPI Optimization Analysis Guide V1 1 1

UMTS KPI Optimization
Analysis Guide
V1.1
UMTS KPI Optimization Analysis Guide Internal Use Only
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!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* I
!e$ision %isto&y
P&odu't Ve&sion (o'ument Ve&sion Se&ial Num)e& !eason *o& !e$ision
.1*0 /irst pu0lis,ed
.1*1 #ontent modi$i1ation
Aut+o&
(ate (o'ument Ve&sion
P&epa&ed
)y
!e$ie,ed )y App&o$ed )y
&0021&2&8 .1*0
3in
4ian,an
5an+ !,en,ai6
and 4in
!,en+tuan
4in !,en+tuan
&0102021& .1*1
5an+
#un
5an+ !,en,ai6
and 4in
!,en+tuan
4in !,en+tuan
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* II
Key -o&ds.
KPI 78ey per$orman1e indi1ator96 indi1ator de$inition6 $ormula6 KPI monitorin+ $lo:6 KPI
optimization6 KPI 1lassi$i1ation
A)st&a't.
T,is +uide mainly des1ri0es t,e $ormulae6 KPI 1lassi$i1ation6 KPI monitorin+ met,ods
and $lo:s6 and KPI optimization met,ods*
A))&e$iations
A))&e$iation ull name
ATM Asyn1,ronous Trans$er Mode
#;( #all ;rop (ate
#" #,annel "lement
#) #ore )et:or8
#PI#< #ommon Pilot #,annel
#3I #,annel 3uality Indi1ator
#3T #all 3uality Test
;T ;ri-e Test
"2;#< "n,an1ed uplin8 ;edi1ated #,annel
<S;PA <i+, Speed ;o:nlin8 Pa18et A11ess
<S2;S#< <i+, Speed ;o:nlin8 S,ared #,annel
<S2S##< <i+, Speed S,ared #ontrol #,annel
<SUPA <i+, Speed Uplin8 Pa18et A11ess
I#MP Internet #ontrol Messa+e Proto1ol
IP Internet Proto1ols
IPoA Internet Proto1ols O-er ATM
KPI Key Per$orman1e Inde=
>A) >o1al Area )et:or8
MA# Media A11ess #ontrol
M?MS
Multimedia ?road1ast and Multi1ast
Ser-i1e
)ode? )ode ?
OM# Operation @ maintenan1e #entre
P;P Pa18et data proto1ol
PI Per$orman1e Inde=
PPP Point to Point Proto1ol
PS Pa18et2S:it1,ed domain
3oS 3uality o$ Ser-i1e
(A? (adio A11ess ?earer
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* III
A))&e$iation ull name
(/ (adio /reAuen1y
()# (adio )et:or8 #ontroller
((# (adio (esour1e #ontrol
((U (adio (emote Unit
(S#P (e1ei-ed Si+nal #ode Po:er
(T5P (e1ei-ed Total 5ide0and Po:er
SAA> Si+nalin+ ATM Adaptation >ayer
S##P Si+nalin+ #onne1tion #ontrol Part
S)( Si+nal to )oise (atio
T? Transport ?lo18
T#P Trans$er #ontrol Proto1ol
U;P User ;ata+ram Proto1ol
U" User "Auipment
.IP .ery Important People
.P .ideo P,one
5A) 5ide Area )et:or8
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* I.
A)out T+is (o'ument
Summa&y
#+apte& (es'&iption
1 O-er-ie: ?rie$ introdu1tion to KPI optimization
& KPI Monitorin+ Pro1ess KPI monitorin+ pro1ess
' KPI Analysis Met,ods #ommon KPI analysis met,ods6 0asi1 KPI analysis s8ills6
and +eneral pro1ess $or KPI optimization analysis
B KPI Optimization Analysis KPI Optimization Analysis on #S 1all drops6 PS 1all drops6
a11essi0ility indi1ators6 mo0ility indi1ators6 and resour1e
indi1ators
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* .
TA?>" O/ #O)T")TS
1 O$e&$ie, 1
/ KPI Monito&in0 P&o'ess................................................................................................ /
&*1 KPI Monitorin+ Pro1ess************************************************************************************************* &
&*& (outine KPI Monitorin+ Pro1ess***********************************************************************************&
&*' KPI Monitorin+ Pro1ess ;urin+ Parameter Modi$i1ation************************************************B
&*B KPI Monitorin+ ;urin+ ()# or )ode? .ersion Up+rade***********************************************5
&*5 KPI Monitorin+ ;urin+ #uto-er**************************************************************************************C
1 KPI Analysis Met+ods................................................................................................... 2
'*1 KPI Analysis Met,ods*************************************************************************************************** C
'*1*1 TOP ) 5orst #ells Met,od**********************************************************************************
'*& ?asi1 KPI Analysis S8ills********************************************************************************************* 10
'*&*1 KPI Monitorin+ Tools****************************************************************************************** 11
'*&*& KPI Analysis Tools*********************************************************************************************11
'*' General Pro1ess o$ KPI Optimization Analysis************************************************************1&
3 KPI Optimization Analysis .......................................................................................... 12
B*1 #S #all ;rop Optimization ***************************************************************************************** 1C
B*1*1 ;e$inition o$ #all ;rop*****************************************************************************************1C
B*1*& #S #all ;rop Analysis /lo:1,art************************************************************************1
B*& PS #all ;rop Optimization****************************************************************************************** 1D
B*&*1 Optimization /lo:1,art***************************************************************************************1D
B*' Optimization o$ A11essi0ility Indi1ators***********************************************************************&1
B*'*1 ;e$inition o$ A11ess /ailure********************************************************************************&1
B*'*& Analysis on ((# #onne1tion /ailures****************************************************************&&
B*'*' Analysis on (A?E(? Setup /ailures*******************************************************************&
B*B Optimization o$ Mo0ility Indi1ators*******************************************************************************''
B*B*1 Optimization o$ So$t <ando-ers**************************************************************************''
B*B*& Optimization o$ <ard <ando-ers*************************************************************************'D
B*B*' Optimization o$ Inter2(AT <ando-ers*****************************************************************BB
B*5 Optimization o$ (esour1e Indi1ators***************************************************************************B8
B*5*1 (esour1e Indi1ator Optimization /lo:1,art********************************************************BD
B*5*& #ode (esour1e Optimization******************************************************************************51
B*5*' Monitorin+ #" (esour1e************************************************************************************ 51
B*5*B Optimization o$ Po:er #ontrol****************************************************************************5&
B*5*5 Speedin+ up (ate ;o:n+rade****************************************************************************5&
B*5*C Monitorin+ and Optimizin+ Uplin8 #apa1ity********************************************************5&
B*5* Optimization o$ Uplin8 #apa1ity at t,e 5,ole )et:or8 >e-el*****************************5'
B*5*8 Optimization o$ Uplin8 #apa1ity $or a Sin+le #ell************************************************5'
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* .I
/IGU("S
i0u&e 141 5oint KPI analysis........................................................................................... 1
i0u&e /4/ !outine KPI monito&in0 p&o'ess.................................................................../
i0u&e /41 KPI monito&in0 p&o'ess du&in0 pa&amete& modi*i'ation.............................3
i0u&e /43 KPI monito&in0 ,o&6*lo, du&in0 !N# o& Node7 $e&sion up0&ade.............8
i0u&e 148 ! 'on*i0u&ation at %I# site...........................................................................9
i0u&e 142 Antenna ene&0y dist&i)ution at %I# site........................................................:
i0u&e 14; KPI optimization analysis p&o'ess .............................................................18
i0u&e 349 #S 'all d&op analysis *lo,'+a&t...................................................................1;
i0u&e 34: PS 'all d&op optimization *lo,'+a&t............................................................1:
i0u&e 341< Analysis *lo,'+a&t o* !!# 'onne'tion setup *ailu&es............................./1
i0u&e 3411 Analysis *lo,'+a&t o* !A7 setup *ailu&es................................................./9
i0u&e 341/ So*t +ando$e& optimization *lo,'+a&t.......................................................13
i0u&e 3411 %a&d +ando$e& optimization *lo,'+a&t......................................................31
i0u&e 3413 Inte&4!AT +ando$e& optimization *lo,'+a&t..............................................32
i0u&e 3418 !esou&'e indi'ato& optimization *lo,'+a&t...............................................3:
TA?>"S
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* .II
Ta)le 141 List o* #S TOP N -o&st #ells..........................................................................;
Ta)le 14/ Indi'ato&s !elated ,it+ #S #all (&op..............................................................:
Ta)le 341 Pa&amete&s T+at /G S+all P&o$ide to 1G......................................................33
Ta)le 343 Pa&amete&s T+at 1G S+all P&o$ide to /G......................................................33
Ta)le 348 !esou&'e KPIs and Ala&m T+&es+olds..........................................................39
Ta)le 342 Ad=ustin0 #ode !esou&'e Allo'ation............................................................81
Ta)le 34; E>ample o* Pa&amete& Modi*i'ation *o& !ate (o,n0&ade...........................8/
Ta)le 349 E>ample o* Po,e& #ont&ol Pa&amete& Modi*i'ation.....................................81
Ta)le 34: E>ample o* Po,e& #ont&ol Pa&amete& Modi*i'ation *o& %ea$y4T&a**i' #ell 81
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* .III
1 O$e&$ie,
T,e radio net:or8 KPIs dire1tly re$le1t t,e net:or8 Auality6 and KPI monitorin+ is an
important means to lo1ate t,e $aults* KPI monitorin+ and optimization are mostly
per$ormed durin+ t,e net:or8 operation and maintenan1e sta+e* A0normal e-ents are
supposed to 0e dete1ted as early as possi0le and ,andled :it, proper solutions so t,at
sound -oi1e and data ser-i1es 1an 0e ensured $or t,e su0s1ri0ers*
At t,e 0e+innin+ o$ t,e net:or8 1onstru1tion6 t,e optimization team s,ould put more
emp,asis on t,e (/ adFustment rat,er t,an t,e optimization o$ KPIs e=1ept $or #S 1all
drop rate6 t,e PS 1all drop rate6 and t,e (T5P indi1ator* ;urin+ t,e net:or8 operation
and maintenan1e sta+e6 KPI optimization 7also 1alled parameter optimization9 plays t,e
main role6 t,at is6 t,e optimization team s,ould optimize a 1ertain indi1ator t,rou+,
inte+rated parameter adFustment so as to meet t,e 1ustomerGs reAuirements*
KPI data 1omes $rom )et)umenT'16 t,e net:or8 mana+ement system in t,e operation
and maintenan1e 1enter 7OM#9* ?ased on t,e analysis on KPIs6 t,e 1urrent states o$
t,ose indi1ators are learned and t,ey are important re$eren1e $or assessin+ t,e net:or8
per$orman1e* T,e KPIs in1lude t,e net:or8 ser-i1e retainin+ 1apa1ity6 a11essi0ility6
mo0ility6 system 1apa1ity6 and so on* A11ordin+ to t,e 1urrent -alues o$ t,ese indi1ators6
$or e=ample6 some site ,as 1on+estion6 some site ,as a 1all drop rate o$ 10H6 or some
()# ,as a 1ertain :orst 1ell proportion6 0usy 1ell proportion6 1ell 1ode resour1e
a-aila0ility6 a11ess su11ess rate6 1all delay and ,ando-er su11ess rate6 t,e optimization
team s,ould Fud+e and lo1ate t,e area6 s1ope and se-erity o$ t,e $ault*
KPIs are di-ided into ser-i1e KPIs and net:or8 KPIs 0y t,e statisti1 sour1es* Ser-i1e
KPIs are 1olle1ted t,rou+, $ield dri-e tests 7;Ts9 :,ile net:or8 KPIs are 1olle1ted $rom
t,e uni$ied net:or8 mana+ement system* T,is arti1le mainly dis1usses t,e analysis on
net:or8 KPIs* Usually6 t,e $inal solution is made 0ased on t,e Foint analysis on t,e OM#
KPI data6 alarms6 su0s1ri0ersG 1omplaints6 and ;T results*
/i+ure 121 4oint KPI analysis
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 1
/ KPI Monito&in0 P&o'ess
T,e purpose o$ KPI monitorin+ is to $ind out a0normal e-ents t,at a$$e1t ser-i1es as :ell
as su0s1ri0ersG per1eption and sol-e t,e pro0lems as early as possi0le* /or instan1e6 i$
t,e 1all drop rate at a 1ertain site +oes o-er 50H6 :e need to $ind t,e pro0lem and :or8
out t,e solution in t,e earliest time*
As it is -ery ur+ent and important to lo1ate KPI pro0lems6 :e need a :,ole set o$
s1ienti$i1 KPI monitorin+ me1,anism and pro0lem s,ootin+ pro1ess6 as :ell as
appropriate monitorin+ tool and analysis tool to ,elp us $ind t,e 1all drops 1aused 0y
transmission pro0lems6 resour1e 1on+estion6 1ells ser-i1e interruption6 serious
inter$eren1e6 ,ard:are $ault :it, )ode?6 :ron+ 1on$i+uration o$ ()# parameters in time*
5e 1lassi$y KPI monitorin+ into $our 1ate+oriesI routine KPI monitorin+6 KPI monitorin+
durin+ t,e pro1ess o$ parameter modi$i1ation6 KPI monitorin+ durin+ t,e ()# or )ode?
