CI Vol. 36no6 - Full

JUNE 2014 Vol. 36 No.
6
40 Emirates Pearl Hotel
Formwork
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13-08129
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Concrete international JUNE 2014 3
JUNE 2014 Vol. 36 No. 6
FORMWORK
30 The New Guide to Formed Concrete Surfaces
Document is designed to assist in dening and achieving
appropriate quality levels for formed concrete elements
by Rolf Spahr and David Johnston
33 Pressure of Internally Vibrated Concrete
Changes in techniques and technology warrant a review of
formwork design equations
by N.J. Gardner
38 Peri Accepting Entries for its Construction Exercise
International competition with challenging requirements and a
long tradition
40 Emirates Pearl Hotel
Design and construction challenges of a twisting tower in the
Middle East
by Ahmed Osman, Whitney Morris, and Ahmed El-Magdoub
ALSO FEATURING
24 ACI Board Committee Members Thanked
25 Slag Cement Association 2013 Project of the Year Awards
45 ASCC Position Statement #42
Proper Use of ACI Reference Specications
55 Congratulations, 2014 Long-Time Members of ACI

64 Concrete Q&A
Consolidation of ConcreteRequired or Not?
44
30
4 JUNE 2014 Concrete international
June
Concrete international
departments
7 Presidents Memo
10 News
15 Education Seminars
16 On the Move
18 Chapter Reports
20 ACI Committee
Document Abstracts
46 Industry Focus
47 Products & Practice
50 Product Showcase
52 Calls for Papers
56 Public Discussion
57 Spanish Translation Synopses
58 Bookshelf
59 Whats New, Whats Coming
61 Membership Application
62 Meetings
63 Bulletin Board
63 Advertisers Index
27
AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE
http://www.concrete.org
Tel. +1.248.848.3700
Fax. +1.248.848.3150
A striking new landmark on the
skyline of Abu Dhabi, the United
Arab Emirates, nears completion.
The complex structure of the Emirates
Pearl Hotel includes a large podium
and a unique tower with an elliptical
core and sloped columns. Many of
the challenges associated with its
construction are described in the
article starting on p. 40.
PUBLISHER
John C. Glumb, CAE
(John.Glumb@concrete.org)
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Rex C. Donahey, PE
(Rex.Donahey@concrete.org)
ENGINEERING EDITOR
W. Agata Pyc
(Agata.Pyc@concrete.org)
MANAGING EDITOR
Keith A. Tosolt
(Keith.Tosolt@concrete.org)
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
Lacey J. Stachel
(Lacey.Stachel@concrete.org)
ADVERTISING
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Network Media Partners, Inc.
(kprice@networkmediapartners.com)
PUBLISHING SERVICES
MANAGER
Barry M. Bergin
EDITORS
Carl R. Bischof (Senior Editor),
Kaitlyn J. Hinman, Ashley A. Poirier,
Kelli R. Slayden (Senior Editor)
GRAPHIC DESIGNERS
Gail L. Tatum (Senior Designer),
Susan K. Esper, Ryan M. Jay,
Aimee M. Kahaian
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
Tiesha Elam
Copyright 2014 American Concrete Institute. Printed in the United States of America. All correspondence should be directed to the
headquarters ofce: 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331. Telephone: +1.248.848.3700. Facsimile (FAX): +1.248.848.3701.
Concrete International (US ISSN 0162-4075) is published monthly by the American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive,
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IN Ci
Board of Direction
Roger J. Becker
Dean A. Browning
Jefrey W. Coleman
Alejandro Duran-Herrera
Robert J. Frosch
Augusto H. Holmberg
PRESIDENT
William E. Rushing Jr.
VICE PRESIDENTS
TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES
COMMITTEE
CHAIR
Ronald J. Janowiak
SECRETARY
Daniel W. Falconer
JoAnn P. Browning
Catherine E. French
Fred R. Goodwin
Trey Hamilton
Neven Krstulovic-Opara
Kimberly E. Kurtis
Kevin A. MacDonald
Jan Olek
Michael S. Stenko
Pericles C. Stivaros
Andrew W. Taylor
Eldon G. Tipping
Kenneth C. Hover
James K. Wight
Anne M. Ellis
Sharon L. Wood Michael J. Schneider
DIRECTORS
PAST PRESIDENT
BOARD MEMBERS
American Concrete Institute
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
COMMITTEE
CHAIR
Frances T. Grifth
STAFF LIAISON
Michael L. Tholen
Cesar A. Constantino
Mary Beth Hueste
John J. Myers
Antonio Nanni
Ronald L. OKane
William D. Palmer Jr.
Lawrence L. Sutter
Lawrence H. Taber
Ronald Vaughn
David W. Whitmore
CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS
COMMITTEE
CHAIR
George R. Wargo
STAFF LIAISON
John W. Nehasil
Khaled W. Awad
Roger J. Becker
Heather J. Brown
Cesar A. Constantino
J. Mitchell Englestead
Brian Green
Augusto H. Holmberg
Joe Hug
Thomas O. Malerk
Thomas L. Rozsits
Michael M. Sprinkel
Vinicio Suarez
David M. Suchorski
Janet White
Cary S. Kopczynski
Steven H. Kosmatka
Kevin A. MacDonald
Fred Meyer
Michael M. Sprinkel
David M. Suchorski
Certication and chapters:
John W. Nehasil,
Managing Director
(John.Nehasil@concrete.org)
Customer and member support:
Melinda G. Reynolds, Manager
(Melinda.Reynolds@concrete.org)
Engineering:
Daniel W. Falconer, Managing Director
(Daniel.Falconer@concrete.org)
Event services:
Lauren E. Mentz, Manager
(Lauren.Mentz@concrete.org)
Finance and administration:
Donna G. Halstead, Managing Director
(Donna.Halstead@concrete.org)
ACI STAFF
Professional development:
Michael L. Tholen, Managing Director
(Mike.Tholen@concrete.org)
Sales and membership:
Diane L. Baloh, Director
(Diane.Baloh@concrete.org)
Strategic Development Council/
Marketing, sales, and
industry relations:
Douglas J. Sordyl,
Managing Director
(Douglas.Sordyl@concrete.org)
Sustainability:
Kevin P. Mlutkowski, Director
(Kevin.Mlutkowski@concrete.org)
Website strategy and content:
Christopher J. Darnell, Director
(Chris.Darnell@concrete.org)
Executive Vice President: Ronald Burg (Ron.Burg@concrete.org)
Senior Managing Director: John C. Glumb (John.Glumb@concrete.org)
Ronald Burg
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
See pages 8-9 for a list of ACIs Sustaining Members.
To learn more about our sustaining members, go to the ACI website at
www.concrete.org/membership/sustainingmembers.aspx.
SUSTAINING MEMBERS
Providing the Right
Instructions
F
undamentally, construction
documents are instructions. And
because they comprise drawings
and specicationstwo media that
require diferent knowledge sets and
skills to produceits not unusual for
construction documents to have
internal conicts. Using reference
specications such as ACIs Standard
Specications for Structural Concrete
(ACI 301-10) can help specication
writers minimize these conicts. But as
the most recent position statement
published by the American Society of
Concrete Contractors makes clear (p. 45),
the documents mandatory checklist
(instructions to those that write
instructions) must be followed.
Some of the checklist items in
ACI 301-10 remind the design team to
provide instructions for architectural
concrete: Designate areas to be treated
as architectural concrete. Describe
special requirements of each designated
area. ACI 301-10 includes descriptions
for many nish types, but it does
notand certainly, could notprovide
descriptions for every possible nish
type. That means the design team must
write its own descriptions and require-
ments, likely in consultation with
documents produced with the help of
designers, producers, and contractors who
have built projects with similar nishes.
Relevant ACI committee documents
include, Guide to Cast-in-Place
Architectural Concrete Practice
(ACI 303R-12) and Guide to Formed
Concrete Surfaces (347.3R-13), which is
introduced in the article starting on
p. 30. Both documents are great
references for specication writers, but
Id be remiss if I didnt ofer a caveat.
Neither of these documents is a
reference specication, and neither
should be treated as suchthey are not
written in mandatory language. The
design team must therefore write its own
descriptions of formed surfaces. And,
although this will not be a simple task,
it will be instructive on multiple levels.
Rex C. Donahey
A True Global Leader.
150 Years. 300 Locations. 30 Countries.
The Forming and Shoring operations of
Harsco Infrastructure are now part of
Aluma Systems.
Presidents
Memo
Without Challenge,
There is No Change
William E. Rushing Jr.,
ACI President
N
ot very long ago, I
decided to undergo a
personal changea
lifestyle change. So, as a result, I
began working with a personal
trainer and told her about my
desired goals and outcomes.
And with that, she started a
program to set me of in a
new direction.
Without a doubt, it was
extremely difcult. I had to
change my old habits and
adopt new ones. All the things
that I had been comfortable
doing for years now required modication, and sometimes
I had to abandon old habits altogether. At one session,
I spoke to my trainer about how hard this was and the
difculty I had dropping my old ways and taking new
directions. And then she told me, Without challenge, there
is no change. Since hearing that statement, those words
have resonated with me and Ive been thinking about how
this may apply to the Institutes new objectives.
And now as we approach a very challenging time in the
progress of the Institute, that saying seems even more
appropriate for all of us to keep in mind. There are so many
new challenges in front of the Institute and many will be
difcult. But in the end, these challenges will point ACI in
new directions to achieve new objectives and goals.
Certainly, most everyone should be aware by now that
ACI 318-14 will soon be published and that this version
represents a new direction in the history of the Code. The
entire committee and support staf denitely faced many
challenges over the past several years while developing this
newly reformatted document. The new format will allow
users to nd information in a more streamlined fashion, so
those challenges will return the investment many times
over in the future.
At the Spring Convention in Reno, NV, our Board
Committees actively discussed new ideas to achieve the
objectives of our strategic plan. As a result of those discussions,
over 400 ideas and proposals were brought forward to
address the desired outcomes of the plan.
At the same convention, the Board approved a new
initiative to seek out and hire an individual to direct ACIs
global activities. This individual will identify and direct our
approach to meeting the needs of concrete professionals
wherever they may reside and work. This will require ACI
to take a more active approach to producing products and
services for the global concrete community. This challenge
is one that has been developing for many years. But meeting
the challenge is expected to enhance the quality and
sustainability of concrete construction worldwide.
Related to this same initiative, the Task Group on
Communications produced a report that included numerous
recommendations relating to ideas and ways to address the
production of products and services for our global partners.
It discusses potential recommendations for new types of
products, distribution channels, and ways to communicate
with concrete professionals around the world.
So many of these ideas are innovative and fresh, and
represent new ways for the Institute to reach the concrete
professional who is seeking knowledge and the latest
technical information. All of these ideas will bring some
challenges, and most will entail signicant new and
diferent approaches for ACI to meet our stated goals
and objectives.
These changes will necessitate that we rethink the ways
we have operated in the past. But to meet our goals and
objectives, we should keep in mind that mantra: Without
challenge, there is no change.
William E. Rushing Jr.
There are so many new challenges
in front of the Institute and many
will be difcult.
To learn more about our sustaining members, visit our website at www.concrete.org/sustainingmembers
are the foundation of our success.
To provide additional exposure to ACI Sustaining Members, Concrete
International includes a 1/3-page member prole and a listing of all Sustaining
Member organizations. All Sustaining Members receive the 1/3-page prole
section on a rotating basis.
Kleinfelder
Kretetek
Lafarge North America
Lithko Contracting, Inc.
Meadow Burke
W. R. Meadows, Inc.
Metromont Corporation
MTL
Municipal Testing
North S.Tarr Concrete Consulting PC
Oztec Industries, Inc.
Pacic Structures
Penetron International Ltd.
PGESCo
Portland Cement Association
Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute
Schmitt Technical Services, Inc.
Sika Corp.
S.K. Ghosh Associates, Inc.
STRUCTURAL
Structural Services, Inc.
Tekna Chem
Triad Engineering, Inc.
TWC Concrete Services
Wacker Neuson
ACS Manufacturing Corporation
Advanced Construction Technology
Services
American Society of Concrete
Contractors
Ash Grove Cement Company
Ashford Formula
Baker Concrete Construction, Inc.
Barrier-1 Inc.
BASF Corporation
BCS
Buzzi Unicem USA
Cantera Concrete Company
CECO Concrete Construction
CHRYSO, Inc.
Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute
CTLGroup
Dayton Superior
Ductilcrete Slab Systems, LLC
The Euclid Chemical Co.
Fibercon International, Inc.
Future Tech Consultants
W.R. Grace & Co.
Headwaters Resources, Inc.
Holcim (US) Inc.
Keystone Structural Concrete, LLC
Buzzi Unicem USA is headquartered
in Bethlehem, PA, and is the fourth
largest cement company in the U.S.
with approximately 1400 employees.
The company produces portland
cement, oil-well blended cements, and
masonry cements. For pavement
repairs requiring limited downtime,
Buzzi Unicem USA ofers specialty
cements and grouts using Qwix

ultra-rapid hardening cement.
The companys eight cement plants,
which produce almost
9 million tons of portland cement
annually, are located in: Cape
Girardeau, MO; Chattanooga, TN;
Greencastle, IN; Maryneal, TX;
Oglesby, IL; Pryor, OK; Selma, MO;
and Stockertown, PA.
The company operates 30 terminals
across the U.S. to distribute its various
cements to over 3800 concrete produc-
ers, highway and airport paving rms,
concrete block companies, and concrete
product rms in 29 states.
In addition, Buzzi Unicem USA
operates 12 concrete plants in Tennes-
see and Missouri.
To learn more about Buzzi Unicem
USA, please visit their website at
www.buzziunicemusa.com or call
+1.610.882.5000.
To learn more about our sustaining members, visit our website at www.concrete.org/sustainingmembers
are the foundation of our success.
Pacic Structures is a concrete
construction company with diverse
experience including multifamily/
mixed-use, ofce buildings, infrastructure
formwork, hotels, parking garages and
solar support structures. The Pacic
Structures team possesses hands-on
know-how achieved over three decades
of designing and building some of the
most complex structures in California.
Company leaders engage the entire
project team, and optimize the
structure for cost, quality, and schedule.
At each stage of design, Pacic
Structures staf continually evaluates
the structure, testing it against hundreds
of other buildings in their database for
key parameters and details. Each
analysis is informed by professionals
with years of experience partnering
with the best structural engineers on
the West Coast.
Once the design is optimized, the
veteran eld operations team attacks
the schedule and the details of the
work on a day-by-day, pour-by-pour
basis to ensure that every aspect of the
project is preplanned and lined out
prior to the start of work. When the
inevitable unknowns come that can
derail a project, the Pacic Structures
team responds quickly and efectively
to keep the project on track and
protect the clients investment.
For more information about Pacic
Structures, visit their website at
www.pacic-structures.com or call
+1.415.970.5434.
Multiquip Inc. is a manufacturer
and distributor of construction, power,
and lighting equipment. Founded in
1973, with headquarters based in
Carson, CA, its principal manufactur-
ing facility is located in Boise, ID.
Recognized for its diverse range of
compaction, dewatering and power
equipment, Multiquip branded products
are widely utilized within the concrete
and masonry construction industry.
In 2014, the Multiquip Whiteman
brand celebrated its 75th anniversary
as the premier line of walk-behind and
ride-on power trowels in the industry.
The Multiquip Essick brand of mixers,
in continuous production since 1923,
is the preferred plaster-mortar mixer
among masonry contractors. Multiquip
Mayco concrete pumps have been in
production since 1964.
Multiquip has a well-established
network of eld application specialists
and supports its equipment with a
worldwide network of distributors and
authorized service centers.
For more information about the
Multiquip family of products, please
visit their www.multiquip.com or
call +1.800.421.1244.
TEKNACHEM was created thanks to
the willingness of a group of technicians
and chemists that achieved an approved
experience from pioneer companies in
the cement and concrete industry.
These technicians and chemists have
been present in this sector since 1965.
TEKNACHEM was the result of the
fusion of a group of chemists and
technicians that accumulated knowledge
and technological know-how, which
guarantee the success of TEKNACHEM
in the worldwide market. A highly
qualied sales engineer staf operates
on sites by ofering their partners a
wide range of products as well as
technical assistance for their imple-
mentation. TEKNACHEM responds to
its customers needs through their
facilities and a process of listening that
permits them to customize production
according to their requirements, such
as applications of the types of aggregates
to use, weather conditions, implemen-
tation constraints, etc.
TEKNACHEM, when speaking of
customer service, ofers assistance
through the Istituto Italiano per il
Calcestruzzo, which is the founder and
supporter. It operates in North Africa
with headquarters in Sidi-Bel-Abbes,
Algeria, in partnership with Hasnaoui.
It is currently manufacturing facilities
in Tunisia, Morocco and Russia.
For more information about
TEKNACHEM, visit www.teknachem.it
or www.teknachem.com.
News
Tri-State Adhesive Anchor Orientation
Alan Sparkman, Executive Director of the Tennessee
Concrete Association (TCA), coordinated and hosted ACIs
Adhesive Anchor Installer (AAI) Orientation program in
Memphis, TN. The 2-day orientation was led by Mike
Morrison, ACI Manager, Certication Program Develop-
ment, and John Conn, ACI Manager, Certication Opera-
tions and Chapters. The session was held at Memphis
Ready Mix in late April and was attended by Rita Madison,
Executive Director of the Arkansas Ready Mixed Concrete
Association (ARMCA), and Harry Lee James, Executive
Director of the Mississippi Concrete Industry Association
(MCIA). Other Board members from the associations and
product representatives from ITW Redhead, Hilti, Powers,
and Simpson Strong-Tie also attended. The AAI program is
now available in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee
through these ACI sponsoring groups.
Following the orientation program, a joint AAI session,
open to the public, was ofered. Participants representing
contractors located in Mississippi attended the session.
The statement explains that ooring contractors (Divi-
sion 9) and concrete contractors (Division 3) measure oor
atness by diferent means. In addition, curling causes oor
atness to change over time, making it impossible to
predict the atness of a slab when the oor coverings are
installed. The solution to this, the associations agree, is for
the owner to provide a bid allowance, established by the
designer and based on the oor covering requirements,
forany grinding and patching necessary to close the gap
between Division 3 tolerances and Division 9 tolerances.
The diference between how Division 3 and Division 9
measure oor atness, and the changes that occur in a
concrete slab between pouring and the time the oor
covering is applied, have been the source of many arguments,
much misspent time, and numerous lawsuits, according to
Bruce Suprenant, ASCC Technical Director.
We believe an allowance in the bid would accomplish
two things, Suprenant explained. First, it would cover the
cost of the patching and grinding that is almost always
required. Second, it brings the issue to the attention of the
owner and designer early on, hopefully forcing them to
acknowledge that the point in question does in fact exist.
Many members of the ASCC have successfully used this
Position Statement to drive home this point with owners,
Mike Poppof, ASCC President, said. We believe a joint
statement from Division 3 and Division 9 contractors will
carry even more weight and make the construction process
go more smoothly for all involved.
The Floor Flatness Position Statement may be down-
loaded at www.ascconline.org.
Short Course on Grouting Fundamentals
and Current Practice
The Colorado School of Mines is hosting the 35th
Annual Short Course on Grouting Fundamentals and
Current Practice on June 16-20, 2014, in Golden, CO. This
course covers injection grouting as a method to improve
soil to reduce settlement and increase strength and to
decrease permeability of soil and rock masses. Major
topics covered include properties of cementitious and
chemical grouts, procedures for cement and chemical
grouting, eld monitoring and verication, grouting rock
under dams, grouting of rock anchors and micropiles,
deep mixing, jet grouting, diaphragm walls, compaction
grouting, slab jacking, structural grouting, and grouting
for underground structures.
Included in the curriculum is a eld demonstration of
compaction and permeation grouting, ow of ultrane
cement, grout mixing, use of cellular concrete in annular
grouting, overburden drilling, grouting of rock anchors,
and use of packers.
At the AAI Orientation program in Memphis, TN, from left: John
Conn, ACI; Rita Madison, ARMCA; Jason Drake, W.R. Grace;
Harry Lee James, MCIA; Issac Raymond, ITW Redhead; Robert
Varner, Burns Cooley Dennis; and Alan Sparkman, TCA
Industry Groups Endorse ASCC Position
Statement on Floor Flatness Tolerances
Three additional national associationsthe International
Union of Bricklayers and Allied Crafworkers, the Tile
Contractors Association of America, and the International
Masonry Institutehave endorsed a Position Statement on
oor atness tolerances written by the American Society of
Concrete Contractors (ASCC). The position statement had
previously been endorsed by the National Wood Flooring
Association and the Flooring Contractors Association.
Members of the associations will use the document to
helpresolve this ongoing construction issue.
For more information, visit www.ascconline.org or call
+1.866.788.2722.
PCA Professors Workshop
The Portland Cement Association (PCA) Professors
Workshop will take place July 21-25, 2014, at the PCA
campus in Skokie, IL. Sessions will cover concrete materials
properties; engineering and economics of concrete
buildings; design, construction, and performance of
concrete pavements; and design and construction of
concrete bridges by the American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Ofcials LRFD Bridge
Design Specications.
The Professors Workshop is designed to provide faculty
in engineering, architecture, and construction management
programs the tools to teach the latest developments in
concrete design, construction, and materials. There will be
networking opportunities to exchange ideas with professors
from many universities, demonstrations by sofware
vendors, and free resource materials.
News
For further information and registration, go to http://
csmspace.com/events/grouting.
ASTM International Symposium
on Masonry
The ASTM International Symposium on Masonry 2014 will
be held June 24 at the Sheraton Centre Toronto in Toronto,
ON, Canada. ASTM International Committees C01, Cement;
C07, Lime; C12, Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry; and
C15, Manufactured Masonry Units, are cosponsoring the event.
The objective of Masonry 2014 is to gather and disseminate
the latest information on innovations in masonry materials,
design, specication, construction, maintenance, and rehabili-
tation. The symposium will emphasize the application of
ASTM standards to those areas and their coordination with
building codes, project specications, and international
standards. The technical program will include more than
15papers covering a broad range of masonry industry topics.
Online registration closes June 18. There is no atten-
dance fee for ASTM members, presenters, and students with
a valid ID. The fee for non-ASTM
members is $25 online and $50 on-site.
For registration and additional
information, visit www.astm.org/
C07Masonry2014.
ASCC Concrete Executive
Leadership Forum
The American Society of Concrete
Contractors (ASCC) will hold its 22nd
Concrete Executive Leadership Forum
July 17-20, 2014, at La Posada de Santa
Fe, in Santa Fe, NM. The Forum is a
leadership and management conference
and includes seminars, roundtable
discussions, a golf tournament, and
other activities. Speakers for 2014
include social media expert Crystal
Washington, former U.S. Assistant
Secretary of Health and Human
Services Ben Sasse, construction
industry econo mist Anirban Basu,
andlawyer Ben Tymann.
Roundtables cover such topics as
preparing the next generation to lead the
business, identifying key performance
indicators, and engineering higher
margins. These open discussions provide
the opportunity for attendees to benet
from their peers experience with
take aways that enhance their businesses.
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News
For more information, visit www.cement.org or contact
Michelle Wilson, PCA, telephone: +1.847.972.9034; e-mail:
mwilson@cement.org.
International Workshop on
Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
The Second FRC International Workshop (rst ACIb
Joint Workshop) on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: From
Design to Structural Applications, will be held July 24-25,
2014, in Montreal, QC, Canada. The symposium will be
held at Polytechnique Montreal, located on the University
of Montreal campus.
The 2-day workshop will feature four main sessions, in
which more than 15 world experts in FRC structures will
make presentations on design specications, structural
applications, and nonstructural and underground elements.
Presentations of case studies will focus both on structural
design and on the description of applications, such as
beams, elevated oors, tunnel linings, slabs, pavements,
precast elements, and bridges.
Details about the workshop are available at www.polymtl.
ca/frc2014, or contact Bruno Massicotte, Polytechnique
Montreal, telephone: +1.514.340.4711, ext. 4218; fax:
+1.514.340.5881; e-mail: frc2014@polymtl.ca.
CIM Program Holds Record-Breaking
Auction
The National Steering Committee (NSC) for the Concrete
Industry Management (CIM) program a business inten sive
program that awards students with a 4-year BS degree in
concrete industry managementraised more than $810,000
in gross revenue at its ninth annual auction, held in
conjunction with World of Concrete.
The NSC of the Concrete Industry Management
program is pleased to report that the 2014 World of
Concrete Auction surpassed our highest gross proceeds
total ever, commented Mike Philipps, CIM NSC Auction
Subcommittee Chairman. This is a great example of the
high value the concrete industry places on the CIM program.
We had a record in terms of the value of donated items and
attendees at the auction that helped make this years event
a huge success.
The signature item this year was a Mack Granite
Axle
Forward concrete truck chassis mounted with a McNeilus
11 yd
3
(8.5 m
3
) Bridgemaster
concrete transit mixer,

