Reading makes perfect-Please read me every day and translate me into Vietnamese

We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away
polluting oceanskilling wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to
1000 years to decompose Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution
!he 1"yearold #anadian high school student$aniel %urd& from Waterloo #ollegiate
'nstitute& has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade in as few as ( monthsa
finding that won him first pri)e at the #anadaWide *cience +aira ,10 000 pri)ea
,-0 000 scholarship& and a chance to revolutioni)e a ma.or environmental issue
%urd/s strategy was simple0 *ince plastic does eventually degrade& it must be eaten by
microorganisms 'f those microorganisms could be identified& we could put them to work
eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions
With this goal in mind& he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted a solution of
household chemicals& yeast and tap water to encourage microbes growth !hen he added
the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for ( months +inallyhe tested
the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bagse1posing one plastic sample to dead
bacteria as a control *ure enough& the plastic e1posed to the live bacteria was 123
lighter than the control after si1 weeks
!he inputs are cheapmaintaining the re4uired temperature takes little energy because
microbes produce heat as they work& and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of
carbon dio1ide
56lmost every week ' have to do chores and when ' open the closet door& ' have piles of
plastic bags falling on top of me 7ne day& ' got tired of it and ' wanted to know what
other people are doing with these plastic bags !he answernot much *o ' decided to do
something myself8said $aniel %urd
1 $aniel %urd won first pri)e at the #anadaWide *cience +air because99999999
6 he found a new kind of microorganism
% he contributed much to environmental protection
# he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time
$ he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way
- $aniel %urd e1posed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to 99999999
6 make the live bacteria work better
% test how effective his method was
# know which bacteria worked faster
$ control the temperature in the process
( :aintaining the re4uired temperature takes little energy because 99999999
6 plastics can get hot easily
% microbes can produce heat themselves
# much carbon dio1ide is produced
$ the temperature can be controlled
; $aniel %urd got his idea from 99999999
6 his school te1tbook
% the failure of researchers
# his everyday work
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Reading makes perfect-Please read me every day and translate me into Vietnamese
$ the practice of other people
!he teacher who did the most to encourage me was& as it happened& my aunt *he was
:yrtle # :anigault& the wife of my mother<s brother %ill *he taught in second grade at
all-black *ummer *chool in #amden& =ew >ersey
$uring my childhood and youth& 6unt :yrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of
my potential& without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black
females ' liked to sing? she listened to my voice and pronounced it good ' couldn<t
dance? she taught me the basic dancing steps *he took me to the theatre 9999 not .ust
children<s theatre but adult comedies and dramas --- and her faith that ' could appreciate
adult plays was not disappointed
:y aunt also took down books from her e1tensive library and shared them with me ' had
books at home& but they were all serious classics @ven as a child ' had a strong liking for
humor& and '<ll never forget the .oy of discovering $on :ar4uis<s 6rchy A :ehitabel
through her
:ost important& perhaps& 6unt :yrtle provided my first opportunity to write for
publication 6 writer herself for one of the black newspapers& she suggested my name to
the editor as a 5youth columnist8 :y column& begun when ' was fourteen& was supposed
to cover teenage social activities---and it did---but it also gave me the freedom to write on
many other sub.ects as well as the habit of gathering material& the discipline of meeting
deadlines& and& after graduation from college si1 years later& a solid collection of
published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing .obs
!oday 6unt :yrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her 5favorite niece8 Bike a
diamond& she has reflected a bright& multifaceted image of possibilities to every pupil
who has crossed her path
1 Which of the following did 6unt :yrtle do to the author during her childhood and
youthC
6 *he lent her some serious classics % *he cultivated her taste for music
# *he discovered her talent for dancing $ *he introduced her to adult plays
- What does 6rchy A :ehitabel in Paragraph ( probably refer toC
6 6 book of great fun % 6 writer of high fame
# 6 serious masterpiece $ 6 heartbreaking play
( 6unt :yrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to 9999
6 develop her capabilities for writing % give her a chance to collect material
# involve her in teenage social activities $ offer her a series of writing .obs
$ate 0
Reading makes perfect-Please read me every day and translate me into Vietnamese
; We can conclude from the passage that 6unt :yrtle was a teacher who 99999
6 trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined
% gave pupils confidence in e1ploiting their potential
# emphasi)ed what was practical or possible for pupils
$ helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning
!he need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world/s supply of
water With D23 of the world/s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture& the
worldwide supply of water needs careful management& especially in agriculture 6lthough
the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high
rainfall country& many of the world/s agricultural industries e1perience constant water
shortages
6lthough dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry
seasons& the costs of water redistribution are very high =ot only is there the cost of the
engineering itself& but there is also an environmental cost to be considered Where valleys
are flooded to create dams& houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed %esides& water
may flow easily through pipes to fields& but it cannot be transported from one side of the
world to the other @ach country must therefore rely on the management of its own water
to supply its farming re4uirements
!his is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent
on irrigation 'n !e1as& farmers/ overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a -53
reduction of the water stores 'n the #entral Valley area of southwestern E*6& a huge
water engineering pro.ect provided water for farming in dry valleys& but much of the
water use has been poorly managed