-ersion up+rade6 and KPI monitorin+ durin+ t,e pro1ess o$ 1uto-er* (outine KPI
monitorin+ s,ould 0e per$ormed e-ery day and 0e re1orded in a KPI daily report6 :,i1,
s,ould in-ol-e t,e :orst #S 1ell6 t,e :orst PS 1ell6 t,e 1ell :it, t,e lo:est ((#
1onne1tion rate6 t,e 1ell :it, t,e most serious resour1e limit6 and so on*
/.1 KPI Monito&in0 P&o'ess
KPI monitorin+ $alls into $our 1ate+oriesI routine KPI monitorin+6 KPI monitorin+ durin+
t,e pro1ess o$ parameter modi$i1ation6 KPI monitorin+ durin+ t,e -ersion up+rade o$
()# or )ode?6 and KPI monitorin+ durin+ t,e pro1ess o$ 1uto-er* "a1, type o$
monitorin+ ,as its o:n monitorin+ items and output $orm* /or instan1e6 t,e output o$ t,e
routine KPI monitorin+ s,ould 0e a daily report6 :,ile t,e output o$ ot,er KPI monitorin+
types s,ould 0e a KPI 1omparison report* ;i$$erent types o$ KPI monitorin+ s,ould ,a-e
di$$erent time +ranularities a11ordin+ to t,e reAuirement o$ pro0lem lo1ation*
(outine KPI monitorin+ s,ould 0e done persistently and 0e re1orded in a daily report6
:,i1, s,ould in1lude a 1olle1tion o$ t,e 1ells :orst in di$$erent aspe1ts6 and 0e sent to
rele-ant person 0y email*
/./ !outine KPI Monito&in0 P&o'ess
/i+ure &2& (outine KPI monitorin+ pro1ess
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* &
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* '
Parameter pro0lem
<and to t,e plannin+
personnel
#lassi$i1atio
n o$ t,e
:orst 1ells
Pro0lem ,andlin+
team 1lassi$ies6
1olle1ts and lo1ates
t,e :orst 1ells
<and to t,e
net:or8
optimization
personnel
<and to
(@; dept*
or 1ustomer
ser-i1e dept*
Send email in $i=ed

$ormat to rele-ant
personnel
#o-era+e pro0lem
"AuipmentE
-ersion
pro0lem
S1reen out t,e
:orst 1ells :it,
KPI tool
"MS e=ports t,e
one2day +ranularity
o$ t,e :,ole
net:or8
Output KPI daily
report in "=1el
/.1 KPI Monito&in0 P&o'ess (u&in0 Pa&amete&
Modi*i'ation
/i+ure &2' KPI monitorin+ pro1ess durin+ parameter modi$i1ation
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* B
/.3 KPI Monito&in0 (u&in0 !N# o& Node7 Ve&sion
Up0&ade
/i+ure &2B KPI monitorin+ :or8$lo: durin+ ()# or )ode? -ersion up+rade
Jes
)o
)o
"nd
>o1ate t,e :orst
1ells* ;etermine
:,et,er t,ey are
related :it, t,e
-ersion update*
Jes
)et:or8 KPI
monitorin+
15 minutes time
+ranularity
"=e1ute t,e
:or8s,eet to
up+rade -ersion
Output $ormal 5ord report
7#ompare t,e ,ourly
+ranularity KPIs 0e$ore and
a$ter t,e parameter
modi$i1ation6 and output t,e
result e-ery ,our*9
5,et,er t,e
()#2le-el
KPI is
normal
Keep on monitorin+
715 minutes
+ranularity9
Send mail to or
1all t,e person
in 1,ar+e
(oll0a18 or
not
#urrent -ersion
/.8 KPI Monito&in0 (u&in0 #uto$e&
/or t,e net:or8 on :,i1, t,e eAuipment needs to 0e repla1ed 7$or instan1e6 <on+Kon+
#S> net:or86 $or :,i1, :e repla1ed )o8iaGs eAuipment :it, !T"Gs96 a$ter t,e net:or8
optimization is 1ompleted6 t,e su0s1ri0ers on t,e e=istin+ net:or8 s,ould 0e 1ut o-er to
our net:or8 +radually* ;urin+ t,e 1uto-er6 t,ere :ill 0e su0s1ri0ers re+isterin+ on our
net:or8 1onstantly6 :,i1, :ill 1ause load in1rease on t,e net:or8* In t,is 1ase6 :e
s,ould :at1, KPI 1,an+es 1losely* T,e monitorin+ pro1ess6 items6 met,od and report
are t,e same as t,ose des1ri0ed in se1tion &*B6 KKPI Monitorin+ ;urin+ ()# or )ode?
.ersion Up+rade*L Please read it $or re$eren1e*
1 KPI Analysis Met+ods
1.1 KPI Analysis Met+ods
;i$$erent net:or8 pro0lems reAuire di$$erent per$orman1e analysis met,ods* #,oose one
or more appropriate met,ods a$ter learnin+ t,e runnin+ state o$ t,e e=istin+ net:or8 and
t,e pro0lems :it, it* #ommon analysis met,ods are as $ollo:sI
TOP ) :orst 1ells met,odI ?ased on t,e tra$$i1 statisti1s indi1ators :e 1are a0out 7su1,
as t,e 1all drop rate6 1onne1tion rate6 and so$t ,ando$$ $ailure rate96 1,oose ) :orst 1ells
:,ose a-era+e indi1ator -alues in t,e pea8 ,ours or o$ t,e :,ole day are t,e lo:est as
t,e tar+et o$ $ault analysis and optimization* Or prioritize o0Fe1ts o$ optimization a+ainst
t,ese indi1ator -alues*
Time tenden1y 1,art met,odI Tenden1y 1,art o$ indi1ator 1,an+e is 1ommonly used in
t,e tra$$i1 analysis* T,e analysis en+ineer 1an :or8 out an ,ourly6 daily or :ee8ly
tenden1y 1,art o$ one or more indi1ators o$ t,e :,ole net:or86 a 1luster6 or a sin+le 1ell6
and $ind out t,e 1,an+e rule o$ tra$$i1 statisti1s indi1ators*
(e+ional lo1ation met,odI T,e 1,an+e o$ net:or8 per$orman1e indi1ators o$ten o11urs in
some re+ions* T,e indi1ators in t,ese re+ions may 0e :orsened 0y tra$$i1 in1rease6
tra$$i1 mode 1,an+e6 radio en-ironment 1,an+e6 $aults :it, a small num0er o$ stations6
or uplin8Edo:nlin8 inter$eren1e6 :,i1, :ill t,ere$ore a$$e1t t,e per$orman1e indi1ators o$
t,e :,ole net:or8* ?y 1omparin+ t,e net:or8 per$orman1e indi1ators 0e$ore and a$ter
t,e 1,an+e6 :e 1an mar8 out t,e station or t,e se1tor :it, t,e +reatest indi1ator 1,an+e
on an ele1troni1 map6 and ta8e t,ese pro0lem re+ions as t,e analysis $o1us*
#omparison met,odI A sin+le tra$$i1 statisti1s indi1ator may 0e a$$e1ted 0y many $a1tors*
5,ile some $a1tors 1,an+e6 ot,ers may not* #,oose a proper o0Fe1t $or 1omparison to
1on$irm t,e e=isten1e o$ pro0lems6 and t,en analyze t,e 1auses o$ t,e pro0lems* 5,en
e=aminin+ an indi1ator6 do not 1are :,et,er t,e a0solute indi1ator -alue is ,i+, or lo:
only6 pay more attention to :,et,er t,e -alue is ,i+, or lo: 1ompared to ot,er indi1ators
instead*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* C
1.1.1 TOP N -o&st #ells Met+od
;urin+ t,e :,ole pro1ess o$ KPI optimization analysis6 TOP ) :orst 1ells analysis
met,od is t,e most e$$e1ti-e one6 :,i1, 1an 0e used t,rou+,out t,e :,ole optimization
p,ase* ?y $o1usin+ on t,e TOP ) :orst 1ells6 you 1an sol-e t,e maFor pro0lems :it, t,e
net:or8* A0normal 1all drop e-ents may ,appen e-ery day6 and t,ese e-ents may
represent pro0lems o$ a 8ind* A$ter sol-in+ t,e pro0lems :it, TOP ) 1ells6 you 1an sol-e
t,e pro0lems o$ t,e same 8ind* T,ere$ore6 $o1usin+ on TOP ) 1ells is one o$ t,e most
e$$e1ti-e :ays to sol-e pro0lems*
TOP ) :orst 1ells analysis met,od is appli1a0le to t,e optimization analysis o$ all t,e
indi1ators* #,oose TOP ) :orst 1ells a11ordin+ to a 1ertain t,res,old6 :,i1, -aries
dependin+ on di$$erent indi1ators* ) stands $or t,e num0er o$ t,e :orst 1ells* 5,en t,e
:orst 1ells are too many to 0e :or8ed on6 t,e num0er o$ t,e :orst 1ells 1an 0e
de1reased so t,at you 1an $o1us on t,em* TOP ) 1ells analysis met,od in1ludes t,e
$ollo:in+ stepsI
Step 1I S1reen out TOP ) 1ells a11ordin+ to t,e 1ondition o$ t,e indi1ators you 1are
a0out*
Step &I #ondu1t a ,ealt, 1,e18 $or TOP ) 1ells* #,e18 :,et,er t,ere are any pro0lems
:it, transmission or 0oards6 and 1,e18 :,et,er t,e :orst 1ells are 1aused 0y e=ternal
a0rupt in1idents6 su1, as terri0le :eat,er6 +at,erin+s6 or ,oliday 70e1ause durin+
+at,erin+s and ,olidays t,e tra$$i1 is usually ,ea-y9*
Step 'I #,e18 t,e radio parameters 1on$i+uration o$ t,ese 1ells6 t,e radius o$ t,ese 1ells
and t,eir nei+,0orin+ 1ells6 and 1ompare t,em :it, t,e normal 1ells*
Step BI "=port t,e indi1ator rele-ant most 1losely :it, t,e indi1ators you 1are a0out and
analyze it to $ind t,e pro0lem indire1tly*
/or instan1e6 one day6 #S 1all drop rate o$ a :,ole net:or8 :as ,i+,* 5e analyzed t,e
pro0lem 0y t,e TOP ) 1ells analysis met,od*
Step 1I S1reen out TOP ) 1ells a11ordin+ to t,e 1ondition o$ t,e indi1ators you 1are
a0out*
5e used t,e #)O KPI analysis $un1tion to s1reen out TOP ) 1ells 7ot,er tools 1an 0e
also used96 and sele1ted 10 1ells :it, t,e ,i+,est #S 1all drop rate*
Ta0le '21 >ist o$ #S TOP ) 5orst #ells
Inde> #ell !NS su)net I( #ell I(
#all d&op
&ate? #S AM!
Num)e& o* 'all
d&op? $oi'e
1 !?>1U2AI21 7&019 1&D11 B1*58H 55'
& !?>1U2AI2' 7&019 1&D1' 'D*55H 5B5
' <K"1U25<2 7&0'9 '0BC1 15*5CH '0
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed*
Inde> #ell !NS su)net I( #ell I(
#all d&op
&ate? #S AM!
Num)e& o* 'all
d&op? $oi'e
1
B
<K"1U25<2
'
7&0'9 '0BC' 15*81H 'C0
5
>AK1U2DM2
'
7&0&9 110C' '*'DH &8&
C <I#1U2D(21 ()#10171019 108D1 &*&CH &1C
>AK1U2DM2
1
7&0&9 110C1 &*BDH &15
8
"?P1U2D(2
'
()#10171019 1&8&' &*'0H &05
D
S(S1U25<2
1
()#10&2
#S>710&9
1&0D1 '*D&H 1CD
10
<(M1U2C(2
1
()#10&2
#S>710&9
&0C1 '*B1H 1C
Step &I #,e18 t,e transmission and ,ard:are o$ t,e TOP ) 1ells and 1,e18 :,et,er
t,ey are 1aused 0y e=ternal a0rupt in1idents6 su1, as terri0le :,et,er6 +at,erin+s6 or
,olidays :,en tra$$i1 is usually ,ea-y*
And t,en6 :e 1ondu1ted a ,ealt, 1,e18 $or ea1, 1ell and paid attention to routine alarms
and ?P# 0oard pro0lems* 5e $ound t,ere :ere 0ro8en asso1iations in some <K" sites*
Step 'I #,e18 t,e radio parameters 1on$i+uration o$ t,ese 1ells6 t,e radius o$ t,ese 1ells
and t,eir nei+,0orin+ 1ells6 and 1ompare t,em :it, t,e normal 1ells*
719Pro0lem :it, t,e 1ell radiusI A$ter t,e 1,e186 :e $ound t,e 1ell radius o$ t,e >AK site
:as &*5 8m* ?e1ause t,e >AK site :as situated 0y t,e sea and t,e antenna :as pla1ed
-ery ,i+,6 t,e radius o$ &*5 8m :as $ar $rom enou+,* So :e 1,an+ed t,e 1ell radius to 10
8m6 and t,e pro0lem o$ ,i+, 1all drop rate :as t,us sol-ed*
7&9Pro0lem :it, 1on$i+urationI <I# site is an indoor POI site* T,e ((U (=T= port and
t,e ((U (= port :ere 1on$i+ured re-ersely6 :,i1, is t,e 1ause o$ ,i+, 1all drop rate*
A$ter modi$yin+ <I#6 :e $ound t,at si+nals o$ t,e se1ond ((U :ere re1ei-ed 0y t,e (=
port* So :e 1,an+ed t,e 1on$i+uration o$ t,e (=T= port and t,e (= port6 t,e pro0lem o$
,i+, 1all drop rate :as t,us sol-ed*
/i+ure '25 (/ 1on$i+uration at <I# site
/i+ure '2C Antenna ener+y distri0ution at <I# site
Step BI "=port t,e indi1ator rele-ant most 1losely :it, t,e indi1ators you 1are a0out and
analyze it to $ind t,e pro0lem indire1tly*
Ta0le '2& Indi1ators (elated :it, #S #all ;rop
Inde> #ell
!A7 &elease
num)e& *o& Iu
'onne'tion
&elease &e@uest
)y UT!AN *o&
#S domain in
'ell? &adio
'onne'tion
,it+ UE lost
!A7 &elease
num)e& *o& Iu
'onne'tion
&elease &e@uest
)y UT!AN *o&
#S domain in
'ell? *ailu&e in
t+e &adio
Inte&*a'e
p&o'edu&e
!A7 &elease
num)e& *o& Iu
'onne'tion
&elease
&e@uest )y
UT!AN *o&
#S domain in
'ell? &elease
due to
o$e&load
'ont&ol
!A7 &elease
num)e& *o& Iu
'onne'tion
&elease
&e@uest )y
UT!AN *o&
#S domain in
'ell?