donated by Mack Trucks, Inc., and McNeilus Co., a Division
of Oshkosh Truck. The winning bidder for the mixer truck
was U.S. Concrete, Inc., Euless, TX.
We are very pleased with how everyone stepped up to
donate and bid on the great auction items and support the
At the CIM auction, from left: Gene Martineau, Executive
Director, CIM NSC; Stephen Roy, President, Mack Trucks; Wally
Johnson, Vice President, Sales and Marketing, U.S. Concrete; Bill
Sandbrook, President and CEO, U.S. Concrete; and Mike Philipps,
Vice President, Market Development, CEMEX and CIM NSC
Auction Subcommittee Chairman
CRSI ANSI Standard on
Reinforcement Supports
The Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI) standard
on Supports for Reinforcement Used in Concrete is
amandatory-language document appropriate for citation
inor adoption by reference in building codes or project
specications. This specication covers the design, use, and
material requirements of reinforcement supports used in
concrete with various types of reinforcement, including
but not limited to plain and deformed reinforcing bars,
prestressing steel, post-tensioning tendons, steel wire,
CIM program, continued Philipps. The money raised will
benet the NSC and support the current CIM programs.
We were fortunate to have the incredible support of the
World of Concrete Show Management, Hanley Wood
Publications, and Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers, said CIM NSC
Marketing Committee Chairman Brian Gallagher. We
thank the many companies such as McNeilus Companies,
Inc.; Mack Trucks, Inc.; Somero Enterprises; and the
numerous companies that donated items to the auction to
make it a complete success.
In addition to the live auction, a silent auction was also
held. This year, CIM had record proceeds of more than
$65,000 from the silent auction. Auction items included
cement, concrete saws, drills, mixers, vibrators, safety equip -
ment, screeds, ber transport systems, dust collectors, decor ative
concrete tools, water meters, pumps, generators, training
sessions, reference books, advertisements, laptop computers,
sports travel packages, and golf and vacation travel packages.
Visit www.concretedegree.com for more information
on the CIM program.
andplain and deformed steel welded
wire reinforcement.
The American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) recently approved
CRSI as a Standards Development
Organization. CRSI is also producing
two standards related to its certication
programs for epoxy-coated reinforcing
bars: Standard Practice for Epoxy
Coating Facilities: Straight Bar Lines
and Standard Practice for Epoxy-Coated
Reinforcing Bar Fabrication Facilities.
Go to www.crsi.org for more
information.
Lafarge U.S. Conservation
Programs Grow through
Wildlife Habitat Council
Certication
Conservation projects at 35 Lafarge
North America sites across the United
States were certied or recertied last
year by the Wildlife Habitat Council
(WHC). Twenty-eight of these projects
fall under WHCs Wildlife at Work
program, which oversees voluntary
eforts that go beyond regulatory
requirements to restore and conserve
wildlife habitats on corporate-owned
land. The remaining seven projects
operate under WHCs Corporate
Lands for Learning certication,
whichgoes a step further by opening
up corporate lands to the local
community for educational use.
WHC works with businesses to
translate corporate sustainability goals
and objectives into measurable
real-world action that addresses a
habitats most pressing needs. By
building collaboration among corpo-
rations, other conservation organizations,
government agencies, and local
residents, WHC conservation programs
strive to build healthy ecosystems and
connected communities.
Since 2008, Lafarge has been
working with WHC to restore and
preserve habitats where they operate
through projects that promote the
News
diversity of native plants and animals.
The Lafarge programs certied under
WHCs Corporate Lands for Learning
also serve as hands-on outdoor
classrooms for local schools and
community groups. Examples of these
conservation initiatives include
planting trees and shrubs to enhance
habitats, establishing gardens that
attract essential pollinators, mounting
bird houses, building brush piles to
provide cover for animals, and building
and maintaining water supplies.
Since 2010, the Lafarge Group has
been part of the Dow Jones Sustain-
ability World Index, a global sustain-
ability benchmark that evaluates the
sustainable development actions of
companies. More information is
available on the Lafarge Groups
website: www.lafarge.com.
In Remembrance
Bohdan Nicholas (Nick) Horeczko,
longtime Director of Professional
Services for the ICC Evaluation Service
(ICC-ES), passed away April 8, 2014.
He was 74. He had 52 years of civil
engineering experience in design,
construction, manufacturing, research,
building code services, and building
products evaluationincluding 42 of
those years with ICC-ES and the legacy
organization, International Conference
of Building Ofcials. For the past
15 years, he actively participated on
ACI Committee 440, Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer Reinforcement, and its various
subcommittees. Horeczko was a Fellow
of the American Society of Civil Engi-
neers and the Institute for the Advance -
ment of Engineering. He also was a
member of the Structural Engi neers
Association of California, Earthquake
Engineering Research Institute,
ASTM International, and Construction
Specication Institute. He received his BS
in engineering from Loyola Uni versity
and his MS in civil engineering from
California State University.
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News
NSSGA Updated on Mine Safety
In a meeting on March 5, 2014, with the National Stone,
Sand & Gravel Association (NSSGA) in Las Vegas, NV,
Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health
Joseph A. Main updated NSSGAs Board of Directors on
recent actions taken by the Mine Safety and Health Admin-
istration (MSHA) to improve miner safety and health. The
NSSGA represents companies that produce more than
90%of the crushed stone and 70% of the sand and gravel
consumed annually in the United States.
In his remarks, Main stated that mine safety has been
ona steady path of improvement since the agency began
implementing reforms in 2010, including the Rules to Live
By initiative that focuses on the most common causes of
mining deaths, impact inspections of problem mines, and
the Pattern of Violations program targeting chronic
violators. The latter initiative has resulted in improved
compliance, reduced injuries, and an 83% reduction in the
number of chronic violators.
The industry as a whole achieved the lowest fatality and
injury rates in the history of mining in 2011 and again in 2012,
a trend that continued through FY 2013. From 2010 through
2013, there has been a 25% decrease in violations in the metal
and nonmetal mining industry. Main noted, however, that in
the last quarter of 2013, there were nine metal and nonmetal
mining deaths, a trend that MSHA is working to reverse.
MSHA has worked to identify areas to improve compliance
and miners safety and health. Since the publication of a
Program Policy Letter recognizing Occupational Safety and
Health Administration standards on fall protection, fall
protection violations have dropped 25%.
Correction
In the April 2014 article How Does Cold Reinforcing
Steel Afect Fresh Concrete? by Ronald L. Kozikowski, W.
Calvin McCall, and Bruce A. Suprenant, the data in Tables 2
and 3 on page 51 was inadvertently transposed. The corrected
tables are included in the online PDF version of the article.
Convenience
You schedule training whenever it works best for your
organization and your employees. You name the location,
the time, and the topic; and well make it happen!
Cost-effectiveness
Realize savings by eliminating the high costs associated with em-
ployee travel and lodging. We bring the seminar to your door!
Expert instructors
Excellence in the eld you choose. Each custom seminar
is usually conducted by two instructors who are recognized
experts in their eld.
State-of-the-art publications
The latest publications prepared by one of more than 130
ACI technical committees can supplement the speaker hand-
outs. ACI publications are available at a 50% discount.
Fees
Seminar fees start at $7600 ($8100 for ACI/PCA 318-11
Building Code) for a 1-day seminar. Numerous topics are
ready to go. Any concrete-related topic can be created and
custom-designed to meet your specic organizational needs at
an additional cost.
Contact
Eva Korzeniewski, Seminar Coordinator
American Concrete Institute
38800 Country Club Drive
Farmington Hills, MI 48331
Phone: +1.248.848.3754
Fax: +1.248.848.3792
Eva.Korzeniewski@concrete.org
www.concreteseminars.com
Topics
ACI/PCA 318-11 Building Code Requirements for
Structural Concrete
ACI/PCA Simplied Design of Concrete Buildings of
Moderate Size and Height
Anchorage to Concrete
Basics of Concrete Materials and Testing
Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety-Related
Concrete Structures
Concrete Repair Basics
Construction of Concrete Slabs-on-Ground
Design of Concrete Slabs-on-Ground
Environmental Engineering ConcreteDesign and Details
Physical TesterBasics of Cement Testing
Portland Cement Concrete Overlays: State of the Technology
Reinforced Concrete Design
Repair of Concrete Bridges, Parking Decks, and Other
Transportation Structures
Repair of Concrete Workshop
Seismic and Wind Design Considerations for
Concrete Buildings
Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures
Troubleshooting Concrete Construction
Troubleshooting Concrete Floor Problems
Troubleshooting Concrete Forming and Shoring
ACI Custom Seminars
Personalized training to t your organizations needs and goals
For more information regarding
available Custom Seminar topics, visit
www.concreteseminars.com and click
on Custom Seminars.
ACI member Ed McGuire was named President of
Bob Moore Construction. He has more than 30 years of
experience with projects around the United States. McGuire
received his bachelors degree in construction science from
Iowa State University. He joined Bob Moore Construction
as an Estimator in 1984 and was promoted to Vice President
of Construction in 1992. He has provided oversight for all
construction and eld operations for the company, leading
project management and eld personnel, and coordinating
and negotiating with clients. He is a member of ACI
Committees 211, Proportioning Concrete Mixtures; 302,
Construction of Concrete Floors; 360, Design of Slabs on
Ground; 551, Tilt-Up Concrete Construction; and C650,
Tilt-up Constructor Certication. Also, he is a member and
a former President of the Board of Directors for the Tilt-Up
Concrete Association.
Ryan-Biggs Associates promoted ACI member Christopher
Latreille to Principal Associate. He has been with the rm
since 2001 and has managed many of the rms structural
design projects. Latreille received his bachelors and
masters degrees from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
(RPI). He is a member of ACI Committee 306, Cold
Weather Concreting. Also, he is a member of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, the American Institute of Steel
Construction, and Chi Epsilon. Latreille is the immediate
past President of the Central New York ACI Chapter and
sits on the Civil and Environmental Engineering Advisory
Board at RPI.
Titan Group announced Aris Papadopoulos will be
retiring from the position of CEO, efective August 1, 2014.
He will become Executive Chairman of ST Equipment &
Technologies, reporting to the Group CEO and also serving
as an advisor. Papadopoulos started at Titan America
20 years ago with a joint venture with Roanoke Cement
and led Titan America through a growth trajectory that
included the acquisition of Tarmac America and Separation
Technologies, which modernized the companys two
cement plants, and numerous other expansions and
acquisitions. Papadopoulos successor is Bill Zarkalis,
Group CFO since 2010. He joined the group in 2008 as
Director of Business Development and previously held
executive positions at Dow Chemical.
Spancrete

named Michael Schmidt as Director of
Design and Engineering. His responsibilities will include
leading the design and engineering department and
assisting with sales and project management. Also, he will
drive the strategic development and delivery of Spancretes
latest 3D/BIM oferings and engineering services. Schmidt
has 34 years of experience of engineering and architectural
design. He recently served as the Structural Department
Head for Wisconsin at Henneman Engineering, Inc.
Schmidt received his bachelors degree in architectural
studies and a masters of architecture from the University
of Illinois.
Walker Parking Consultants announced the following
promotions:

Rick Klein, Principal, joined Walker in 1994, as Design
Engineer and has been the Director of Operations since
1999. He received his degree from the University of
Michigan;

James Warner, Principal, started at the Philadelphia, PA,
ofce in 2002, as Project Manager and relocated to the
Houston, TX, ofce as the Director of Operations in 2007.
He received his degree from Pennsylvania State University;

James Pudleiner, Managing Principal, joined the
Philadelphia ofce in 2002, as Design Engineer and was
promoted to Director of Operations in 2010. He received
his degree from Pennsylvania State University;

Gary Rider, Managing Principal started at the Kalamazoo,
MI, ofce in 2000, as Project Manager. He transferred to
the Tampa, FL, ofce in 2005 and was promoted to
Director of Operations in 2008. He received his BS and
MS from Michigan State University; and

David Ryan, Managing Principal, joined the Elgin, IL,
ofce in 1998, as Project Manager. He was promoted to
Director of Operations in 2007. He received his degrees
from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Honors and Awards
The Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI)
recognized William Schneider with the rst-ever ICPI
Lifetime Achievement Award. This award recognizes
signicant contributions to the industry through knowledge,
technical innovation, and advocacy. Schneider is a charter
member of ICPI and the rst to Chair the ICPI Construction
Committee. He developed the content for the Concrete
Paver Installer Course and was the rst instructor of this
course that has seen over 15,000 participants since its inception.
Schneider has served on ICPIs Board of Directors, Executive
Committee, and various committees.
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Anchorage in Anchorage
The Alaska Chapter American Concrete Institute, one
of ACIs newest chapters, hosted an Adhesive Anchor
Installer (AAI) Certication Orientation program in
Anchorage, AK, in early April 2014. The chapter has already
established ACIs certication program, ofering Field
Testing Technician-Grade I Strength Testing Technician,
Aggregate Testing Technician-Level I, and now the AAI
certication. Peter Giessel, Alyeska Pipeline Service Co., is
the chapters lead person for the new program.
John Nehasil, ACI Managing Director, Certication and
Chapters, and Mike Morrison, ACI Manager, Certication
Program Development, spent a week in Anchorage execut-
ing the AAI orientation program and discussing practices
associated with the Field Technician and Strength Techni-
cian programs. Aferward, the chapter held AAI certica-
tion program sessions at Prudhoe Bay in late April and
Anchorage in early May.
Nebraska Chapter Project Awards
The Nebraska Chapter American Concrete Institute
acknowledged eight projects at its 2013 Awards of Excellence
banquet, held in Lincoln, NE, in January 2014. The competition
recognizes outstanding work (completed in 2013) in concrete
construction and practices within the state of Nebraska.
Awards of Excellence went to:

Norris Intermediate School (Norris), Norris Community
School District, Owner; DLR Group, Structural Engi-
neer; Hausmann Construction, General Contractor;
Beatrice Concrete Company, Concrete Supplier; and
Coreslab Structures, Precast Supplier; and