*audi 6rabia/s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge
4uantities of irrigation water from underground reserves %ecause there is no rainfall in
these areas& such reserves can only decrease& and it is believed that fifty years of pumping
will see them run dry
1 +rom the first two paragraphs we learn that99999999
6 much of the world/s water is available for use
% people in high rainfall countries feel lucky
# the costs of water redistribution should be considered
$ water can be easily carried through pipes across the world
- Which of the following is !RE@C
6 !he water stores in !e1as have been reduced by 253
% :ost industries in the world suffer from water shortages
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Reading makes perfect-Please read me every day and translate me into Vietnamese
# !he underground water in *audi 6rabia might run out in 50 years
$ Food management of water use resulted from the pro.ect in the #entral Valley
( What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that followsC
6 *teps to improving water use management
% Ways to reduce the costs of building dams
# :easures to deal with worldwide water shortages
$ 6pproaches to handling the pressure on water supply
; !he te1t is mainly about99999999
6 water supply and increasing population
% water use management and agriculture
# water redistribution and wildlife protection
$ water shortages and environmental protection
5@1perience may possibly be the best teacher& but it is not a particular good teacher8 Gou
might think that Winston #hurchill or perhaps :ark !wain spoke those words& but they
actually come from >ames :arch& a professor at *tanford Eniversity and a pioneer in the
field of organi)ation decision making +or years :arch H possibly be wisest philosopher
of managementI has studied how humans think and act& and he continues to do so in his
new book !he 6mbiguities of @1perience
Je begins by reminding us of .ust how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of
e1periential learning 05@1perience is respectede1perience is soughte1perience is
e1plained8!he problem is that learning from e1perience involves serious
complications &ones that are part of the nature of e1perience itself and which :arch
discusses in the body of this book
'n one interesting part of bookfor e1amplehe turns a double eye toward the use of
stories as the most effective way of e1periential learning Je says5!he more accurately
reality is presentedthe less understandable the storyand the more understandable the
story& the less realistic it is8
%esides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher :arch is also a poet& and his gift
shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses !hough
the book is short& it is demanding$on<t pick it up looking for 4uick& easy lessons
Rather& be ready to think deeply about learning from e1perience in work and life
1 6ccording to the te1t& >ames :arch is 999999999999
6 a poet who uses e1perience in his writing
% a teacher who teachers story writing in university
# a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
$ a professor who helps organi)ations makes important decisions
$ate 0
Reading makes perfect-Please read me every day and translate me into Vietnamese
- 6ccording to >ames :arch& e1perience 99999999999999
6 is overvalued % is easy to e1plain
# should be actively sought
( What can we learn from Paragraph (C
6 @1perience makes stories more accurate
% *tories made interesting fail to fully present the truth
# !he use of stories is the best way of e1periential learning
$ *tories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described
; What<s the purpose of this te1tC
6 !o introduce a book % !o describe a researcher
# !o e1plain e1periential learning $ !o discuss organi)ational decision making
!he %ritish =ational Jealth *ervice H=J*I was set up in 1D;K and was designed to
provide e4ual basic health care& free of charge& for everybody in the country %efore this
time health care had to be paid for by individuals
=owadays central government is directly responsible for the =J* although it is
administered by local health authorities 6bout K( percent of the cost of the health service
is paid for by general ta1ation and the rest is met from the =ational 'nsurance
contributions paid by those in work !here are charges for prescription and dental care
but many people& such as children& pregnant women& pensioners& and those on 'ncome
*upport& are e1empt from payment
:ost people are registered with a local doctor Ha FP& or Feneral PractitionerI who is
increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community
6s the population of %ritain gets older& the hospital service now treats more patients than
before& although patients spend less time in hospital =J* hospitalsLmany of which
were built in the nineteenth centuryLprovide nearly half a million beds and have over
;K0& 000 medical staff !he =J* is the biggest employer in @urope although %ritain
actually spends less per person on health care than most of her @uropean neighbours
$uring the 1DK0s there was considerable restructuring of the Jealth *ervice with an
increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privati)ation of some services Hfor
e1ample& cleaningI 6t the end of the 1DK0s the government introduced proposals for
further reform of the =J*& including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing& and
encouraging FPs to compete for patients Patients would be able to choose and change
their family doctor more easily and FPs would have more financial responsibility !he
political 4uestions continue of how much money should be provided to support the =J*
and where it should come from
$ate 0
Reading makes perfect-Please read me every day and translate me into Vietnamese
1 We can know from the first paragraph that 999999
6 the original aim of the =J* was to provide e4ual basic health care for everybody
% people didn<t have to pay for health care since the =J* was set up
# patients were charged for receiving health care before 1D;K
$ the =J* was an organi)ation which gave free advice to villagers
- What do we know about the =J*C
6 't<s managed by the central government
% 'ts cost is mainly paid for by the =ational 'nsurance contributions
# 't hires more people than any other unit in @urope
$ +ewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care
( 6ll the following statements about FPs are true e1cept that they 999999
6 take care of the local people<s health
% often take part in competitions to see who is the best
# work under high pressure nowadays
$ have more responsibilities than before
; What does the underlined word 5e1empt8 probably meanC
6 suffering % different # prevented $ free
5 !he biggest problem for the =J* is 999999
6 many hospitals are too old to be used
% some services are in the charge of individuals
# more and more patients go to FPs for treatment
$ there is not enough money for further reform
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