unspe'i*ied
*ailu&e
A$e&a0e
'ell *&e@
!T-P
Ad)mB
1
!?>1U2
AI21
B8& B' 0 &D 210B*1
&
!?>1U2
AI2'
B' B0 0 '' 210B*1&5
'
<K"1U2
5<21
'BC 1C 0 8 2105*D08
B
<K"1U2
5<2'
''0 18 0 1' 210C*0
5
>AK1U2
DM2'
CD 1DC 0 18 210'*1D0C
C
<I#1U2
D(21
100 100 0 1C 2101*5B0B
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* D
Inde> #ell
!A7 &elease
num)e& *o& Iu
'onne'tion
&elease &e@uest
)y UT!AN *o&
#S domain in
'ell? &adio
'onne'tion
,it+ UE lost
!A7 &elease
num)e& *o& Iu
'onne'tion
&elease &e@uest
)y UT!AN *o&
#S domain in
'ell? *ailu&e in
t+e &adio
Inte&*a'e
p&o'edu&e
!A7 &elease
num)e& *o& Iu
'onne'tion
&elease
&e@uest )y
UT!AN *o&
#S domain in
'ell? &elease
due to
o$e&load
'ont&ol
!A7 &elease
num)e& *o& Iu
'onne'tion
&elease
&e@uest )y
UT!AN *o&
#S domain in
'ell?
unspe'i*ied
*ailu&e
A$e&a0e
'ell *&e@
!T-P
Ad)mB
>AK1U2
DM21
CB 1'1 0 &0 210'*1D'B
8
"?P1U2
D(2'
D8 D0 0 1 2101*B1'
D
S(S1U2
5<21
8 5D 0 && 210B*'5&8
10
<(M1U
2C(21
B& 111 0 1' 210&*CD
1./ 7asi' KPI Analysis S6ills
?e a0le to use t,e KPI statisti1s tool and t,e analysis tool
Use tools to learn a0out t,e runnin+ state o$ t,e :,ole net:or8 Aui18ly6 and s1reen
out TOP ) :orst 1ells Aui18ly*
Use di$$erent analysis tools to $ind pro0lems $rom di$$erent aspe1ts and lo1ate t,e
pro0lem Aui18ly*
Understand t,e si+nalin+ pro1ess and 0asi1 prin1iple
In t,e pro1ess o$ a0normity lo1ation6 8eep a 1lear aim in mind6 and 0e a0le to apply t,e
pro1ess and 0asi1 prin1iple to 1,e18 t,e ot,er rele-ant indi1ators rapidly to $a1ilitate t,e
analysis*
?e $amiliar :it, t,e pro1ess and 0asi1 prin1iple and 0e a0le to ma8e lo+i1al asso1iation
0et:een a0normal KPI pro0lems and net:or8 pro0lems 7su1, as t,e 1o-era+e pro0lem
and t,e inter$eren1e pro0lem9* ?e a0le to determine t,e pro0lem nature a11ordin+ to t,e
a0normal KPI6 and t,en 1,oose t,e appropriate tool to analyze t,e pro0lem in dept,*
Per$orman1e analysis reAuires en+ineers to understand 0asi1 si+nalin+ pro1ess6 0e
$amiliar :it, t,e proto1ol sta18s o$ standard inter$a1es6 and 8no: rele-ant al+orit,ms to
realize t,e produ1t $un1tions* "n+ineers s,ould at least ,a-e a 1on1ept a0out t,e
-arious al+orit,ms* I$ t,e analysis o$ a 1ommer1ial net:or8 in-ol-es some al+orit,ms6
en+ineers s,ould study t,ese al+orit,ms in dept,*
1./.1 KPI Monito&in0 Tools
)et:or8 mana+ement tool )et)umenT'1I 1ount KPI ori+inal data6 alarm data6
radio parameter 1on$i+uration in 1ells6 and parameter 1on$i+uration on t,e
eart,*
KPI daily report +eneratin+ toolI 1lassi$y 8ey indi1ators a11ordin+ to a 1ertain
1ondition6 and s1reen out t,e :orst 1ells*
1././ KPI Analysis Tools
#NO Tool. #)O tool ,as t,e KPI analysis $un1tion* So usin+ it6 you 1an
s1reen out t,e :orst 1ells a11ordin+ to -arious 1onditions6 and point out t,e
1orrespondin+ 1ounter o$ an indi1ator*
Si0nalT&a'e. Tra1e t,e si+nalin+ 7()> si+nalin+ and ()> si+nalin+9 o$ ()#
inter$a1es6 :,i1, in1ludes t,e Iu inter$a1e6 t,e Iur inter$a1e6 t,e Iu0 inter$a1e
and t,e Uu inter$a1e 7t,e si+nalin+ $lo: 0et:een ()# and U" at ((# layer9*
And ()> si+nalin+ tra1e is a 1ommon :ay $or lo1atin+ t,e KPI pro0lem* ?ein+
a0le to tra1e t,e ()# si+nalin+ is a 0asi1 reAuirement $or t,e on2site KPI
optimization en+ineers and t,e net:or8 optimization and maintenan1e
en+ineers* T,is si+nalin+ tra1in+ tool is -ery po:er$ul6 :,i1, 1an tra1e
si+nalin+ a11ordin+ to t,e U" 1ell and IMSI in t,e KPI analysis* A11ordin+ to
t,e U" 1ell6 it 1an tra1e t,e si+nalin+ o$ multiple su0s1ri0ers6 :,ile a11ordin+
to IMSI6 it 1an tra1e t,e si+nalin+ o$ only one su0s1ri0er* <o:e-er6 i$ t,e ((#
1onne1tion is not esta0lis,ed yet6 si+nalin+ 1annot 0e tra1ed* T,at is 0e1ause
only :,en ((# 1onne1tion ,as 0een esta0lis,ed6 1an t,e ()# o0tain t,e
su0s1ri0erGs IMSI $rom t,e #)*
!N# ASS Lo0. ASS lo+ is usually applied :,en t,ere is a0normity and ()#
si+nalin+ is out o$ tra1e* In t,is 1ase6 use ASS lo+ to analyze t,e si+nalin+
0e$ore and a$ter t,e a0normity o11urs* A0normity 1an 0e Aueried a11ordin+ to
IMSI or 1ell I;* ASS lo+ 1an 0e also used to 1olle1t -arious a0normities*
Node7 LMT. )ode? lo1al operation and maintenan1e tool* Apart $rom all t,e
operation $un1tions o$ t,e OM#?6 t,is tool 1an 1olle1t more detailed
in$ormation a0out 1ells and U"* )ode? lo1al maintenan1e terminals in1ludeI
"OMS6 "/MS6 ;MS6 and PMS*
Node7 A)no&mity P&o)e. On t,e site o$ 5#;MA 1ommer1ial o$$i1e6 )ode?
a0normity pro0e is an e$$e1ti-e tool to monitor t,e runnin+ state o$ t,e )ode?*
"-ery module o$ )ode? 1an re1ord t,e a0normal in$ormation automati1ally6
:,i1, ma8es it easy to lo1ate pro0lems* <o:e-er t,is met,od reAuires
pro$essional 8no:led+e6 su1, as 8no:led+e a0out t,e $un1tion and inter$a1e
o$ ea1, module or 0oard* I$ t,e on2site en+ineers 1annot ma8e t,e simple
analysis6 t,ey 1an Fust o0tain t,e a0normity pro0e and send it to t,e (@;
en+ineers at t,e rear side* T,e a0normities reported on t,e )ode? :ill 0e
stored at t,e OM#? ser-er a11ordin+ to di$$erent ()#s* To 1ondu1t )ode?
a0normity pro0e analysis6 you need to do:nload a0normity pro0e $iles $rom
di$$erent OM#? ser-ers and t,en use t,e a0normity pro0e tool to ma8e a
1ompre,ensi-e analysis*
#TS Tool. #TS is a tool de-eloped 0y t,e #) department6 :,i1, 1an tra1e
si+nalin+ in dept, a11ordin+ to IMSI6 and tra1e si+nalin+ a1ross ()#s* So t,is
is parti1ularly suita0le to tra1e .IP su0s1ri0ers* In t,is 1ase6 #TS is easier to
use t,an Si+nalTra1e6 :,i1, 1an only tra1e si+nalin+ o$ ()#s one 0y one*
#TS 1an tra1e t,e intera1ti-e si+nalin+ 0et:een net:or8 elements 7)"s9
:it,in t,e #)6 as :ell as t,e si+nalin+ o$ t,e Iu inter$a1e and t,e Uu inter$a1e*
T,is 8ind o$ si+nalin+ tra1in+ is :,at :e 1alled in2dept, tra1in+* T,e :or8
prin1iple o$ #TS is to set up an IMSI tas8 on t,e #TS ser-er and send it to t,e
#) $ront side6 :,i1, :ill t,en send t,is tas8 to ea1, #) module -ia t,e
inter$a1es dedi1ated to t,e #) modules and t,e ()#6 and t,en ea1, module6
a$ter re1ei-in+ t,e si+nalin+ related to t,e IMSI tas86 :ill send t,e si+nalin+
0a18 to t,e #TS ser-er -ia t,e #) $ront side* T,e inter$a1es mentioned a0o-e
are pri-ate inter$a1es6 so t,is tool 1an only support our o:n #) and ()#*
#TS si+nalin+ 1an 0e 1,e18ed and analyzed :it, an o$$line tool6 0ut t,e o$$line
tool does not :or8 -ery :ell 0e1ause o$ t,e la18 o$ 1ontinuous optimization
and per$e1tion*
UE lo0. ;T test is also an important au=iliary :ay in analyzin+ KPI indi1ators*
T,ere are many pro0lems t,at 1annot 0e lo1ated 0y tra1in+ si+nalin+ at t,e
net:or8 side6 and 1an only 0e lo1ated 0y t,e use o$ U" lo+* T,e 1ommonly
used dri-e test so$t:are in1ludesI 3M;MEAP"M 73#AT96 #)TE#A) and
T"MS* #)TE#A) and T"MS are o$ten used $or net:or8 optimization* /or t,e
use o$ #)TE#A)6 please re$er to t,e 1orrespondin+ ,elp $ile and t,e
instru1tion do1ument pu0li1ly released 0y t,e )et:or8 Optimization Tool
;epartment* 3M;M and t,e analysis tool AP"M 73#AT9 pro-ided 0y
3ual1omm is -ery po:er$ul6 :,i1, ,a-e 1ontri0uted a lot $or t,e sta0ility and
maturity o$ our system $or many years*
1.1 Gene&al P&o'ess o* KPI Optimization Analysis
?asi1 analyzin+ ideasI
KPI optimization is a pro1ess to $ind and sol-e pro0lems* KPI optimization durin+ t,e
operation and maintenan1e sta+e is mainly to pi18 out t,e per$orman1e data t,at needs
spe1ial attention $rom t,e OM#6 1lassi$y t,ese per$orman1e data6 and t,en 1ompare t,e
-alue o$ t,ese data :it, t,at reAuired 0y t,e operator* I$ t,e -alue o$ an indi1ator is lo:er
t,an t,e operatorGs reAuirement6 analyze t,is indi1ator and $ind out t,e $a1tor t,at a$$e1t
t,e indi1ator6 and t,en propose a solution to t,e operator* I$ t,e -alues are ,i+,er t,an
t,e operatorGs reAuirement6 t,ereGs no need to pay spe1ial attention to t,em*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 1&
KPI analysis is a pro1ess $rom t,e :,ole to t,e part*
Step 1I #,e18 t,e 8ey indi1ators $rom t,e -ie: o$ t,e :,ole net:or8* I$ t,ere is not any
pro0lem6 Fust i+nore t,em* Ot,er:ise6 try to lo1ate t,e ()# )" t,at ,as t,e pro0lem*
Step &I Analyze t,e indi1ators o$ t,e 1orrespondin+ ()# to $ind out t,e ()# :,ose
indi1ators ,a-e t,e pro0lem*
Step 'I Analyze t,e indi1ators o$ t,e 1ell under t,e pro0lem ()# to $ind out t,e :orst
1ells or TOP ) 1ells* I$ t,e indi1ators o$ all t,e 1ells under t,e ()# are tend to 0e lo:6 it
is a 1ommon pro0lem pro0a0ly 1aused 0y parameter 1on$i+uration* And t,en 1,e18
:,et,er t,e radio parameter 1on$i+uration in t,e 1ells under t,is ()# is t,e same as
t,at in t,e 1ells under t,e normal ()#s*
Step BI Ma8e a 1ompre,ensi-e analysis on t,e KPIs6 alarms6 ;T test data6 and
1ustomer 1omplains o$ t,e :orst 1ells to $ind out a solution*
Analysis met,odI
A$ter learnin+ t,e KPI analysis ideas6 :e must 8no: some 1ommon KPI analysis
met,ods to rule out 1auses o$ pro0lems $rom t,e o0-ious ones to t,e ,idden ones*
/or e=ample6 :e $ound t,at t,e T#P 1ode :ords :ere stri1tly limited at ei+,t sites near a
par86 and t,e 1all drop rate rose suddenly* <o: to sol-e t,is pro0lemN
Met,od oneI /irst6 :e 1,e18ed :,et,er t,e alarms6 transmission6 and 0oards o$ t,ese
sites :ere normal* A$ter t,ey are pro-ed all normal6 :e sent some en+ineers to t,e site
to do test* And mean:,ile6 :e tra1ed t,e ()# si+nalin+ at t,e OM#* It turned out t,at
t,e test result :as normal6 and t,e indi1ators o$ t,ese sites o$ t,at day did not ,a-e any
pro0lem and 1ode :ords :ere not limited* And later :e 8ne: $rom t,e ne:s t,at t,ere
:as a 0i+ +at,erin+ o$ a0out one million people at t,e par8 at t,at moment* Until t,en :e
1ame to 8no: t,at t,e 1on+estion :as 1aused 0y too many users usin+ t,e net:or8 at
t,e same time*
Met,od t:oI /irst6 0e1ause t,e ei+,t sites :ent :orse all o$ a sudden6 it :as unli8ely t,at
t,e pro0lem lied in t,e ,ard:are* T,en :e 1,e18ed :,et,er t,e radio parameters ,ad
0een modi$ied t,e day 0e$ore* T,e result is no :or8s,eet ,ad 0een issued to modi$y
t,ose parameters6 and no alarm :as $ound at t,ose sites* T,ere$ore6 :e e=1luded t,e