Lincoln Financial Group Parking Garage (Omaha),
Lincoln Financial Group, Owner; Leo A Daly, Engineer;
e.Construct USA, LLC, Soil Nail Wall Engineer; MCL
Construction Company, General Contractor; Ready
Mixed Concrete Co., Omaha, Concrete Supplier; and
Coreslab Structures, Precast Supplier.
The Outstanding Achievement winners included:

Missouri River Bridge (Rulo), state of Nebraska, Owner;
Harrington & Cortelyou, Project Designer; Transystems,
Project Designer; Cramer & Associates and Commercial
Construction, Inc., Prime Contractors; and Concrete
Industries, Inc., Concrete Supplier;

Mutual of Omaha, Dodge Street Entrance (Omaha),
Mutual of Omaha, Owner; Lamp, Rynearson &
Associates, Inc., Civil Engineer; Hawkins Construction
Company, General Contractor; and Ready Mixed
Concrete Co., Omaha, Concrete Supplier; and

Christophers Cove Bridge (Columbus), City of Columbus,
Owner; Speece Lewis Engineers, Inc., Designer; KEA
Constructors, General Contractor; Gehring Construction &
Ready Mix Co., Inc., Concrete Contractor; and Gerhold
Concrete Company, Precast Supplier.
The Honorable Mention winners included Sadof Iron &
Metal Company (Lincoln), Boys Town National Research
Hospital Playground (Omaha), and Monsanto 2013
Expansion (Waco).
Awards banquet sponsors included Odell Concrete
Pumping Service; NEBCO; Speece Lewis Engineers, Inc.;
Central Plains Cement Company; Thiele Geotech, Inc.;
e.Construct USA, LLC; Nebraska Concrete and Aggregates
Association; BASF Corporation; Lyman Richey Corpora-
tion; Kearney Concrete; Ash Grove Cement Company;
Stephens & Smith; and Brett Admixtures.
At its annual meeting earlier this year, the Nebraska
Chapter ACI elected its 2014 Ofcers and Board of
Directors. They are President Jereme Montgomery, Nebraska
Concrete and Aggregates Association; President Elect Bob
Irwin, Stephens & Smith Construction; Vice President
Michael Gerdes, Thiele Geotech, Inc.; Secretary Kristi
Nohavec, Leo A. Daly; Treasurer Michael Willman, WR
Grace; Past President Tim Hegeholz, Ash Grove Cement
Company; and Executive Secretary Richard T. DeLorm,
University of Nebraska (retired).
Board of Directors members are Josh Kankovsky,
Thiele Geotech, Inc.; George Morcous, University of
Nebraska; Tom Trumble, Olsson Associates; Bill Cook,
Nebraska Concrete Paving Association; Kyle Pof,
Kearney Concrete Co.; and Ben Ricerri, Ready Mixed
Concrete Co., Omaha.
Chapter
Reports
At the Alaska Chapter ACI certification orientation program,
from left: Rich Giessel, Alaska Department of Transportation; Mark
Symonds, Senco AK; Peter Giessel, Alyeska Pipeline Service Co.;
John Buzdor, HBL, LLC; R. Scott Gartin, Consultant and Alaska
Chapter ACI President; Mark Hansen, Consultant; and
Mike Morrison, ACI
Visit www.aciconvention.org for all the details!
*Taxes and other fees may apply.
Reserve
your spot!
ACI Fall 2014 Convention
October 26-30, 2014
Register by September 28, 2014
to take advantage of
reduced registration rates!
The Washington Hilton will house all convention
events. A limited time rate of $232 per night* is
available to convention attendees through June 30th!
The following ACI documents will soon be available:
TechNote: Concrete Thixotropy
(ACI 238.2T-14)
Reported by ACI Committee 238, Workability of Fresh
Concrete: Eric P. Koehler, Chair; Peter H. Billberg, Secretary;
Soane Amziane, Denis Beaupre, Berthold Berman, Van K.
Bui, Samir E. Chidiac, Peter A. Claisse, Yogini S. Deshpande,
Peter L. Domone, Chiara F. Ferraris, Raissa P. Ferron, David W.
Fowler, Mette Geiker, Jiong Hu, Aulis Kappi, Kamal H.
Khayat, Zhuguo Li, Richard B. McCarthy, Nikola Mikanovic,
Moncef L. Nehdi, H. Celik Ozyildirim, Vincent Picandet,
Rafael Giuliano Peleggi, Konstantin Sobolev, Mohammed
Sonebi, Jussara Tanesi, Kejin Wang, and Min-Hong Zhang;
Neil J. Crockett and Turhan Y. Erdogan, Consulting members.
Abstract: Fresh concrete can exhibit diferent rheological
behavior when at rest than when owing. This diference is
due to thixotropy, which can have important consequences
for formwork pressure, multi-lif casting, slipform paving,
pumping, and segregation resistance. This TechNote denes
thixotropy and distinguishes it from other changes in
rheological properties; discusses the origins of, test methods
for measuring, and factors afecting thixotropy; and
concludes with its applications.
Report on Analysis and Design of
Seismic-Resistant Concrete Bridge
Systems (ACI 341.2R-13)
Reported by ACI Committee 341, Earthquake-Resistant
Concrete Bridges: Sri Sritharan,
*
Chair; Mark A. Aschheim,
Secretary; Hossam M. Abdou, Nagi A. Abo-Shadi, Robert B.
Anderson,
*
Bassem Andrawes, Dino Bagnariol, Abdeldjelil
Belarbi, Sarah L. Billington, JoAnn P. Browning, Rigoberto
Burgueno, W. Gene Corley,
Shukre J. Despradel,
*
Angel E.
Herrera, David Hieber, Riyadh A. Hindi, Eric Michael
Hines, Ahmed M.M. Ibrahim, Mervyn J. Kowalsky, Sena
Kumarasena,
*
Dawn E. Lehman, Kevin R. Mackie, Adolfo B.
Matamoros, Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou, Bradley N. Robson,
Mario E. Rodriguez,
*
M. Saiid Saiidi, Ayman E. Salama,
*

David H. Sanders, Pedro F. Silva, Glenn R. Smith, Bozidar
Stojadinovic, Matthew J. Tobolski, Raj Valluvan,
*
Ronald J.
Watson, Nadim I. Wehbe, Maged A. Youssef, and Qun
Zhong-Brisbois; Y. Frank Chen, Edward P. Wasserman, and
Stewart C. Watson, Consulting members.
*
Subcommittee members who prepared this report
Subcommittee Chair
Deceased
The committee thanks the following people for their contributions
to this report: M. Aydemir, P. Amin, V. Chandra, W.-F. Chen, B. Chung,
T. Cooper, E. He, M. Hosseini, N. Johnson, P. Lipscombe, E.M. Lui, E.
Matsumoto, H. Mutsuyoshi, V. Nugent, M. Raoof, P. Somerville,
S. Zhu, and N. Zoubi.
Abstract: This report is intended for use by practicing
engineers and provides a summary of the state-of-the-art
analysis, modeling, and design of concrete bridges subjected
to strong earthquakes. It is intended to supplement and
complement existing documents from the American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Ofcials
(AASHTO), California Department of Transportation
(Caltrans), and various building codes and guidelines.
Procedures and philosophies of codes and guidelines are
summarized. Linear and nonlinear seismic analysis methods
are also discussed and important modeling considerations
for diferent bridge elements, including curved girders and
skewed abutments, are highlighted. The report also includes
a summary of general seismic-resistant design and construc-
tion considerations for concrete bridges, as well as analysis
and design considerations for bridges with seismic isolation.
Code Requirements for Nuclear Safety-
Related Concrete Structures (ACI 349-13)
and Commentary
Reported by ACI Committee 349, Concrete Nuclear
Structures: Herman L. Graves III, Chair; Adeola K.
Adediran, Vice Chair; Partha S. Ghosal, Vice Chair; Lisa M.
Anderson, Secretary; Omesh B. Abhat, Taha D. Al-Shawaf,
Ranjit L. Bandyopadhyay,
*
Harry A. Chambers, Ronald A.
Cook, Rolf Eligehausen, Farhad Farzam, Werner A.F. Fuchs,
Stewart C. Gallocher, Branko Galunic, Orhan Gurbuz,
James A. Hammell, Joseph Kendall Harrold, Gunnar A.
Harstead, Christopher Heinz, Charles J. Hookham, Ronald J.
Janowiak, Scott A. Jensen, Richard E. Klingner, Nam-Ho
Lee, Javeed Munshi, Dan J. Naus, Dragos A. Nuta, Richard S.
Orr, Anton D. Pirtz, John F. Silva, Bozidar Stojadinovic,
Barendra K. Talukdar, Donald T. Ward, Andrew S. Whittaker,
Albert Y.C. Wong, and Charles A. Zalesiak; Hansraj G. Ashar,
Peter J. Carrato, and Mukti L. Das, Consulting members.
The committee recognizes the following non-voting members for
their contributions to the development of the code revision: M.M.
Allam, J. Asmus, M.D. DAmbrosia, C.F. Ferraris, O. Jovall, A. McAlpin,
M.C. Mota, N. Orbovic, D. Ramos, M. Sircar, and J.B. Turley.
*Ranjit L. Bandyopadhyay was a long-time member of ACI Com-
mittee 349 and the Committee Chair of ACI 349 at the time of his
death in 2010. The committee expresses its appreciation for his friend-
ship and leadership.
Abstract: This standard covers the proper design and
construction of concrete structures that form part of a
ACI Committee Document
Abstracts
nuclear power plant and that have nuclear safety-related
functions, but does not cover concrete reactor vessels and
concrete containment structures (as dened by Joint
ACI-ASME Committee 359, Concrete Containments for
Nuclear Reactors). The structures covered by the Code
include concrete structures inside and outside the contain-
ment system. All notation sections have been removed from
the beginning of each chapter and consolidated into one
list in Chapter 2. The format of this Code is based on the
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
(ACI 318-08) and Commentary and incorporates recent
revisions of that standard. The commentary, which is
presented afer the Code, discusses some of the considerations
of ACI Committee 349 in developing Code Requirements
for Nuclear Safety-Related Concrete Structures (ACI 349-13).
This information is provided in the commentary because
the Code is written as a legal document and therefore
cannot present background details or suggestions for
carrying out its requirements.
Report for the Design of Concrete
Structures for Blast Effects (ACI 370R-14)
Reported by ACI Committee 370, Blast and Impact Load
Efects: Eric B. Williamson,
*
Chair; William L. Bounds,
*

Secretary; Adeola K. Adediran,
*
Abi Assadi,
*
Darrell D.
Barker,
*
Bal K. Cherwoo,
*
Savita Goel, David Kerins,
Theodor Krauthammer,
*
Paul F. Mlakar,
*
Madhav G. Nene,
*

Barendra K. Talukdar,
*
Joseph W. Tedesco,
*
James W.
Wesevich,
*
Stanley C. Woodson, David Z. Yankelevsky
,*
and
William H. Zehrt Jr.
*
; Quentin A. Baker, Eve E. Hinman,
Sam A. Kiger, and Jaap Weerheijm, Consulting members.
*
Members who contributed to the writing of the report.
Abstract: This report addresses the design of structures
to resist blast efects due to explosions. It describes the state
of the practice for the guidance of structural engineers
charged with the design of civil facilities that may be
subjected to blast loads. This report addresses the steps
commonly followed in this practice, including determination
of the threat, calculation of structural loads, behavior of
structural systems, design of structural elements, design of
security windows, design of security doors, and design of
utility openings.
Code Requirements for Load Testing
of Existing Concrete Structures
(ACI 437M-13) and Commentary
Reported by ACI Committee 437, Strength Evaluation of
Existing Concrete Structures: Carl J. Larosche,
*
Chair;
J. Gustavo Tumialan,
*
Secretary; Joseph A. Amon,
Nicholas J.
Carino, Paolo Casadei, John A. Frauenhofer, Nestore
Galati,
*
Zareh B. Gregorian, Pawan R. Gupta, Frederick D.
Heidbrink, Ashok M. Kakade, Danielle D. Kleinhans,
Andrew T. Krauklis, Daniel J. McCarthy, Javeed Munshi,
Antonio Nanni, Thomas E. Nehil,
*
Renato Parretti, K. Nam
Shiu, Jefrey S. West,
*
and Paul H. Ziehl
*
; Marco Arduini
and Habib M. Zein Alabideen, Consulting members.
*
Members of the subcommittee that prepared this report
Deceased
Abstract: This code provides requirements for test load
magnitudes, test protocols, and acceptance criteria for
conducting a load test as a means of evaluating the safety
and serviceability of concrete structural members and
systems for existing buildings as provided for by ACI 562-13.
A load test may be conducted as part of a structural evaluation
to determine whether an existing building requires repair
and rehabilitation, or to verify the adequacy of repair and
rehabilitation measures applied to an existing building, or
both. This code contains provisions for both a cyclic load
test and a monotonic load test procedure.
Specication for Carbon and Glass
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Materials
Made by Wet Layup for External
Strengthening of Concrete and Masonry
Structures (ACI 440.8M-13)
Reported by ACI Committee 440, Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer Reinforcement: Carol K. Shield,
*
Chair; William J.
Gold,
*
Secretary; Tarek Alkhrdaji, Charles E. Bakis,
*
Lawrence C.
Bank, Abdeldjelil Belarbi, Brahim Benmokrane, Luke A.
Bisby, Gregg J. Blaszak,
*
Hakim Bouadi, Timothy E. Bradberry,
Gordon L. Brown Jr., Vicki L. Brown, John P. Busel, Garth J.
Fallis, Amir Z. Fam, Nabil F. Grace, Mark F. Green, Zareh B.
Gregorian, Doug D. Gremel, Shawn P. Gross, H.R. Trey
Hamilton III, Issam E. Harik, Kent A. Harries, Mark P.
Henderson, Bohdan N. Horeczko, Michael W. Lee, Maria E.
Lopez de Murphy, Ibrahim M. Mahfouz, Amir Mirmiran,
John J. Myers, Antonio Nanni,
*
Ayman M. Okeil, Carlos E.
Ospina, Renato Parretti, Max L. Porter, Andrea Prota,
Hayder A. Rasheed, Sami H. Rizkalla, Rajan Sen, Rudolf
Seracino, Pedro F. Silva, Khaled A. Soudki, Samuel A. Steere III,
Jay Thomas, Houssam A. Toutanji, J. Gustavo Tumialan,
Milan Vatovec, David White, and Sarah E. Witt
; P.N.
Balaguru, Craig A. Ballinger, Harald G.F. Budelmann, C.J.
Burgoyne, Elliot P. Douglas, Rami M. Elhassan, David M.
Gale, Russell Gentry, Arie Gerritse, Srinivasa L. Iyer, Koichi
Kishitani, Howard S. Kliger, Kyuichi Maruyama, Antoine E.
Naaman, Hajime Okamura, Mark A. Postma, Ferdinand S.
Rostasy, Surendra P. Shah, Mohsen Shahawy, Yasuhisa
Document Abstracts
Sonobe, Minoru Sugita, Luc R. Taerwe, Ralejs Tepfers,
Taketo Uomoto, and Paul Zia; David T. Biggs and Luis
Ramos, Subcommittee members.
*
Contributing authors
Task group Chair

Abstract: This material specication covers the require-
ments for carbon and glass ber-reinforced polymer (FRP)
systems made by the wet layup process. These systems are
externally bonded to concrete or masonry structures and
intended for the structural strengthening of them.
Specication for Shotcrete
(ACI 506.2M-13)
Reported by ACI Committee 506, Shotcreting: Lawrence J.
Totten, Chair; Marc Jolin,
*
Secretary; Jon B. Ardahl,
*
Lars
Balck Jr.,
*
Michael Ballou, Nemkumar Banthia, Chris D.
Breeds, Wern-Ping Nick Chen, Scott R. Cumming,
*
Jean-
Francios Dufour, Jill E. Glassgold, Charles S. Hanskat,
*

Warren L. Harrison, Thomas Hennings, Kristian Loevlie,
Mark R. Lukkarila, Gregory S. McKinnon, Jefrey L. Novak,
H. Celik Ozyildirim, Harvey W. Parker, Ryan E. Poole, John H.
Pye, James A. Ragland,
*
Venkataswamy Ramakrishnan,
Raymond C. Schallom III, Raymond J. Schutz, Philip T.
Seabrook,
W.L. Snow Sr.,

*
Peter C. Tatnall,
*
Curtis White,
Peter T. Yen, George Yoggy, Lihe Zhang, and Christopher M.
Zynda; Donald M. McPhee, Subcommittee member;
Merlyn Isaak, Roman Malinowski, Richard A. Kaden, and
Dudley R. Morgan, Consulting members.
*
Task group members who produced this specication.
Task group Chair who produced this specication.

