CASE STUDY OF

ACUTE LYPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

SUBMITTED BY: ERIC ZANDY I. REGIO
Introduction:
Acute lymphocytes leukemia is a result from uncontrolled proliferation of immature
cells. The (lymphoblast) derived from the lymphoid stem cell. The cell origin is the
precursor to the B-lymphocytes in approimately !"# of A$$ cases% and T-lymphocytes
occurs &"#. A$$ is common on young children 'ith boys affected more than girls the
peak incidences is ( years of age.
)linical *eatures:
Immature lymphocytes proliferates in the marro' and impede the development of
normal myeloid cells. As a result normal hematopoiesis is inhibited+ resulting in reduced
numbers of leukocytes+ erythrocytes+ and platelet. The leukocytes counts maybe high or
lo' but there 'ill be a immature proportion of immature cells. $eukemic cell infiltration
into other organs and more common 'ith A$$ than other forms of leukemia and it
includes pain+ from an enlarged spleen(splenomegaly) or liver (hepatomegaly).
)auses : ,enetic - other contributing factors that triggers proliferation of immature
cells.
./.:
A. *atigue
B. ,um bleeding
). Increased 0B) count
1. 2ain
3. 3pistais
*. Bruises
Patients P!"i#e:
2atients 4ame: 50.2
Address: 2asig )ity
1ate of Birth: 5ctober &6+ &77&
Age: 88 years old
5ccupation: 3lementary .tudent
9eligion: 9oman )atholic
Informant: 4.2. (mother)
1ate of admission: :uly &!+ &78(
Time: ;:77 pm
Hist!$ !" %esent i##ness:
*e' months prior to admission the patient 'as doing his daily routine as a typical
person but. After fe' months the patient notice slo' deterioration of his body. And
eventually notices changes like he is having some bruises in his arms and he is getting
tired easily and noticed that the bruises are getting bigger and having some on the other
part of his body. And fe' days before the said confinement the mother of the patient
decide to bring the patient to the hospital to kno' 'hat is happening to his son. But
before that said visit the patient had some gum bleeding and epistais and having a high
fever+ cough and colds.
Fa&i#$ an' Patient Hea#t( (ist!$:
Fa&i#$ Patient
<24 (-) *ever (=)
Tuberculosis (-) )ough and )olds(=)
1iabetis >illitus (-)
Asthma (-)
Pat(!%($si!#!)$
2redisposing factors:
A. 3nvironment
B. 1amage bone marro'
). Infection
1. Anemia
2recipitating factors:

A. Age
B. ,ender
). ,enes
1. Autoimmune
Auto immune response due to infection but don?t
stop after the physiologic need but still increased
numbers
2roliferation of
immature leukocytes in
the bone marro'
And eventually impede the
development of normal myeloid
cells
And distruptions of normal
hematopoiesis that produced
stem cell that released blood
component.
1ecreased numbers of
blood components ecept
the leukocytes
1ecreased number of
Thrombocytes( 2lateletes)
1ecreased number of
3rythrocytes (9B))
2roliferation of
immature
leukocytes
1ecreased blood
supply
1ecreased clotting
factors
9isk for
bleeding
1ecreased
<emoglobin
level
Anemia
)ell
infiltration
to other
organs like
.pleen+
$iver
$eukemic
cells site is
the central
nervous
system
1ecreased
immune
system
If bleeding
occurs and
untreated
1ecreased
5ygen supply
9isk for
infection
and if
untreated
>eningeal
involvement
A. <ypotension
B. Bradycardia
). Bradypnea
1. 2allor
3. *atigue
*. Body
'eakness
A..plenomegaly
B. <epatomegaly
<eadache
and
vomiting
1eath
2ain
4ame of the
procedure
4ormal @alues @alues obtained Interpretation and analysis
)5>2$3T3
B$551 )5A4T
0B) count
9B) count
<emoglobin
<ematocrit
>)@
>)<
>)<)
910
2latelet )ount
1I**3934TIA$
)5A4T
4eutrphils
$ympocytes
>onocytes
3osinophils
("-887
(.7-".&
8&7-867
7.(7-7."(
67-B"
&!-;8
;&7-;67
88-8C
8"7-("7
7.C7-7.!7
7.&7-7."7
7.7&-7.7B
7.77-7.7C
&77
;:;7
88"
7.;CC
87!.6
;;.B
8;"
B.;
88B
7.B7
7.&!
7.7C
7.7!
Abnormal
Abnormal
Abnormal
Abnormal
Abnormal
Abnormal
Abnormal
4ormal
Abnormal
4ormal
4ormal
4ormal
4ormal