possi0ility o$ ,ard:are pro0lem* T,en :e 1,e18ed t,e tra$$i1 trend +rap, o$ t,e last $e:
days 7o-er se-en days9 and $ound t,at t,e ,i+, 1all drop rate mi+,t 0e 1aused 0y ,i+,
tra$$i1* T,e +rap, s,o:ed t,at tra$$i1 o$ ea1, site rose suddenly on t,e day 0e$ore* T,us
:e 1ame to t,e 1on1lusion t,at t,is :as an a0normal a0rupt e-ent6 :,i1, may ,a-e
0een 1aused 0y a +at,erin+* And later :e :ere told t,at t,ere :as a 0i+ +at,erin+ at t,e
par8* So :e :ere assured t,e 1ode :ords limitation and ,i+, 1all drop rate at t,e ei+,t
sites :ere 1aused 0y too many su0s1ri0ers usin+ t,e net:or8 at t,e same time*
?y 1omparin+ t,e t:o met,ods a0o-e6 :e 1an $ind t,at alt,ou+, t,e $irst one 7sendin+
en+ineers to t,e site6 :it,out t,e 1onsideration o$ a0normal e-ents9 is 1ommonly used6 it
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 1'
is ine$$i1ient and 1osts more resour1e* T,e se1ond met,od 7analyzin+ t,e pro0lem 0y
t,e means o$ e=1lusion and asso1iation9 is more e$$i1ient* /rom t,is 1ase6 :e :ould li8e
to emp,asize t,at KPI analysis is a pro1ess o$ pro0lem e=1lusion* Usin+ t,e
1ompre,ensi-e met,ods 7li8e Met,od One9 at t,e $irst 0rus, may 0e ma8in+ a detour*
"=1lusion met,odI #,e18 t,e alarms on t,e OM# to learn a0out t,e state o$
t,e ()#6 )ode?6 ?P# 0oard6 and t,e transmission* I$ t,ere are o0-ious
0ro8en lin8 in transmission or ,ard:are pro0lem6 t,e 1ause o$ t,e pro0lem is
easy to lo1ate*
In1ident asso1iationI I$ t,e pro0lem is :it, a +reat num0er o$ sites6 ta8e a0rupt
in1idents into a11ount6 su1, as lar+e2s1ale +at,erin+6 terri0le :eat,er o$
in1orre1t operation* T,ese in1idents :ill put in$luen1e o$ di$$erent le-els and
ran+es on t,e net:or8 indi1ators*
#omparison o$ radio parametersI I$ some site +oes :ron+ in a sudden6 1,e18
:,et,er t,e radio parameter 1on$i+uration o$ t,is site is 1onsistent :it, t,at o$
ot,er normal sites* I$ not6 1,an+e it as t,at o$ t,e normal sites6 0e1ause t,e
indi1ator de1rease may 0e 1aused 0y an in1orre1t modi$i1ation o$ radio
parameters*
(ele-ant indi1ators asso1iationI I$ a 1ertain indi1ator is in poor 1ondition6
1,e18 its rele-ant indi1ators and $ind t,e 1ommon pro0lem $rom t,ese rele-ant
indi1ators*
#ompre,ensi-e pro0lem lo1ationI 5,en t,e a0o-e reasons are e=1luded6 use
;T data6 KPI data6 ()# si+nalin+ analysis data to lo1ate t,e pro0lem :it,
indi1ators 1ompre,ensi-ely*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 1B
/i+ure '2 KPI optimization analysis pro1ess
3 KPI Optimization Analysis
T,is 1,apter mainly demonstrates ,o: to analyze t,e indi1ator pro0lems $rom t,e aspe1t
o$ OM# data6 and pro-ides $lo:1,arts $or KPI optimization* T,e detailed analyzin+
met,od and 1ases o$ e-ery spe1ial su0Fe1t 1an 0e 1,e18ed in t,e optimization +uides o$
all t,e su0Fe1ts*
3.1 #S #all (&op Optimization
T,e #S 1all drop rate is t,e most important indi1ator in KPI optimization*
3.1.1 (e*inition o* #all (&op
A$ter 1,e18in+ t,e si+nalin+ on t,e Uu inter$a1e at t,e U" side6 t,e en+ineer 1an Fud+e
t,e situation a 1all drop i$ t,e Uu inter$a1e messa+e satis$ies one o$ t,e $ollo:in+ t,ree
1onditions durin+ t,e 1allin+ pro1ess 7in 1onne1tion9*
RNC Release is not re1ei-ed6 0ut t,e U" 1ondition 1,an+es $rom #">>O;#< to I;>"*
RRC Release is re1ei-ed and t,e released 1ause -alue is Not Normal.
One o$ t,e $ollo:in+ t,ree messa+es : CC Disconnect6 CC Release Complete6 and CC
Release is re1ei-ed6 and t,e released 1ause -alue is Not Normal Clearing or Not
Normal, Unspecified*
In a 0oard sense6 t,e 1all drop in1ludes t,e 1all drop rates o$ #) and UT(A)* T,e 1all
drop o$ UT(A) in1ludes t,e $ollo:in+ t:o aspe1tsI
A$ter t,e su11ess$ul ser-i1e esta0lis,ment6 ()# sends t,e RAB Release Request to
#)*
A$ter t,e su11ess$ul ser-i1e esta0lis,ment6 ()# sends t,e IU Release Request to #)*
>ater6 ()# re1ei-es t,e IU Release Command $rom #)*
)ote t,at (A) 1all drop statisti1s6 :,i1, is de$ined $rom t,e aspe1t o$ lu inter$a1e
si+nalin+6 means t,e laun1,in+ times o$ RAB Release Request and lu Release Request
o$ ()#* And t,e ;T 1all drop statisti1s is de$ined $rom t,e aspe1ts o$ t,e Uu inter$a1e
messa+e6 non2a11ess stratum messa+e and 1ause -alue* (A) 1all drop statisti1s and
;T 1all drop statisti1s are not e=a1tly t,e same*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 1C
3.1./ #S #all (&op Analysis lo,'+a&t
/i+ure B28 #S 1all drop analysis $lo:1,art
3./ PS #all (&op Optimization
3./.1 Optimization lo,'+a&t
/i+ure B2D PS 1all drop optimization $lo:1,art
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 1D
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* &0
3.1 Optimization o* A''essi)ility Indi'ato&s
A11essi0ility per$orman1e in1ludes t,e su11ess rate o$ ((# 1onne1tion setup and t,e
su11ess rate o$ #SEPS (A? assi+nment* T,ese t:o 8inds o$ KPIs play important roles in
t,e net:or8 optimization and dire1tly in$luen1e t,e su11ess rate o$ #SEPS ser-i1e
esta0lis,ment* In t,is do1ument6 t,is 8ind o$ pro0lems are $ound $rom t,e aspe1t o$ OM#
data6 and sol-ed t,rou+, parameter optimization*
3.1.1 (e*inition o* A''ess ailu&e
/or t,e mo0ile ori+inated 1all in t,e #S domain6 t,e a11ess $ailure e-ent means t,at t,e
U" sends RRC REQUES, and I" esta0lis, 1ause is Ori+inatin+ #on-ersational #all6
0ut alertin+ o$ t,e dire1t trans$er messa+e is not re1ei-ed*
T,e rele-ant e-ents are de$ined as $ollo:s in t,e a11ess $ailure sta+e*
((# 1onne1tion setup $ailureI A$ter 1onsiderin+ t,e resendin+ times and t,e :aitin+
time6 t,e U" sends RRC C!NNECI!N REQUES, and does not re1ei-e t,e response
$rom ()# or RRC C!NNECI!N RE"EC deli-ered 0y ()#*
Initial dire1t trans$er and se1urity mode esta0lis,ment $ailureI A$ter sendin+ RRC
C!NNECI!N SEU# C!$#%EE6 t,e U" does not send NAS SEU#*
(A? assi+nment $ailureI A$ter re1ei-in+ CA%% #R!CEEDIN&6 t,e U" does not re1ei-e
RB SEU# deli-ered 0y ()#* Or t,e U" replies :it, RB SEU# 'AI% a$ter re1ei-in+
RB SEU#* Or t,e U" re1ei-es DISC!NNEC :it, t,e 1ause -alue not 0ein+ Normal
Release a$ter re1ei-in+ RB SEU#* At t,is time6 t,e U" ,as not reported RB SEU#
C$#*
/ailure a$ter (A? assi+nmentI A$ter t,e U" sends RB SEU# C!$#%EE6 t,e
ori+inatin+ U" re1ei-es DISC!NNEC(RE%EASE $rom #)* Or t,e U" :aits C!NNEC
or A%ERIN& o-ertime6 and laun1,es t,e #all #learin+ pro1essP Or t,e U" 0e1omes
I;>" 0e$ore re1ei-in+ Alerting6 and starts to re1ei-e t,e system messa+e*
/or t,e mo0ile terminated in t,e #S domain6 t,e a11ess $ailure e-ent means t,at t,e
terminatin+ U" re1ei-es t,e pa+in+ o$ pa+in+ type 16 and does not send RRC
C!NNECI!N REQUES :it, t,e 1ause -alue 0ein+ Terminatin+ #on-ersational #all*
Or t,e U" does not send t,e alertin+ o$ dire1t trans$er messa+e to #) a$ter sendin+
RRC C!NNECI!N REQUES*
T,e rele-ant e-ents are de$ined as $ollo:s in t,e a11ess $ailure sta+e*
((# 1onne1tion setup $ailureI A$ter sendin+ RRC C!NNECI!N REQUES6 t,e U"
does not re1ei-e t,e response $rom ()# or RRC C!NNECI!N RE"EC deli-ered 0y
()#*
Initial dire1t trans$er and se1urity mode esta0lis,ment $ailureI A$ter sendin+ RRC
C!NNECI!N SEU# C!$#%EE6 t,e U" does not re1ei-e t,e SEU# dire1t trans$er
messa+e* Or t,e U" sends RE%EASE C!$#%EE* Or t,e U" re1ei-es DISC!NNEC
$rom #)*
(A? assi+nment $ailureI T,e U" does not re1ei-e RB SEU# deli-ered 0y ()# a$ter
sendin+ CA%% C!N'IR$* Or t,e U" replies :it, RB SEU# 'AI% a$ter re1ei-in+ RB
SEU#* Or t,e U" re1ei-es DISC!NNEC :it, t,e 1ause -alue not 0ein+ )ormal
(elease a$ter re1ei-in+ RB SEU#* At t,is time6 t,e U" ,as not reported RB SEU#
C$#*
/ailure a$ter (A? assi+nmentI A$ter t,e U" sends RB SEU# C!$#%EE, t,e
terminatin+ U" re1ei-es DISC!NNEC(RE%EASE $rom #)*
3.1./ Analysis on !!# #onne'tion ailu&es
T,e pro0lem o$ ((# 1onne1tion setup $ailure 1an 0e analyzed t,rou+, t,e U" si+nalin+
$lo: and ()# sin+le2user tra1in+* T,e ((# 1onne1tion setup in1ludes t,e $ollo:in+
stepsI
T,e U" sends RRC Connection Request t,rou+, t,e (A#< 1,annel*
()# sends RRC Connection Setup t,rou+, t,e /A#< 1,annel*
T,e U" sends RRC Connection Setup Complete t,rou+, t,e dedi1ated uplin8 1,annel
a$ter t,e do:nlin8 dedi1ated 1,annel is esta0lis,ed and syn1,ronized*
((# 1onne1tion setup $ailures are al:ays 1aused 0y $ollo:in+ issuesI
Uplin8 (A#< pro0lem
Pro0lem a0out do:nlin8 /A#< po:er allo1ation proportion
Parameter resele1tion pro0lem o$ t,e 1ell
>o: do:nlin8 dedi1ated initial transmittin+ po:er
Uplin8 initial po:er 1ontrol pro0lem
#on+estion
"Auipment mal$un1tions
Amon+ t,ese issues6 t,e pro0lems o$ uplin8 (A#<6 do:nlin8 /A#< po:er allo1ation
proportion6 parameter resele1tion o$ t,e 1ell and eAuipment mal$un1tions appear more
$reAuently*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* &&
3.1./.1 Analysis lo,'+a&t o* !!# #onne'tion Setup ailu&es
/i+ure B210 Analysis $lo:1,art o$ ((# 1onne1tion setup $ailures
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* &'
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* &B
3.1././ UE sends RRC Connection Request, )ut !N# does not &e'ei$e it
I$ t,e "1EIo o$ do:nlin8 #PI#< is relati-ely lo:6 it is t,e pro0lem o$ 1o-era+e*
I$ t,e "1EIo o$ do:nlin8 #PI#< is not -ery lo: 7$or e=ample6 t,e -alue is lar+er t,an
21B d?9* Usually6 it is t,e pro0lem o$ (A#<6 and t,e $ollo:in+ issues may 1ause t,e
pro0lemI
T,e po:er o$ Pream0le does not rise to a reAuired -alue6 and t,e risin+ times
o$ Pream0le s,ould 0e in1reased*
T,e output po:er o$ U" is lo:er t,an t,e reAuired -alue6 :,i1, is 1aused 0y
poor U" per$orman1e* In t,is 1ase6 t,e U" s,ould 0e 1,an+ed*
T,e )ode? eAuipment ,as a standin+ :a-e and t,e en+ineer s,ould 1,e18
:,et,er )ode? ,as any S5( alarm*
T,e radius o$ t,e 1ell is set improperly* I$ t,e radius parameter o$ t,e 1ell is set
too small6 t,e )ode? 1an not syn1,ronize t,e U" 0eyond t,e ran+e o$ t,e
radius6 and t,e a11ess $ails* T,is pro0lem o$ten ,appens in t,e pla1es :it,
lar+e 1o-era+e6 su1, as t,e rural areas and t,e su0ur0s*
3.1./.1 !N# deli$e&s !!# #onne'tion !e=e't a*te& &e'ei$in0 !!# Setup !e@uest.