Abstract: This specication contains the construction
requirements for the application of shotcrete. Both wet- and
dry-mixture shotcrete are addressed, as well as ber-
reinforced shotcrete. The minimum standard for materials,
properties, testing, and application are covered.
Guide to Materials Selection for
Concrete Repair (ACI 546.3R-14)
Reported by ACI Committee 546, Repair of Concrete:
John S. Lund, Chair; David W. Whitmore, Secretary; James
Peter Barlow, Michael M. Chehab, Marwan A. Daye,
Michael J. Garlich, Paul E. Gaudette, Timothy R.W. Gillespie,
Yelena S. Golod, Fred R. Goodwin, Harald G. Greve, Ron
Hefron, Robert F. Joyce, Lawrence F. Kahn, Brian F. Keane,
Benjamin Lavon, Kenneth M. Lozen, James E. McDonald,
Myles A. Murray, Jay H. Paul, Richard C. Reed,
*
Johan L.
Silfwerbrand, Joe Solomon, Michael M. Sprinkel, Ronald R.
Stankie, Joseph E. Tomes, David A. VanOcker, Alexander M.
Vaysburd, Kurt Wagner, Patrick M. Watson, and Mark V.
Ziegler; Yogini S. Deshpande, Floyd E. Dimmick Sr., Peter A.
Lipphardt, William F. McCann, Shreerang N. Nabar, Paul H.
Read, and Louis M. Wenick, Subcommittee members; Peter
Emmons, Noel P. Mailvaganam, Kevin A. Michols, Richard
Montani, and Don T. Pyle, Consulting members.
*
Editor and Subcommittee Chair
Abstract: This document provides guidance on the
selection of materials for concrete repair. An overview of
the important properties of repair materials is presented as a
guide for making an informed selection of the appropriate
repair materials for specic applications and service conditions.
July 2014Floors & Foundations
August 2014Mixing, Placing & Curing
September 2014Design & Detailing
Upcoming Themes
For advertising details, contact Keith Price Phone +1.410.584.8487
e-mail: concrete@networkmediapartners.com
Document Abstracts
Descriptions of ACI Certication Programs Includes program requirements and reference/
resource materials.
Schedule of Upcoming/Testing Sessions Search by program and/or state.
Directory of Certied Individuals Conrm an individuals certication and date of expiration.
Visit www. ACI Certication.org for:
Get Certied
Since 1980, ACI has tested over 400,000 concrete technicians, inspectors,
supervisors, and craftsmen in 18 different certication programs.
When you have a need for qualied concrete professionalsspecify
ACI Certication.
CCRL LAB TOUR
The Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory offers performance examinations for the
ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician and ACI Aggregate Testing Technician Level 1
certication programs.
To schedule your lab for CCRL inspection, and
to arrange for performance testing, contact
Jan Prowell at +1.240.436.4800.
August 2014
Arkansas
Canada (Western)
Illinois (Northern)
Louisiana
Minnesota
July 2014
Alabama
Alaska
Canada (Western)
Illinois (Northern)
Louisiana
Mississippi
Missouri
Wisconsin
Upcoming tour locations are:
ACI Board Committee
Members Thanked
T
he following American Concrete Institute members
have ended terms on Standing Board Committees as of
the ACI Spring 2014 Convention. Their dedication and
service to the Institute is appreciated.
Certication Programs Committee:
Charles Hanskat, Hanskat Consulting Group LLC,
Northbrook, IL; Ed T. McGuire, Bob Moore Construction,
Arlington, TX; and Eldon Tipping, Structural Services, Inc.,
Richardson, TX.
Chapter Activities Committee:
Christopher N. Latreille, Ryan-Biggs Associates,
Skaneateles Falls, NY.
Construction Liaison Committee:
Jefrey W. Coleman, The Coleman Law Firm LLC,
Minneapolis, MN; Anthony R. DeCarlo, Tru Wall
Concrete, Inc., Cincinnati, OH; Beverly A. Garnant,
American Society of Concrete Contractors, St. Louis,
MO; Kimberly Kramer, Kansas State University,
Manhattan, KS; Myrna Llames Mills, Germantown, MD;
Joseph V. Nasvik, Downers Grove, IL; and Michael J.
Schneider, Baker Concrete Construction, Inc.,
Monroe, OH.
Convention Committee:
Joseph J. Biernacki, Tennessee Technological University,
Cookeville, TN; Ramn L. Carrasquillo, Carrasquillo
Associates, Austin, TX; David H. Sanders, University of
Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV; and Michael J. Schneider, Baker
Concrete Construction, Inc., Monroe, OH.
Educational Activities Committee:
Chair Thomas O. Malerk, Florida Concrete & Products
Association, Gainesville, FL; and Kimberly E. Kurtis,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.
Financial Advisory Committee:
Claude Bdard, Euclid Admixture Canada, St. Hubert,
QC, Canada; David Darwin, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, KS; Thomas O. Malerk, Florida Concrete &
Products Association, Gainesville, FL; and William E.
Rushing Jr., Waldemar S. Nelson & Company, Inc.,
New Orleans, LA.
Honors and Awards Committee:
David Darwin, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS.
International Advisory Committee:
Claude Bdard, Euclid Admixture Canada, St. Hubert,
QC, Canada; Colin L. Lobo, National Ready Mixed
Concrete Association, Silver Spring, MD; and Ephraim
Senbetta, MAPEI Corporation, Deereld Beach, FL.
Marketing Committee:
John C. Cooper, Cooper Johri Management Consulting
Corp., Brome, QC, Canada; Beverly A. Garnant, American
Society of Concrete Contractors, St. Louis, MO; Matthew
A. Ofenberg, W. R. Grace Tech Services, Canton, GA; and
James M. Shilstone Jr., Command Alkon, Frisco, TX.
Membership Committee:
Fernando J. Fernandez, BASF Admixtures, Inc., Latin
America, Cleveland, OH.
Publications Committee:
Neal S. Anderson, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger,
Grayslake, IL; James R. Harris, J.R. Harris & Company,
Denver, CO; and Gustavo J. Parra-Montesinos, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Standards Board:
Chair Thomas D. Verti, Glendora, CA.
Student and Young Professional Activities Committee:
Vicki Brown, Widener University, Chester, PA; and
Norbert J. Delatte, Cleveland State University, Broadview
Heights, OH.
Technical Activities Committee:
Chiara F. Ferraris, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, Gaithersburg, MD; Antonio Nanni, University
of Miami, Coral Gables, FL; and Michael M. Sprinkel,
Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research,
Charlottesville, VA.
Slag Cement Association
2013 Project of
the Year Awards
T
he Slag Cement Association (SCA) presented the 2013
Project of the Year Awards during the meeting of
ACI Committee 233, Ground Slag in Concrete, on
March 25th at the ACI Spring 2014 Convention in Reno,
NV. The awards recognize projects for excellence and
innovation in concrete using slag cement. Nine projects
received 2013 Awards in the categories of architectural
design, durability, green design, high-performance, innovation
application, and sustainability.
Architectural Design
Prez Art Museum Miami
The Prez Art Museum Miami (also known as the Miami
Art Museum), a public private partnership with the city of
Miami, FL, and Miami-Dade County, was designed by
Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron and
has transformed the Museum Park into a central destination
on Miamis cultural map. The three-story building has
200,000 f
2
(18,600 m
2
) of programmable art display space
and sits on an elevated platform beneath a canopy that
provides shaded verandas and a plaza.
A portland cement replacement level of 50% slag cement
was selected to meet the architects color requirements for the
nished exposed concrete, provide required design strength,
and reduce the environmental footprint of the concrete.
Project credits: Prez Art Museum Miami, Owner;
Herzog & de Meuron, Architect; Baker Concrete Construction,
Engineer; Sufolk Construction, Contractor; Central
Concrete Supermix and Titan America, Concrete Suppliers;
and Lehigh Hanson, Slag Cement Supplier.
Durability
Ohio Department of Transportation Jefferson
County Maintenance Facility
The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT)
Jeferson County Maintenance Facility and a similar Wayne
County project represent a new prototype for future ODOT
Prez Art Museum Miami, Miami, FL
Ohio Department of Transportation Jefferson County
Maintenance Facility, Wintersville, OH
facilities. The owner selected a 6 in. (150 mm) concrete
pavement alternative to asphalt for the project, and a total
of over 4000 yd
3
(3060 m
3
) of concrete was placed in
pavements, oors, and walls during July and August of
2013. Ternary concrete mixtures containing slag cement,
portland cement, and microsilica were used to increase
strength and durability.
Slag cement was used at 20% and 40% replacement levels.
The 40% slag cement ternary mixture achieved 28-day
strengths in the 9000 psi (62 MPa) range and was used in
salt storage facility walls. The 20% slag cement ternary
mixtures provided 28-day strengths in the 6500 psi (45 MPa)
range for project paving applications. The use of slag
cement in ternary mixtures improved the placement, setting,
and nishing characteristics of the concrete; increased
strength; and reduced permeability for improved durability.
Project credits: Ohio Department of Transportation,
Owner; MWA/JMSA JV, Architect; Sands Decker, Engineer;
LW Associates, Contractor; D.W. Dickey & Son Inc.,
Concrete Supplier; and Essroc Italcementi Group, Slag
Cement Supplier.
Green Design
San Francisco Public Utilities
Commission Headquarters
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Headquarters
plans originally called for a steel-frame building, but plans
were changed to a concrete structure to reduce costs by
$10M and add an additional oor within the same zoning
envelope. The 13-story, 277,500 f
2
(25,780 m
2
) structure
incorporated six diferent concrete mixtures using slag
cement or combinations of slag cement and y ash to reduce
CO
2
emissions in pursuit of a LEED Platinum rating.
A ternary mixture of 40% slag cement and 30% y ash
was used for mat slab, column, and core wall concrete
mixtures, which had a specied compressive strength of
8000 psi (55 MPa) at 90 days. The elevated post-tensioned
oor slabs used a 65% slag cement mixture with no y ash
to achieve 4500 psi (31 MPa) in 3 days to allow for stressing
and stripping. This mixture met the 56-day, 6000 psi (41 MPa)
specied compressive strength criterion for post-tensioned
slabs at earlier ages, enabling a rapid speed of construction.
Innovative structural design, concrete mixture development,
and construction techniques all support the goal of achieving
a LEED Platinum rating on this project.
Project credits: City and County of San Francisco,
Owner; San Francisco Department of Public Works, Project
Manager/Developer; KMD Architects and Stevens +
Associates JV, Architects; SOHA Engineers and Tipping
Mar Structural Engineering, Engineers; Webcor Builders/
Webcor Concrete, Contractor; Central Concrete Supply
Co., Inc., Concrete Supplier; and Lehigh Southwest
Cement Company, Slag Cement Supplier.
High-Performance
One World Trade Center
One World Trade Center is a world-class structure of
symbolic importance. At 104 stories tall with an antenna
reaching 1776 f (541 m), New Yorks tallest skyscraper
pushed the boundaries of what can be achieved with
concrete. High-performance concrete criteria included heat
reduction in the mass concrete placements, high strength
for structural performance and blast resistance, superior
rheology for pumping, and a reduced environmental
footprint to achieve sustainable design objectives. A unique
design aspect of the structure is a high-strength concrete
center core with specied strengths of up to 14,000 psi
(97 MPa). This core is designed to withstand explosive and
high-impact forces, while maintaining structural integrity
to allow a safe exit passage for building occupants.
Much research was undertaken and several concrete
mixtures containing slag cement were developed to meet
performance criteria for various One World Trade Center
foundation and structural elements and for the World Trade
Center Memorial and Museum mass concrete placements.
Concrete mixtures included a quaternary mixture used in
lower elevations that contained 52% slag cement with
portland cement, y ash, and silica fume. This combination
was used to control heat gain and at the same time achieve
the 14,000 psi (97 MPa) strength requirement. This was
such a large project with many phases that it included
multiple concrete suppliers and two slag cement suppliers.
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Headquarters, San
Francisco, CA
Project credits: Port Authority of New York and New
Jersey, Owner; Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, Architect;
Cantor Seinuk, Engineer; Tishman Construction, Contractor;
Eastern Concrete, Empire Transit Mix, Ferrara Bros. Building
Materials Corp. and Quadrozzi Concrete, Concrete Suppliers;
and Holcim (US) Inc. and Lafarge North America, Slag
Cement Suppliers.
Willamette River Bridge
The Willamette River Bridge provides a critical link on
the I-5 corridor near Eugene, OR. In 2002, shear cracks
found in the original 1961 structure prompted installation
of a temporary bridge and plans for permanent north-
bound and southbound bridges. Construction of the new
bridges began in the summer of 2009. By mid-2013, both
the 1985 f (605 m) long northbound and the 1759 f (536 m)
long southbound bridges were completed.
Slag cement was used to reduce heat of hydration in the
large mass concrete footings and to achieve Oregon
Department of Transportation performance-based alternate
high-performance concrete requirements for the bridge
decks. For the mass concrete, a 60% slag cement replace-
ment met heat and strength requirements, and yielded
56-day strengths exceeding 6200 psi (43 MPa). Where the
bridge arches met in the middle of the river (dubbed The
Ice Breaker), the steel reinforcement was extremely
congested and the concrete could not be vibrated. A
self-consolidating mixture using slag cement was developed
that enabled lling the forms without leaving any voids. For
the bridge decks, Knife River was able to produce a 30%
replacement slag cement concrete mixture that achieved
less than 1000 coulombs when tested at 90 days according
to AASHTO T 277, Standard Method of Test for Electrical
Indication of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion
Penetration. This concrete mixture provided outstanding
quality, durability, strength, nishability, and pumpability.
Project credits: Oregon Department of Transportation,
Owner; OBEC Consulting Engineers, Engineer; Hamilton
Construction Company and Slayden Construction,
Contractor; Knife River Corporation-NW-Eugene Division,
Concrete Supplier; Cal Portland, Portland Cement Supplier;
and Ash Grove Cement, Slag Cement Supplier.
Innovative Application
Cedar Point Amusement Park GateKeeper Roller
Coaster
GateKeeper is the rst roller coaster ride that visitors see
when entering Cedar Point Amusement Park in Sandusky,
OH. In fact, each person entering the park must walk
between the two massive columns that support GateKeeper.
These columns were constructed using up to 50% slag
cement and measure 6 f (1.8 m) wide by 20 f (6 m) deep
by 24 f (7.3 m) high. They support the tower section of the
tallest wing roller coaster in the world.
The massive columns were constructed using monolithic
placements so heat of hydration was a major concern. In
addition, the concrete near the bottom of the columns had
to gain sufcient strength during the placement to avoid
overloading the formwork. To accomplish these two
objectives, slag cement was used in three diferent mixtures.
Type III cement was used with 25% slag cement for the rst
One World Trade Center, New York, NY
Willamette River Bridge, Eugene, OR
Cedar Point Amusement Park GateKeeper Roller Coaster,
Sandusky, OH
6 f (1.8 m) of each column, Type III with 50% slag cement
was used from 6 to 12 f (1.8 to 6 m), and Type I cement
with 50% slag cement was used for the last 12 f (6 m) of
the columns. To avoid thermal cracking in the massive
columns, a maximum temperature of 158F (70C) was
specied with a maximum temperature diferential of 36F
(20C) from the interior to the exterior concrete.
The 28-day strength requirement was 4000 psi (28 MPa)
and the three mixture proportions achieved an average of
5800 psi (40 MPa). The speed of construction was also of
the essence because of the tight construction timeline to
have the entire project completed prior to the amusement
park reopening in the spring. The use of slag cement for
thermal heat control allowed for time and cost savings
because cooling pipes were not required to cool the interior
of the concrete.
Project credits: Cedar Fair Entertainment Company,
Owner; Tony Ravagani Architects, Architect; Bowser-
Morner, Inc., Engineer; AA Boos & Sons Inc., Contractor;
Elite Concrete Industries, Concrete Supplier; and St Marys
Cement, Inc., Slag Cement Supplier.
Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis High-Speed
Balance Facility (MD&A Spin Cell)
The MD&A Spin Cell was built in early 2013 in south
St. Louis, MO. Large rebuilt electrical turbine generators
(such as ones at coal-red power plants) are railed into the
approximately 100 f (30 m) long test chamber, connected
to a drive shaf powered by external motors and tested to
well beyond rated capacity. The chamber interior is evacuated
of most air, oil is sprayed as lubrication and coolant, and the
electricity generated by the unit being tested is dissipated
through an extensive grounding system. The minimum 5 f
(1.5 m) thick and heavily reinforced and armored concrete
chamber is designed to contain shrapnel from any generator
explosion/disintegration. The mass concrete construction
used a high slag cement content self-consolidating mixture.
The concrete thickness meant the entire test chamber
above the belowground oil reservoir and pump facility is
mass concrete. The minimum concrete thickness is 5 f
(1.5 m), and the underside of the barrel-like chamber is 8 f
(2.4 m) thick. Slag cement was used to lower the heat of
hydration, better ensure that the self-consolidating concrete
remained workable and could ow through the thick and
tightly spaced three-dimensional array of reinforcing steel,
and achieve strength reliably.
Although the specied compressive strength was 5000 psi
(35 MPa), a considerably higher-strength mixture was
requested and supplied. A 25:75 ratio of portland cement to
slag cement was used with 3/8 in. (10 mm) limestone,
natural ne aggregate, and steel bers. The portland cement
was a Type I/II low-alkali product, and the slag cement was
Grade 100. The 28-day strengths exceeded 7300 psi (50 MPa).
Project credits: Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis,
Owner; Fox Architects, Architect; Feld, Kamineski &
Mechanical Dynamics and Analysis High-Speed Balance Facility
Spin Cell, St. Louis, MO
Cohen P.C. and Swim Schuchat & Cornett Engineering Inc.,
Engineers; Tarlton Corporation, Contractor; Metro Materials,
Inc., Concrete Supplier; and Holcim (US) Inc., Slag
Cement Supplier.
Sustainability
ODOT Project 10-0281
Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Project
10-0281 was an upgrade to the IR-75/IR-475 interchange.
The project included the construction of a new interchange
at ProMedica Parkway, rehabilitation and reconstruction
of six bridges, construction of four new bridges, and
construction of 3700 f (1130 m) of cast-in-place concrete
retaining walls, four noise walls, and complete pavement
replacement for 2.1 miles (3.4 km) of IR-475 pavement.
Eighteen separate deck placements were conducted on the
project, totaling 6649 yd
3
(5080 m
3
) of slag cement
concrete. In addition, approximately 6000 yd
3
(4590 m
3
)
of slag cement concrete were placed in the substructure of
the bridges.
A ternary mixture was used with portland cement
replacement levels of 25% slag cement and 25% y ash.
Specications called for 4500 psi (31 MPa) at 28 days, 6%
2% air entrainment, a 4 to 8 in. (100 to 200 mm) slump,
and maximum permeability rating of less than 1500
coulombs. Results of 390 performance tests run on 12,650 yd
3

(9670 m
3
) showed an average of 7910 psi (45 MPa)
compressive strength, 6% air entrainment, and 6-3/8 in.
(160 mm) slump. The mixture tested at 752 coulombs
under ASTM C1202, Standard Test Method for Electrical
Indication of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion
Penetration. An average of 5650 psi (39 MPa) was reached
afer more than two hundred 7-day strength tests were
completed. The use of slag cement in this concrete mixture
provided a very consistent, workable mixture that exceeded
strength and durability criteria, and this performance was
achieved at a reduced environmental footprint.
U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, DC
Ohio Department of Transportation Project 10-0281 ProMedica
Bridge Deck, Toledo, OH
Project credits: Ohio Department of Transportation,
Owner; HNTB, Engineer; ES Wagner, Contractor; Kuhlman
Corporation, Concrete Supplier; and St Marys Cement,
Inc., Slag Cement Supplier.
U.S. Coast Guard Headquarters
Constructed on the west campus of the former
St. Elizabeths Hospital site in Washington, DC, the U.S.
Coast Guard Headquarters project includes an 11-story
ofce building for 3860 workers, a nine-story 800,000 f
2

(74,320 m
2
) parking garage, a central utility plant, and a
National Operations Center. Clark Concrete Contractors
placed 220,000 yd
3
(168,200 m
3
) of concrete and 15,000 tons
(13,600 tonnes) of reinforcing steel on this $435 million
project. Clark placed an average of 3500 yd
3
(2675 m
3
) of
concrete every week for 42 consecutive weeks. The largest
single placement required 2800 yd
3
(2140 m
3
) of concrete
over a 14-hour period for an 8 f (2.4 m) thick mat foundation.
Clark placed nearly 12 miles (19 km) of foundation walls
and 523,000 f
2
(48,590 m
2
) of mat foundations.
The use of slag cement contributes toward the goal of
achieving LEED Gold certication for this building. Some
other green design features include a 400,000 f
2
(37,160 m
2
)
green roof, a vegetative wall panel system, and an orientation
that minimizes solar heat gain and maximizes the opportunity
for daylighting. This project had to meet stringent blast
resistance requirements. Designs required high-strength 3 f
(0.9 m) tall hanging perimeter turndown walls of most
elevated slabs. Slag cement was also used to mitigate
potential expansion due to alkali-silica reactive aggregate.
Project credits: General Services Administration,
Owner; WDG Architecture, Architect; Cagley & Associates,
Engineer; Clark Concrete Contractors, Contractor; Concrete
Mixes Inc., Concrete Supplier; and Lafarge North America,
Slag Cement Supplier.
The SCA represents companies that produce and ship
over 90% of the slag cement (ground-granulated blast-
furnace slag) in the United States. Through a program of
continuous research, promotion, and education, SCA
communicates the performance and sustainable benets of
this cementitious material to stakeholders throughout the
construction industry. More information is available at
www.slagcement.org.
A ip-book version of the entire current issue
of CI is available to ACI members by logging in
at www.concreteinternational.com.
Access the ip book by clicking on the cover
image on the CI Web site home page.
Visual appearance will be important for interior
exposed concrete building elements. In this case,
the Concrete Surface Category (CSC) could have
been specified as CSC4, the most stringent category
per the new guide
The New Guide to
Formed Concrete
Surfaces
Document is designed to assist in defining and achieving appropriate
quality levels for formed concrete elements
by Rolf Spahr and David Johnston
W
hile numerous guides and specications discuss
the production or evaluation of formed concrete
surfaces,
1-4
none of them ofer comprehensive
guidance. So about 7 years ago, ACI Committee 347,
Formwork for Concrete, set out to create a new guide that
would thoroughly dene formed concrete surfaces based on
a set of uniformly comparable characteristics. The resulting
document (ACI 347.3R-13
5
) is now available. Covering
characteristics such as texture, porosity, and color, as well as
the facing materials necessary for producing various
concrete surfaces, the guide denes appearance requirements
and provides detailed guidelines for production of various
concrete surfaces and objective methods for their evaluation.
Dening Levels of Quality
In the new guide, ACI Committee 347 has developed a
detailed method for classifying formed concrete surfaces.
Four levels of quality, called Concrete Surface Categories
(CSCs), are classied based on the visibility of the completed
surface as well as the importance of its visual appearance.
And for each category, qualities such as texture, surface void
ratio, color uniformity, surface irregularities, and treatments
of construction joints are dened.
The guide also discusses phases of construction relating
to concrete surfaces, from planning, selection of materials,
and construction and repair procedures through the
acceptance of a concrete surface. Ultimately, the document
can help the project owner, design team, contractor,
formwork supplier, concrete supplier, and all other parties
involved in the construction process in reaching a specic
understanding of how a desired as-cast concrete surface can
be dened and produced.
Aligning Expectations
Although the new document is not a reference standard, it
does ofer guidance on the development of concrete surface
specications for the contract documentsthe ultimate
criteria on a project. In efect, the guide can be used by:

Speciersfor the development of contract documents
that dene the required quality levels, methods, and
procedures of evaluation for concrete surfaces;

Ownersfor assistance in visualizing their projects and
developing realistic expectations; and

Contractorsfor guidance in the selection of facing
materials, concrete mixtures, release agents, and construction
methods as well as in the development of price quotations
commensurate to the specied surface nishes.
The timely alignment of expectations among all concerned
parties is a major goal of this new and detailed guide. The
document therefore describes the role and importance of a
concrete surface team. It also includes discussions of
diferent formwork types, such as pre-manufactured
panelized formwork or job-built formwork, and it critiques
the advantages and other considerations associated with
various types of form-facing materials. The latter topic is
presented with particular emphasis on the diferent textures
that can be produced as well as the number of reuses that
can be expected to achieve a consistent surface quality.
A section on surface nish limitations describes surface
characteristics considered unacceptable or objectionable,
and it distinguishes those that are preventable. However,
recognizing that some surface characteristics are difcult
to control and can be considered inherent to concrete
construction, the guide also helps make all parties aware of
what is realistically achievable in as-cast concrete.
Another section describes the evaluation of formed
concrete surfaces, providing basic information needed to set
criteria for acceptability. The guide makes it clear that the
overall impression of surface appearance is the basic
acceptance criteria for the agreed upon concrete surface
categories. It also notes that variations in texture and color
are to be expected within all concrete surface categories,
emphasizing that mockups, if used, should provide the basis
for the evaluation process. Lastly, the guide describes
deviations and associated repair processes.
Minimizing Differences
In conclusion, it is expected that ACI 347.3R-13
5
will
help all parties involved in the planning and construction
of as-cast formed concrete elements. And by helping these
parties develop a common and detailed understanding of
formed concrete elements, setting realistic expectations for
the levels of quality, and dening acceptance processes, the
document is expected to help reduce disputes.
References
1. ACI Committee 347, Guide to Formwork for Concrete
(ACI 347-04), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI,
2004, 32 pp.
2. ACI Committee 309, Guide for Consolidation of Concrete
(ACI 309R-05), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,
MI, 2005, 36 pp.
3. ACI Committee 301, Specifcations for Structural Concrete
2010, 49 pp.
4. ASCC Education and Training Committee, Guide for Surface
Finish of Formed Concrete: As-Cast Structural Concrete, second
edition, Aberdeen Group, St. Louis, MO, 1999, 17 pp.
ACI member Rolf Spahr is a Structural
Engineer and Sales Director with MEVA
Schalungs-Systeme GmbH, Haiter-
bach, Germany. He is a member of
ACI Committees 303, Architectural
Cast-in-Place Concrete, and 347,
Formwork for Concrete.
David Johnston, FACI, is the Edward I.
Weisiger Distinguished Professor Emeritus
at North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, NC. He is a member of ACI
Committee 347, Formwork for Concrete;
Joint ACI-CRSI Committee 315, Details
of Concrete Reinforcement; and the
ACI TAC Design Standards Committee.
Visual appearance will not be important for surfaces that will
have low visibility or will be covered by other materials in the
completed structure, so color variations, projections at form
facing joints, and high surface void ratios may be considered
acceptable. In this case, this surface could have been specified
as CSC1, the least stringent category per the new guide
A mockup can be used to set expectations and serve as a
reference for cast surfaces (all photos courtesy of MEVA-Schalungs-
Systeme GmbH)
5. ACI Committee 347, Guide to Formed Concrete Surfaces
(ACI 347.3R-13), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills,
MI, 2013, 17 pp.
Selected for reader interest by the editors.
Pressure of Internally
Vibrated Concrete
Changes in techniques and technology warrant a review of formwork
design equations
by N.J. Gardner
D
esigning and fabricating formwork for vertical
concrete elements are signicant parts of the
construction process. While self-consolidating
concrete is currently receiving a lot of attention from the
research community, conventional concrete continues to
comprise a large percentage of the concrete placed in
vertical forms. Placement and consolidation methods thus
remain the major determinants for the lateral pressures that
will be experienced by the formwork.
The imminent revisions of ACI 347-04
1
and CAN/CSA
S269.3-M92
2
provide an opportunity to review the currently
used equations for predicting the lateral pressures exerted
on vertical form surfaces by internally vibrated concrete
placed from above. In addition to reviewing current design
pressure equations, the following article proposes an
updated equation to calculate the pressures for concrete
consolidated by internal vibration.
Lateral Pressure Equations
In both ACI 347-04
1
and CAN/CSA S269.3-M92,
2
the
lateral pressure envelope on vertical form surfaces is
assumed to be hydrostatic from the free surface of the
concrete to a limiting pressure p
max
. This pressure is dened
by design equations that account for concrete properties
and placement parameters.

ACI 347, Guide to Formwork for
Concrete
Prior to the 2001 edition, the design equations provided
in ACI 347 were restricted to conventional concrete
mixtures (produced with general purpose hydraulic
cement) with slumps of 4 in. (100 mm) or less. Vibrator
immersion was limited to no more than 4 f (1.25 m).
In 2001, a chemistry coefcient was introduced to the
pressure equations, extending their use to concrete mixtures
comprising moderate sulfate-resistant, moderate heat of
hydration, and high-early-strength cements used with or
without y ash or slag cement and with or without retard-
ers. The limiting slump value was relaxed to 7 in. (175 mm).
The classication of vertical concrete elements was also
rened. Vertical elements with no plan dimension exceed-
ing 6.5 f (2.0 m) were dened as columns, and vertical
elements with at least one plan dimension greater than
6.5 f (2.0 m) were dened as walls.
The design equations in the 2004 edition of ACI 347
1
are
the same as those in the 2001 edition. The limiting pressure
p
max
is dened using Eq. (1) or (2). For columns at all rates
of placement, and for walls with placement rates less than
7 f/hour (2.1 m/h) and placement heights of up to 14 f
(4.2 m), Eq. (1) governs:
p C C R T C
w c F w max
( / ) = + > 150 9000 600 lb/f
2
(in.-lb units)
or (1)

p C C R T C
w c C w max
( . / ( . )) = + + > 7 2 785 17 8 30 kPa (SI units)
For walls with placement rates less than 7 f/h(2.1 m/h),
where placement height exceeds 14 f (4.2 m), and for all
walls with placement rates from 7 f/h (2.1 m/h) to
15 f/h (4.5 m/h), Eq. (2) governs:
max
(150 43, 400 / 2800 / ) 600
w c F F w
p C C T R C T = + + >

max
(150 43, 400 / 2800 / ) 600
w c F F w
p C C T R C T = + + > lb/f
2
(in.-lb units)
or (2)
p C C T R T C
w c C C w max
( . / ( . ) / ( . )) = + + + + > 7 2 1156 17 8 244 17 8 30

p C C T R T C
w c C C w max
( . / ( . ) / ( . )) = + + + + > 7 2 1156 17 8 244 17 8 30
kPa (SI units)

In these equations, C
w
is the concrete unit weight
(density) coefcient (refer to Table 1); C
c
is the chemistry
coefcient, which increases from 1.0 to 1.4 with increas-
ing retardation efects of cement blends and retarders; h
is the vertical placement height, f (m); R is rate of
concrete placement, f/hour (m/h); and T
F
and T
C
are the
concrete temperatures in F and C, respectively.
Under all conditions, p
max
has to be lower than the
hydrostatic pressure wh for in.-lb units or gh for SI
units, where w is unit weight of concrete (lb/f
3
), is
density of concrete (kg/m
3
), and g is the gravitational
constant (9.81 N/kg).
CAN/CSA S269.3, Concrete Formwork
Prior to the 1992 edition, the lateral pressure
equations in CAN/CSA S269.3 were identical to those
of ACI 347-89. Analysis of ACI 347-89 recommenda-
tions showed that Eq. (1) was not conservative at
placement rates below 7 ft/hour (2.1 m/h).
3
In response,
the 1992 edition of CAN/CSA S269.3 required that
forms for columns, understood as vertical elements
with no plan dimension exceeding 4 ft (1.25 m), be
designed for hydrostatic pressure (full liquid head) for
all rates of placement. The 1992 edition of CAN/CSA
S269.3 provided two alternatives for the design of wall
forms. While Alternative A comprised modified ver-
sions of Eq. (1) and (2), Alternative B was based on an
equation developed by Gardner.
4

Alternative A
Equations (1) and (2) were used to generate a table of
limiting pressures. The mixture was assumed to comprise
only cements equivalent to ASTM C150 Type I, II, or III
with no retarding admixtures (that is, C
c
was assumed to
be 1.0). To satisfy the concerns expressed in the public
discussion to ACI 347-89,
3
Eq. (2) was used to calculate
the limiting pressures for rates of placement less than 10
f/hour (3 m/h) and Eq. (1) for rates of placement 10 f/
hour (3 m/h) and greater. Finally, p
max
was dened to be
at least 1000 lb/f
2
(48 kPa).
Alternative B
Alternatively, Eq. (3) could be used to calculate p
max
:
p h = + d
R
T F S
slump
i
F
max
. .
% %
( ) +

+ 150 13 26
8300 100
100
53

p h = + d
R
T F S
slump
i
F
max
. .
% %
( ) +

+ 150 13 26
8300 100
100
53 < 150h lb/f
2
(in.-lb units)
or (3)
= + + +
max
400 100
24 .
40 18 100 % % 10
i
c
d R slump
p h
T F S +

= + + +
max
400 100
24 .
40 18 100 % % 10
i
c
d R slump
p h
T F S +
< 24h kPa (SI units)
Where h
i
is depth of immersion of the vibrator, f (m)typi-
cally, 3 f (0.9 to 1 m); d is the minimum form dimension, in.
(mm); %F and %S are the percentages of y ash and slag
cement in the total binder; slump is the concrete slump, in.
(mm); and h is the height of concrete placement, f (m).
Equation (3) was deemed too complicated for common
use, however, largely because some of the parameters would
probably not be under the control of, or known by, the
form designer at bid time.
Proposed
Based on comments from the industry,
3
Eq. (4) is
proposed to calculate p
max
for wall forms:
p h K
R
T
slump C C h
i c
F
w w max
( ) = + +
< 150
14500
100 150

p h K
R
T
slump C C h
i c
F
w w max
( ) = + +
< 150
14500
100 150 lb/f
2
(in.-lb units)
or (4)
p h K
R
T
slump
C C h
i c
c
w w max
= +
+
+
< 24
700
18
2
10
24

p h K
R
T
slump
C C h
i c
c
w w max
= +
+
+
< 24
700
18
2
10
24 kPa (SI units)
C
w
has been adopted from ACI 347-04,
1
and a cementitious
materials coefcient K
c
has been introduced to accommodate
cementitious materials comprising portland cement and slag
cement or y ash (refer to Table 2). The designer would
assume standard values for any parameters in Eq. (4) that were
not known at the time of formwork design.
For vibrator immersion less than 3.25 f (1.0 m), concrete
temperature above 63F (17C) and slumps less than 5 in.
(125 mm), Eq. (4) reduces to Eq. (5):
p K R C
c w max
= +
( )
1000 230

lb/f
2
(in.-lb units)
or (5)
p K R C
c w max
= +
( )
50 20 kPa (SI units)
It should be mentioned that Table 2 provides K
c
and C
c

values corresponding to most of the concrete mixture types
described in Table 2.2 of ACI 347-04.
1
Additional research
Table 1:
Unit weight coefficient C
w
per ACI 347-04
1
in.-lb units (w in lb/ft
3
) SI units ( in kg/m
3
)
w < 140
Cw = 0.5
[1+( w/145)]
> 0.80
< 2240
Cw =
0.5[1+(/2320)]
> 0.80
140 < w < 150 Cw = 1.0
2240 < <
2400
Cw = 1.0
w > 150 Cw = w/145 > 2400 Cw = /2320
Note: w is the concrete unit weight in lb/ft
3
and is the density of
concrete in kg/m
3

will be required to develop K
c
values for mixtures with
portland cement replacement levels exceeding 70% slag
cement or 40% y ash as well as K
c
values and C
c
values
for mixtures containing combinations of slag cement and
y ash. Until then, conservative values should be assumed.
Comparison of values calculated using
ACI 347-04 and Eq. (4)
Table 3 and 4 compare pressures calculated using
ACI 347-04
1
and Eq. (4). Practically all concrete mixtures
produced now (in 2014) contain y ashtypically at a 15
to 25% cement replacement levelthe comparisons are
calculated for a mixture with 20% cement replacement
with y ash without retarder (consequently, C
c
is 1.2 and
K
c
= 1.0; refer to Table 2). The calculations are based on a
placement with a slump of 5 in. (125 mm), vibrator
immersion depth of 3 f (0.9 m), and a concrete tempera-
ture of 68F (20C).
Figure 1 shows the comparison between published
5-8

maximum pressures for column and wall forms with
p
max
values calculated using Eq. (4). Figure 2 shows the
same experimental results plotted with values calcu-
lated using Eq. (1) and (2) in ACI 347-04
1
. Hydrostatic
pressures are not included, and rates of placement
exceeding 20 ft/hour (6.1 m/h) were not considered.
For application of Eq. (1) and (2), columns were defined
as vertical elements with no plan dimension exceeding
6.5 ft (2.0 m) and walls were defined as vertical ele-
ments with at least one plan dimension greater than
6.5 ft (2.0 m).
Figure 1 shows good agreement between calculated and
measured pressures. The mean and standard deviation
values ( and ) included in the legend are based on
Table 2:
Cementitious material coefficient K
c
for mixtures
comprising ASTM C150 Type I, II, or III portland
cement (OPC) and corresponding chemistry
coefficient C
c
from Table 2.2 of ACI 347-04
1
Cementitious
material
Upper limit
on OPC
replace-
ment, % Retarder
Cc
ACI
347-04
Kc
Eq. (4)
OPC No 1.0 0.7
OPC Yes 1.2 1.0
OPC with slag
cement
70 No 1.2 1.0
OPC with slag
cement
70 Yes 1.4 1.3
OPC with fly
ash
40 No 1.2 1.0
OPC with fly
ash
40 Yes 1.4 1.3
Table 3:
Comparison of ACI 347-04
1
and Eq. (4), in.-lb units: w

= 145 lb/ft
3
, F = 20%, slump = 5 in., h
i
= 3 ft, and
T
F
= 68F
pmax per ACI 347-04,
1
lb/ft
2
pmax per proposed
equation,
lb/ft
2
Column
Eq. (1)
Wall
Eq. (1)
Wall
Eq. (2)
Wall,
R > 15 ft/hour
hydrostatic
Eq.(4) R, ft/hour h < 14 ft h > 14 ft h = 16 ft h = 30 ft
3 660 660 1090* 1320
5 970 970 1190* 1430
7 1290 1290 1290 1510
10 1770 1440 1620
15 2560 1690 2320 4350 1780
20 3360 2320 4350 1900
Note: R is rate of concrete placement, h is placement height, and hi is depth of immersion of the vibrator
*Extension of use of Eq. (2) to placement rates less than 7 ft/hour, as used in CAN/CSA S269.3-M92
2

p
max
(test)/p
max
(calculated) for each data point. The mean
values plus one standard deviation are less than 1, indicat-
ing that the calculations are reasonably conservative.
In contrast, values calculated using ACI 347-04
1
do not
show good agreement with the same experimental data
(Fig. 2). The denition of a column as a member that has
no plan dimension greater than 6.5 f (2 m) necessitates the
use of Eq. (1) for many comparisons. While Eq. (1) is not
conservative at low placement rates,
3
it is very conservative
at high placement rates.
Fig. 1: Comparison of values calculated using Eq. (4) with
experimental results from References 5 through 8 (Note: Slag
cement replacement 30 to 70%, fly ash replacement 15 to 25%,
and no retarderhence Kc = 1.0; refer to Table 2)
Fig. 2: Comparison of values calculated using Eq. (1) and (2) in ACI
347-04
1
with experimental results from References 5 through 8 (Note:
Slag cement replacement 30 to 70%, fly ash replacement 15 to 25%,
and no retarderhence Cc = 1.2; refer to Table 2.2 in ACI 347-04
1
)
Table 4:
Comparison of ACI 347-04
1
and Eq. (4), SI units: = 2320 kg/m
3
, F = 20%, slump = 125 mm, h
i
= 0.9 m, and T
C

= 20C
pmax per ACI 347-04,
1
kPa
pmax per proposed
equation,
kPa
Column
Eq. (1)
Wall
Eq. (1)
Wall
Eq. (2)
Wall
R > 4.5 m/h
hydrostatic
Eq. (4) R, m/h h < 4.2 m h > 4.2 m h = 5.0 m h = 9.0 m
1 34 34 53* 65
2 58 58 61* 73
3 83 69 79
4.5 120 80 86
6 158 114 205 92
Note: R is rate of concrete placement, h is placement height, and hi is depth of immersion of the vibrator
*
Extension of use of Eq. (2) to placement rates less than 2.1 m/h, as used in CSA S269.3-M92
2
Discussion
The small volume of concrete in most columns opens
the possibility that the rate of rise of the concrete in a
column form will be rapid. Consequently, small column
forms (those with no plan dimension exceeding 4 f [1.25 m]),
should be designed for full hydrostatic pressure. If the rate
of concrete placement, concrete mixture composition, and
vibrator immersion depth can be controlled, however,
Eq. (4) or (5) can be used to nd p
max
.
To accommodate vibrator immersion of 4 f (1.25 m),
the minimum p
max
of 1000 lb/f
2
(48 kPa) required by CAN/
CSA S269.3-M92
2
is more appropriate than the 600 lb/f
2

(30 kPa) recommended in ACI 347-04.
1
Conclusions and Recommendations
If the restrictions are satised, Eq. (4) or Eq. (5) will be
easier to use and more versatile for the design of wall
formwork for internally vibrated concrete than the
equations provided in ACI 347-04
1
and CAN/CSA
S269.3-M92.
2
For wall forms that are more than 10 f
(3 m) above the ground or within 10 f (3 m) from the
edge of an elevated slab, however, designers must use a
minimum p
max
of 1000 lb/f
2
(48 kPa) to minimize the
chance of injury and death.
Additional work is required to establish appropriate
chemistry and cementitious materials coefcients for
ternary mixtures.
N.J. (Noel John) Gardner, FACI, is
a member of ACI Committee 347,
Formwork for Concrete, and CAN/
CSA S269, Concrete Formwork. His
research interests are all related to
the problems during, and conse-
quent to, the construction process.
References
1. ACI Committee 347, Guide to Formwork for Concrete (ACI
347-04), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI,
2004, 32 pp.
2. CAN/CSA S269.3-M92, Concrete Formwork, CSA Group,
Toronto, ON, Canada, 2000, 36 pp.
3. Burg, G.R.U., Gardner N.J., and ACI Committee 347, Discus-
sion on: Guide to Formwork for Concrete. Report by ACI Com-
mittee 347, ACI Structural Journal, V. 86, No. 3, May-June 1989,
pp. 320-323.
4. Gardner, N.J., Pressure of Concrete on FormworkA
Review, ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings V. 82, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. l985,
pp. 744-753.
5. Gardner, N.J., and Quereshi, A.R., Internal Vibration and
the Lateral Pressure Exerted by Fresh Concrete, Canadian Journal
of Civil Engineering, V. 6, No. 4, Dec. 1979, pp. 592-600.
6. Gardner, N.J., Pressure of Concrete Against Formwork,
ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings V. 77, No. 4, July-Aug. l980,
pp. 279-286.
7. Gardner N.J., The Effect of Superplasticizer and Fly Ash on
Formwork Pressures, Forming Economical Concrete Buildings:
Proceedings of an International Conference on how to Integrate
Forming Into the Total Building Design and Construction Process,
Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL, 1982, pp. 21.2-21.12
8. Harrison, T.A., Pressure on Vertical Formwork when Con-
crete is Placed in Wide Sections, Research Report V. 22, Cement
and Concrete Association, UK, 1983, 30 pp.
Received and reviewed under Institute publication policies.
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presentation, the team from the Kaiserslautern University of
Applied Sciences was awarded rst prize in this nal round.
In addition to the corresponding amount of prize money
won by each team, all participants on the short list were
treated to a diverse, 2-day program of events in Ulm,
Germany, and the surrounding area, including a tour of the
building featured in the exercise along with a specially
arranged visit to the world-famous Ulm Minster (the tallest
church in the world).
The nal standings were:

First place: Anton Warkentin and Alexander Witt,
Kaiserslautern University of Applied Science, Kaiserslautern,
Germany;

Second place: Canpolat Korkut, University of Stuttgart,
Stuttgart, Germany;

Third place: Daniel Peukert and Markus Weber, Reutlingen
Technical Secondary School, Reutlingen, Germany;

Fourth place: Simon Sterlike, Carla Ptz, Sabrina
Sample partial section drawing from the 10th Peri Construction
Exercise
The winning team
of the 9th Peri
Construction
Exercise: Anton
Warkentin and
Alexander Witt
with Horst Rckel,
Professor, from
the Kaiserslautern
University of
Applied Science,
Kaiserslautern,
Germany
(photo courtesy of
PERI GmbH)
All participants of the final round together with the expert jury in the exhibition hall of Peri GmbH in Weissenhorn, Germany
(photo courtesy of PERI GmbH)
ca. +499,29
Terrain
7
5
6 5
7 6
3
3
4
4
Terrace
TOC Parapet
-2,35
9
0
1
,0
8
BOT lintel
+2,25
BOT lintel
+11,38
TOC Parapet
+1,05
1
,4
0
5
5
2
,2
0
3
5
2
,2
5
2
,2
5
3
5
1
,0
5
BOT lintel
+2,25
3
5
2
,7
5
2
,2
5
BOT lintel
+2,25
2
,2
5
BOT lintel
+8,05
2
,2
5
BOT lintel
+8,05
2
,8
3
BOT lintel
+8,05
BOT lintel
+5,15
BOT lintel
+2,25
BOT lintel
+8,05
2
,4
8
TOC parapet
+10,10
BOT lintel
+8,05
BOT lintel
+5,15
BOT lintel
+2,25
TOC Roof parapet
+12,30
FF
+5,80
TOC/FF
-3,25
TOC
-0,15
TOC
+2,75
TOC
+5,65
TOC
+8,55
FF
0,00
FF
+2,90
FF
+8,90
2
,8
5
TOC
+11,83
3
,1
5
3
5
2
,9
0
2
,9
0
4
7
3
5
3
,2
8
2
5
2
,6
5
2
5
2
,8
5
2
5
3
,0
8
2
,6
5
4
7
2
,4
0
2
5
2
,6
5
2
0
5
0
2
,4
0
4
,2
5
2
,4
0
FF
0,00
-0,50
3
,4
5
2
,4
0
5
0
2
,4
0
2
,4
0
5
0
5
0
2
,0
5
Ramp to
"New Street"
BUILDING II
Basement
Ground-
floor
r o o l F . 1
2. Floor
6,14
7
75
2 7,03
5
5,06
5
Cellar area
Waste disposal area
Apartment 3
Apartment 12
Apartment 20
Office 1
Roof terrace
3. Floor
Roof
1
,5
5
1
,5
5
1
,5
5
1
,5
5
TOC Parapet
+1,05
Elements:
GR Grade
S Slab
F Foundation
W Wall
FF Finished Floor
TOC Top of concrete
Pre-cast segment
Masonry
Reinforced concrete
Legend:
Drywall
Mller, and Hendrik Hafner, Duale Hochschule Baden-
Wuerttemberg, Mosbach, Germany; and

Fifh place: Stephanie Schmidt, Dominic Khner, Tobias
Murer, and Yvonne Lindemann, Erfurt University of
Applied Science, Erfurt, Germany.
Reprinted with permission of PERI GmbH.
Emirates Pearl Hotel
Design and construction challenges of a twisting tower in the Middle East
by Ahmed Osman, Whitney Morris, and Ahmed El-Magdoub
L
ocated among the palaces and high-prole skyscrapers
on Abu Dhabis Corniche Road, the 55-story Emirates
Pearl Hotel is a new destination among the United
Arab Emirates many landmarks. The buildings expansive
podium includes ve levels of underground parking plus
ve levels of restaurants, retail areas, spas, swimming pools,
and a gymnasium; the buildings tower includes 60 luxury
apartments and a ve-star hotel with 437 keys. While these
are certainly impressive attributes, the Pearls signature
feature is the form of its tower that projects 45 stories above
the podium. The towers unique form is created by oor
planseach comprising partial ellipsesthat spiral around
a central elliptical core (Fig. 1 and 2).
Not a Simple Twist
Although the oors of the Pearls tower share the same
elliptical outline, each oor is rotated 0.56 degrees relative
to the oor below (Fig. 2). Further, the perimeter columns
are inclined 15 degrees from the vertical and shif 480 mm
(19 in.) in the circumferential direction at each level. From
Tower Level 1 to the roof, the oor plans undergo a total
rotation of 25 degrees and the perimeter columns shif a total
of 21.6 m (71 f). This complex geometry created signicant
challenges during design and construction phases. But these
and other challenges were successfully met through the
collaborative eforts of the design and construction teams.
Basic challenges
To facilitate the 679 parking spaces mandated by Abu
Dhabis District Department of Transportation, the Pearl
required ve underground parking levels. To accommodate
these levels and the buildings raf foundation, a 20 m (66 f)
deep excavation (not including the elevator pits) was
needed. Excavation was accomplished using a reinforced
concrete diaphragm wall with tie-backs (Fig. 3), an elaborate
dewatering system allowing construction of piles, a raf
foundation, an extensive waterproong system, and
permanent foundation walls (with an average thickness of
375 mm [15 in.]).
DIMENSIONS IN DEGREES
33.58
1.40
2
0
.3
5
1
6
.8
2
0
.5
3
1
6
.8
2
1
6
.7
8
1
6
.8
6
1
6
.8
2
16.82
0
.5
3
25.14
23.39
1.40
1
6
.8
2
1
6
.8
2
1
6
.8
2
1
6
.8
2
1
6
.8
2
1
6
.8
2
2
0
.3
5
25.14
0
.5
3
0
.5
3
2
3
.3
9
T
O
W
E
R
Y
-
A
X
IS
TOWER X-AXIS
CORE X1-AXIS
C
O
R
E
Y
1
-A
X
IS
Fig. 1: Each floor plan comprises partial ellipses that spiral
around a central elliptical core. The 270 mm (10.5 in.) post-
tensioned C50 (7200 psi) concrete flat plate slabs span
more than 10.5 m (34.0 ft) from the core wall to the perimeter
tower columns
Fig. 2: Although the floors of
the Pearls tower share the
same elliptical outline, each
floor is rotated 0.56 degrees
relative to the floor below.
The perimeter columns are
also inclined 15 degrees
from the vertical and shift
480 mm (19 in.) in the
circumferential direction at
each level
Because Abu Dhabi is an island, the average groundwater
elevation is very near the ground surface. Reinforced
concrete piles were required to anchor the raf foundation
to the rock substrate to counter the hydrostatic uplif on
the underground structure. Afer the construction of the
piles, however, it was discovered the reinforcing bars
extending from the piles were short of the required design
lap length by 200 to 300 mm (8 to 12 in.). Because it was
extremely critical that the full tension capacity of the
reinforcing was developed into the raf, hooked extensions
were coupled to the starter bars using cold-swaged, sleeve-
type mechanical splices (Fig. 4).
The buildings raf foundation was placed in multiple
stages. Before construction, the design and construction
teams agreed on a detailed sequencing plan that included
studies of the impact of the concrete trucks on nearby
trafc, set the required number of reserve (standby) concrete
trucks based on travel distance and weather conditions, and
allotted time frames for each placement.
The raf foundation is up to 3 m (10 f) thick below the
tower area, so mass concreting practices were required to
limit cracking due to temperature diferentials. Using ice
for the mixing water and installing surface insulation afer
placement, the maximum temperature diferential between
the interior of the raf and its surface was maintained at
25C (45F) (the temperature was monitored with thermo-
couples located at various depths).
Core systems
The lateral force-resisting system for the tower comprises
an elliptical reinforced concrete core that was slipformed to
speed construction (Fig. 5). To resist the high lateral loads
imposed on the core, steel link beams were required to
connect wall piers created by numerous large openings
Fig. 3: Excavation for underground parking was accomplished
using a reinforced concrete diaphragm wall with tie-backs, an
elaborate dewatering system allowing construction of piles, a
raft foundation, an extensive waterproofing system, and
permanent foundation walls (with an average thickness of
375 mm [15 in.])
Fig. 4: Because it was extremely critical that the full tension
capacity of the reinforcing in the piles was developed into the
raft, hooked extensions were coupled to the starter bars using
cold-swaged, sleeve-type mechanical splices
Fig. 5: The lateral force-resisting system for the tower comprises
an elliptical reinforced concrete core, which was slipformed to
speed construction
throughout the buildings height. The elliptical shape of
the core added an additional complicationeach link
beam had to be fabricated with a sweep to match the wall
geometry. Although the original design called for built-up
steel shapes, the design and construction teams worked
together to select hot-rolled steel shapes as an economical
and time-saving solution.
Floor systems
The program for the parking levels was relatively
straightforward, so construction of the initial oors began
soon afer completion of the raf foundation. To minimize
construction time, the parking levels were constructed with
hollow core slabs resting on cast-in-place concrete beams.
Early in the construction phase, however, the podium
levels went through several rounds of redesign to accom-
modate owner and tenant needs. To allow the advancement
of the tower levels while the podium-level design continued,
the contractor proposed separating the tower footprint from
the podium levels with construction joints (Fig. 6). Also, to
eliminate complicated detailing that would be required for
expansion joints, the podium levels were constructed using
hold-back strips to accommodate early-age shrinkage of the
concrete slabs and beams.
But those werent the only unique features in the
podium levels. To accommodate the design of the lobby
faade, the edges of Podium Levels 1 through 3 had to be
supported by steel hangers suspended from a deep post-
tensioned (PT) beam at the Podium Roof (Fig. 7). Another
major challenge developed, however, during the construction
of the PT beams: the primary and reserve concrete pumps
Fig. 6: To allow the advancement of the tower levels while
podium design continued, the contractor proposed separating
the tower footprint from the podium levels with construction
joints. In addition to transferring lateral loads to the core, the
V-shaped transfer columns had to carry gravity loads from the
rectangular perimeter tower columns to circular interior
columns centered roughly 6 m (over 19 ft) away
Fig. 7: To accommodate the design of the lobby faade, the
edges of Podium Levels 1 through 3 had to be supported by
steel hangers suspended from a deep post-tensioned beam at
the Podium Roof
failed when only about 30% of the beam placement had
been completed. Although a third concrete pump was
delivered to the site and the placement continued, the
resumption in placing of concrete was too late to avoid
formation of cold joints in the beams. The design and
construction teams agreed to investigate the cold joint to
determine if the beams could be salvaged.
Nondestructive ultrasonic testing by a third-party
specialist revealed the presence of gaps, ranging from 0.3 to
0.8 mm (0.01 to 0.03 in.). The solution was to inject a
cementitious grout at selected locations along the prole of
the beams to ll the voids and bond the two placements.
Subsequent load tests using the anticipated loads applied
simultaneously on all podium levels resulted in measured
deections that were lower than the calculated deections.
To ensure durability, another round of ultrasonic testing
was conducted to verify that all voids had been eliminated.
Additional challenges for podium levels included a
25 x 33 m (82 x 108 f) column-free ballroom located at
Basement Level 1. The large open spans were achieved
using 2.3 to 2.8 m (7.5 to 9.2 f) deep PT concrete transfer
beams to support the podium oors above. To reduce the
amount of shoring required during placement of these
beams, the contractor suggested placing the beams in two
stages. Afer careful analysis and redesign of the beams, it
was concluded that an initial placement of 800 mm (32 in.)
depth would create beams capable of supporting the
construction loads imposed during the remainder of
the placement.
The typical tower oors comprise PT at plate slabs that
span more than 10.5 m (34 f) from the perimeter columns
to the central core wall (Fig. 1). The 270 mm (10.5 in.) thick
slabs were constructed using C50 (7200 psi) concrete. The
system was selected because it allowed rapid construction
and it distributes gravity loads to the core to help resist
wind and seismic forces and minimize wall reinforcing.
Transfer systems
From the beginning, the designers were keenly aware
that the towers sloping perimeter columns would cause the
building to rotate at each level and induce torsion on the
buildings elliptical core. A solution was provided in the
form of inclined transfer columns that signicantly reduced
the maximum torsion acting on the core.
The transfer columns (Fig. 6) played two roles in developing
the stability of the building. In addition to alleviating the
twist on the core wall, they were designed to work with the
typical perimeter tower columns as outriggers for the
lateral force-resisting system. The perimeter tower column
sections range from 400 x 1600 mm (16 x 63 in.) in the
upper oors to 600 x 1600 mm (24 x 63 in.) at Tower
Level 1. At the Podium Roof, the perimeter tower columns
transfer to 1325 mm (52 in.) diameter circular columns
(Fig. 6) that extend to the raf foundation. Because of the
high gravity and lateral loads in the vertical elements,
C70 (10,100 psi) concrete was required in the columns
and walls up to Tower Level 24, and C50 (7200 psi) concrete
was required for the remaining levels.
Detailed construction sequence analyses were performed
to ensure that the analysis and design of the tower matched
the actual construction operations. Column transfers at
Tower Level 1 were also structurally sensitive and very
complicated from a constructibility standpoint. In addition
to transferring lateral loads to the core, the transfer columns
had to carry gravity loads from the rectangular perimeter
tower columns to circular interior columns centered
roughly 6 m (over 19 f) away. To achieve this, a V-shaped
column was required (Fig. 6). To conrm that this compli-
cated joint detail was constructible, full-size reinforcement
mockups were built on site (Fig. 8). End anchorage plates
were used to shorten the embedment lengths and help
reduce congestion. Also, to ensure that the geometry was as
precise as possible, custom-built steel formwork was used
for all 16 locations (Fig. 9).
The transfer system at Tower Level 1 and 27 also included
16 post-tensioned beams with dead-end anchorages embedded
in the core wall. Because the anchorages afected the net
concrete thickness in the wall, the design and construction
teams agreed to increase the thickness of the core walls by
an additional 200 mm (8 in.) at the anchorages.
To supplement on-the-job training, ACI has developed the ACI Physical Testing of
Cement Training Video as a resource for new testers and a refresher for experienced
testers. The following tests are included:
ASTM C109 Compressive Strength
ASTM C151 Autoclave Expansion
ASTM C185 Air Content
ASTM C187 Normal Consistency
ASTM C191 Vicat Time of Setting
ASTM C204 Blaine Fineness
ASTM C266 Gillmore Time of Setting
ASTM C1437 Flow of Mortar
Additionally, the video includes a review of safety, equipment, and the laboratory
environment. Each chapter reviews the equipment specic to the ASTM test, the test
procedure to follow, and the calculation of the result. Helpful tips are provided throughout
to improve the technicians knowledge and technique.
Check out a preview clip on YouTube; search for ACI testing cement training
preview.
NEW! ACI PHYSICAL TESTING
OF CEMENT TRAINING VIDEO (EDPTCT13)
NEW! ACI PHYSICAL TESTING
OF CEMENT TRAINING VIDEO (EDPTCT13)
Details can be found at
www.concrete.org; search the
bookstore for EDPTCT13.
Ahmed Osman, is a Managing
Principal with DeSimone Consulting
Engineers, Abu Dhabi, United Arab
Emirates (UAE). He joined the rm
in 2004. Osman has over 18 years
of experience designing high-rise
buildings, sports facilities, long-span
roofs, hotels, and residential buildings
in New York, the United States, and
Abu Dhabi, UAE. He is a licensed professional engineer in
multiple jurisdictions.
Whitney Morris is a Senior Project
Engineer with DeSimone Consulting
Engineers. Over the past 7 years, she
has worked on the design and
managed construction on many
notable high-rise buildings in both the
San Francisco, CA, and Abu Dhabi
ofces of DeSimone. In 2012, she was
recognized with the Young Engineer
of the Year award from Big Project-Middle East.
Ahmed El-Magdoub is a Structural
Design Manager with the Arabian
Construction Company (ACC), Abu
Dhabi, UAE. He has been with ACC
since 2007, and he has over 25 years
of experience designing a wide
variety of structures and major
projects, including high-rise buildings,
airports, infrastructure projects, mixed-
use developments, and healthcare facilities in Africa and
the Gulf region.
Project Credits
Architect: Dennis Lems Architects Associates
Engineer: DeSimone Consulting Engineers; Associates
Michael Schwarz and Nicolas Rodrigues, Associate
Principal Mark Plechaty, and President Stephen
DeSimone provided invaluable help in designing the
Emirates Pearl Hotel
Contractor: Arabian Construction Company (ACC)
Owner: Emirates Pearl for Development &
Investment LLC
Recognized Success
Through the collaborative eforts of the design and
construction teams, many complex challenges were success-
fully met. And these eforts have been recognized, as the
Emirates Pearl development has gone on to win several
prestigious structural awards, including:

2012 National Council of Structural Engineers Outstanding
Award Winner International Structures over $100M;

2013 Structural Engineers Association of Northern
California Award of Merit for a Landmark Structure;
Fig. 8: To confirm that the complicated joint detail for V-shaped
columns was constructible, full-size reinforcement mockups
were built on site
Fig. 9: To ensure that the V-shaped column geometry was as
precise as possible, custom-built steel formwork was used for all
16 locations