5,en RRC Connection Re)ect appears6 t,e en+ineer s,ould 1,e18 t,e spe1i$i1 reFe1t
1ause -alue* Usually6 t,ere are t:o 8inds o$ 1ausesI
T,e #PU load o$ ()# 1ontrol plane 0oard is too ,ea-y and more 0oards s,ould 0e
added*
;#< and /A#< admission is reFe1ted* <o:e-er6 t,is situation does not al:ays ,appen*
3.1./.3 UE does not &e'ei$e RRC Connection Setup deli$e&ed )y !N#
T,is pro0lem may 0e 1aused 0y t,e $ollo:in+ reasonsI
Poor 1o-era+e
Improper parameters o$ 1ell sele1tion and resele1tion
#,e18in+ met,odI T,e en+ineer s,ould 1,e18 t,e "1EIo o$ #PI#<* I$ t,e -alue is lo:er
t,an 21& d? 7"1EIo is 21& d? 0y de$ault96 and t,ere is no 1ell o$ 0etter Auality in t,e
monitor set6 t,e 1ause o$ t,is pro0lem is poor 1o-era+e* I$ t,ere is 0etter 1ell in t,e
monitor set6 1ell resele1tion may 1ause t,is pro0lem*
Poor 1o-era+e 1an 0e impro-ed 0y 1o-era+e en,an1ement6 su1, as addin+ some sites
to 1o-er t,e pla1es :it,out si+nal 1o-era+e and adFustin+ t,e en+ineerin+ parameters* I$
t,e 1o-era+e 1an not 0e impro-ed6 t,e en+ineer 1an en,an1e t,e /A#< po:er
a11ordin+ to t,e P#PI#< "1EIo 1o-era+e o$ t,e 1urrent net:or8* /or e=ample6 i$ all t,e
pilot "1EIo -alues are lar+er t,an 21& d? in t,e 1o-era+e area6 t,e po:er proportion o$
t,e 1ommon 1,annel s,ould 0e 1on$i+ured on t,e 0asis o$ t,e situation t,at t,e "1EIo
-alue is lar+er t,an 21& d?* And so6 t,e su11ess rate o$ t,e idle U" assessment 1an 0e
ensured*
As $or t,e a11ess pro0lem 1aused 0y 1ell sele1tion and resele1tion6 t,e en+ineer 1an
speed up t,e 1ell sele1tion and resele1tion 0y adFustin+ t,e 1ell sele1tion and resele1tion
parameters6 and t,e pro0lem o$ ((# 1onne1tion setup $ailure 1aused 0y improper 1ell
sele1tion and resele1tion parameters 1an 0e sol-ed*
Note.
T,e ((# #onne1tion Setup messa+e is 0orne 0y /A#<* RRC Connection Request sent
0y t,e U" is re1ei-ed 0y UT(A) at t,e pream0le o$ P(A#<6 and t,en it is sent $rom t,e
(A#< 1,annel 0ased on t,e 1urrent pream0le po:er* And t,e transmit po:er o$
pream0le 1an rise all t,e time until t,e response is re1ei-ed 7T,ere is a limitation $or t,e
ma=imum num0er o$ pream0le retransmissions9* T,ere$ore6 in t,e areas :it, poor
1o-era+e6 t,e (A#< 1o-era+e and /A#< 1o-era+e may 0e1ome un0alan1ed6 and as a
result6 UT(A) 1an re1ei-e RRC Connection Request sent 0y t,e U" 0ut t,e U" 1an not
re1ei-e RRC Connection Setup sent 0y ()#*
3.1./.8 UE &e'ei$es !!# #onne'tion Setup and does not send !!# Setup #omplete
I$ t,e do:nlin8 si+nal Auality is normal6 t,is pro0lem may 0e 1aused 0y t,e a0normal
1ondition o$ t,e 1ell p,one*
Anot,er reason o$ t,is pro0lem may 0e t,e do:nlin8 syn1,ronization $ailure 1aused 0y
t,e lo: initial po:er o$ do:nlin8 dedi1ated 1,annel* Jou 1an sol-e t,is pro0lem 0y
adFustin+ t,e ser-i1e do:nlin8 "0E)o*
3.1./.2 !N# does not &e'ei$e RRC Setup Complete sent )y UE
?e1ause t,e uplin8 initial po:er 1ontrol may in1rease t,e U" transmit po:er6 t,is 8ind o$
pro0lem seldom appears* I$ it appears6 t,e en+ineer 1an in1rease t,e #onstant .alue o$
t,e dedi1ated 1,annel properly to raise t,e uplin8 ;P##< initial transmission po:er o$
t,e U"*
At t,e same time6 t,is pro0lem is also rele-ant :it, t,e uplin8 SI( initial tar+et -alue
1on$i+uration 0e1ause t,is -alue may a$$e1t t,e uplin8 initial syn1,ronization at t,e initial
sta+e o$ lin8 setup* I$ t,e -alue o$ t,e parameter is set too lar+e6 t,ere :ill 0e too mu1,
uplin8 in$eren1e 0rou+,t 0y t,e initial setup o$ t,e lin8* I$ t,e -alue is set too small6 t,e
uplin8 syn1,ronization :ill ta8e lon+er time6 and t,e initial syn1,ronization may e-en $ail*
T,is parameter is an ()#2le-el parameter6 :,i1, ,as a +reat in$luen1e on net:or8
per$orman1e* T,ere$ore6 t,e en+ineer s,ould 0e 1autious :,ile adFustin+ t,is parameter*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* &C
Note.
RRC Connection Setup Complete is sent t,rou+, uplin8 ;P#<6 and t,e U" 1al1ulates
t,e initial po:er o$ uplin8 ;P##< a11ordin+ to t,e re1ei-ed I"L;P##<OPo:erOo$$setL
and t,e measured #PI#<O(S#P -alue*
;P##<OInitialOpo:er Q ;P##<OPo:erOo$$set 2 #PI#<O(S#P
;P##<OPo:erOo$$set Q Primary #PI#< ;> TM Po:er R U> Inter$eren1e R #onstant
.alue* T,e #onstant .alue 1an 0e 1on$i+ured in t,e OM#* I$ t,is -alue is set too small6
t,e U" may not ,a-e enou+, po:er to send RRC Connection Setup Complete.
3.1.1 Analysis on !A7C!7 Setup ailu&es
5,en (A? or (? setup $ails6 ()# :ill send RAB Assignment 'ail in t,e (A?
Assi+nment (esponse si+nalin+* T,e en+ineer 1an $ind out t,e spe1i$i1 $ailure reason
$rom t,e $ailure 1ause -alue 1arried in rele-ant 1ells* T,e reasons $or 1ommon (A?E(?
setup $ailures in1ludeI
()# dire1tly reFe1tin+ RAB Setup Request 0e1ause o$ :ron+ parameter
1on$i+uration
Admission reFe1t
(A? setup $ailure 0e1ause t,e U" $ails to respond to RB Setup Request
(A? setup $ailure 0e1ause t,e Uu inter$a1e $ails to set up (?
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* &
3.1.1.1 Analysis lo,'+a&t o* !A7 Setup ailu&es
/i+ure B211 Analysis $lo:1,art o$ (A? setup $ailures
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* &D
3.1.1./ !N# (i&e'tly !e=e'tin0 RAB Setup Request 7e'ause O* -&on0 Pa&amete&
#on*i0u&ation
T,e 1ase t,at ()# responds :it, RAB Setup 'ailure dire1tly is seldom 1aused 0y
in-alid parameter 1on$i+uration in t,e 0usiness net:or8* Usually6 t,is 1ase is 1aused 0y
spe1ial operations o$ t,e spe1ial users*
T,e main s1enario is t,at t,e su0s1ription in$ormation o$ t,e userGs PS ser-i1e is 0eyond
t,e 1apa0ility o$ t,e U"6 :,i1, leads to t,e dire1t re$usal $rom ()#* /or e=ample6 a
spe1ial userGs su0s1ription rates o$ uplin8 and do:nlin8 are '8B K6 0ut t,e ma=imum
uplin8 rate o$ t,e U" is only CB K* T,e ma=imum uplin8 and do:nlin8 rates o$ t,e 3oS
messa+e used $or a1ti-atin+ P;P set 0y t,e AT 1ommand or mo0ile terminal so$t:are
used 0y t,e user are '8B K6 so t,e ()# :ill $ind t,e ma=imum uplin8 rate is 0eyond t,e
U"Gs 1apa0ility6 dire1tly reply :it, RAB Setup 'ailure and :ill not laun1, t,e (? setup
pro1ess6 :,en it re1ei-es RAB Assignment Request*
A$ter t,e (A? setup $ails 0e1ause t,e parameter 1on$i+uration is 0eyond t,e U"Gs
1apa0ility6 SGS) :ill ne+otiate a+ain to laun1, t,e ne: (A? assi+nment until t,e U"
,as t,e 1apa0ility to support t,e assi+nment6 and t,e (A? assi+nment is $inis,ed* /or
t,e users6 t,e P;P a1ti-ation is still su11ess$ul6 and t,e a1tual ma=imum rate is t,e
ma=imum rate t,e U" 1an support*
<o:e-er6 i$ t,e minimum +uaranteed 0it rate reAuired 0y t,e 3oS settin+ in t,e U"Gs
P;P a1ti-ation reAuest is 0eyond t,e U"Gs 1apa0ility6 t,ou+, t,e net:or8 ne+otiates a
lo:er rate to a11ept t,e U"Gs P;P a1ti-ation reAuest6 t,e U" :ill laun1, t,e reAuest o$
dea1ti-atin+ P;P :,en it $inds t,at t,e rate ne+otiated 0y t,e net:or8 in P;P a1ti-ation
a11ept reAuest is lo:er t,an t,e minimum +uaranteed 0it rate6 and $inally t,e P;P
a1ti-ation 1an not 0e 1ompleted*
3.1.1.1 Admission !e=e't
/or t,e non2<S;PA user6 i$ t,ere are insu$$i1ient system resour1es 7in1ludin+ po:er6
1,annel 1ode6 lu0 transmission resour1e and #"96 t,e 1all esta0lis,ment $ailure :ill 0e
1aused 0y t,e admission reFe1t* At t,is time6 it is ne1essary to 1,e18 t,e net:or8 load6
1ode resour1e6 lu0 transmission resour1e and #" resour1e o11upation to ma8e sure t,e
1on+estion is 1aused 0y t,e limitation o$ a 1ertain 8ind o$ resour1e* 5,at is more6 t,e
en+ineer s,ould plan t,e 1orrespondin+ e=pansion met,od*
I$ t,e 1ell does not support t,e <S;PA ser-i1e6 t,e (DD user admission is Fud+ed
a11ordin+ to t,e $i=ed (DD admission t,res,old* I$ t,e 1ell supports t,e <S;PA ser-i1e6
and t,e <S;PA and (DD dynami1 po:er is allo1ated6 t,e uplin8 admission o$ non2
<S;PA is Fud+ed 0ased on (T5P or t,e eAui-alent user num0er* I$ t,e uplin8 load is
too ,ea-y6 t,e non2<S;PA user admission :ill also $ail*
I$ t,e 0and:idt, 1on$i+uration on t,e lu0 inter$a1e is insu$$i1ient6 t,e lu0 inter$a1e :ill
reFe1t t,e (DD data ser-i1e a1ti-ation 0e1ause o$ limited 0and:idt,*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* '0
T,e admission 1ontrol o$ t,e )ode? #redit resour1e is similar to t,e po:er admission
1ontrol* 5,et,er t,e remainin+ #redit 1an support t,e 1urrently reAuested ser-i1e or not
1an 0e Fud+ed a11ordin+ to t,e spe1trum spreadin+ $a1tor o$ t,e ne: a11ess user*
A11ordin+ to t,e 1ondition o$ t,e (A? ;o:nsizin+ S:it1,6 ()# :ill deal :it, t,e issue in
t,e 1orrespondin+ :ay*
/or t,e <S;PA user6 in t,e dynami1 po:er allo1ation mode6 0esides t,e mentioned
system resour1es su1, as t,e po:er6 1,annel 1ode6 lu0 transmission resour1e and #"6
t,e admission reFe1t s,ould ta8e into 1onsideration :,et,er t,e num0er o$ < users
supported 0y )ode? and t,e num0er o$ < users supported 0y t,e 1ell are o-er t,e
re+ulated t,res,old or not into 1onsideration*
/or t,e <S;PA user6 :,en t,e 0and:idt, 1on$i+uration on lu0 inter$a1e is insu$$i1ient6
t,e admission reFe1t :ill not ,appen6 0ut t,e rate :ill 0e redu1ed* 5,at is more6 t,e
AA>&PAT<s o$ <S;PA and (DD are 1on$i+ured respe1ti-ely6 and t,e <S;PA
AA>&PAT< must 0e 1on$i+ured to t,e <S;PAO(T or <S;PAO)(T type* I$ t,e <S;PA
AA>&PAT< is 1on$i+ured to (T or )(T o$ (DD AA>&PAT< type6 t,e (A? assi+nment
$ailure :ill not ,appen6 0ut ()# :ill esta0lis, t,e <S;PA ser-i1e as (DD '8B K0ps*
/or t,e do:nlin8 po:er admission6
?esides :,et,er t,e (DD ser-i1e load is o-er t,e non2<S;PA ser-i1e t,res,old6 ;#<
ser-i1e s,ould ta8e into 1onsideration :,et,er non2<S;PA po:er and <S;PA G?P
7t,e minimum po:er needed $or t,e +uaranteed 0it rate9 are o-er t,e +eneral po:er
t,res,old o$ t,e 1ell*
/or t,e <S;PA ser-i1e6 it is ne1essary to 1,e18 :,et,er t,e t,rou+,put rate pro-ided 0y
t,e 1ell is o-er t,e sum o$ all t,e usersG G?( t,res,olds6 or :,et,er t,e G?Ps o$ t,e
stream ser-i1e and t,e 0a18+round ser-i1e are o-er t,e <S;PA po:er o$ t,e 1ell* At t,e
same time6 :,et,er t,e non2<S;PA po:er and t,e <S;PA G?P 7t,e minimum po:er
needed $or t,e +uaranteed 0it rate9 are o-er t,e o-erall po:er t,res,old o$ t,e 1ell
s,ould 0e also ta8en into 1onsideration*
/or t,e lu0 admission6
/or t,e ;#< ser-i1e6 t,e admission is made a11ordin+ to t,e multipli1ation o$ t,e pea8
rate and t,e ser-i1e a1ti-ation $a1tor*
/or <S;PA ser-i1e6 t,e admission is made a11ordin+ to t,e G?(*
I$ t,e lu0 e=1eeds t,e 1on+estion t,res,old6 t,e ;### rate redu1tion :ill 0e tri++ered*
And i$ t,e (>#OAM retransmission rate is o-er a 1ertain t,res,old6 t,e Iu0 O-er0oo8in+
s:it1, 1an 0e opened to tri++er t,e T/ :,i1, limits (DD or to redu1e t,e rate o$ <S;PA
ser-i1e 0y a 1ertain $a1tor*
3.1.1.3 !A7 Setup ailu&e 7e'ause t+e UE ails to !espond to !7 Setup
T,e U" $ails to respond to (? setup mainly 0e1ause o$ t,e userGs operation*
Ta8e t,e $ollo:in+ 1ases as e=amplesI
5,en t,e user already ,as ,ad t,e do:nlin8 1& K data ser-i1e6 ,e re1ei-es RB
Setup Request o$ t,e .P ser-i1e 7eit,er t,e ori+inated 1all in t,e .P domain or t,e
terminated 1all in t,e .P domain9* ?e1ause t,e U" does not support t,e .P and
,i+,2speed PS ser-i1e in t,e do:nlin8 at t,e same time6 it dire1tly replies :it, RB
Setup 'ailure6 and t,e 1ause -alue is unsupported configuration*
#ompared :it, t,e 5#;MA su0s1ri0er ori+inatin+ t,e .P ser-i1e6 t,e terminatin+
su0s1ri0er resides in t,e GSM net:or86 and so it does not support t,e .P ser-i1e*
A$ter ()# re1ei-es RAB Assignment Request6 t,e 1ore net:or8 :ill deli-er t,e
;is1onne1t 1ommand ri+,t a$ter 1all pro1eedin+6 and t,e 1ause -alue is Bearer
capa*ilit+ not aut,ori-ed* At t,is time6 t,e U" ,as Fust re1ei-ed t,e (? S"TUP
1ommand and ,as no enou+, time to $inis, t,e (? setup* So t,e U" :ill reply :it,
RB Setup 'ailure a$ter it re1ei-es t,e ;is1onne1t 1ommand6 and t,e ()# :ill reply
:it, RAB Setup 'ailure6 :it, t,e 1ause -alue 0ein+ failure in radio interface
procedure*
3.1.1.8 !A7 Setup ailu&e 7e'ause t+e Uu Inte&*a'e ails to Set Up !7
()# sends t,e (adio ?earer Setup 1ommand to t,e U" 0ut $ails to re1ei-e Radio
Bearer Setup Compete* T,is 8ind o$ situation 7(? setup $ailure9 o$ten appears in t,e
1ells :it, :ea8 si+nals* T,ere are t:o 1auses o$ :ea8 si+nalsI one is t,at t,e U" does
not reside in t,e 0est ser-er to laun1, t,e a11ess6 and t,e ot,er is poor 1o-era+e*
I$ t,e U" does not reside in t,e 0est ser-er to laun1, t,e a11ess6 it :ill ,ope to
enter t,e 0est ser-er t,rou+, a1ti-e set update in t,e (? setup pro1ess 7At t,e
same time6 t,e $ast si+nal 1,an+e :ill drasti1ally :ea8en t,e si+nals in t,e 1ell96 0ut
t,e a1ti-e set update 1an only 0e pro1essed a$ter t,e (? setup is 1ompleted6
0e1ause t,e pro1edures 1an not 0e pro1essed alternately 7)eit,er t,e net:or8 nor
t,e terminal supports it9* T,ere$ore6 (? 1an only 0e set up in t,e 1ell :it, :ea8
si+nals6 and t,e setup is easy to $ail* As $or t,is situation6 t,e startin+ t,res,old and
speed o$ 1o2$reAuen1y 1ell resele1tion s,ould 0e in1reased to ma8e t,e U" reside
in t,e 0est ser-er and laun1, t,e a11ess as soon as possi0le*
(? setup $ailure may 0e 1aused 0y t,e poor do:nlin8Euplin8 1o-era+e* I$ t,e $ailure
is 1aused 0y do:nlin8 1o-era+e6 t,e U" 1an not re1ei-e t,e (adio ?earer Setup
1ommand6 :,i1, may 0e 1aused 0y t,e uplin8 inter$eren1e6 and t,is 1an 0e $i=ed
t,rou+, 1,e18in+ (T5P* T,e poor do:nlin8 1o-era+e is partly 1aused 0y t,e 0ad
U" demodulation per$orman1e6 and ot,er 1auses s,ould 0e sol-ed 0y (/
optimization*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* '&
3.3 Optimization o* Mo)ility Indi'ato&s
Mo0ility indi1ators mainly $all into t,ree 1ate+ories S so$t ,ando-ers6 ,ard ,ando-ers
and inter2(AT ,ando-ers* T,e ,ando-er pro0lems usually ,appen in t,e $ollo:in+
1ases*
T,e 0est ser-er 1,an+es too $ast or t,ere is no 0est ser-er due to pilot pollution*
T,e ,ando-er is not prompt or t,ere are pin+pon+ ,ando-ers due to improper
parameter 1on$i+uration*
AdFust t,e en+ineerin+ parameters $or antennas in areas :it, se-ere pilot pollution* And
adFust t,e ,ando-er parameters6 su1, as t,e -alues o$ 1A6 1?6 #IO6 TTT 7time to
tri++er96 <ysteresis and so on6 to sol-e t,e pro0lem t,at t,e ,ando-er is not prompt or
t,ere are pin+pon+ ,ando-ers* T,is se1tion tries to sol-e t,is 8ind o$ pro0lems t,rou+,
OM# data analysis and parameter optimization*
3.3.1 Optimization o* So*t %ando$e&s
Missed nei+,0orin+ 1ell 1on$i+uration6 pilot pollution6 improper so$t ,ando-er parameter
1on$i+uration6 and eAuipment mal$un1tions are t,e maFor 1auses o$ so$t ,ando-er
$ailures* To 1on$irm t,e pro0lems6 t,e $ield ;Ts are reAuired*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* ''
3.3.1.1 So*t %ando$e& Optimization lo,'+a&t
/i+ure B21& So$t ,ando-er optimization $lo:1,art
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 'B
3.3.1./ #+e'6in0 Missed Nei0+)o&in0 #ell #on*i0u&ation
Generally spea8in+6 most o$ t,e 1all drops at t,e 0e+innin+ o$ t,e optimization are
1aused 0y missed nei+,0orin+ 1ell 1on$i+uration* T,e $ollo:in+ met,ods are o$ten used
to Fud+e :,et,er t,e 1all drops are 1aused 0y missed 1on$i+uration o$ 1o2$reAuen1y
nei+,0orin+ 1ells*
O0ser-e t,e a1ti-e set Ec(Io in$ormation re1orded 0y t,e U" and t,e Best Ser.er
Ec(Io in$ormation re1orded 0y t,e S1anner 0e$ore t,e 1all drop* I$ t,e $ormer re1ord
is -ery 0ad 0ut t,e latter re1ord is -ery +ood6 t,en 1,e18 :,et,er t,e Best Ser.er
s1ram0lin+ 1ode re1orded 0y t,e S1anner appears in t,e latest list o$ t,e
nei+,0orin+ 1ells under intra2$reAuen1y measurement 1ontrol* I$ it does not6 t,en
t,e 1all drop is 1aused 0y missed nei+,0orin+ 1ell 1on$i+uration*
I$ t,e U" re2a11esses immediately a$ter t,e 1all drop and t,e 1ell s1ram0lin+ 1odes
durin+ t,e U" rea11ess and t,ose durin+ t,e 1all drop are di$$erent6 t,en t,e 1all
drop may also 0e 1aused 0y missed nei+,0orin+ 1ell 1on$i+uration* Jou 1an
1on$irm it t,rou+, measurement 1ontrol 7loo8 0a18:ards $rom t,e messa+e o$ t,e
1all drop e-ent $or t,e latest intra2$reAuen1y measurement 1ontrol messa+e and
1,e18 t,e nei+,0orin+ 1ell list o$ t,is messa+e9*
Some U" may report t,e Detected Set in$ormation* I$ t,e 1orrespondin+ s1ram0lin+
1ode appears in t,e Detected Set in$ormation 0e$ore t,e 1all drop6 t,en t,e 1all
drop is 1aused 0y missed nei+,0orin+ 1ell 1on$i+uration*
3.3.1.1 #+e'6in0 Pilot Pollution
(e*inition o* pilot pollution. "=1essi-e stron+ pilot si+nals e=ist at a 1ertain point6 0ut
none o$ t,em is stron+ enou+, to 0e t,e 0est ser-er* To $orm pilot pollution6 t,e $ollo:in+
points in t,is de$inition s,ould 0e satis$ied*
St&on0 pilot si0nal. T,e a0solute pilot si+nal stren+t, is used to Fud+e :,et,er t,e
pilot si+nal is a stron+ one* T,e pilot si+nal stren+t, 1an 0e e-aluated t,rou+, t,e
pilot (S#P* I$ t,e pilot (S#P e=1eeds a t,res,old6 it is 1onsidered a stron+ pilot
si+nal* T,e $ormula isI
Absolute RSCP
Th RSCP CPICH
_
_ >
E>'essi$e. T,e num0er o$ pilot si+nals is used to Fud+e :,et,er t,ere are
e=1essi-e pilot si+nals at a 1ertain point* I$ t,e num0er e=1eeds a t,res,old6 it is
re+arded t,at e=1essi-e pilot si+nals e=ist at t,is point* T,e $ormula isI
N
Th Number CPICH > _
None o* t+em is st&on0 enou0+ to )e t+e )est se&$e&. T,e relati-e stren+t, o$ a
pilot si+nal is a 8ey $a1tor in Fud+in+ :,et,er t,e pilot si+nal is stron+ enou+,*
?ased on t,e a0o-e de$inition and $ormulae6 i$ t,e di$$eren1e 0et:een t,e stren+t,
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 'C
o$ t,e stron+est pilot si+nal and t,at o$ t,e ) 1 ( +
N
Th stron+est pilot si+nal at t,is
point is less t,an a t,res,old6 it is re+arded t,at t,ere is no pilot si+nal stron+
enou+, to 0e t,e 0est ser-er at t,is point* T,e $ormula isI
lative RSCP th Th best
Th RSCP CPICH RSCP CPICH
N
Re _ ) 1 (
) _ _ ( <
+
A11ordin+ to t,e a0o-e des1ription6 it is re+arded t,at pilot pollution e=ists i$ t,e $ollo:in+
1onditions are 0ot, satis$ied*
T,e num0er o$ pilot si+nals t,at meet t,e 1ondition
Absolute RSCP
Th RSCP CPICH
_
_ >
is
more t,an
N
Th
*
lative RSCP th Th best

Th RSCP CPICH RSCP CPICH
N
Re _ ) 1 (
) _ _ ( <
+
/or e=ample6 durin+ t,e net:or8 optimization6 supposeI
dBm Th
Absolute RSCP
95
_
=
6
3 =
N
Th
6 and
dB Th
lative RSCP
5
Re _
=
6 i$ t,e $ollo:in+
1onditions are 0ot, satis$ied6 t,en it is re+arded t,at pilot pollution e=ists*
T,e num0er o$ t,e pilot si+nals t,at meet t,e 1ondition
dBm RSCP CPICH 95 _ >
is
more t,an '*
dB RSCP CPICH RSCP CPICH

th best
5 ) _ _ (
4
<
3.3.1.3 Ad=ustin0 So*t %ando$e& Al0o&it+m Pa&amete&s
Jou 1an sol-e t,e $ollo:in+ 8inds o$ pro0lems 0y adFustin+ ,ando-er al+orit,m
parametersI
1* T,e ,ando-er is not prompt*
/rom t,e perspe1ti-e o$ t,e #S ser-i1e si+nalin+ $lo:6 t,e symptom o$ t,is pro0lem
is t,at t,e U" 1annot re1ei-e Acti.e Set Update 7p,ysi1al 1,annel reallo1ation in
t,e 1ase o$ t,e intra2$reAuen1y ,ard ,ando-er9 0e1ause a$ter t,e U" reports t,e
measurement report6 t,e sour1e 1ell ,as a $ast redu1tion in "1EIo* 5,en t,e ()#
sends Acti.e Set Update6 t,e U" ,as 1losed t,e transmitter due to t,e loss o$
do:nlin8 syn1,ronization* .ie:ed $rom t,e U" side6 it 1annot re1ei-e Acti.e Set
Update* In t,e PS ser-i1es6 i$ t,e U" 1annot re1ei-e Acti.e Set Update or T(?