2012 Concrete Industry Board Award of Merit for an
Out-of-Country project; and

Platinum Award for Engineering Excellence in the 2014
American Council of Engineering Companies of New
York Awards.
Selected for reader interest by the editors.
American Society of Concrete Contractors
2025 S. Brentwood Blvd., Suite 105
St. Louis, MO 63144
Telephone: +1.314.962.0210; Fax: +1.314.968.4367
Web site: www.ascconline.org; E-mail: ascc@ascconline.org
American Society
of Concrete Contractors
Position Statement #42
This position statement from the American Society
of Concrete Contractors is presented for reader interest
by the editors. The opinions expressed are not necessarily
those of the American Concrete Institute. Reader comment
is invited.
T
he American Concrete Institute (ACI) has developed
a number of specications that are ofen referenced in
project Contract Documents. The most familiar of
these referenced specications are ACI 117, Standard
Specications for Tolerances for Concrete Materials and
Construction, and ACI 301, Standard Specications for
Structural Concrete. Speciers ofen cite ACI Specications
in the Contract Documents, but many fail to comply with
the Mandatory Requirements Checklist included in the
Notes to Specier.
The ACI 2013 Technical Committee Manual describes
the Mandatory Requirements Checklist as follows:
The Mandatory Requirements Checklist identies
provisions that do not have a default requirement and specic
requirements must be provided in the contract documents.
ACI 301-10 also reminds the Specier of this requirement
with the following sentence in Section F4 of the ACI 301
Foreword to checklists:
The Specier must include these requirements in the
Project Specication.
If the Specier fails to follow the Mandatory Require-
ments Checklist and provide specic requirements in the
Contract Documents, much of the referenced specication
is not applicable to the construction of the project. As an
example, ACI 301 contains sections on architectural
concrete, lightweight concrete, mass concrete, and indus-
trial oor slabs. The Mandatory Requirements Checklist
provides the following in the Notes to Specier:

Designate areas to be treated as architectural concrete;

Designate portions of the structure to be constructed of
lightweight concrete;

Designate portions of the structure to be treated as mass
concrete; and

Designate portions of the structure to be constructed as
industrial oor slabs.
If no areas or portions of the structure are designated in
the Contract Documents as architectural concrete, light-
Proper Use of ACI Reference Specifications
weight concrete, mass concrete, or industrial oor slabs,
the specications in each of these sections do not apply to
the project.
Similarly, the ACI 301 Mandatory Requirements Check-
list also requires the Specier to designate in the Contract
Documents the exposure class for portions of the structure
requiring concrete to be resistant to sulfate attack and
freezing and thawing, or when concrete is required to have
low permeability or increased corrosion protection for
reinforcement. If the Specier does not designate the
exposure class for portions of the structure, the Contractor
can justiably conclude that there are no special exposure
requirements for the concrete.
If the Specier fails to specify the information required in
the ACI 301 Mandatory Requirements Checklist, concrete
contractors cannot include that work in their bid. Most
Speciers do follow one requirement in the Mandatory
Requirements Checklist item for Section 4.2.2.8 of ACI 301-10:
Indicate the specied compressive strength of concrete
f
c
for various portions of the Work.
A project could not be bid accurately without informa-
tion regarding required concrete strength for diferent
portions of the work. Similarly, projects cant be accurately
bid if the Specier doesnt address the other items in the
Mandatory Requirements Checklist.
ACI 301 and many other specications include numerous
provisions that are not applicable to a specic work or
project. Contractors can consider in their bid only such
provisions that are designated as applicable to the project in
either the specications or the drawings. A change order for
extra work will be submitted if the Owner, Architect/
Engineer, or Construction Manager enforces requirements
for portions of the structure that werent designated in the
Contract Documents.
If you have any questions, contact your ASCC concrete
contractor or the ASCC Technical Hotline at
+1.800.331.0668.
Haynes Whaley Merged with Cardno
Haynes Whaley Associates, a structural engineering rm,
has merged with Cardno, which provides infrastructure and
environmental services and expertise in the development
and improvement of physical and social infrastructure
worldwide. The new rm, Cardno Haynes Whaley, will
operate as part of Cardnos Engineering and Environmental
Services Division in the United States and will ofer
specialized structural engineering services for commercial,
public, and institutional projects. Shareholders of Haynes
Whaley Associates will become Cardno shareholders and
remain active leaders in the company.
Simpson Strong-Tie Donates Products to
Solar Decathlon Teams
Simpson Strong-Tie (SST) made product donations to
several collegiate teams that competed last October in the U.S.
Department of Energy Solar Decathlon to design, build, and
operate cost-efective solar-powered houses. The SST
Riverside, CA, facility sponsored the Southern California
Institute of Architecture and California Institute of Technology
teams dynamic augmented living environment design.
That facility also donated products to the University of
Southern California School of Architecture team. The SST
Columbus, OH, facility sponsored Team Kentuckiana, a
collaboration among the University of Louisville, Ball State
University, and the University of Kentucky. SST provided
several holdowns, clip angles, and screws for Team
Kentuckianas Phoenix House project. The SST McKinney,
TX, location donated materials to the Appalachian State
University-Universite dAngers team for their entry in Solar
Decathlon Europe 2014, to be held in Versailles, France.
Spancrete Services Expand to India
and Russia
Spancrete

has announced the addition of sales and
service representation in India and Russia. Kirit Patel,
President of SP Precast Pvt. LTD, Mumbai, India, and
Mikhail Myarikianov, President of Northern Construction
Company in Yakutsk, Russia, bring decades of experience in
the building industry. Both will provide sales and service
expertise to their local construction industry.
CarbonCure and Northeld Block
Release First Concrete Health Product
Declaration in North America
CarbonCure Technologies Inc. and Northeld Block, a
division of Oldcastle APG, issued the rst Health Product
Declaration (HPD) for any concrete product in North
America. This document reveals the health impacts of one
of Northelds products, Trendstone

Sandstone, made
using CarbonCure

technology, which uses waste CO
2
to
cure concrete. Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)
and HPDs enable manufacturers to communicate a
products environmental and health impacts to users. In
LEED version 4, construction projects that use at least 20
building products that have issued EPDs and/or HPDs will
be awarded points under the Materials and Resources:
Building Product Disclosure and Optimization credit.
TCAs 2013 Alphonse J. Engelman
Safety Awards
The Tilt-Up Concrete Association (TCA) announced the
winners of the 2013 Alphonse J. Engelman Safety Awards.
The program is in honor of Engelman, who was a TCA
President and Board member and helped with the inception
of the awards program. TCA developed the awards to
support the overall TCA mission to improve the industry
through recognition and education. Submissions were
accepted from active TCA members. The categories and
winners include:

Best Tilt-Up Safety Achievement Award/General
Contractors: E.E. Reed Construction, L.P., Sugar Land,
TX, and The Korte Company, St. Louis, MO;

Best Tilt-Up Safety Achievement Award/Tilt-Up
Contractors: Hakanson Construction, Inc., Brea, CA, and
Keystone Concrete Placement, Houston, TX;

Most Improved Safety Achievement Award: Divcon, Inc.,
Spokane, WA; and

Zero Lost Time Accident Achievement Award:
AML, Inc.; Arch-Con Corporation; B.D. Stevens;
Bob Moore Construction; E.E. Reed Construction;
Hakanson Construction; SiteCast Construction; and
The Korte Company.
Timmons Group Laboratory Now
AASHTO Accredited
Timmons Group, a civil engineering and professional
consulting rm in Richmond, VA, received its most recent
accreditation, the American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Ofcials (AASHTO) certication. To
meet the AASHTO accreditation standards, Timmons
Groups laboratory was required to have personnel and
quality management systems that met the individual
requirements for the AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory
(for soils) and the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory;
accept regular, scheduled on-site assessments by representa-
tives from the two laboratories; successfully respond to
items noted during the assessments; and actively participate
in the applicable prociency sample programs. Timmons
Groups laboratory has also recently qualied to conduct
materials tests for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Industry
Focus
Products &
Practice
Calorimeters by Calmetrix
Calorimetry measures the heat generated during the early hydration of cementitious materials. The timing and shape of
the temperature curve obtained through calorimetry is an indicator of relative performance of cementitious mixtures (for
example, setting time or compressive strength) as well as potential incompatibilities among materials used in the mixture
(for example, various admixtures or cementitious materials combinations). Calmetrix ofers isothermal and semi-adiabatic
calorimeters specially designed for cement and concrete applications. Calmetrix isothermal calorimeters are large enough
to easily test real concrete and mortar. Each Calmetrix calorimeter comes with application-specic sofware for equipment
operation and data interpretation.
Calmetrix, Inc., www.calmetrix.com
E-750 Electric Wheelbarrow
Power Pushers E-750 Electric Wheelbarrow allows users
to transport heavy loads of materials such as rocks, bricks,
sand, dirt, and concrete. The E-750 is designed with heavy-
duty construction and a 24 V, battery-operated motor,
making it suitable for indoor applications. It can run for a
total of 5 miles (8 km) on a single charge of its rechargeable
battery. The E-750 can transport a maximum of 750 lb
(340 kg) at speeds up to 3 mph (5 km/h) in its 9 f
3
(3 m
3
)
bed. Also, a power dump feature, which is activated with a
button on the handle, provides an added benet of safety.
Power Pusher, www.powerpusher.com
Jordahl Anchor Channels
Decon USA announced that JORDAHL

has been issued the rst independent anchor channel evaluation report in
North America. The International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Ofcials Evaluation Service Report No. 0293
shows that JORDAHL

anchor channels have been evaluated in accordance with ICC-ES AC232, and are in compliance
with the 2012, 2009, and 2006 International Building Code and the 2012, 2009, and 2006 International Residential Code.
This report will be of assistance to professionals who require verication of compliance with applicable codes and product
performance evaluation to independently veried design criteria. The anchor channels are widely used for the adjustable
anchoring of faades and structural components to concrete.
Decon USA, www.deconusa.com
Multichannel Thermocouple Data Logger
The Onset HOBO UX120 Thermocouple Logger is a four-channel LCD data logger
for measuring and recording temperature in diferent monitoring applications. The
logger can record temperatures over a broad range of 260 to 1820C (436 to 3308F)
and can accept up to four J-, K-, T-, E-, R-, S-, B-, or N-type probes. It also features an
internal temperature sensor for logging ambient temperatures, further extending the
range of application possibilities. The loggers LCD display indicates operation and
battery status, eliminating the need to connect to a computer, and it has sufcient
memory to store 1.9 million measurements.
Onset, www.onsetcomp.com
Products & Practice
Gelmaxx Slurry Solution
Contractors can minimize the risk of inhaling concrete dust and follow the current Occupational Safety and Health
Administrations (OSHAs) regulations by grinding and cutting concrete with water. To responsibly dispose of the concrete
slurry, Gelmaxx provides a two-part system that safely removes the slurry while being EPA compliant. The Gelmaxx system
rst separates the water from the concrete slurry with the AQUAmaxx separator, reducing the waste and producing clean
water that can be reused in machines. The ECO-QUICKgel solidier absorbs the lefover liquid and turns the remaining
slurry into a dry material that is safe for landlling.
Gelmaxx, www.gelmaxxusa.com
Swap Anti-Fog Safety Glasses
Gateway Safety Swap

anti-fog safety glasses provide
the comfort of safety spectacles, but with goggle-like
protection. Swap facilitates both roles with a switch of
the temples for the goggle head strap, which is included
with each pair. Two features help prevent fogging.
Venting channels around the frame reduce hot air
buildup, and the lenses are coated on both sides with
Gateway Safetys anti-fog formula. The entire Swap
frame is lined with sof polystyrene that blocks dust
and debris. Swaps large, one-piece wraparound
polycarbonate lenses are independently certied by
Underwriters Laboratories to meet ANSI Z87.1+ while
ofering 99.9% UVA, UVB, and UVC protection.
Gateway Safety Inc., www.gatewaysafety.com
Proline Decorative Concrete Systems
Proline Concrete Color Systems Stamps can be used in a variety of environments, including driveways, countertops, and
swimming pools. The new Grand Series includes: Connors Quarry Stone, an Ashlar pattern of saw-cut blocks that can be
ipped 180 degrees to give a random efect; Larger Garden Stone, a larger stamp with the ability to rotate 360 degrees;
San Diego Flagstone, large stones with a natural fractured edge; and Quarry Stone, a seamless texture mat.
Proline, www.prolinestamps.com
Peri Solution for Lanaye Lock Bridge, Belgium
The Variokit modular system was used for the construction of the steel composite bridge of the extended Lanaye lock
facility in Belgium. The Lanaye locks are located on the border between Belgium and the Netherlands and connect the
Albert Canal with Juliana Canal, a side canal of the River Meuse. The bridge features two 90-degree bends complete with
tight axis radii of 30 m (98 f). The S-shaped, 200 m (656 f) long and 15 m (49 f) wide bridge crosses the shipping
channel at right angles. The Peri bridge solution featured radially arranged Variokit cantilever brackets for the two radii.
A total of 13 casting segments, with lengths ranging from 8 to 12m (26 to 39 f), were constructed while maintaining the
required stripping times.
Peri, www.peri-usa.com
Web Notes
Products&Service
Literature&Videos
Products & Practice
Book Notes
Information on the items reported in Products & Practice is furnished by the product manufacturers, suppliers, or developers who are respon-
sible for the accuracy of the information. Also, the descriptions of these items do not represent endorsement by this magazine, by the American
Concrete Institute, or any of its staff. They are published here simply as a service to our readers.
Mobile Home Skirting and Re-Leveling Blog
Creative Concrete Products, LLC, introduced its Mobile Home Skirting and Re-Leveling Blog. The blog addresses the
manufacture and installation of Duraskirt Concrete Foundations Skirting panels and highlights mobile, log, and manufac-
tured home installations; deck surrounds; trailer houses; and park model home skirting. Also, the blog will provide
information about Duraskirt for pier and beam homes, post and beam houses, and wainscoting for pole buildings.
Engineered to meet the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Permanent Foundation Code, Duraskirt is
available in two options: Traditional Smooth and Northwest Aggregate. The products come with an instructional video to
walk a user through the installation process.
Creative Concrete Products, LLC, www.duraskirt.com
PCI MNL-117, by PCI Plant Certication and Architectural Precast Committees
The Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) Plant Certication Committee and Architectural Precast Committee
announced the availability of Quality Control Manual for Architectural Precast Concrete, fourth edition (MNL-117). All A1
and AT certied plants audits will be conducted according to this version. Some signicant revisions include: reorganiza-
tion of many sections to match the section sequence in MNL-116; inclusion of information on self-consolidating concrete
found in the Interim Guidelines for the Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete in PCI Member Plants (TR-6-03); updated acceler-
ated concrete curing temperature requirements that have been harmonized to better match the requirements set forth by
other concrete industry organizations; and information and requirements for strand bond testing.
PCI, www.pci.org
PCI Bookstore, www.pci.org/bookstore/storefront.aspx; Price: $90; 334 pp.
HCSS 2013 Heavy Civil/Infrastructure
Estimating Survey
HCSS released ndings from its 2013 Heavy Civil/
Infrastructure Estimating Survey, which ofers insights to
issues that afect the heavy/highway industry. Responses
were collected from 442 companies across the United
States and Canada. Forty percent of respondents stated
they saw an increase in the number of bidders on jobs in
2012 versus 2011. Fify-three percent reported having to
bid on work outside of their normal geography or specialty area. To download a
free copy of the complete survey results, visit www.hcss.com/survey-estimating.
HCSS, www.hcss.com
Product
Showcase
Formwork & Accessories
Custom Rock Formliner
Custom Rock announced the opening of its plastic formliner facility in Schertz, TX. The companys thermoplastic
formliners are engineered to create nishes for all types of concrete applications. Made from 100% repurposed styrene or
ABS, they are produced with the same high quality as Custom Rocks multi-use polyurethane formliners.
Custom Rock Formliner, www.customrock.com
Titan Outrigger Platform
The Titan Outrigger Platform
(OP) is a portable and fully assembled staging