resets 0e$ore t,e ,ando-er6 t,e ,ando-er :ill also $ail*
/rom t,e perspe1ti-e o$ si+nals6 t,e $ollo:in+ p,enomena may a11ompany t,is
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* '
pro0lem*
#orner e$$e1tI "1EIo o$ t,e sour1e 1ell de1reases drasti1ally6 and "1EIo o$ t,e
tar+et 1ell in1reases s,arply 7-ery ,i+, :,en it appears9*
/ast $adin+I "1EIo o$ t,e sour1e 1ell de1reases Aui18ly $or a :,ile and t,en
in1reases6 and "1EIo o$ t,e tar+et 1ell in1reases $or a s,ort :,ile*
&* Pin+pon+ ,ando-ers* T,e $ollo:in+ p,enomena may a11ompany t,is pro0lem*
T,e 0est ser-er 1,an+es Aui18lyI T:o or more 1ells ta8e turns to 0e t,e 0est
ser-er* ?ut as t,e 0est ser-er6 none o$ t,e 1ells 1an last lon+ t,ou+, t,ey ,as +ood
(S#Ps and "1EIos*
T,ere is no 0est ser-erI T,ere are multiple 1ells* T,eir (S#Ps are normal and
similar to ea1, ot,er* ?ut "1EIo o$ e-ery 1ell is -ery 0ad*
/rom t,e perspe1ti-e o$ t,e si+nalin+ $lo:6 "-ent 1A is reported immediately a$ter one
1ell is deleted* ?e1ause t,e U" 1annot re1ei-e Acti.e Set Update $rom t,e ()#6 t,e
,ando-er $ails*
3.3.1.8 E@uipment Mal*un'tions
/irst 1,e18 t,e alarm 1onsole to see :,et,er t,ere are a0normal alarms6 and analyze
t,e messa+e tra1es at t,e same time* /ind out in :,i1, step t,e so$t ,ando-er $ails*
#,e18 t,e $ailure messa+e6 and 1onta1t t,e lo1al produ1t maintainin+ en+ineer to
1on$irm :,et,er t,e eAuipment ,as mal$un1tions*
3.3.1.2 Solutions
#orrespondin+ adFustments s,ould 0e ta8en $or t,e 1on$irmed pro0lems*
<ando-er $ailures 1aused 0y pilot pollutionI AdFust t,e en+ineerin+ parameters o$ a
1ertain antenna to set t,is antenna as t,e 0est ser-er in t,is inter$ered lo1ation* I$
t,e po:er o$ one o$ its se1tors is redu1ed6 t,en Io o$ t,e pilot pollution area :ill
de1reaseP e-en i$ t,e po:ers o$ ot,er pilots are not adFusted6 "1EIo :ill also
in1rease* T,ere0y t,e "1EIo di$$eren1es :it, ot,er s1ram0lin+ 1odes in t,e a1ti-e
set :ill 0e1ome lar+er and pilot pollution :ill 0e eliminated* T,rou+, a lot o$
resear1,6 !T" ,as pro-ed t,at t,e redu1tion in t,e pilot transmit po:er :ill not
1,an+e 1ell 1apa1ity +reatly* I$ 1ondition allo:s6 ne: 0ase stations 1an 0e added to
1o-er t,is area*
"Auipment mal$un1tionsI #onsult t,e 1ustomer ser-i1e en+ineers6 and as8 t,em to
,elp 1,e18 :,et,er t,ere are alarms and :,et,er t,e transport layer is a0normal* I$
t,ere are alarms6 1oordinate :it, t,e 1ustomer ser-i1e en+ineers and t,e
en+ineerin+ personnel to sol-e t,e pro0lems*
#all drops 0e1ause t,e ,ando-ers are not promptI
AdFust t,e antenna to e=pand t,e ,ando-er zone*
#on$i+ure t,e "-ent 1A ,ando-er parameters to ma8e t,e ,ando-er easier to
,appen*
In1rease CIO to ma8e t,e ,ando-er ,appen earlier in t,e tar+et 1ell* T,e sum
o$ CIO and t,e a1tually measured -alue is used $or Fud+in+ t,e U" e-ents6
in1ludin+ t,e U" intra2$reAuen1y ,ando-er* CIO ,elps s,i$t t,e 1ell 0order in
t,e ,ando-er al+orit,m* I$ CIO is 1on$i+ured :it, a lar+er -alue6 t,e ,ando-er
:ill 0e easier to ,appen and t,ere :ill 0e more U" in t,e so$t2,ando-er status6
0ut more resour1es :ill 0e o11upied* I$ CIO is 1on$i+ured :it, a smaller -alue6
t,e so$t ,ando-er :ill 0e more di$$i1ult to ,appen and t,e re1ei-in+ Auality may
0e impaired* A CIO o$ a0out 5d? is Auite +ood $or eliminatin+ t,e $ast $adin+
and t,e 1orner e$$e1t6 0ut t,is 1on$i+uration ,as some side e$$e1ts6 su1, as t,e
in1rease o$ ,ando-er proportion*
#all drops 1aused 0y pin+pon+ ,ando-ersI AdFust t,e antenna to $orm a 0est
ser-er in its 1o-era+e zone or set t,e "-ent /B ,ando-er parameters 7in1rease t,e
t,res,old o$ "-ent /B6 t,e "-ent /B ,ysteresis or t,e time to tri++er "-ent /B9 to
in1rease t,e di$$i1ulty in deletin+ t,e a1ti-e set*
3.3./ Optimization o* %a&d %ando$e&s
3.3./.1 #lassi*i'ation o* %a&d +ando$e&s
<ard ,ando-ers mainly $all into t:o 1lassi$i1ationsI
Int&a4*&e@uen'y +a&d +ando$e&s. T,e intra2$reAuen1y ,ard ,ando-er is tri++ered
only :,en t,e intra2$reAuen1y so$tEso$ter ,ando-er 1annot 0e per$ormed6 and it is
appli1a0le to t,e $ollo:in+ 1ir1umstan1es*
Inter2()# intra2$reAuen1y 1ell ,ando-ers :,en t,ere is no Iur inter$a1e*
Insu$$i1ient Iur inter$a1e resour1es t,ou+, t,ere is t,e Iur inter$a1e*
<ando-ers 1ontrolled 0y t,e t,res,old o$ t,e PS ser-i1e rate in t,e ,ando-er
1ell*
T,e intra2$reAuen1y so$tEso$ter ,ando-ers 1an not 0e per$ormed 7intra2$reAuen1y
,ard ,ando-er s,ould 0e tri++ered9 in t,e $ollo:in+ s1enarios*
5,en t,e intra2$reAuen1y ,ando-er ,appens6 t,e U" is usin+ t,e transmit
di-ersity in t,e a1ti-e set 1ell 0ut t,e tar+et 1ell does not support t,e transmit
di-ersity*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 'D
T,e intra2$reAuen1y measurement report does not 1ontain O// and TM o$ t,e
tar+et 1ell*
5,en t,e intra2$reAuen1y ,ando-er ,appens 0et:een ()#s6 t,e Iur inter$a1e
is una-aila0le*
T,e U" per$orms t,e multiuser dete1tion in t,e a1ti-e set 1ell6 0ut t,e tar+et
1ell does not support t,e multiuser dete1tion*
T,e tar+et 1ell and t,e ori+inal 1ell 0elon+ to di$$erent 1lassi$i1ations 7T,e 1ells
o$ (DD6 (5R(DD6 and (CR(5R(DD 0elon+ to t,e same 1lassi$i1ation :,ile t,e
1ells o$ (5 and (CR(5 0elon+ to anot,er 1lassi$i1ation9*
Inte&4*&e@uen'y +a&d +ando$e&s. T,e inter2$reAuen1y ,ard ,ando-er means a U"
1onne1tion is ,anded o-er $rom a 1ell o$ a UT(A) $reAuen1y to a 1ell o$ anot,er
$reAuen1y* Many $a1tors6 in1ludin+ t,e radio Auality6 t,e load6 and t,e speed o$ t,e
mo-in+ U"6 may tri++er inter2$reAuen1y ,ard ,ando-ers*
/or e=ample6 t,e radio Auality tri++ers t,e inter2$reAuen1y ,ard ,ando-er in t,e
$ollo:in+ :ayI
5,en t,e Auality o$ t,e U" radio $reAuen1y 0e1omes lo:er6 t,e inter2$reAuen1y
measurement :ill 0e tri++ered6 and a11ordin+ to t,e measurement result6 t,e U"
1onne1tion :ill 0e ,anded o-er to a 0etter $reAuen1y*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* B0
3.3././ %a&d %ando$e& Optimization lo,'+a&t
/i+ure B21' <ard ,ando-er optimization $lo:1,art
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* B&
3.3./.1 %a&d %ando$e& Optimization Met+ods
T,e optimization $lo: $or t,e ,ard ,ando-er is similar to t,at o$ t,e so$t ,ando-er* T,e
maFor di$$eren1es are in t,e parameter optimization* To optimize intra2$reAuen1y ,ard
,ando-ers6 you 1an properly redu1e t,e "-ent /D ,ysteresis and t,e time to tri++er
"-ent /D a11ordin+ to t,e real radio en-ironment to ensure timely ,ando-ers*
Inter2$reAuen1y 1o-era+e is o$ten applied to some spe1ial s1enarios su1, as indoor
1o-era+e and tested t,rou+, #3T* T,e met,od o$ Fud+in+ :,et,er t,ere is missed
1on$i+uration o$ t,e inter2$reAuen1y nei+,0orin+ 1ell is almost t,e same as t,at o$ t,e 1o2
$reAuen1y nei+,0orin+ 1ellI :,en a 1all drop o11urs6 t,e U" $ails to measure or report
t,e inter2$reAuen1y nei+,0orin+ 1ellP a$ter t,e 1all drop6 t,e U" resides in t,e inter2
$reAuen1y nei+,0orin+ 1ell a+ain*
T,e 1ommon ,ard ,ando-er pro0lems areI
1* T,e ,ando-er is not prompt* T,e 1ommon symptoms are $reAuent 1all drops in t,e
,ard ,ando-ers :,en t,e U" mo-es*
SolutionsI
In1rease t,e t,res,old o$ a1ti-atin+ t,e 1ompressin+ mode* T,e 1ompressin+ mode
is usually a1ti-ated 0e$ore t,e inter2$reAuen1y ,ando-er or t,e inter2(AT ,ando-er6
and it is used to measure t,e Auality o$ t,e inter2$reAuen1y or inter2(AT 1ell* Jou
1an set a t,res,old o$ t,e #PI#< (S#P or "1EIo to a1ti-ate t,e 1ompressin+ mode*
And t,e (S#P is :idely used*
(eAuirements on settin+ t,e t,res,old o$ a1ti-atin+ t,e 1ompressin+ modeI
?e$ore t,e 1ell Auality 0e1omes lo: enou+, to 1ause a 1all drop6 t,e si+nal o$
t,e tar+et 1ell s,ould 0e measured and reported6 and t,e ,ando-er s,ould 0e
per$ormed*
(eAuirement on settin+ t,e t,res,old o$ dea1ti-atin+ t,e 1ompression modeI
/reAuent a1ti-ationEdea1ti-ation o$ t,e 1ompression mode s,ould 0e a-oided*
In1rease #IOs o$ t,e inter2$reAuen1y 1ell pair*
(edu1e t,e t,res,old o$ tri++erin+ t,e tar+et $reAuen1y ,ando-er under t,e inter2
$reAuen1y 1o-era+e*
&* T,ere are pin+pon+ ,ando-ers*
Solution. In1rease t,e ,ard ,ando-er ,ysteresis and t,e time to tri++er t,e e-ent*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* B'
3.3.1 Optimization o* Inte&4!AT %ando$e&s
3.3.1.1 #on*i0u&in0 7asi' Inte&4!AT Pa&amete&s
Most o$ t,e inter2(AT ,ando-er $ailures are 1aused 0y in1omplete parameter
1on$i+uration* T,e $ollo:in+ parameters need spe1ial attention*
#omplete ()# parameter 1on$i+uration $or t,e GSM nei+,0orin+ 1ellI T,e &G
system s,all pro-ide t,e 'G system :it, t,e 1orre1t radio parameters 0ased on
ne+otiation S M##6 M)#6 >A#6 I; 7#I96 )##6 ?##6 $reAuen1y 0and indi1ator 7D00
or 180096 and ?##<*
Ta0le B2' Parameters T,at &G S,all Pro-ide to 'G
M## MN# LA#
I(
#I
N## 7##
&e@uen'y
)and
indi'ato&
7##%
BC0 & &0& 1D' 0 0 D00 10&
#omplete GSM ?S# parameter 1on$i+uration $or t,e 5#;MA nei+,0orin+ 1ellI T,e
'G system s,all pro-ide t,e &G system :it, t,e 1orre1t radio parameters 0ased on
ne+otiation S M##6 M)#6 >A#6 ()# I;6 1ell I; 7#OI;96 do:nlin8 $reAuen1y6
s1ram0lin+ 1ode6 and (A#*
Ta0le B2B Parameters T,at 'G S,all Pro-ide to &G
M## MN# LA#
!N#
I(
#ell I(
#DI(
(o,nlin6
*&e@uen'y
S'&am)lin0
'ode
!A#
BC0 ' &0 18 51 108 51 &0
A11ordin+ to t,e 1urrent strate+y o$ one2:ay inter2(AT ,ando-ers6 i$ t,e parameter
1on$i+uration is 1omplete6 one pro0a0le 1ause o$ t,e inter2(AT ,ando-er $ailure is t,at
t,e ,ando-er is not prompt* T,e 1ommon parameter adFustment is to in1rease #IO6 t,e
t,res,old to a1ti-ateEdea1ti-ate t,e 1ompressin+ mode6 and t,e t,res,old to tri++er t,e
5#;MA2to2GSM ,ando-er at t,e same time*
#all drops durin+ t,e inter2(AT ,ando-ers 0et:een 5#;MA and GSM may 0e 1aused
0yI
In1onsistent data 1on$i+uration at t,e GSM side and t,e 5#;MA side a$ter
GSM modi$ies t,e 1on$i+uration data 0ut does not in$orm 5#;MA*
Missed 1on$i+uration o$ nei+,0orin+ 1ells6 :,i1, 1an 0e sol-ed 0y t,e 1orre1t
1on$i+uration o$ nei+,0orin+ 1ells*
Too $ast si+nal 1,an+es*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* BB
Pin+pon+ resele1tion*
/aults :it, t,e U"6 $or e=ample6 t,e U" $ails to respond to t,e ,ando-er or
report t,e inter2(AT measurement report*
#,an+es o$ t,e 0est ser-er durin+ t,e p,ysi1al 1,annel reallo1ation*
5ron+ >A# 1on$i+uration6 :,i1, 1an 0e lo1ated t,rou+, data 1on$i+uration
1,e18*
3.3.1./ Inte&4!AT %ando$e& Optimization lo,'+a&t
/i+ure B21B Inter2(AT ,ando-er optimization $lo:1,art
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* BC
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* B
3.8 Optimization o* !esou&'e Indi'ato&s
T,e resour1e indi1ators dire1tly re$le1t t,e system 1apa1ity* In1reasin+ su0s1ri0ers :ill
1onsume more system resour1es and some resour1es may 0e limitedP $or e=ample6 t,e
1ode resour1e may 0e limited6 t,e T#P a11ess reAuest may 0e reFe1ted6 and t,e #"
resour1e usa+e rate may e=1eed t,e t,res,old* >imited system resour1es ,a-e a
ne+ati-e in$luen1e on t,e :,ole2net:or8 indi1ators and t,e su0s1ri0ersG per1eptionP $or
e=ample6 1all drops may $reAuently ,appen and more T#P a11ess reAuests may 0e
reFe1ted durin+ t,e -oi1e ser-i1es*
Ta0le B25 (esour1e KPIs and Alarm T,res,olds
!esou&'e type KPI No. and name
Ala&m
t+&es+old
T#P
#'01'&0150 )um0er o$ reFe1ted ser-i1es6 ;#<
do:nlin8 T#P limit
50
PI'01C A-era+e non2<S 7SOA9 7SOA9;PA
T#P
B0H
PI'00D& Ma=imum #ell T#P 7H9 100H
PI'00D' A-era+e #ell T#P 0H
U> Tra$$i1
PI'00&D <ando-er ?lo18in+ (ate 0*5H
KPI (T5P 7in 0usy ,our9 2D8 d?m
#ode
#'01'&015' )um0er o$ reFe1ted ser-i1es6 ;#<
no 1ode
50
PI'0&05 A-era+e #ell <SUPA Users 1&
PI'01& #ell A-era+e <S;PA Users 1C
#"
PI'018'000C Ma=imum use (atio o$ Uplin8
)ode? #"
C0H
PI'018'0010 Ma=imum use (atio o$ ;o:nlin8
)ode? #"
C0H
3.8.1 !esou&'e Indi'ato& Optimization lo,'+a&t
/i+ure B215 (esour1e indi1ator optimization $lo:1,art
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* BD
3.8./ #ode !esou&'e Optimization
T,e statisti1s o$ )um0er o$ reFe1ted ser-i1es and ;#< no 1ode6 t,e a-era+e 1ode
resour1e usa+e rate and t,e num0er o$ t,e <S;PA su0s1ri0ers 1an 0e used to Fud+e
:,et,er t,e 1ode resour1e in a 1ell is limited* I$ t,e 1ode resour1e is limited6 you 1an
adFust t,e 1ode resour1e allo1ation to alle-iate t,e situation*
?ased on t,e system al+orit,m6 :,en /ormula 1 is satis$ied6 you 1an add an <S2
P;S#<P :,en /ormula & is satis$ied6 t,en an <S2P;S#< is deleted*
/ormula 1I O1u(ate)o<spds1, R O1u(ate<spds1, R Dpc,Code0+ R '& TQ 51&
/ormula &I O1u(ate)o<spds1, R O1u(ate<spds1, R CodeUpt0+A U 51&
O1u(ate<spds1,<SP;S#< means t,e num0er o$ t,e 1odes o$ S/Q51& 0lo18ed 0y t,e
<S2P;S#<6 O1u(ate)o<spds1, means t,e num0er o$ 1odes o$ S/Q51& 0lo18ed 0y
ot,er 1,annels6 ;p1,#ode<y means t,e num0er o$ 1odes o$ S/Q51& reser-ed $or t,e
;P#<6 and #odeUpt<yA is t,e t,res,old to de1ide :,et,er to delete t,e <SP;S#<*
T,ere$ore6 to ensure t,e a11ess o$ t,e (DD su0s1ri0ers6 you 1an ma8e some adFustment
a11ordin+ to Ta0le B 2C :,en t,e 1ode resour1e is limited6 t,ou+, t,e <S;PA rate may
de1rease*
Ta0le B2C AdFustin+ #ode (esour1e Allo1ation
A))&e$iation
Pa&amete&
name
!an0e
and
step
#u&&ent
$alue
Update
$alue
!ema&6
;p1,#ode<y
;P#< #ode
<ysteresis
0**51& 1C &8
To de1rease t,e
num0er o$ reFe1ted
ser-i1es $or ;#< no
1ode
#odeUpt<yA
#ode
Update
<ysteresis
A
0**51& 1C &8
To de1rease t,e
num0er o$ reFe1ted
ser-i1es $or ;#< no
1ode
3.8.1 Monito&in0 #E !esou&'e
T,e #" resour1e is mainly monitored t,rou+, t,e ma=imum U" uplin8Edo:nlin8 usa+e
rate* I$ t,ere is any pro0lem6 you 1an sol-e it 0y 1ontrollin+ t,e load or addin+ more
0oards*
3.8.3 Optimization o* Po,e& #ont&ol
3.8.3.1 Monito&in0 and Optimizin0 (o,nlin6 Po,e& #ont&ol
>imited T#P in 0usy ,ours :ill not only in1rease a11ess $ailures and 1all drops in t,e
lo1al 1ell 0ut also in1rease so$t ,ando-er $ailures and 1all drops in t,e nei+,0orin+ 1ells*
)um0er o$ reFe1ted ser-i1es and ;#< do:nlin8 T#P limit are intuiti-e KPIs to Fud+e
:,et,er T#P is limited* Alt,ou+, limited uplin8 1apa1ity and massi-e U" mo-es in t,e
rus, ,ours may also 1ause 1all drops6 t,e limited T#P is a0solutely a 8ey $a1tor*
?ased on t,e system al+orit,m Min<sdpaPo:er 7Min<spaP:r(to9 R )o<sPo:er U)ode
?6 i$ t,e sa$ety t,res,old is used 7Min<sdpaPo:er means t,e po:er reser-ed $or
<SPA96 t,en it :ill a1ti-ate t,e do:nlin8 rate do:n+rade al+orit,m $lo: $or t,e
1on+estion 7lo:er t,e do:nlin8 ;#< rate9* Alt,ou+, t,e rate do:n+rade 1an ensure
a11ess o$ some su0s1ri0ers6 it is an irre+ular a1tion and :ill de+rade t,e per$orman1e*
3.8.8 Speedin0 up !ate (o,n0&ade
#onsiderin+ t,at t,e 1ells :it, ,ea-y load reFe1t more a11ess reAuests6 you 1an speed
up t,e rate do:n+rade durin+ t,e resour1e 1on+estion to release t,e resour1es as soon
as possi0le and a-oid 1all drops 1aused 0y a11ess $ailures 7t,is met,od is only
appli1a0le to t,e 1ells :it, many PS ser-i1e users 0ut not t,ose :it, only #S ser-i1e
users9* Ta0le B 2 is an e=ample o$ t,e parameter modi$i1ation $or t,e rate do:n+rade*
Ta0le B2 "=ample o$ Parameter Modi$i1ation $or (ate ;o:n+rade
A))&e$iation Pa&amete& name
!an0e and
step
#u&&ent
$alue
Update
$alue
!ema&6
Ul;nMa=St+ Ma=imum
)um0er o$
;e+raded Uplin8
>oad Steps "-ery
Time
V16 8W 1 & ;o:n+rade
$rom '8B K0ps
to 1C K0ps
;l;nMa=St+ Ma=imum
)um0er o$
;e+raded
;o:nlin8 >oad
Steps "-ery Time
V16 8W 1 ' ;o:n+rade
$rom '8B K0ps
to 8 K0ps
3.8.2 Monito&in0 and Optimizin0 Uplin6 #apa'ity
<ando-er ?lo18in+ (ate and (T5P 1an re$le1t t,e uplin8 1apa1ity o$ t,e 1ell* ?e1ause
inter$eren1e may also in1rease (T5P6 t,is $a1tor s,ould 0e distin+uis,ed durin+ t,e
(T5P monitorin+* Anot,er e$$e1ti-e indi1ator is t,e -oi1e ser-i1e erl* I$ a 1ell ,as o-er
&0 erls in 0usy ,ours6 you s,ould pay spe1ial attention to it*
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 5&
3.8.; Optimization o* Uplin6 #apa'ity at t+e -+ole Net,o&6 Le$el
#ase. T,e uplin8 1apa1ity :as limited in a lar+e num0er o$ sites a$ter t,e 1uto-er6 and
t,e symptoms are a s,arp rise o$ (T5P and a ,i+, 1all drop rate durin+ t,e rus, ,ours*
A$ter t,e $ollo:in+ parameters :ere modi$ied as s,o:n in Ta0le B 286 t,e pro0lem :as
sol-ed*
Ta0le B28 "=ample o$ Po:er #ontrol Parameter Modi$i1ation
A))&e$iation
Pa&amete&
name
!an0e
#u&&ent
$alue
Update
$alue
U>I)ITSI(
Uplin8 Initial SI(
tar+et 7d?9
U> '*B KE1'*C K
si+nalin+6 U> 1&*& K
AM(
B25 '*5
U>MAMSI(
Ma=imum Uplin8
SI( tar+et 7d?9
U> '*B KE1'*C K
AM(
15 10
UlSirTar+;nStep
Uplin8 SI(
Tar+et ;o:n
Step Size 7d?9
U> '*B KE1'*C K
AM(
0*1 0*&
3.8.9 Optimization o* Uplin6 #apa'ity *o& a Sin0le #ell
A lot o$ optimization measures 1an 0e ta8en to 0rin+ do:n t,e risin+ (T5P* <o:e-er6
:it, in1reasin+ su0s1ri0ers6 t,e 1apa1ity may still 0e limited in some area :,ile $urt,er
modi$i1ation o$ SirTar+et :ill o0-iously de+rade t,e 1all Auality o$ t,e :,ole net:or8 and
undermine t,e su0s1ri0ersG per1eption* In t,is 1ase6 you 1an adFust t,e po:er 1ontrol
parameters $or a sin+le site t,at ,as ,ea-y tra$$i1 in t,e $ollo:in+ :ayI add one set o$
;i-P1 parameters and use t,is set o$ parameters only $or t,is site*
#ase. Ta0le B 2D s,o:s an e=ample o$ t,e po:er 1ontrol parameter modi$i1ation* A$ter
t,is modi$i1ation6 t,e 1all drop rate in t,e site :it, ,ea-y tra$$i1 de1reased to one Auarter
o$ t,e ori+inal one*
Ta0le B2D "=ample o$ Po:er #ontrol Parameter Modi$i1ation $or <ea-y2Tra$$i1 #ell
S!VTEPE ULINITSI! ULMAFSI! ULMINSI!
0 '*52U1*5 10*02U'*5 &*02U1*0
10B B*02U&*0 15*02U5*0 0*52U0
&8 '*52U1*5 10*02U'*5 0*52U0
50 C*02U&*0 15*02U5*0 &*02U0
5B C*02U&*0 15*02U5*0 &*02U0
!T" #on$idential Proprietary % &01' !T" #O(PO(ATIO)* All ri+,ts reser-ed* 5'

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