platform that facilitates equipment movement from oor to oor with a crane.
The OP mounts quickly and securely to buildings and features a ush diamond-
deck steel oor for smooth rolling of carts. The OP provides a 6 f 6 in. x 7 f
8 in. (1.96 x 2.34 m) deck. It is a relatively lightweight platform that weighs 2675
lb (1216 kg) and has a capacity of 4000 lb (1820 kg). Additional OPs can be
arranged in a staggered conguration to provide access to multiple oors
concurrently. The OP is engineered for compliance with OSHA standards and
arrives at job sites with proper rigging for a safe ying operation.
Titan Formwork Systems, www.titanformwork.com
Country Ledge Form Liner System
Buttereld Colors Country Ledge architectural form liner system creates the
natural appeal of stone and combines it with the strength and durability of
concrete. This system provides an alternative to natural stone construction for a
variety of vertical applications including foundations, retaining walls, interior
walls, and replace surrounds. The form liner system is molded using a high-
grade, reusable polyurethane. It is available in 2 x 7 f (0.6 x 2 m) and 3 x 7 f (0.9
x 2 m) sizes. The liners can be used individually or in combination to create any
wall size. The liners can be interlocked seamlessly from side to side and top to
bottom using Country Ledge Filler Stones. Also, the stones are used to complete
the pattern at the ends, corners, tops, and bottoms.
Buttereld Color, Inc., www.buttereldcolor.com
Concrete Form Release Agent
ChemMasters, introduced Release, a general purpose concrete
form release agent. Release is a mineral oil and petroleum-based
product. Its dual action formula is lightly reactive with improved
barrier characteristics. Release can be used for cast-in-place or
formed concrete and works well with forms made of plywood,
ber-reinforced polymer, steel, or aluminum. It aids in the release of
forms and helps reduce surface imperfections in concrete. Release
adheres well to vertical surfaces and has a cherry scent.
ChemMasters, Inc., www.chemmasters.net
Product Showcase
SpecStrip VOC 100
SpecChems SpecStrip VOC 100 is a highly rened, chemically active release
agent with a volatile organic compound (VOC) content less than 100 g/L.
Engineered to prevent the bonding of concrete to forms and liners, it improves
the release of formwork, reduces concrete build up, minimizes clean up, and
provides protection against corrosion.
SpecChem, www.specchemllc.com
MEVA Formwork Systems
The MevaLite clamp hand-set system is designed for concrete construction
projects with limited crane support. MevaLite is a two-chamber
aluminum hollow-prole panel frame. It is light but rigid, with a load
capacity of 1350 lbf/f
2
(65 kN/m
2
). The systems single piece clamp aligns
and securely links formwork panels with just a few hammer blows. The
panel sizes come in widths of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 f (0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6,
0.7, and 0.9 m) by heights of 3, 4, 6, and 9 f (0.9, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.7 m). The
closed cross stifeners are equipped with welded in DYWIDAG threaded
nuts for easy attachment of accessories. The panels have a durable, white
powder coat paint that reduces concrete adhesion and minimizes the
cleaning process. MevaLite has integrated tie of bars for easy handling
and user safety. Its features include all-plastic facing that doesnt shrink or
swell, is both water and chemical resistant, provides long life performance,
and provides a superior concrete nish.
Meva Formwork Systems, Inc., www.mevaformwork.com
BM3 Positioning Device
The Bosch BM3 Positioning Device is versatile for multiple applications. The laser can be used without detaching the
tool from its mount. BM3 magnetically attaches to metal surfaces, has retractable feet, can be mounted to drywall or wood
with screws, and can be used with a sling clip for ceiling grid applications. The device features a ne adjustment knob for
fast and accurate leveling.
Bosch, www.boschtools.com
Eco Crete
Wagman Metal Products Eco Crete is a liquid that has the ability to remove dry and
hardened concrete from surfaces. It is designed to eliminate the need for jackhammering,
sandblasting, and scraping of hardened concrete from equipment, forms, and other items
that may come into contact with concrete. Eco Crete is biodegradable and equipment
friendly, and it will not harm chrome, electrical systems, paint, rubber, and other surfaces
when used according to the directions. It is packaged ready to use and needs to be
brushed or sprayed onto the concrete that is to be removed.
Wagman Metal Products, Inc., www.wagmanmetal.com
Calls for
Papers
Our World in Concrete & Structures
Meeting: The 39th Conference on Our World in
Concrete & Structures, August 20-22, 2014, Singapore;
sponsored by CI-Premier Pte Ltd.
Solicited: The conference theme is Research and
Practice in Structural Design. Topics will include design
and analysis for buildings and structures; mixture design,
quality control, and production; concrete plant equipment
and machinery; repairs and rehabilitation; materials and
composites; construction and safety; and application in
roads, bridges, tall buildings, tunnels, underwater, and
underground. Visit www.cipremier.com for more information.
Requirements: Submit abstracts of 250 to 300 words by
e-mail.
Deadline: Abstracts are due by June 30, 2014.
Send to: Peggy Teo, Manager, CI-Premier Pte Ltd.,
e-mail: peggy@cipremier.com.
Notable Concrete in Washington, DC,
and Vicinity
Document: Compendium of notable concrete in
Washington, DC, and vicinity for publication at the ACI
Fall 2014 Convention in Washington, DC, October 24-30,
2014; compiled by ACI Committee 124, Concrete Aesthetics,
and cosponsored by the ACI National Capital Chapter and
the American Institute of Architects DC Chapter. This
document will also be available as an electronic le on the
ACI website and may be excerpted in Concrete International.
Images submitted will be stored and available as electronic
les on the ACI website and may be used in ACI educational
and promotional materials. Exceptional images may merit
placement on the cover of Concrete International.
Solicited: Image and brief description of notable
concrete (cast-in-place, precast, post-tensioned, FRP, masonry,
tilt-up, etc.) in all types of uses (buildings, monuments,
pavement, silos, bridges, crypts, furniture, retaining walls,
utility poles, tanks, sculptures, culverts, plazas, and whatever
else has caught your attention). Signicance may be
historical, aesthetic, sustainable, functional, structural,
construction-related, unusual use or application, or simply
personal afection.
Requirements: 1) Name and location of submission;
image (photograph, drawing, or sketch) that is not copy-
righted; 2) brief description that establishes signicance
and lists credits; and 3) submitters name, title, organization,
city and state, telephone, and e-mail address. Location
information should include zip code. Submit all information
in electronic format: image as JPG or TIF le at least 1 MB
(but no more than 4 MB); text in e-mail or as MS Word
document (100 words maximum).
Deadline: Submissions are due by July 1, 2014.
Send to: Michael J. Paul, Built Form LLC, 304 Country
Club Drive, Wilmington, DE 19803; e-mail: mjp@built-
form2.com.
Open Paper Session
Meeting: Two 2-hour technical sessions titled Open
Paper Session during the ACI Fall 2014 Convention on
October 28, 2014, in Washington, DC; sponsored by ACI
Committee 123, Research and Current Developments.
Solicited: Presentations are invited on previously unpub-
lished information from completed studies on any aspect of
structural analysis, concrete materials science, structural
design, construction, manufacturing, use, and maintenance
of concrete structures and products. The purpose of this
session is to ofer authors/speakers an open forum for
presentation of recent technical information that does not
t into other sessions scheduled for this convention. Typical
presentation time is 18 to 20 minutes.
Requirements: 1) Presentation title; 2) author/speaker
name(s), job title, organization, mailing address, telephone
number, and e-mail; and 3) an abstract of up to 250 words.
One relevant gure may be included. Please note that
duplicate submissions to both Research in Progress and
Open Paper Sessions are not accepted; please select the
appropriate session for your abstract.
Deadline: Abstracts must be submitted electronically no
later than August 12, 2014. Authors/speakers will be notied
of the review decision for acceptance by August 26, 2014.
Send to: Eric Giannini, The University of Alabama,
telephone: +1.205.348.0785, e-mail: ergiannini@eng.ua.edu;
and Aaron Larosche, WDP & Associates, telephone:
+1.512.789.3947, e-mail: alarosche@wdpa.com.
Investigation of Unexpected
Performance and Properties of
Cementitious Mixtures
Meeting: Workshop on Methods for Investigation of
Unexpected Performance and Properties of Cementitious
Mixtures, December 7, 2014, in New Orleans, LA, during
ASTM Internationals December 2014 Committee Week;
sponsored by ASTM Subcommittee C09.48, Performance of
Cementitious Materials and Admixture Combinations.
Solicited: As concrete and related mixtures become
more complex, with multiple and/or unfamiliar cementitious
materials and chemical admixtures, prediction of performance
and properties becomes more challenging. Unexpected
trends are experienced more frequently, and resolution is
ofen elusive. Both plastic and hardened mixture properties
may be afected, and may include development of initial
Calls for Papers
workability and/or workability retention, setting characteristics,
abnormal or rapid early stifening, inadequate or higher
than expected strength development, air entrainment,
volume change, bleeding, and nishability. The objectives
of this workshop are to present case history examples of
unexpected performance and properties that have been
observed in such mixtures and methods that were useful in
evaluating and understanding them; consider and generate
dialogue on the extent to which various standard methods
and standard practices such as those based on paste or
mortar mixtures can be useful in understanding such
behavior and leading to resolution of problematic trends,
and present new approaches and methods or modications
to existing tests or practices that have been productively
used toward these ends.
Requirements: Potential presenters are invited to
submit a title and abstract of 500 words or less on specic
experiences and/or research or method development that
supports these objectives. Identify the presenter(s) who will
attend the workshop and will present.
Deadline: Abstracts are due by August 31, 2014.
Send to: Workshop Co-Chair Tim Cost, Holcim (US) Inc.,
e-mail: tim.cost@holcim.com.
Design and Performance of Concrete
Bridges and Buildings When Interacting
with Soils and Foundations
Meeting: Technical session on Design and Performance
of Concrete Bridges and Buildings When Interacting with
Soils and Foundations during the ACI Fall 2015 Convention,
November 8-12, 2015, in Denver, CO; sponsored by ACI
Committee 345, Concrete Bridge Construction, Maintenance,
and Repair; and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 343, Concrete
Bridge Design.
Solicited: The special session will emphasize the design
and performance of concrete bridges and buildings with
consideration for interaction with soils and foundations,
including deep or shallow foundations. Given soil-structure
interaction as being a critical factor in the design of most
buildings and bridges, a technical forum is needed to
exchange current knowledge and develop research needs.
Presentations will encompass a wide variety of technical
issues, such as the efect of diferential settlement on
structural performance, geosynthetic-reinforced backlls
for bridge abutment, and earthquake-induced soil-founda-
tion-structure interaction on dynamic responses of
high-rises and bridges. Both experimental and analytical
investigations are of interest. The session brings to light
recent research ndings and provides an opportunity to
discuss present challenges and technical issues. Critical
information is provided to those who will lead tomorrows
structural design and construction in conjunction with
soils and foundations, including practicing engineers,
government ofcials, and academics. An ACI Special
Publication will be published.
Requirements: 1) Presentation/paper title; 2) author/
speaker name(s), title, organization, mailing address,
telephone number, fax, and e-mail; and 3) an abstract of
200 words.
Deadlines: Abstracts are due by November 15, 2014;
nal papers are due by March 31, 2015.
Send to: Yail Jimmy Kim and Nien-Yin Chang, University
of Colorado-Denver, Department of Civil Engineering,
1200 Larimer Street, Denver, CO 80217; telephone:
+1.303.352.3653; fax: +1.303.556.2368; e-mail: jimmy.kim@
ucdenver.edu and nien.chang@ucdenver.edu.
Calls for Papers: Submission Guidelines
Calls for papers should be submitted no later than 3 months prior to
the deadline for abstracts. Please send meeting information, papers/
presentations being solicited, abstract requirements, and deadline,
along with full contact information to: Keith A. Tosolt, Managing Editor,
Concrete International, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331;
e-mail: Keith.Tosolt@concrete.org. Visit www.callforpapers.concrete.org for
more information.
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It is our pleasure to congratulate individuals in 2014 who will have supported ACI for 25 and 45 years. The support
these individuals have shown represents a level of interest and improvement in concrete technology that is the backbone
of the Institute. Members like these have made and continue to make ACI a vibrant and diverse organization and lend
stability to the Institute. Their unwavering support over the years has helped make ACI the global knowledge leader
on concrete.
Thank you!
Congratulations, 2014
Long-Time Members of ACI
25-year members
Abraham A. Abugattas
Richard L. Angstrom
Phillip Jay Antis, Sr.
Khaled Walid Awad
Gregory W. Axten
Vartan Babakhanian
C. Allan Bamforth, Jr.
Bruce R. Bates
Roger J. Becker
Russell J. Bellard
Rolf Blank
Allan P. Bommer
Gregory L. Boppre
Marshall L. Brown
Carlos Jurado Cabanes
Robert R. Cain
Johnny Chami
Pete V. Chaudhari
Michael M. Chehab
Ronald A. Cook
Jay A. Costello
Samuel De Leon
Jitendra Pragji Desai
Daniel J. DiFrancesco
James K. Dillon
Ramon Donnell
Philip J. Englebert
Gerald A. Epp
Kamran Farahmandpour
Dennis R. Fex
Kenneth M. Floody
Gregory F. Force
Nabil Ahmad Fouad
Mario Franco
Richard Gagne
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Shajan Joykutty
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Paul R. Kaiser
Ashok M. Kakade
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Nike R. Keyvan
M. Reza Kianoush
Gary E. Knighton
Nicholas C. Kolupanowich
David A. Lange
John H. Lawder
Gordon H. Leaman
John A. Lendrum
Kuang Yak Lim
K. Allen Lindsey
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Hernan Estupinan Maldonado
Zaki M. Marashli
Ward N. Marianos, Jr.
Anthony B. Markunas
Larry D. Marney
C. Rodney McComas
Arthur W. McKinney
Quinton Morris
Lawrence Stephen Nagielski
Paul R. Neureuter
Kevin J. Nugent
Robert C. ONeill
Larry L. Olson
Turan Ozturan
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George H. Philley
T. Brad Pope
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Kesh Ramdular
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William J. Rider
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Carl B. Schoder
Peter Franklyn Scott
Robert E. Singleton, Jr.
Bradley W. Smith
Daniel A. Smith
Jefrey L. Smith
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Murray B. Spicer
Donald S. Spitzer
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David J. Stevens
John W. Tingley
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Chris M. Zynda
45-year members
Vinod Mohanlal Badani
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Zdenek P. Bazant
Jackson A. Clark
Robert E. Englekirk
Richard L. Foley
Hershell Gill
Ovidio A. Gonzalez
David E. Groblewski
Tommy E. Hixson
Allen K. Holmes
C. T. Thomas Hsu
Robert J. Jensik
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P. Kumar Mehta
Narayan M. Prachand
Venkataswamy Ramakrishnan
Della M. Roy
Henry G. Russell
Carl R. Sundquist
Chat Tim Tam
Man-Chung Tang
C. Nicholas Watry
Samuel S. White
John J. Zils
The American Concrete Institute has a policy of reduced membership dues for long-time members whereby, upon
application, a retired member who reached age 65 and has been a member for 25 years is eligible for continued
membership at half of the regular dues. In the case of members who have belonged to ACI for 45 years or more, there
is no charge for continuing membership.
If you have questions regarding this policy or would like to apply for this type of membership,
please contact the Member Services Department by telephone at +1.248.848.3800, by fax at
+1.248.848.3801, by e-mail at member-services@concrete.org, or by writing to: American Concrete
Institute, Attn: Member Services, 38800 Country Club Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331 USA
ACI draf standards open for public discussion that are being processed through ACIs ANSI-approved
standardization procedures can be found at www.concrete.org/Discussion. These are not yet ofcial
ACI standards.
Proposed Standards
Specication for Unbonded Single-Strand Tendon Materials (ACI 423.7)
The ACI Technical Activities Committee (TAC) approved processing the subject document through ACIs Standardization
Procedure in December 2013, as did the ACI Standards Board in April 2014.
Therefore, this draf document is open for public discussion from May 1, 2014, until June 17, 2014. The document
appears on the ACI website, www.concrete.org/Discussion.
Pertinent discussion will be available on ACIs website and announced in a future issue of Concrete International if
received no later than June 15, 2014. Comments should be e-mailed to discussion@concrete.org.
Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318) and Commentary
Procedure in March 2014, as did the ACI Standards Board in April 2014.
Code Requirements for Thin Shells (ACI 318.2) and Commentary
Procedure in January 2014, as did the ACI Standards Board in April 2014.
AugustCuring Technologies; space deadline
6/10/2014
SeptemberDesign & Management Sofware; space
deadline 7/11/2014
OctoberTesting Equipment; space deadline
8/12/2014
For advertising reservations, contact Keith Price, Network
Media Partners, kprice@networkpartners.com
To make an editorial submission, contact Lacey Stachel,
CI Editorial Assistant, lacey.stachel@concrete.org
Public
Discussion
Sinopsis en espaol
Hotel Emirates Pearl (Perla de los Emiratos)
Osman, Ahmed; Morris, Whitney y El-Magdoub, Ahmed;
Concrete International, V. 36, No. 6, junio de 2014,
pgs. 40-44
El artculo analiza los retos del diseo y la construccin
del hotel de 55 plantas Emirates Pearl en Abu Dhabi, en los
Emiratos rabes Unidos. El edicio tiene un podio con cinco
niveles de aparcamientos subterrneos y cinco niveles de in-
stalaciones diversas. La torre posee 60 apartamentos de lujo y
un hotel. Los pisos de la torre tienen el mismo diseo elptico,
pero a partir del 1er piso hasta el tejado, la planta presenta una
rotacin total de 25 grados y las columnas del permetro se
desplazan un total de 21,6 m (71 pies).
Presin del hormign de vibracin interna
Gardner, N.J., Concrete International, V. 36, No. 6, junio
de 2014, pgs. 33-37
El mayor porcentaje del hormign empleado en construc-
ciones verticales sigue siendo el hormign convencional,
por lo que los mtodos de colocacin y consolidacin son
los principales determinantes de las presiones laterales que
experimentar el encofrado. El autor revisa las ecuaciones de
diseo actuales y propone una nueva ecuacin para calcular
las presiones del hormign consolidado por vibracin interna.
La nueva Gua de formas de supercies de hormign
Spahr, Rolf, y Johnston, David, Concrete International,
V. 36, No. 6, junio de 2014, pgs. 30-32
Hace aproximadamente 7 aos, el comit 347 de la ACI,
Formwork for Concrete (Encofrado para el hormign),
decidi crear una nueva gua para denir detalladamente las
supercies de hormign encofrado basadas en un conjunto
de caractersticas de uniformidad. La gua elaborada, ACI
347.3R-13, dene los requisitos de la apariencia y proporcio-
na pautas detalladas para la produccin de varias supercies
de hormign y mtodos objetivos para su evaluacin. Se es-
pera que el documento sea til a todas las partes involucradas
en la planicacin, la construccin y el vaciado de elementos
de hormign encofrado.

Peri acepta propuestas para su Ejercicio de construccin
Concrete International, V. 36, No. 6, junio de 2014, pgs.
38-39
El Ejercicio de construccin de Peri es una competicin in-
ternacional que proporciona a los estudiantes en el campo de
la construccin la oportunidad de obtener una valiosa experi-
encia prctica en tecnologas de encofrado y de andamio. El
ejercicio se hace siempre sobre un proyecto real ya construido
y se espera que los estudiantes lo realicen integrando aspectos
tales como el equipo de la obra, la creacin de la solucin de
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Premios del Proyecto del ao 2013 de la Slag Cement
Association
Concrete International, V. 36, No. 6, junio de 2014,
pgs. 25-29
La Slag Cement Association (Asociacin de Cemento de
Escoria) present los Premios del Proyecto del ao 2013 du-
rante la reunin del Comit 233 de la ACI, Escoria molida en
hormign, en la Convencin de Primavera de 2014 en Reno,
Nevada (EE. UU.). Los premios reconocen los proyectos por
su excelencia e innovacin en hormign utilizando cemento
de escoria. Nueve proyectos recibieron galardones en las cat-
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Concrete
Q&A
Consolidation of
ConcreteRequired
or Not?
Questions in this column were asked by users of ACI documents
and have been answered by ACI staff or by a member or members
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Q.
We always require concrete slabs to be vibrated,
regardless if they are cast on ground,
temporary formwork, or metal deck. I know
that ACI 301-10
1
provides provisions for vibrating normal-
weight concrete and lightweight concrete, but does it have a
section that explicitly states that a concrete slab must be
vibrated? Lately, contractors have questioned the need for
consolidation of slabs, and it has become an issue on-site.
A.
Prior to consolidation, freshly placed concrete
contains irregularly distributed entrapped air voids.
So if a typical concrete mixture is allowed to harden
without consolidation, the nal product can have large voids,
referred to as honeycomb. Although the voids may not be
visible with slabs-on-ground and slabs-on-metal-deck, poorly
consolidated areas will have lower strength and higher
permeability than well-consolidated areas. So, durability may
be compromised. For example, Commentary Section R4.3.1 in
ACI 318-11
2
states: In addition to the proper selection of
cementitious materials, other requirements for durable
concrete exposed to water-soluble sulfate are essential, such as
low w/cm, strength, adequate air entrainment, adequate
consolidation, uniformity, adequate cover of reinforcement,
and sufcient moist curing to develop the potential properties
of the concrete. (emphasis added)
Its important to determine the proper consolidation
method for the concrete mixture specied on a project,
as well as placing conditions, formwork (if used), and type
and amount of reinforcement. Recommendations for consoli-
dation of concrete are given in detail in ACI 309R-05,
3
includ-
ing information on the efects of mixture proportioning on
consolidation and consolidation mechanisms. ACI 309R-05
also gives recommendations on equipment and procedures for
various classes of construction.
Section 5.3.2.5 of ACI 301-10
1
states that unless otherwise
specied, consolidate concrete by vibration. This applies to
concrete slabs as well. In the Optional Requirements Check-
list in ACI 301-10,
1
Section 5.3.2.5 permits other methods of
consolidation, too: Specify when consolidating of concrete
by methods other than vibration will be permitted. Specify
when other methods of consolidation are permitted.
Of course, the required degree of consolidation will vary
inversely with the workability of a mixture. A stif mixture
will require the greatest vibration efort, a highly plastic to
owing mixture will need minimum vibration efort, and
self-consolidating concrete wont require any vibration.
In closing, to ensure desired strength and durability, all
concrete placements require a proper degree of consolidation.
Consolidation methods and equipment should be included
in project specications. Except for projects that include
self-consolidating concrete, consolidation should be an
important part of every concreting job.
References
1. ACI Committee 301, Specications for Structural Concrete
2010, 77 pp.
2. ACI Committee 318, Building Code Requirements for Struc-
tural Concrete (ACI 318-11) and Commentary, American Concrete
Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2011, 503 pp.
3. ACI Committee 309, Guide for Consolidation of Concrete (ACI
309R-05), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2005, 36 pp.
Thanks to Celik Ozyildirim, Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation
and Research, Charlottesville, VA, for reviewing the answer.
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